CN103848683A - Method for preparing water-soluble fertilizer - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing a water-soluble fertilizer. The method for preparing the water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps: by taking ore which is rich in elements such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, strontium and barium as a raw material, or taking a soluble compound which contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, strontium and barium as a raw material, or taking a mixture of the mineral and the soluble compound as a main raw material, loosening the crystal of the main raw material by using a double-stair type double-screw rod reaction extruder to irregularly aggregate to form irregular gel powder, and accomplishing heating, gelatinization, polymerization acidification and splitting microporing in a sealed screw rod reactor, thus obtaining the water-soluble fertilizer. The fertilizer does not precipitate because of complex components, can be rapidly dispersed and dissolved in water, and does not block nozzles or irrigation pipelines.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water-soluble fertile field, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method of water-soluble fertilizer.
Background technology
The Integration of Water into Fertilizer can promote the adjustment of cultivated land resource reasonable disposition and crop mix, ensure grain security, improve agriculture benefit, blindness and the irrationality of peasant's water, use fertilizer and production management have been avoided simultaneously, alleviate peasant's production burden, significant to realizing modern agriculture, have broad application prospects.The fertilizing method of water-soluble fertilizer is that the water dropper of the fertilizer utilization device for cleaning pipeline in water soluble being crossed to diameter 1-2mm in drip irrigation directly applies crop root district, not only waste less, and fertilizer efficiency utilization ratio can reach more than 95%, therefore water-fertilizer integral has saved water resources, improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, reduce again the pollution of chemical fertilizer to water, improved crops quality.Along with intensive, the large-scale development of China's agricultural, large-scale drip irrigation and spray irrigation, soilless culture agricultural area expand rapidly, have had increasing agriculture practitioner to recognize the importance of water-soluble fertilizer.
Water-soluble fertilizer is a kind of composite fertilizer that can the water-soluble formation aqueous solution, not only contains the growth elements such as the required nitrogen of farm crop, phosphorus, potassium, but also contains middle trace and ultramicro-element.But in the time that reality is used, water-soluble fertilizer is because complicated component usually can cause emitter clogging because of factors such as biology, chemistry or physics.As due to irrigation water hardness difference, the ion of existence can cause water-solublely fertilely producing crystallization and causing emitter clogging; Each chemical composition in water-soluble fertilizer causes emitter clogging because generation chemical reaction produces throw out; Water-soluble fertilizer moisture absorption caking in storage process causes insoluble particles to produce etc.
At present, the water-soluble fertile development of China is in the junior stage, and is mainly the water-soluble fertilizer that need to prepare different element proportionings according to different plants, and simply by all kinds of needs that there is water-soluble fertilizer that water miscible salt compounds obtains by mixture and cannot meet water-fertilizer integral.As Chinese invention patent publication number, CN102731190A discloses a kind of water-soluble fertilizer, by different components mixture: fulvic acid potassium 0.8～8.4%; Potassium primary phosphate 3.8～12.5%; Water glass 1.9～9.8%; Repone K 1.8～12.6%; Calcium chloride 0.8～3.6%; Copper sulfate 0.025～0.115%; Boric acid 0.05～0.29%; Zinc sulfate 0.06～0.28%; Manganous sulfate 0.03～0.18%; Water 56.5～75.5%.Prepare the water-soluble fertilizer with compound nutritional, for strengthening the strong anti-fall effect of stalk of crop.The component of different elements has mainly been considered in this invention, but so, after complicated compound mixture, causing reacting occurs that the possibility of precipitation is very big, and water glass and calcium ion very easily form Calucium Silicate powder insolubles, thereby cause fertilising plugging, and fertilizer efficiency obviously reduces.
