CN103919132A - 含蚂蚁多肽、壳聚糖的蚂蚁粉的制备方法 - Google Patents
含蚂蚁多肽、壳聚糖的蚂蚁粉的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含蚂蚁多肽、壳聚糖的蚂蚁粉的制备方法。本发明有效地将蚂蚁中的蛋白质和甲壳素转换为易消化、吸收率高的多肽和壳聚糖,同时也有效地避免了活性成分的流失。本发明不仅具有易消化、吸收率高的特点,而且本发明具有更好的营养保健价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含蚂蚁多肽、壳聚糖的蚂蚁粉的制备方法,属于食品工程技术领域。
背景技术
蚂蚁属节肢动物门昆虫纲膜翅目蚁科,其种类繁多,全世界约有16000多种,我国估计达2000种以上。目前临床应用的不到20种,其中已定名且常用入药的10种蚂蚁为:横纹齿猛蚁、红尾猛蚁、日本弓背蚁、黄掠蚁、黑山蚁、赤林蚁、双齿多刺蚁、拟黑多刺蚁(又称鼎突多刺蚁)、巨头切叶蚁及双隆骨铺道蚁。正式获得中国卫生部批准作为新资源食品、新资源中药应用的可作为保健食品原料的蚂蚁品种为拟黑多刺蚁、双齿多刺蚁、黑翅土白蚁、黄翅大白蚁、台湾乳白蚁,一般所说的蚂蚁多指拟黑多刺蚁。现代医学对蚂蚁的营养价值进行了分析和鉴定,确认蚂蚁不仅具有很高食用价值和药用价值,而且开发潜力广阔。经过长期的科学观察发现,蚂蚁能搬动超过自己体重400倍的物体,奥秘在于它体内蕴藏着被誉为“生物核能”的三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、草体蚁醛、锌、心纳素、蚁酸、多糖体、白细胞介素一2以及目前世界上唯一含阳离子的可食性动物纤维被誉为继蛋白质、糖、脂肪、维生素、矿物质以外的第六生命要素——甲壳素等。蚂蚁体内蛋白质含量高达42%~67%,是鸡蛋的4倍,牛奶的6倍,含有28种游离氨基酸其中包括人体必需的8种氨基酸,富含A、B、C、E族维生素等多种生理活性物质以及锌、硒、铁、镁、锰、碘等20多种微量元素,堪称“微型动物营养库”和“天然药物加工厂”,尤其是被誉为“生命之火花”的锌含量最高达200mg/kg。
早在三千多年前我国《周礼·天官》和《礼记·内则》就有记载:“醢(即蚁酱)以供天子馈食”,后在唐、明、清各代本草都有详细记载。对于蚂蚁药用记载详尽地首推伟大药学家、医学家李时珍,据《本草纲目》记载,“蚁释名”记有“蚁,有君臣之义,故字从义”。又云“蚁处处有之,有小、黑、白、黄、赤数种,穴居卵生,其居有等,其行有队,能知雨候,春出冬蛰,土成封,曰蚁封”。李时珍还对蚂蚁的毒性、药性、药用价值作了精辟的论述,是难能可贵的。现代《中药大辞典》(1986年版,上海科学技术出版社)也收录了黑蚂蚁入药的记载。中医理论认为蚂蚁味咸、酸,性平,归肝肾经,有扶正固本,补肾祛寒,养肝荣筋,祛瘀通络的功效,其中以补肾之功效尤为显著,主治肾虚头昏耳鸣,失眠多梦,阳痿遗精,风湿痹痛,中风偏瘫,手足麻木等。已证实拟黑多刺蚁提取物对类风湿关节炎、风湿性关节炎、乙型肝炎、神经衰弱等多种疾病有明显疗效外,还有以下主要药用及保健功能如下:
1、补肾壮阳。蚂蚁有雄激素样作用,可促进性器官发育,补肾壮阳效果显著,常和其他中药组方用于性功能低下、阳痿、早泄、男性不育等症,效果显著。现代药理研究发现,每100g良种蚂蚁干粉含蛋白质40~70g,含有人体必需的多种氨基酸和微量元素,其中微量元素锌的含量尤其高,是提高精子质量的物质基础。
2、II型糖尿病。临床用蚂蚁治疗II型糖尿病,效果较好,对I型糖尿病也有辅助治疗作用。生物学家研究发现,蚂蚁有极强的生命力,是一座“微型动物营养宝库”和“天然药物加工厂”,特别是其中修复胰岛细胞所必须的有机铬、有机锌、有机钴、有机硒、有机锗等微量元素,是使胰岛细胞修复和再生必不可少的元素,比如铬,参与机体糖代谢过程,能使糖尿病代谢恢复正常,故可预防和治疗糖尿病;再比如锌,在胰岛素产生的过程中起着重要的作用,同时锌可刺激胰岛素原转变为胰岛素。中国62家医院,经过8万多病例临床验证,对I、II型糖尿病的有效率高达98%以上,蚂蚁可有效地激发胰岛β细胞功能,提升胰岛素活性和抑制胰岛素抗体的产生,既为糖尿病治疗提供了重要的物质基础,又含有修复胰岛细胞所必须的微量元素。
3、老年性痴呆症、老年白发、秃顶。蚂蚁与补肾活血药同用,对老年性痴呆症有良好的疗效;可使老年人白发变为黑发,发丝具有光泽且粗壮,头顶脱发处长出黑发,是消除老年白发,改变中老年早白发的最佳保健食品之一。
4、骨质疏松症。现代最新药理研究表明,蚂蚁具有对骨关节增生病变、骨质疏松有明显疗效,汉代治疗筋骨软弱的名方“金刚丸”,就是用蚂蚁磨粉加蜜炼丸而成。
