CN104370627B - A kind of slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104370627B CN104370627B CN201410577051.0A CN201410577051A CN104370627B CN 104370627 B CN104370627 B CN 104370627B CN 201410577051 A CN201410577051 A CN 201410577051A CN 104370627 B CN104370627 B CN 104370627B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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Abstract
The open a kind of slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer of the present invention, is characterized in that comprising ion capture agent and water-soluble is fertile.By ion capture agent, capturing the zwitterion of Water soluble fertilizer, the nutrient of dissolving is collected enrichment and slowly discharges at plant root simultaneously, it is provided that root system of plant absorbs the microcirculation environment that nutrition divides.Meet water-fertilizer integral, can fertigation, sprinkler irrigation fertilization, make Water soluble fertilizer water miscible have slow-releasing possessing simultaneously, reduce it and run off and fertilizer application frequency, increase operation rate.This slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer is collected nutrient and provides transmission channel for plant absorption nutrient simultaneously, strengthens fertilizer nutrient and enters the ability in plant and speed, it is ensured that the high efficiency of Water soluble fertilizer.Further provide the preparation method of slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Water soluble fertilizer field, be specifically related to a kind of Water soluble fertilizer with slow-release function.
Background technology
Water soluble fertilizer (Water Soluble Fertilizer) is a kind of multielement compound fertilizer that can be dissolved completely in water, relative to traditional solid particle compound fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer, Water soluble fertilizer have instant, absorbance is high, instant effect, without residue, use the remarkable advantages such as convenient, additionally, in Water soluble fertilizer water soluble, by the fertigation of water-fertilizer integral, spray fertilising and reach that water saving, joint be fertile, the purpose of saving of labor.Therefore, Water soluble fertilizer is progressively popularized in the application in high-efficiency agriculture field.
Be completely dissolved in Water soluble fertilizer, while crops efficient absorption, Water soluble fertilizer is also easier to seepage, loss in soil, causes nutrient loss for this.After Water soluble fertilizer is dissolved in water, plant can not absorb at short notice in time, and the nutrient of solubility then can permeate the ground, and not only causes fertilizer efficiency to lose, and can pollute subsoil water.It addition, Water soluble fertilizer is fast owing to dissolving, easily causes the harm that salt density is too high, affect the root system of plant absorption to nutrient.Therefore, Water soluble fertilizer needs to avoid the loss after dissolving.And traditional slow-release fertilizer is by delaying fertilizer dissolving to reach slow release, it is impossible to meet plant and quickly absorb.
Chinese invention patent CN102875248A discloses a kind of Water soluble fertilizer Han humic acid slow release, this invention is with potassium fulvate as raw material, it is simultaneously introduced very small amount poly-aspartate and disodiumedetate, zinc, boron, three kinds of elements of magnesium upon dissolution or are complexed in course of dissolution, and be slowly released in soil, thus absorbed by crops, decrease the loss of fertilizer nutrient, improve the absorption rate of nutrient substance.Owing to water soluble fertilizer contains zwitterion, anion can be made to fix in soil by direct complex cation, therefore adaptability is restricted.
Chinese invention patent publication number CN101544520 discloses a kind of water-soluble solid organic complexation micro-element fertilizer and production method thereof, the method passes through organic complexing agent EDTA and citric acid, and the soluble-salt of trace element Cu, Zn, Fe, B, Mn, Mo is carried out complex reaction.The metal ion of complexation not only cost is high, and EDTA is different, such as Ca from the Acidity Range that metal ion forms stable comple2+、Mg2+Will be in alkaline range, and Zn2+、Ni2+、Cu2+Etc. will in acid range, therefore on use environment have higher impact, adaptability is poor.
According to above-mentioned, run off after being dissolved in water in order to avoid Water soluble fertilizer, slowly discharge after microelement fixation can being made by humic acid, EDTA, the complexation of citric acid, but selectivity is restricted, especially cannot be to a great number of elements N P and K and anion complexation.If plant can not absorb in time after therefore Water soluble fertilizer is dissolved in water, the nutrient such as solubility nitrate anion, phosphate radical, potassium ion then can permeate the ground or be fixed, and not only causes fertilizer efficiency to lose, and can pollute subsoil water.Therefore, along with the fertile substantial amounts of application of water solublity, how to improve fertilizer efficiency and prevent fertilizer efficiency loss from also becoming lifting Water soluble fertilizer utilization rate and the key of quality.