In order to reduce the generation of water-soluble fertile precipitation and insolubles, domestic appearance has adopted the technology of preparing of compound crystal salt, as Chinese invention patent publication number CN102701824A discloses the production method of the water-soluble fertilizer of a kind of macroelement, the method with the neutralization of phosphoric acid by wet process and ammonia, filter, then dissolve in ammonium nitrate, saltpetre, Repone K, through condensing crystal, dry and obtain the water-soluble fertilizer of macroelement.Compared with the water-soluble fertilizer that the present invention produces with simple physical mixture, product appearance is good, can guarantee lower water-insoluble and foreign matter content, but the water-soluble fertile constituent content obtaining is limited, especially moderate-element cannot be configured wherein, and production process has a large amount of waste liquids to produce.
Because water-soluble fertilizer not only contains macroelement, also contain moderate-element and trace element, in order to make up the defect of moderate-element and trace element easy deposition invalidation in water-soluble fertilizer, common way is in advance by moderate-element and micro-complexing, as Chinese invention patent publication number, CN101544520 discloses a kind of water-soluble solid organic complexation micro-element fertilizer and production method thereof, the method, by organic complexing agent EDTA and citric acid, is carried out complex reaction by the soluble salt of micro-Cu, Zn, Fe, B, Mn, Mo.The metal ion of complexing not only cost is high, and EDTA and metal ion to form the Acidity Range of stable comple different, as Ca2+, Mg2+ will be in alkaline ranges, and Zn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ etc. will be in acid ranges, therefore the environment using is had to higher impact, adaptability is poor.
According to above-mentioned, current water-soluble fertile requirement should be completely water-soluble in water, require to contain again macroelement, moderate-element and trace element, and in practice, single element is non-existent, when the compound that contains various elements is mixed with to water-soluble fertilizer, inevitably introduce invalid, even harmful group, very easily caused occurring chemical reaction, precipitation generation, fertilizer efficiency loss.This also becomes the bottleneck that hinders water-soluble fertile development, although improve for this defect at present, but can only carry out the modifications such as crystallization and purification, complexing to single, a few compounds, cannot meet water-soluble loose secondary element, moderate-element and micro-coexistent requirement, the more important thing is that some cost degradation compounds that contain beneficial element, mineral are due to water insoluble or easily produce to precipitate with other compounds and cannot be used for water-soluble fertilizer in water, directly cause water-soluble fertile cost to raise, limited water-soluble loose area and promoted the use of.
Summary of the invention
Storing for the water-soluble fertilizer being formed by multiple compounds at present, mixture, in use procedure, easily deliquescence lumps, produce precipitation, the defects such as fertilizer efficiency loss, the invention provides a kind of preparation method of water-soluble fertilizer, the preparation method of this water-soluble fertilizer is rich in phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, strontium, the mineral of the elements such as barium are raw material, or contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, strontium, the soluble compound of barium is raw material, or the mixture of above-mentioned mineral and soluble compound is raw material, utilize two steps type twin screw reaction extruder by amorphous gelation, the processing of cracking microporous, obtain water-soluble fertilizer.The method preparation process without waste residue produce, low without discharge, energy consumption, the water-soluble fertilizer obtaining is the compound water-soluble fertilizer that contains each dvielement, can provide comprehensive nutritive element for farm crop, can not precipitate because of complicated component, can rapid dispersion and dissolving in water, do not stop up shower nozzle and irrigation pipeline.Especially the water-soluble fertile preparation method of the present invention can, for becoming the water-soluble fertilizer that can disperse completely and dissolve by containing the insoluble mineral that enrich element in water, significantly reduce the cost of water-soluble fertilizer.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A preparation method for water-soluble fertilizer, adopts two steps type twin screw reaction extruder to prepare water-soluble fertilizer, and concrete steps are as follows:
(1) select the mineral of elements such as being rich in phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, strontium, barium, or the soluble compound that contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, strontium, barium, or the mixture of above-mentioned mineral and soluble compound is body material, grind by shredder with activator, be ground to diameter of particle≤2 micron, and to add acid solution to regulate powder pH value be 3-5;
(2) powder that step (1) is obtained to particle diameter≤2 micron adds high-speed mixer, adds gelifying agent, guiding agent, dispersing and mixing 30-45min in high-speed mixer;
(3) dispersed material step (2) being obtained adds two steps type twin screw reaction extruder, single order spiro rod reaction actuator temperature 80-120 DEG C, form gel powder and pushed second order screw reactor by screw rod, second order spiro rod reaction actuator temperature 120-160 DEG C, in cylindrical shell under air tight condition, the shearing of screw rod was pushed and was peeled off gel powder, under guiding agent effect while, be attached to the acid generation polymerization acidification reaction of gel powder, make body material and acid form stable polymeric acid compound;
(4) the polymeric acid compound of step (3) gained is at second order screw reactor discharge port, the pressure of pushing ahead formation by screw reactor makes polymeric acid compound fast by the discharge port of template, because reducing rapidly, pressure make polymeric acid compound cracking formation there is microvoid structure fine powder at discharge port place, be water-soluble fertilizer, this fine powder can disperse completely and dissolve in water.