5、抗疲劳,增强免疫力,延缓衰老。疲劳是现在许多疾病的诱因。据世界卫生组织调查,世界1/3的人口处于疲劳状态,约60%的中年人处于疲劳状态。蚂蚁体内能合成大量三磷酸腺苷(ATP),能抗疲劳,增强免疫力,具有显著清除自由基的效果,能延缓衰老,延长机体寿命。
我国目前利用蚂蚁开发和生产的系列保健品和药品有以下几类:
1、蚂蚁干品。以蚂蚁为原料生产成的,如蚂蚁纯粉、蚂蚁胶囊等。
2、蚂蚁滋补酒。以蚂蚁和糯米为原料发酵酿制而成或选用蚂蚁和多种名贵动植物原料,经白酒浸制勾兑而成,如中国蚁王酒、乾坤蚁酒、宫廷蚁酒、志成蚁王酒等。
3、蚂蚁口服液类。以蚂蚁为主要原料,采用现代生物工程技术精制而成,如大力神口服液、蚁王浆口服液、蚁皇口服液、复方玄驹口服液等。
4、蚂蚁茶类。以蚂蚁为原料,配以大枣、杜仲等加工成袋泡茶,如杜驹养生茶。
5、蚂蚁药品。以蚂蚁为主药,配以其它多种中药制成,如复方蚁肝丸、蚂蚁乙肝宁、蚂蚁类风湿灵、复方玄驹胶囊、玄七通痹胶囊等。
蚂蚁中含有丰富的蛋白质,由于人的个体差异,对蚂蚁蛋白质的消化率和吸收利用率各不相同,蚂蚁大分子蛋白进入人体后大部分还没有来得及被吸收就被排除体外,存在着难消化、吸收率低的缺陷,特别是对于部分人群有过敏性和消化道反应等问题,严重影响其功效。目前市售的蚂蚁加工品大部分是用传统方法粗加工制成的蚂蚁干、蚂蚁粉,如水提法、水提醇沉法、醇提法等。公开号为CN136931的中国专利公开了一种《蚂蚁人参口服液及其制备方法》,并具体公开了一种使用蛋白酶将水提、醇提后的蚂蚁残渣中的蛋白质分解为氨基酸、多肽的蚂蚁蛋白酶水解方法。公开号为CN101928745A的中国专利公开了一种《蚂蚁多肽的制备方法及用途》,并介绍了使用除油酶解分离蚂蚁中的肽。因此,现有的蚂蚁系列产品的制备方法存在着生物活性成分提取效率不高、含过敏性蛋白、口感差、服用量大等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种含蚂蚁多肽、壳聚糖的蚂蚁粉的制备方法。本发明有效地将蚂蚁中的蛋白质和甲壳素转换为易消化、吸收率高的多肽和壳聚糖,同时也有效地避免了活性成分的流失。本发明不仅具有易消化、吸收率高的特点,而且本发明具有更好的营养保健价值。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供的技术方案如下:一种含蚂蚁多肽、壳聚糖的蚂蚁粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤;
(1)、将蚂蚁进行清洗,在温度为40~60℃烘干至含水量小于10%,粉碎过筛制成蚂蚁粗干粉;
(2)、将蚂蚁粗干粉加入干粉量的3~6倍水,用蛋白酶和壳聚糖酶进行酶解,酶解温度为40~60℃,PH值为4.0~8.0用氢氧化钙溶液调PH值,每克蚂蚁粗干粉加入的蛋白酶的量为2000~6000u酶解3小时,每克蚂蚁粗干粉加入的壳聚糖酶的量分别为2000~4000u,底物的浓度为20~30%,酶解时间为4~8h,酶解后得到酶解物;
(3)、将酶解物在100℃下进行酶灭活、消毒,60~75℃干燥后进行细粉碎,制得成品。
上述的含蚂蚁多肽、壳聚糖的蚂蚁粉的制备方法中,所述的蚂蚁为拟黑多刺蚁。
前述的含蚂蚁多肽、壳聚糖的蚂蚁粉的制备方法中,步骤(1)中,所制得的蚂蚁粗干粉为含水量在8%以内,粒度为20~40目的蚂蚁粗干粉。
前述的含蚂蚁多肽、壳聚糖的蚂蚁粉的制备方法中,步骤(2)中,调节PH值的溶液为质量百分比浓度为5~20%的氢氧化钙溶液。
前述的含蚂蚁多肽、壳聚糖的蚂蚁粉的制备方法中,步骤(2)中,所述的蛋白酶为胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶,且木瓜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的比例是1:1~2。
前述的含蚂蚁多肽、壳聚糖的蚂蚁粉的制备方法中,步骤(3)中,细粉碎后得到120目细粒。
与现有技术相比,本发明通过独特的工艺步骤和工艺参数,有效地利用蛋白酶和壳聚糖酶将蚂蚁中的蛋白质和甲壳素制备成多肽和壳聚糖,使得本发明产品易消化,也提高了本发明产品的吸收率。与此同时,本发明完美地保留了蚂蚁原有的生物活性,可以有效地保证产品的营养价值,并且本发明具有良好的溶解性,因此本发明还具有良好的稳定性。本发明可广泛用于药品、保健品、营养品等众多衍生产品。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1:含蚂蚁多肽、壳聚糖的蚂蚁粉的制备方法,将500克蚂蚁清洗,在温度为60℃烘干3小时,烘干至含水量为5%,粉碎过筛制成20目蚂蚁粗干粉。然后将蚂蚁粗干粉倒入酶解罐进行酶解,酶解条件为温度50℃,用质量百分比浓度为10%的氢氧化钙溶液调节PH值至6,底物浓度为20%(即蚂蚁粗干粉与溶液的质量浓度比为20%),酶解过程先加入木瓜蛋白酶,每克蚂蚁粗干粉加入3000u木瓜蛋白酶进行酶解;酶解3小时后,加入壳聚糖酶,每克蚂蚁粗干粉加入3000u壳聚糖酶继续酶解3小时。酶解结束后,100℃灭酶20min、消毒、冷却、进行冷冻干燥或者热风循环干燥,进行细粉碎,得到成品。