Summary of the invention
Being dissolved in after water quick seepage, the defect of loss in soil for Water soluble fertilizer, the present invention provides a kind of slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer.It is characterized in that this slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer comprises ion capture agent and water-soluble is fertile.This Water soluble fertilizer can be at water-soluble dispersing and dissolving, meet the fertigation of water-fertilizer integral, sprinkler irrigation fertilization, ion capture agent is passed through after being dissolved in water, capturing the zwitterion of Water soluble fertilizer, the nutrient of dissolving is collected enrichment and slowly discharges at plant root simultaneously, it is provided that root system of plant absorbs the microcirculation environment that nutrition divides, make Water soluble fertilizer water miscible have slow-releasing possessing simultaneously, reduce loss of chemical fertilizer, improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, reduce Water soluble fertilizer fertilizer application frequency.This slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer is collected nutrient and provides transmission channel for plant absorption nutrient simultaneously, strengthens fertilizer nutrient and enters the ability in plant and speed, it is ensured that the high efficiency of Water soluble fertilizer.Further provide the preparation method of this slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer.
Slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization:
Slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer, it is characterized in that by ion capture agent with can form by water-soluble fertilizer, preferred weight portion composition as follows:
Can water-soluble fertilizer
90-95 part,
Ion capture agent
5-10 part,
Described in above-mentioned slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer can the carbamide of the preferred favorable solubility of water-soluble fertilizer, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, APP, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, various combination can be carried out according to nutrient requirement.
Ion capture agent described in above-mentioned slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer is to be formed with ion-exchanger hydridization by hydroxide colloid, ion capture agent makes the anion after Water soluble fertilizer dissolving or/and cation is captured, then by plant constant absorption, there is provided transmission channel for plant absorption nutrient simultaneously, strengthen fertilizer nutrient and enter the ability in plant and speed；At least one during wherein hydroxide colloid selects hydrated ferric oxide., magnesium hydroxide, zinc hydroxide；At least one in weak-acid cation-exchange resin, weak-base anion-exchange resin selected by ion-exchanger.
Weak-acid cation-exchange resin described above preferably comprises the weak-acid cation-exchange resin of carboxylic group.
Weak-base anion-exchange resin described above preferably comprises ethylenediamine group, diethylenetriamines group, trien group, dimethylamino propylamine group, trimethylamino propylamine group, at least one anion exchange resin of dimethyl hydroxy ethyl propylamine group.
Ion capture agent is in hydridization, specifically introduce carboxymethyl and can improve the affinity to cation, thus improve the capture ability to Water soluble fertilizer cationic, the source of carboxymethyl can be selected at least one in carboxymethyl starch, carboxymethyl chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose.
The present invention forms a kind of ion capture agent by hydroxide colloid and ion-exchanger hydridization, in hydridization, particularly introduce carboxymethyl can improve the capture ability to cation, hydroxide colloid passes through the ion dissolved in electrostatic attraction Water soluble fertilizer, and by the ion-exchanger absorptive collection of hydridization.Its prominent effect is to collect anion sulfate acid root, nitrate anion, phosphate radical etc., captures cation simultaneously.According to soil ion concentration in soil, slow Releasing nutrient supply plant absorption, prevent the fixing of Water soluble fertilizer nutrient and run off, finally realizing slow-releasing and the water solublity of fertilizer.
The preparation method of slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer of the present invention, it is characterised in that preparation method is carried out as follows:
(1) hydroxide colloid, ion-exchanger, carboxymethyl raw material are weighed mixing with mass ratio 10-15:3-5:0-1, adding clean water makes it be completely dissolved, add appropriate Borax and be placed in heating hydridization reaction under the conditions of 60-80 DEG C in reactor, response time controls between 15min-30min, utilize ammoniacal liquor to keep reaction to carry out under weak basic condition, make between hydroxide colloid and ion-exchanger, to form hybrid structure and obtain pulpous state ion capture agent；
(2) can add in the ion capture agent pulpous state liquid that step (1) obtains by water-soluble fertilizer, wherein the weight portion of ion capture agent is 5-10 part, can the weight portion of water-soluble fertilizer be 90-95 part, dispersed with stirring 5min-15min in a kettle., then ageing 1-2 hour, ion capture agent and Water soluble fertilizer dispersed formation complex；
(3) complex that step (2) obtains is dried by spray-drying installation, obtains slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer.
In above-mentioned preparation method, reactor described in step (1), (2) uses high-speed stirred, mixing speed controls at 500-800r/min, and built-in stirring blade leaf uses orbital, makes hydroxide link with ion-exchanger hydridization by the crosslinking of atwirl blade stirring and Borax.