The described activator of above-mentioned preparation process (1) is one or more in the auxiliary agent that contains hydroxyl, sulfonate radical or phosphate radical functional group; The wherein said selection of auxiliary azanol that contains hydroxyl, 2-monoethanolamine, in amino alkanol any one; In the described selection of auxiliary thionamic acid that contains sulfonate radical, amidoalkylsulfonic acid any one; In the described selection of auxiliary 4-aminophenyl phosphate that contains phosphate radical, phosphoramidic acid, amino alkane phosphoric acid any one.Activator adds total amount according to body material weighing scale, is the 3-8% of body material weight.
The described acid solution of above-mentioned preparation process (1) is any one in sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid.
The described gelifying agent of above-mentioned preparation process (2) is at least one in tetraethoxy, polyoxyethylene, water soluble starch, ether of cellulose and derivative thereof.Gelifying agent adds total amount according to body material weighing scale, is the 2-6% of body material weight.
The described guiding agent of above-mentioned preparation process (2) is at least one in trolamine, 2-hydroxyethyl ethyleneurea, hydroxyurea.Guiding agent adds total amount according to body material weighing scale, is the 0.5-2% of body material weight.
The described two steps type twin screw reaction extruder of above-mentioned preparation process (3) comprises first kernel response device and second-order reaction device, single order and the airtight interlock of second-order reaction device, an opening for feed and a discharge port are only set, wherein first kernel response device is incongruous double screw reaction extruder, antidromous thread engagement element makes gelifying agent and body material be full of completely at screw channel, gap by spiral shell rib and machine barrel is mixing, and making gelifying agent infiltrate body material becomes gel powder; Second-order reaction device is parallel dual-screw reaction extruder, homodromal screwing element makes gel powder pile up on a small quantity at thread pitch, peel off by the shearing of screw thread in the same way, be attached to the acid generation polymerization acidification reaction of gel powder, make body material and acid form stable polymeric acid compound.
Twin screw extruder is mainly used in successive polymerization and the modification of polymkeric substance.Between the twin screw of twin screw extruder and machine barrel, there is flight gup, sideshake, calendering gap and tetrahedral interstice, response intensity is high, because its extrusion system adopts modular construction, can meet by converting the combination of each screw element the requirements such as the conveying, melting of specific material, mixing, shearing, reaction, high pressure, devolatilization, homogenizing, meet continuous motion, homogenizing, high pressure, reaction simultaneously, can realize the complex reaction that cannot realize in common mixing tank and reactor.The preferred a kind of two steps type double screw rod extruder of the present invention, as flow reactor, has been realized the water-soluble fertilizer of High-efficient Production.
