A kind of water soluble composite fertilizer synergistic agent and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to fertilizer synergistic field, be specifically related to a kind of water soluble composite fertilizer synergistic agent with and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
When using fertilizer, by increasing the nutrient that fertile amount can provide the plants such as N, P, K required.But the fertilizer nutrient be manured into soil only has part to be really absorbed by plants, and sizable a part of nutrient is not absorbed, but enters underground water or evaporate in air.Therefore, the simple excessive fertilization that relies on increases fertilizer efficiency, not only causes the waste of fertilizer, and can cause environmental pollution.Slow-release fertilizer prevents fertilizer efficiency to run off by slow releasing, but due to fertilizer efficiency slow, take effect slow, the demand of high-efficiency agriculture cannot be adapted to.In recent years, water soluble fertilizer obtained and developed fast.
Water soluble fertilizer (Water Soluble Fertilizer) is a kind of multielement compound fertilizer that can be dissolved in water completely, relative to non-fully water-soluble fertilizer and slowly-releasing kinds such as traditional calcium superphosphate, granulated compound fertilizers, due to its have instant, specific absorption is high, instant effect, without residue, use the remarkable advantages such as convenient, obtains swift and violent development.Especially when the environment protection be on the rise brought in the face of Greenhouse effect and water resources shortage; drip irrigation system, spray sprinkling irrigation etc. there is remarkable water saving, save the novel fertilizer application mode of fertile function and start to be widely applied, the person that the makes agricultural fertilizer basic change to the noegenesis of fertilizer.Water soluble composite fertilizer is as the main flow of current fertigation, although can economize on water, save fertilizer, save man-hour, but because Water soluble fertilizer forms by the water soluble fertilizer of different performance is composite, when fertilizer compatibility because of the difference of physics, chemical property, cause fertilizer efficiency to reduce or loss.Such as, acid-base reaction can or can not be there is, replacement(metathesis)reaction generation precipitation can or can not occur, complex reaction etc. can or can not occur.In addition, due to the impact of alkaline soil, ammonium nitrogen easily volatilizees under alkaline environment, particularly can reach more than 50 degree in surface temperature, more easily causes the volatilization of ammonium nitrogen.Soluble phosphate can with soil in the calcium of solubilized form or iron ion form calcium phosphate precipitation, thus phosphorus is fixed, loses the meaning of Water soluble fertilizer.Moreover if the water-soluble rear plant of water soluble composite fertilizer can not absorb in time, the nutrients such as solubility nitrate radical, potassium ion then can permeate the ground, and not only cause fertilizer efficiency to lose, and can pollute underground water.Therefore, along with water soluble composite fertilizer is in the extensive application of fertigation, how improving fertilizer efficiency and preventing fertilizer efficiency to run off becomes the lifting utilization ratio of water soluble composite fertilizer and the key of quality.
Chinese invention patent CN101298399B discloses a kind of aqueous compound fertilizer synergistic agent and Synthesis and applications thereof, this invention composition comprise DCD(Dyhard RU 100), ATC(4-aminotriazole), NBPT(N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoryl triamide) S-80(sorbitan fatty acid fat), improve fertilizer validity by nitrification inhibitor and urease inhibitors.
Chinese invention patent CN 102491829B discloses a kind of nitrogen fertilizer synergist composition, and its composition comprises poly-aspartic-acid, quinhydrones, Dyhard RU 100, and this invention can improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, energy Promoting plant growth, improve plant stress-resistance ability.
Chinese invention patent CN 102515959 B discloses a kind of water-soluble polymer synergistic agent for chemical fertilizer, this fertilizer synergistic agent comprises guar gum, the non-ionic polyacrylamide of 20%-30%, the polyacrylic acid potassium of 20%-30%, the polysilicon acid potassium of 20%-30% of 10%-20%, water-soluble polymer synergistic agent obviously can increase the transmission speed of phosphorus in soil and transmission range, reduce the probability that phosphorus is fixed, improve water retention property and the fertilizer conservation performance of soil.
Chinese invention patent CN101823914A discloses a kind of preparation method of quick-acting synergist for fertilizer, 2.4-dinitrophenol(DNP) sodium, a-Nafusaku, butyric acid potassium, polyglutamic acid, 6-benzyl aminopurine, 2-methoxyl group-5-nitrophenols pulverize and sieve and reach 20-60 order powdery or particulate state by the method in proportion, and the potassium hydroxide or the sodium hydroxide that add 0.1-5% obtain.The object of fertilizer synergistic is reached by plant-growth regulator.