In above-mentioned preparation method, the appropriate Borax of addition described in step (1), the addition of Borax is the 0.5-1% of hydroxide colloid quality.
Common Water soluble fertilizer has instant, the remarkable advantage of instant effect, but owing to Water soluble fertilizer is to be quickly dissolved in after water to play fertilizer efficiency, and nutrient cannot be fully absorbed by crops at short notice, therefore its volatilization is run off, infiltration is run off and the fixing reaction of fertilizer ion and soil is more easy to occur, and causes fertilizer loss serious.Do not possess slow-releasing because of Water soluble fertilizer, need repeatedly to apply fertilizer.Present invention aim to address that the water solublity of fertilizer and slow-releasing cannot simultaneous defects, for this, by using ion capture agent, make ion capture agent dispersed with Water soluble fertilizer, being dissolved in energy rapid dispersion after water, dissolved fertilizer dissolves the cation of generation, anion nutrient is collected by ion capture agent, and slowly discharged according to the ion concentration in soil, make the concentration that the ion component holding in soil is certain, promote plant constant absorption.Solve Water soluble fertilizer volatilization to run off, permeate and run off, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce fertilizer application frequency.There is provided transmission channel for plant absorption nutrient simultaneously, strengthen fertilizer nutrient and enter the ability in plant and speed.Entirely appropriate water-fertilizer integral drip irrigation, punching are executed or are sprayed, and are reached the potentiation of Water soluble fertilizer by slow release, are effectively prevented the fertilizer efficiency loss that after Water soluble fertilizer is dissolved in water, nutrient Ion leakage causes.
Slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer of the present invention and the water solublity of commercially available Water soluble fertilizer, slow-releasing are carried out test comparison, and test result is as follows:
By test result, slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer of the present invention is satisfied by water dispersed with commercially available Water soluble fertilizer, fits entirely into the drip irrigation and spray irrigation of water-fertilizer integral, rushes and execute use.But the slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer nutrients release persistent period of the present invention is longer, not only can reduce the fertilizer application frequency of Water soluble fertilizer, and reach potentiation by slow release, improve the utilization rate of fertilizer nutrient, the most cost-effective.
One slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer of the present invention and preparation method thereof, feature prominent compared with existing Water soluble fertilizer technology and beneficial effect are:
1, one slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer of the present invention, it is characterized in that making fertilizer water solublity be combined with slow-releasing, by using ion capture agent, dissolved fertilizer dissolves the cation of generation, anion nutrient is collected by ion capture agent, fertilizer is made water miscible to be provided simultaneously with slow-releasing having, solve the technical barrier that fertilizer water solublity cannot play a role simultaneously with slow-releasing, overcome that Water soluble fertilizer nutrient loss in a short time is too fast, can not the defect that utilizes of efficient absorption in the crop short time, reduce loss of chemical fertilizer, improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio.
2, one slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer of the present invention, collects nutrient by ion capture agent and provides transmission channel for plant absorption nutrient, strengthening fertilizer nutrient and enter the ability in plant and speed.
3, one slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer of the present invention, passes through slow release characteristic, it is possible to reduce Water soluble fertilizer fertilizer application frequency.
4, one slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer of the present invention, utilize hydroxide colloid as ionic adsorption main body, not only low cost, and production technology is the most easily-controllable, be suitable for large-scale production and use.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by way of detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in further detail, but this should not being interpreted as, the scope of the present invention is only limitted to Examples below.In the case of without departing from said method thought of the present invention, the various replacements made according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means or change, should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
1
(1) ferric hydroxide colloid, the anionite containing ethylenediamine group, carboxymethyl starch raw material are weighed mixing with mass ratio 10:3:0.5, adding clean water makes it be completely dissolved, add appropriate Borax and be placed in heating hydridization reaction under the conditions of 60-80 DEG C in reactor, response time controls at 30min, utilize ammoniacal liquor to keep reaction to carry out under the weak basic condition that PH is 9, make between ferric hydroxide colloid and anionite, carboxymethyl starch, to form hybrid structure and obtain pulpous state ion capture agent；
(2) ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate are added in the ion capture agent pulpous state liquid that step (1) obtains, wherein the weight portion of ion capture agent is 10 parts, can the weight portion of water-soluble fertilizer it be 90 parts, dispersed with stirring 15min in a kettle., then ageing 2 hours, ion capture agent and Water soluble fertilizer dispersed formation complex；
(3) complex that step (2) obtains is dried by spray-drying installation, obtains slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer.