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of water-soluble fertilizer, the preparation method of this water-soluble fertilizer is rich in phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, strontium, the mineral of the elements such as barium are raw material, or contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, strontium, the soluble compound of barium is raw material, or the mixture of above-mentioned mineral and soluble compound is body material, utilize the single order counter rotating screw thread of two steps type twin screw reaction extruder to body material gelation processing, make the irregular gathering of the lax appearance of crystal of body material form amorphous gel powder, further utilize the second order rotating Vortex screw thread of two steps type twin screw reaction extruder, amorphous gel powder strong shear is peeled off, be attached to the acid generation polymerization acidification reaction of gel powder, form stable polymeric acid compound.Polymeric acid compound, owing to being subject to the rapid pressure release of screw reactor discharge port, has microvoid structure fine powder thereby the cracking of polymeric acid compound is formed, and obtains water-soluble fertilizer.This preparation method completes heating, gelation, polymerization acidifying, cracking microporous in airtight screw reactor, one-time continuous reaction has obtained water-soluble fertilizer, avoid the loss of nitrogen element, be suitable for the water-solubleization processing of multiple compounds or mineral, preparation process without waste residue produce, low without discharge, energy consumption, the water-soluble fertilizer obtaining is the compound water-soluble fertilizer that contains each dvielement, can not precipitate because of complicated component, can rapid dispersion and dissolving in water, do not stop up shower nozzle and irrigation pipeline.Especially the water-soluble fertile preparation method of the present invention can, for becoming the water-soluble fertilizer that can disperse completely and dissolve by containing the insoluble mineral that enrich element in water, significantly reduce the cost of water-soluble fertilizer.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram that the preparation method of a kind of water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention adopts.
Fig. 2 adopts the mixing gelation schematic diagram of single order counter rotating screw thread in two steps type twin screw reaction extruder in the present invention.
Fig. 3 adopts second order rotating Vortex screw thread shearing in two steps type twin screw reaction extruder to peel off gel powder, polymerization acidifying schematic diagram in the present invention.
The preparation method of a kind of water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention, compared with prior art outstanding feature is:
1, the preparation method of a kind of water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention, to be rich in phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, strontium, the mineral of the elements such as barium are raw material, or contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, strontium, the soluble compound of barium is raw material, or the mixture of above-mentioned mineral and soluble compound is body material, utilizing two steps type twin screw reaction extruder is conversion unit, in airtight screw reactor, complete heating, gelation, polymerization acidifying, cracking microporous, one-time continuous reaction has obtained water-soluble fertilizer, avoid the loss of nitrogen element, be suitable for the water-solubleization processing of multiple compounds or mineral, a kind of efficient water-soluble fertile preparation method.
2, the preparation method of a kind of water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention, utilize the single order counter rotating screw thread of two steps type twin screw reaction extruder to body material gelation processing, make the irregular gathering of the lax appearance of crystal of body material form amorphous gel powder, thereby make the body material that is rich in element there is activity.
3, the preparation method of a kind of water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention, the second order rotating Vortex screw thread that utilizes two steps type twin screw reaction extruder, peels off amorphous gel powder strong shear, and polymerization acidification reaction occurs, form stable polymeric acid compound, realized that water-soluble fertile multielement is stable to coexist.
4, the preparation method of a kind of water-soluble fertilizer of the present invention, avoid the loss of nitrogen element, be suitable for the water-solubleization processing of multiple compounds or mineral, preparation process without waste residue produce, low without discharge, energy consumption, the water-soluble fertilizer obtaining is the compound water-soluble fertilizer of microporous, can rapid dispersion and dissolving in water, do not stop up shower nozzle and irrigation pipeline, can not precipitate because of complicated component, especially the water-soluble fertile preparation method of the present invention can, for becoming the water-soluble fertilizer that can disperse completely and dissolve by containing the insoluble mineral that enrich element in water, significantly reduce the cost of water-soluble fertilizer.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but this should be interpreted as to scope of the present invention only limits to following example.In the situation that not departing from aforesaid method thought of the present invention, various replacements or the change made according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means, all should be within the scope of the present invention.