实施例2:含蚂蚁多肽、壳聚糖的蚂蚁粉的制备方法,将500克拟黑多刺蚁清洗,在温度为60℃烘干6小时,烘干至含水量为8%,粉碎过筛制成30目蚂蚁粗干粉。然后蚂蚁粗干粉倒入酶解罐进行酶解,酶解条件为温度40℃,用质量百分比浓度为20%的氢氧化钙溶液调节PH值至8,底物浓度为30%。酶解过程先加入胰蛋白酶,每克蚂蚁粗干粉加入的酶量为4000u的胰蛋白酶,进行酶解;酶解2小时后,加入壳聚糖酶,每克蚂蚁粗干粉加入4000u壳聚糖酶继续酶解4小时。酶解结束后,100℃灭酶20min、消毒、冷却、进行冷冻干燥或者热风循环干燥,进行细粉碎,得到成品。
实施例3:含蚂蚁多肽、壳聚糖的蚂蚁粉的制备方法,将500克拟黑多刺蚁清洗,在温度为60℃烘干7小时,烘干至含水量为4%,粉碎过筛制成40目蚂蚁粗干粉。然后蚂蚁粗干粉倒入酶解罐进行酶解,酶解条件为温度45℃,用质量百分比浓度为20%的氢氧化钙溶液调节PH值至7,底物浓度为10%;酶解过程中,每克蚂蚁粗干粉加入木瓜蛋白酶2000u、胰蛋白酶4000u和4000u壳聚糖酶,酶解5小时。酶解结束后,100℃灭酶20min、消毒、冷却、进行冷冻干燥或者热风循环干燥,进行细粉碎,得到成品。
上述实施例用来解释说明本发明,而不是对本发明进行限制,在本发明的精神和权利要求的保护范围内,对本发明作出的任何修改和改变,都落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.含蚂蚁多肽、壳聚糖的蚂蚁粉的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤;
(1)、将蚂蚁进行清洗,在温度为40~60℃烘干至含水量小于10%,粉碎过筛制成蚂蚁粗干粉;
(2)、将蚂蚁粗干粉加入干粉量的3~6倍水,用蛋白酶和壳聚糖酶进行酶解,酶解温度为40~60℃,PH值为4.0~8.0用氢氧化钙溶液调PH值,每克蚂蚁粗干粉加入的蛋白酶的量为2000~6000u酶解3小时,每克蚂蚁粗干粉加入的壳聚糖酶的量分别为2000~4000u,底物的浓度为20~30%,酶解时间为4~8h,酶解后得到酶解物;
(3)、将酶解物在100℃下进行酶灭活、消毒,60~75℃干燥后进行细粉碎,制得成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含蚂蚁多肽、壳聚糖的蚂蚁粉的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的蚂蚁为拟黑多刺蚁。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的含蚂蚁多肽、壳聚糖的蚂蚁粉的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所制得的蚂蚁粗干粉为含水量在8%以内,粒度为20~40目的蚂蚁粗干粉。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的含蚂蚁多肽、壳聚糖的蚂蚁粉的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,调节PH值的溶液为质量百分比浓度为5~20%的氢氧化钙溶液。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的含蚂蚁多肽、壳聚糖的蚂蚁粉的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,所述的蛋白酶为胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶,且木瓜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的比例是1:1~2。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的含蚂蚁多肽、壳聚糖的蚂蚁粉的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,细粉碎后得到120目细粒。
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