Above-mentioned patent, in order to prevent the volatilization loss of nitrogen, carry out stable nitrogen mainly through adding nitrogen fixation agent such as urease inhibitors and nitrification inhibitor at present, thus promote fertilizer efficiency, but due to urease inhibitors and nitrification inhibitor very easily polluted-water, therefore nitrogen fixation technology faces new challenges.In order to prevent inactivation, the seepage of the water-soluble rear nutrient of water soluble composite fertilizer, increasing the transmission of phosphorus to prevent inactivation mainly through the isolation increasing water-soluble polymer, but dissolving and the absorption of other nutrients in composite fertilizer can be affected.Even existing fertilizer synergist relies on plant-growth regulator to reach the object of synergy, a large amount of use plant-growth regulator is also worthless, if because the excessive use of plant-growth regulator or blindly use, the danger taken in by human body can be caused, affect growth in humans and grow.
Water soluble composite fertilizer is different from the chemical fertilizer of single nutrient; N, P, K containing solubility and other medium trace element; good water-soluble owing to ensure that; therefore Water soluble fertilizer is usually better active; but directly cause N element more volatile; P element hardens with the divalent-metal ion that the form of phosphate radical is easier in soil thus loses activity, and K ion then more easily leaks out to underground water.Exactly because the processable of water soluble composite fertilizer, fertilizer efficiency is more easily caused to run off.Different in mechanism due to above nutrient loss, therefore cannot ensure that multiple nutrient is well absorbed by plant simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
For the defect of water soluble composite fertilizer plain easily fixing, the plain easy to leak of K of volatile, the P of N element in use of current complicated component, the invention provides a kind of water soluble composite fertilizer synergistic agent, this water soluble composite fertilizer synergistic agent is the tiny gels particle be polymerized by inorganic matrix and carboxylic acid, amide material, with tiny gels particle form rapid dispersion in water, its can adsorb and carry in water soluble composite fertilizer N element, P is plain, K is plain, and be attached to plant root, local microcirculation system is provided, impel plant to nutrition absorption, prevent nutrient loss.Further aim of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of this water soluble composite fertilizer synergistic agent.
A kind of water soluble composite fertilizer synergistic agent, is characterized in that, for a kind of inorganic polymeric gel subparticle, being made up of following weight part:
Inorganic matrix 50-60 part,
Carboxylic acid 25-30 part,
Amide material 5-15 part,
Catalyzer 3-5 part,
Tackifier 1-3 part,
Amino acid compound 0.5-1 part,
Wherein, described inorganic matrix is at least one in the silica gel of gel-type, kaolin, attapulgite, diatomite, sodium bentonite, lithium magnesium silicate; Described carboxylic acid is monocarboxylic acid or di-carboxylic acid, wherein, monocarboxylic acid is at least one in phenylformic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, paratolunitrile, p-nitrobenzoic acid, and di-carboxylic acid is at least one in succinic acid, pentanedioic acid, hexanodioic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, nonane diacid, sebacic acid, tartrate, oxysuccinic acid; Described amide material is at least one in urea, methane amide, ethanamide; Described catalyzer is at least one in Sulfothiorine, sodium bisulfite, Potassium hydrogen sulfite, S-WAT; Described tackifier are at least one in cyclodextrin, Vltra tears, acrylamide; Described aminocarboxylic acid compound is at least one in 1,2-diaminoethanes tetraacethyl, ethylenediamine disuccinic acid compound, diethylene triaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA) compound, HEDTA compound.
A kind of water soluble composite fertilizer synergistic agent of the present invention, is characterized in that preparation method carries out in the following manner:
(1) by the inorganic matrix of 50-60 weight part under whipped state, the suspension making concentration 10-20wt% is stirred by microwave oscillation, then add phosphoric acid salt and carry out dispersion 20-30min, described phosphoric acid salt is the one in Sodium hexametaphosphate 99, tripoly phosphate sodium STPP, trisodium phosphate, and add-on is the 0.2-0.5% of inorganic matrix quality;
(2) under 60-80 DEG C of condition, by step 1) carboxylic acid of the suspension that obtains and 25-30 weight part carries out stirring acidification 1-2h, then displays 24-48h;
(3) by step 2) amide material of the acidulants that obtains and 5-15 weight part, 3-5 part by weight of catalyst be polymerized in a kettle., reactor polymerizing condition is: pressure 5-7MPa, temperature 80-100 DEG C, blade stirring speed 100-200rpm, stirring reaction time 30-60min, make acidifying inorganic matrix and amide material be polymerized to polyaminocarboxylic acid inorganic materials, be then filtered dry;
(4) by 1-3 weight part tackifier, 0.5-1 weight amino acid compound and step 3) in dispersion machine, carry out dispersion coated for the polyaminocarboxylic acid inorganic materials that obtains, dispersion rotating speed 1000-1200 rpm, jitter time controls at 3-5min, under Mechanosensitive channels, tackifier, amino acid compound are attached to polyaminocarboxylic acid particulate inorganic material surface, obtain a kind of water soluble composite fertilizer synergistic agent.