embodiment 1
(1) ground phosphate rock 50kg, potassium felspar sand 20kg, nitrocalcite 15kg, ferrous sulfate 1kg, float stone 5kg, potassium sulfate 3kg, medical stone 5kg, borax 1kg, grind by shredder with azanol 0.5kg, phosphoramidic acid 0.5kg, thionamic acid 2kg, be ground to diameter of particle≤2 micron, and add sulfuric acid, regulating powder pH value is 5;
(2) powder that step (1) is obtained to particle diameter≤2 micron adds high-speed mixer, adds gelifying agent tetraethoxy 2kg, guiding agent trolamine 1kg, dispersing and mixing 45min in high-speed mixer;
(3) dispersed material step (2) being obtained adds two steps type twin screw reaction extruder, 120 DEG C of single order spiro rod reaction actuator temperatures are set, gap by spiral shell rib and machine barrel is mixing, gelifying agent infiltrates body material, make the amorphous gel powder of the lax formation of crystal, amorphous gel powder is pushed second order screw reactor by screw rod, 160 DEG C of second order spiro rod reaction actuator temperatures, simultaneously in cylindrical shell under air tight condition, the shearing of screw rod is pushed and is peeled off gel powder, under guiding agent effect, be attached to the acid generation polymerization acidification reaction of gel powder, make body material and acid form stable polymeric acid compound,
(4) the polymeric acid compound of step (3) gained is at second order screw reactor discharge port, the pressure of pushing ahead formation by screw reactor makes polymeric acid compound fast by the discharge port of template, because reducing rapidly, pressure make polymeric acid compound cracking formation there is microvoid structure fine powder at discharge port place, be water-soluble fertilizer, this fine powder can disperse completely and dissolve in water.
Get the water-soluble fertile 10g that the embodiment of the present invention 1 obtains, in beaker, add 2500ml dissolved in purified water, fully stirring 3min makes water-soluble fertilizer disperse completely and dissolve, placing 24h tests: after placing 24h, nothing precipitates, utilize the filter paper filtering of aperture for 10-30 micron, filtration residue amount is 0.33%, therefore utilizes water-soluble fertilizer prepared by the inventive method to have good water-soluble.
The water-soluble fertilizer that embodiment scheme is obtained carries out corn fertilizer efficiency volume increase Test Effect Analysis in STRUCTURES IN EAST SICHUAN hilly country:
Test variety of crops: corn;
Test plot: looseness of soil, weak desertification, middle fertility, 30Du slope, ground;
Fertilizer application mode: model plot 1 adopts tradition to broadcast sowing fertilising, model plot 2 adopts dropper fertilising;
Test method: model plot 1 adopts conventional composite fertilizer to apply fertilizer according to long-term the best mode of broadcasting sowing, 30 kgs/acre of fertilizer amounts; Water-soluble fertile drip irrigation fertilising, 15 kgs/acre of the water-soluble fertile consumptions of adopting that model plot 2 utilizes embodiment 1 scheme to obtain;
Field test results: model plot 1 corn mean yield is 480,000 grams/acre, and the mean yield of model plot 2 corns is 800,000 grams/acre.
Thus, reach a conclusion: the water-soluble fertilizer that the present invention obtains not only in water dispersing and dissolving good, and fertilizer efficiency utilization ratio is high, on increasing crop yield impact obviously.
embodiment 2
(1) nitrocalcite magnesium 40kg, potassium felspar sand 20kg, potassium primary phosphate 15kg, primary ammonium phosphate 10kg, ferrous sulfate 1kg, float stone 5kg, brucite 3kg, medical stone 5kg, borax 1kg, grind by shredder with amino alkanol 1kg, amino alkane phosphoric acid 2kg, amidoalkylsulfonic acid 2kg, be ground to diameter of particle≤2 micron, and to add acid solution to regulate powder pH value be 4;
(2) powder that step (1) is obtained to particle diameter≤2 micron adds high-speed mixer, adds gelifying agent polyoxyethylene 2kg, guiding agent 2-hydroxyethyl ethyleneurea 1kg, dispersing and mixing 30min in high-speed mixer;
(3) dispersed material step (2) being obtained adds two steps type twin screw reaction extruder, 100 DEG C of single order spiro rod reaction actuator temperatures are set, gap by spiral shell rib and machine barrel is mixing, gelifying agent infiltrates body material, make the amorphous gel powder of the lax formation of crystal, amorphous gel powder is pushed second order screw reactor by screw rod, 150 DEG C of second order spiro rod reaction actuator temperatures, simultaneously in cylindrical shell under air tight condition, the shearing of screw rod is pushed and is peeled off gel powder, under guiding agent effect, be attached to the acid generation polymerization acidification reaction of gel powder, make body material and acid form stable polymeric acid compound,
(4) the polymeric acid compound of step (3) gained is at second order screw reactor discharge port, the pressure of pushing ahead formation by screw reactor makes polymeric acid compound fast by the discharge port of template, because reducing rapidly, pressure make polymeric acid compound cracking formation there is microvoid structure fine powder at discharge port place, be water-soluble fertilizer, this fine powder can disperse completely and dissolve in water.