Embodiment
2
(1) magnesium hydroxide colloidal, cationic ion exchanger raw material containing carboxyl are weighed mixing with mass ratio 15:3, adding clean water makes it be completely dissolved, add appropriate Borax and be placed in heating hydridization reaction under the conditions of 60-80 DEG C in reactor, response time controls at 15min, utilize ammoniacal liquor to keep reaction to carry out under the weak basic condition that PH is 18, make between magnesium hydroxide colloidal and ion-exchanger, to form hybrid structure and obtain pulpous state ion capture agent；
(2) APP, carbamide are added in the ion capture agent pulpous state liquid that step (1) obtains, wherein the weight portion of ion capture agent is 5 parts, can the weight portion of water-soluble fertilizer it be 95 parts, dispersed with stirring 5min in a kettle., then ageing 1 hour, ion capture agent and Water soluble fertilizer dispersed formation complex；
(3) complex that step (2) obtains is dried by spray-drying installation, obtains slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer.
Embodiment
3
(1) zinc hydroxide colloid, the anionite containing trien group, carboxymethyl chitosan raw material are weighed mixing with mass ratio 10::1, adding clean water makes it be completely dissolved, add appropriate Borax and be placed in heating hydridization reaction under the conditions of 60-80 DEG C in reactor, response time controls between 20min, utilize ammoniacal liquor to keep reaction to carry out under weak basic condition, make between zinc hydroxide colloid and ion-exchanger, carboxymethyl chitosan, to form hybrid structure and obtain pulpous state ion capture agent；
(2) potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate are added in the ion capture agent pulpous state liquid that step (1) obtains, wherein the weight portion of ion capture agent is 8 parts, can the weight portion of water-soluble fertilizer it be 92 parts, dispersed with stirring 10min in a kettle., then ageing 1.5 hours, ion capture agent and Water soluble fertilizer dispersed formation complex；
(3) complex that step (2) obtains is dried by spray-drying installation, obtains slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer.
Embodiment
4
(1) ferric hydroxide colloid, the anionite containing trimethylamino propylamine group, carboxymethyl cellulose raw material are weighed mixing with mass ratio 12:3:0.5, adding clean water makes it be completely dissolved, add appropriate Borax and be placed in heating hydridization reaction under the conditions of 60-80 DEG C in reactor, response time controls at 30min, utilize ammoniacal liquor to keep reaction to carry out under weak basic condition, make between ferric hydroxide colloid and ion-exchanger, carboxymethyl cellulose, to form hybrid structure and obtain pulpous state ion capture agent；
(2) can water-soluble fertilizer ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, carbamide, potassium chloride add in step (1) the ion capture agent pulpous state liquid that obtains, wherein the weight portion of ion capture agent is 6 parts, can the weight portion of water-soluble fertilizer it be 94 parts, dispersed with stirring 15min in a kettle., then ageing 2 hours, ion capture agent and Water soluble fertilizer dispersed formation complex；
(3) complex that step (2) obtains is dried by spray-drying installation, obtains slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer.
Embodiment
5
(1) magnesium hydroxide colloidal, the anionite containing dimethylamino propylamine group, the cation exchange resin containing carboxyl, carboxymethyl starch raw material are weighed mixing with mass ratio 11:4:0.2, adding clean water makes it be completely dissolved, add appropriate Borax and be placed in heating hydridization reaction under the conditions of 60-80 DEG C in reactor, response time controls at 30min, utilize ammoniacal liquor to keep reaction to carry out under weak basic condition, make between magnesium hydroxide colloidal and ion-exchanger, carboxymethyl starch, to form hybrid structure and obtain pulpous state ion capture agent；
(2) can water-soluble fertilizer APP, potassium nitrate, carbamide add in step (1) the ion capture agent pulpous state liquid that obtains, wherein the weight portion of ion capture agent is 10 parts, can the weight portion of water-soluble fertilizer it be 90 parts, dispersed with stirring 15min in a kettle., then ageing 2 hours, ion capture agent and Water soluble fertilizer dispersed formation complex；
(3) complex that step (2) obtains is dried by spray-drying installation, obtains slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer.
The slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer obtained by the present embodiment is tested, and test result is as follows:
Claims (7)
1. a slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer, it is characterized in that by ion capture agent with can form by water-soluble fertilizer, can in water dispersing and dissolving, meet the fertigation of water-fertilizer integral, sprinkler irrigation fertilization, preferred weight portion composition is as follows:
Can water-soluble fertilizer
90-95 part,
Ion capture agent
5-10 part,
Described can the carbamide of the preferred favorable solubility of water-soluble fertilizer, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, APP, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride；nullDescribed ion capture agent is to be formed with ion-exchanger hydridization by hydroxide colloid，Anion after making Water soluble fertilizer dissolve is or/and cation is captured，Concrete preparation method is: by hydroxide colloid、Ion-exchanger、Carboxymethyl raw material weighs mixing with mass ratio 10-15:3-5:0-1，Adding clean water makes it be completely dissolved，Add appropriate Borax and be placed in heating hydridization reaction under the conditions of 60-80 DEG C in reactor，Response time controls between 15min-30min，Ammoniacal liquor is utilized to keep reaction to carry out under weak basic condition，Make to be formed between hydroxide colloid and ion-exchanger hybrid structure，Wherein，Hydroxide colloid selects hydrated ferric oxide.、Magnesium hydroxide、At least one in zinc hydroxide，Weak-acid cation-exchange resin selected by ion-exchanger、At least one in weak-base anion-exchange resin.
A kind of slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that described weak-acid cation-exchange resin preferably comprises the weak-acid cation-exchange resin of carboxylic group.
A kind of slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that described weak-base anion-exchange resin preferably comprises ethylenediamine group, diethylenetriamines group, trien group, dimethylamino propylamine group, trimethylamino propylamine group, at least one anion exchange resin of dimethyl hydroxy ethyl propylamine group.
A kind of slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in described hydroxide colloid and ion-exchanger hydridization, introduce carboxymethyl and can improve the affinity to cation, thus improve the capture ability to Water soluble fertilizer cationic, the source of carboxymethyl can be selected at least one in carboxymethyl starch, carboxymethyl chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose.
5., according to a kind of slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer described in any one of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that described slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer is prepared from by the following method:
(1) hydroxide colloid, ion-exchanger, carboxymethyl raw material are weighed mixing with mass ratio 10-15:3-5:0-1, adding clean water makes it be completely dissolved, add appropriate Borax and be placed in heating hydridization reaction under the conditions of 60-80 DEG C in reactor, response time controls between 15min-30min, utilize ammoniacal liquor to keep reaction to carry out under weak basic condition, make between hydroxide colloid and ion-exchanger, to form hybrid structure and obtain pulpous state ion capture agent；
(2) can add in the ion capture agent pulpous state liquid that step (1) obtains by water-soluble fertilizer, wherein the weight portion of ion capture agent is 5-10 part, can the weight portion of water-soluble fertilizer be 90-95 part, dispersed with stirring 5min-15min in a kettle., then ageing 1-2 hour, ion capture agent and Water soluble fertilizer dispersed formation complex；
(3) complex that step (2) obtains is dried by spray-drying installation, obtains slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer.
A kind of slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer, it is characterized in that: in preparation method, reactor described in step (1), (2) uses high-speed stirred, mixing speed controls at 500-800r/min, built-in stirring blade leaf uses orbital, makes hydroxide link with ion-exchanger hydridization by the crosslinking of atwirl blade stirring and Borax.
A kind of slow-releasing Water soluble fertilizer, it is characterised in that: in preparation method, the appropriate Borax of addition described in step (1), the addition of Borax is the 0.5-1% of hydroxide colloid quality.
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| CN106116951A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-11-16 | 苏州市泰盛农业科技有限公司 | A kind of nutritional solution for Gorgon fruit plantation and preparation method thereof |
| CN107778076A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-09 | 河北施可丰生物科技有限公司 | A kind of plant source ion penetration fertilizer technology |
| CN112279716A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-01-29 | 彭玲玲 | Environment-friendly compound fertilizer with slow release function and preparation method thereof |
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| JP2009091432A (en) * | 2007-10-05 | 2009-04-30 | Kao Corp | Allergen scavenger |
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Effective date of registration: 20180112 Address after: Longhua 516122 Guangdong province Huizhou city Boluo County town village Zhang Wei Yan Di Group Yuling Patentee after: Huizhou nurse Land Agricultural Science Co., Ltd. Address before: Qingyang District of Chengdu City, Sichuan province 610091 Dragon Industrial Port East Road 4 Patentee before: Chengdu Xinkeli Chemical Sci-Tech Co., Ltd. |