Reactor described in above-mentioned preparation process (3) is general withstand voltage reactor, is wherein provided with planet stirring mechanism, stirring mechanism by stirring rake, dispersion pulp, scrape wall starch form, reactor inwall is erosion resistance enamel.
Dispersing apparatus described in above-mentioned preparation process (4) is the fine machine of three chamber continous way eddy airstreams, by the centrifugal tangential force that atwirl impeller produces, make tackifier, amino acid compound and polyaminocarboxylic acid inorganic materials in chamber with stationary knife hard hit thus fully contact, disperse, coated, the tiny gels grain graininess < 5 μm obtained.
The present invention is polymerized with acid amides by inorganic matrix material acidifying, the polymer-inorganic material obtained is a kind of tiny gels particle, have huge legendary turtle close efficacy of adsorption, can enrichment, adsorb multiple chemical fertilizer nutrient, all have absorptive collection to ammonia, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate radical, Leaching Properties of Soluble Phosphorus, potassium ion.The performance of its excellence be can in water rapid dispersion, loading capacity is large, and after plant root enrichment nutrient, along with plant is to the absorption of nutrient, nutrient easily departs from.Effectively can stop ammonium nitrogen volatilization, nitric nitrogen runs off, phosphorus element precipitation is solidified, soil K loss by erosion, be suitable for the synergy of water soluble composite fertilizer, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, increase fertilizer efficiency, stop fertilizer to the pollution of environment.
Water soluble composite fertilizer synergistic agent 5% of the present invention is mixed rear fertilising with water soluble composite fertilizer 95%, water soluble composite fertilizer selects nutrient content to be 25-20-10, include ammonium nitrogen, nitric nitrogen, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate composition, carry out fertilizer efficiency synergy test, test result is as follows:
By test result, use synergistic agent of the present invention obviously can increase the fertilizer efficiency of water soluble composite fertilizer, be in particular in: corn per mu yield improves 13%; Soil testing after 90 days, total soil nitrogen cellulose content, higher than the soil not adding synergistic agent, has good fixed nitrogen; Insoluble phosphorus content, lower than the soil not adding synergistic agent, increases obviously to the short work of phosphorus and absorptivity; Content of soluble potassium is higher than the soil not adding synergistic agent, obvious to preventing potassium lost effect, can reduce fertilizer application amount more than 30%.Be a kind of collect chelating, absorption, fixed nitrogen, be transmitted in one Water soluble fertilizer synergistic agent.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram that a kind of water soluble composite fertilizer synergistic agent of the present invention adopts when preparing.
A kind of water soluble composite fertilizer synergistic agent of the present invention and preparation method thereof, compared with prior art outstanding feature and useful effect are:
1, a kind of water soluble composite fertilizer synergistic agent of the present invention, be polymerized with acid amides by the inorganic matrix material acidifying of gel-type, obtain a kind of tiny gels particle, can in water rapid dispersion, there is huge legendary turtle and close efficacy of adsorption, can enrichment, absorption many in chemical fertilizer nutrient, all have absorptive collection to ammonia, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate radical, Leaching Properties of Soluble Phosphorus, potassium ion.Avoid that N element is volatile simultaneously, the defect of plain easily fixing, the plain easy to leak of K of P, water soluble composite fertilizer fertilizer efficiency is significantly promoted, fertile more than 30% can be saved.
2, a kind of water soluble composite fertilizer synergistic agent of the present invention, can Large Copacity absorption nutrient, and after plant root enrichment nutrient, along with plant is to the absorption of nutrient, nutrient very easily departs from, conveying successful, and Remained mass can chessom, can not pollute soil.
3, the preparation method of a kind of water soluble composite fertilizer synergistic agent of the present invention, utilize gel-type inorganic matrix as reactive matrix, not only cost is low, and the reaction times has been got well in shortening, and preparation process is briefly efficient, and no waste is discharged, and is applicable to large-scale production.