Get the water-soluble fertile 10g that the embodiment of the present invention 2 obtains, in beaker, add 2500ml dissolved in purified water, fully stirring 3min makes water-soluble fertilizer disperse completely and dissolve, placing 24h tests: after placing 24h, nothing precipitates, utilize the filter paper filtering of aperture for 10-30 micron, filtration residue amount is 0.5%, therefore utilizes water-soluble fertilizer prepared by the inventive method to have good water-soluble.
The water-soluble fertilizer that embodiment scheme is obtained increases production Test Effect Analysis in Chengdu for strawberry soilless culture fertilizer efficiency:
| ? | The present embodiment sample | Comparative sample |
| Fertilizer sample | Embodiment 2 | The water-soluble fertilizer in the new land of commercially available Germany |
| Experiment field | Strawberry growing without soil | Strawberry growing without soil |
| Fertilizer application mode | Drip irrigation | Drip irrigation |
| Extension rate | 800 times | 800 times |
| Rate of fertilizer application | 15 kgs/acre | 15 kgs/acre |
| Output | 2040 kgs/acre | 1850 kgs/acre |
Thus, reach a conclusion: the water-soluble fertilizer that the present invention obtains is adapted to the fertigation that becomes more meticulous completely, fertilizer efficiency can reach the water-soluble fertilizer of import, provides abundant multielement to affect obviously soilless culture increasing crop yield.
embodiment 3
(1) ground phosphate rock 55kg, potassium felspar sand 20kg, float stone 5kg, brucite 3kg, medical stone 5kg, zeolite 1kg, illite 3kg, mica powder 5kg, sepiolite 3kg, grind by shredder with amino alkanol 3kg, amino alkane phosphoric acid 2kg, amidoalkylsulfonic acid 1kg, be ground to diameter of particle≤2 micron, and to add acid solution to regulate powder pH value be 3;
(2) powder that step (1) is obtained to particle diameter≤2 micron adds high-speed mixer, adds gelifying agent water soluble starch 5kg, guiding agent 2 hydroxyurea 2kg, dispersing and mixing 30min in high-speed mixer;
(3) dispersed material step (2) being obtained adds two steps type twin screw reaction extruder, 80 DEG C of single order spiro rod reaction actuator temperatures are set, gap by spiral shell rib and machine barrel is mixing, gelifying agent infiltrates body material, make the amorphous gel powder of the lax formation of crystal, amorphous gel powder is pushed second order screw reactor by screw rod, 120 DEG C of second order spiro rod reaction actuator temperatures, simultaneously in cylindrical shell under air tight condition, the shearing of screw rod is pushed and is peeled off gel powder, under guiding agent effect, be attached to the acid generation polymerization acidification reaction of gel powder, make body material and acid form stable polymeric acid compound,
(4) the polymeric acid compound of step (3) gained is at second order screw reactor discharge port, the pressure of pushing ahead formation by screw reactor makes polymeric acid compound fast by the discharge port of template, because reducing rapidly, pressure make polymeric acid compound cracking formation there is microvoid structure fine powder at discharge port place, be water-soluble fertilizer, this fine powder can disperse completely and dissolve in water.
Get the water-soluble fertile 10g that the embodiment of the present invention 3 obtains, in beaker, add 2500ml dissolved in purified water, fully stirring 3min makes water-soluble fertilizer disperse completely and dissolve, placing 24h tests: after placing 24h, nothing precipitates, utilize the filter paper filtering of aperture for 10-30 micron micron, filtration residue amount is 0.55%, therefore utilizes water-soluble fertilizer prepared by the inventive method to have good water-soluble.
embodiment 4
(1) ground phosphate rock 55kg, saltpetre 20kg, float stone 5kg, brucite 3kg, medical stone 5kg, zeolite 1kg, ammonium nitrate phosphorus 3kg, mica powder 5kg, ammonium metaphosphate 3kg, grind by shredder with amino alkanol 3kg, amino alkane phosphoric acid 2kg, amidoalkylsulfonic acid 1kg, be ground to diameter of particle≤2 micron, and to add acid solution to regulate powder pH value be 3;
(2) powder that step (1) is obtained to particle diameter≤2 micron adds high-speed mixer, adds gelifying agent water soluble starch 4kg, guiding agent 2 hydroxyurea 1kg, dispersing and mixing 30min in high-speed mixer;
(3) dispersed material step (2) being obtained adds two steps type twin screw reaction extruder, 80 DEG C of single order spiro rod reaction actuator temperatures are set, gap by spiral shell rib and machine barrel is mixing, gelifying agent infiltrates body material, make the amorphous gel powder of the lax formation of crystal, amorphous gel powder is pushed second order screw reactor by screw rod, 120 DEG C of second order spiro rod reaction actuator temperatures, simultaneously in cylindrical shell under air tight condition, the shearing of screw rod is pushed and is peeled off gel powder, under guiding agent effect, be attached to the acid generation polymerization acidification reaction of gel powder, make body material and acid form stable polymeric acid compound,
(4) the polymeric acid compound of step (3) gained is at second order screw reactor discharge port, the pressure of pushing ahead formation by screw reactor makes polymeric acid compound fast by the discharge port of template, because reducing rapidly, pressure make polymeric acid compound cracking formation there is microvoid structure fine powder at discharge port place, be water-soluble fertilizer, this fine powder can disperse completely and dissolve in water.
Get the water-soluble fertile 10g that the embodiment of the present invention 4 obtains, in beaker, add 2500ml dissolved in purified water, fully stirring 3min makes water-soluble fertilizer disperse completely and dissolve, placing 24h tests: after placing 24h, nothing precipitates, utilize the filter paper filtering of aperture for 10-30 micron micron, filtration residue amount is 0.43%, therefore utilizes water-soluble fertilizer prepared by the inventive method to have good water-soluble.
embodiment 5
(1) calcium superphosphate 40kg, double superhosphate 10kg, nitrocalcite magnesium 15kg, saltpetre 15kg, vitriol iron 1kg, medical stone 9kg, potassium primary phosphate 5kg, borax 1kg, copper sulfate 0.5kg, vanadium titanium soil 0.5kg, ammonium metaphosphate 3kg, grind by shredder with amino alkanol 3kg, amino alkane phosphoric acid 2kg, amidoalkylsulfonic acid 1kg, be ground to diameter of particle≤2 micron, and to add acid solution to regulate powder pH value be 3;
(2) powder that step (1) is obtained to particle diameter≤2 micron adds high-speed mixer, adds gelifying agent ether of cellulose 3kg, guiding agent trolamine 1kg, dispersing and mixing 40min in high-speed mixer;
(3) dispersed material step (2) being obtained adds two steps type twin screw reaction extruder, 120 DEG C of single order spiro rod reaction actuator temperatures are set, gap by spiral shell rib and machine barrel is mixing, gelifying agent infiltrates body material, make the amorphous gel powder of the lax formation of crystal, amorphous gel powder is pushed second order screw reactor by screw rod, 160 DEG C of second order spiro rod reaction actuator temperatures, simultaneously in cylindrical shell under air tight condition, the shearing of screw rod is pushed and is peeled off gel powder, under guiding agent effect, be attached to the acid generation polymerization acidification reaction of gel powder, make body material and acid form stable polymeric acid compound,
(4) the polymeric acid compound of step (3) gained is at second order screw reactor discharge port, the pressure of pushing ahead formation by screw reactor makes polymeric acid compound fast by the discharge port of template, because reducing rapidly, pressure make polymeric acid compound cracking formation there is microvoid structure fine powder at discharge port place, be water-soluble fertilizer, this fine powder can disperse completely and dissolve in water.
Get the water-soluble fertile 10g that the embodiment of the present invention 5 obtains, in beaker, add 2500ml dissolved in purified water, fully stirring 3min makes water-soluble fertilizer disperse completely and dissolve, placing 24h tests: after placing 24h, nothing precipitates, utilize the filter paper filtering of aperture for 10-30 micron micron, filtration residue amount is 0.48%, therefore utilizes water-soluble fertilizer prepared by the inventive method to have good water-soluble.
Claims (2)
1. a preparation method for water-soluble fertilizer, is characterized in that: adopt two steps type twin screw reaction extruder to prepare water-soluble fertilizer, the method comprises the steps:
(1) select and be rich in phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, strontium, the mineral of the elements such as barium, or contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, strontium, the soluble compound of barium, or the mixture of above-mentioned mineral and soluble compound is body material, grind by shredder with activator, be ground to diameter of particle≤2 micron, and to add acid solution to regulate powder pH value be 3-5, described activator is for containing hydroxyl, one or more in the auxiliary agent of sulfonate radical or phosphate radical functional group, the wherein said selection of auxiliary azanol that contains hydroxyl, 2-monoethanolamine, in amino alkanol any one, in the described selection of auxiliary thionamic acid that contains sulfonate radical, amidoalkylsulfonic acid any one, in the described selection of auxiliary 4-aminophenyl phosphate that contains phosphate radical, phosphoramidic acid, amino alkane phosphoric acid any one, activator adds total amount according to body material weighing scale, is the 3-8% of body material weight,
(2) powder that step (1) is obtained to particle diameter≤2 micron adds high-speed mixer, add gelifying agent, guiding agent, dispersing and mixing 30-45min in high-speed mixer, wherein said gelifying agent is at least one in tetraethoxy, polyoxyethylene, water soluble starch, ether of cellulose and derivative thereof, gelifying agent adds total amount according to body material weighing scale, is the 2-6% of body material weight; Described guiding agent is at least one in trolamine, 2-hydroxyethyl ethyleneurea, hydroxyurea, and guiding agent adds total amount according to body material weighing scale, is the 0.5-2% of body material weight;
(3) dispersed material step (2) being obtained adds two steps type twin screw reaction extruder, single order spiro rod reaction actuator temperature 80-120 DEG C is set, gap by spiral shell rib and machine barrel is mixing, gelifying agent infiltrates body material, make the amorphous gel powder of the lax formation of crystal, amorphous gel powder is pushed second order screw reactor by screw rod, second order spiro rod reaction actuator temperature 120-160 DEG C, simultaneously in cylindrical shell under air tight condition, the shearing of screw rod is pushed and is peeled off gel powder, under guiding agent effect, be attached to the acid generation polymerization acidification reaction of gel powder, make body material and acid form stable polymeric acid compound,
(4) the polymeric acid compound of step (3) gained is at second order screw reactor discharge port, the pressure of pushing ahead formation by screw reactor makes polymeric acid compound fast by the discharge port of template, because reducing rapidly, pressure make polymeric acid compound cracking formation there is microvoid structure fine powder at discharge port place, be water-soluble fertilizer, this fine powder can disperse completely and dissolve in water.
2. the preparation method of a kind of water-soluble fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described two steps type twin screw reaction extruder of step (3) comprises first kernel response device and second-order reaction device, single order and the airtight interlock of second-order reaction device, an opening for feed and a discharge port are only set, wherein first kernel response device is incongruous double screw reaction extruder, antidromous thread engagement element makes gelifying agent and body material be full of completely at screw channel, gap by spiral shell rib and machine barrel is mixing, and making gelifying agent infiltrate body material becomes gel powder; Second-order reaction device is parallel dual-screw reaction extruder, homodromal screwing element makes gel powder pile up on a small quantity at thread pitch, peel off by the shearing of screw thread in the same way, be attached to the acid generation polymerization acidification reaction of gel powder, make body material and acid form stable polymeric acid compound.
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