Embodiment
Below by way of embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but this should be interpreted as scope of the present invention is only limitted to following example.When not departing from aforesaid method thought of the present invention, the various replacement made according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means or change, all should be within the scope of the present invention.
embodiment 1
(1) by 50 weight part silica gel under whipped state, stirred by microwave oscillation and make the suspension of concentration 10wt%, then add the tripoly phosphate sodium STPP dispersion 20-30min of silica gel quality 0.2%;
(2) under 65 DEG C of conditions, by step 1) acetic acid of the silica gel suspension that obtains and 25 weight parts carries out stirring acidification 1h, then displays 24h;
(3) by step 2) methane amide of the acidulants that obtains and 5 weight parts, 3 part by weight of catalyst Sulfothiorine are polymerized in enamel reaction still, reactor polymerizing condition is: pressure 5MPa, temperature 100 DEG C, blade stirring speed 150rpm, stirring reaction time 30min, make acidifying silica gel and methane amide be polymerized to polyaminocarboxylic acid silica gel, be then filtered dry;
(4) by 1 weight part alpha-cylodextrin, 0.5 weight ethylenediamine disuccinic acid compound and step 3) in the fine machine of three chamber continous way eddy airstreams, carry out dispersion coated for the polyaminocarboxylic acid silica gel material that obtains, dispersion rotating speed 1000-1200 rpm, jitter time controls at 3min, under Mechanosensitive channels, tackifier, amino acid compound are attached to polyaminocarboxylic acid silica particle surface, obtain a kind of water soluble composite fertilizer synergistic agent.
embodiment 2
(1) by the attapulgite of 55 weight parts under whipped state, stirred by microwave oscillation and make the suspension of concentration 10wt%, the trisodium phosphate then adding Attapulgite 0.5% carries out dispersion 25min;
(2) under 80 DEG C of conditions, by step 1) pimelic acid of the suspension that obtains and 30 weight parts carries out stirring acidification 2h, then displays 48h;
(3) by step 2) urea of the acidulants that obtains and 10 weight parts, 5 part by weight of catalyst sodium bisulfites are polymerized in enamel reaction still, reactor polymerizing condition is: pressure 7MPa, temperature 85 DEG C, blade stirring speed 200rpm, stirring reaction time 60min, make acidifying inorganic matrix and urea material be polymerized to polyaminocarboxylic acid inorganic materials, be then filtered dry;
(4) by 2 parts by weight propylene acid amides, 1 weight diethylene triaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA) compound and step 3) in the fine machine of three chamber continous way eddy airstreams, carry out dispersion coated for the polyaminocarboxylic acid Attapulgite that obtains, dispersion rotating speed 1200 rpm, jitter time controls at 5min, under Mechanosensitive channels, tackifier, amino acid compound are attached to polyaminocarboxylic acid Attapulgite microparticle surfaces, obtain a kind of water soluble composite fertilizer synergistic agent.
Apply fertilizer after the water soluble composite fertilizer synergistic agent 3% embodiment 2 obtained mixes with composite fertilizer's (primary ammonium phosphate+saltpetre) 97%, composite fertilizer's nutrient content is 15-25-20, include ammonium nitrogen, nitric nitrogen, dihydrogen phosphate, potassium ion composition, carry out fertilizer efficiency synergy test, test result is as follows:
By test result, use the embodiment of the present invention 2 synergistic agent, can significantly improve output of cotton 17-18%, synergism is obvious.
embodiment 3
(1) by the lithium magnesium silicate of 60 weight parts under whipped state, stirred by microwave oscillation and make the suspension of concentration 10wt%, the Sodium hexametaphosphate 99 then adding lithium magnesium silicate quality 0.3% carries out dispersion 20min;
(2) under 70 DEG C of conditions, by step 1) succinic acid of the suspension that obtains and 25 weight parts carries out stirring acidification 1.5, then display 24h;
(3) by step 2) ethanamide of the acidulants that obtains and 15 weight parts, 4 part by weight of catalyst S-WATs are polymerized in a kettle., reactor polymerizing condition is: pressure 6MPa, temperature 80-100 DEG C, blade stirring speed 100-200rpm, stirring reaction time 35min, make acidifying inorganic matrix and ethanamide material be polymerized to polyaminocarboxylic acid lithium magnesium silicate, be then filtered dry;
(4) by 3 weight part Vltra tearss, 0.5 weight HEDTA compound and step 3) in dispersion machine, carry out dispersion coated for the polyaminocarboxylic acid inorganic materials that obtains, dispersion rotating speed 1000-1200 rpm, jitter time controls at 3-5min, under Mechanosensitive channels, tackifier, amino acid compound are attached to polyaminocarboxylic acid particulate inorganic material surface, obtain a kind of water soluble composite fertilizer synergistic agent.
embodiment 4
(1) by the diatomite of 55 weight parts under whipped state, stirred by microwave oscillation and make the suspension of concentration 20wt%, the tripoly phosphate sodium STPP then adding diatomite quality 0.55 carries out dispersion 30min;
(2) under 65 DEG C of conditions, by step 1) p-nitrobenzoic acid of the suspension that obtains and 25 weight parts carries out stirring acidification 2h, then displays 30h;
(3) by step 2) urea of the acidulants that obtains and 12 weight parts, 5 part by weight of catalyst Potassium hydrogen sulfites are polymerized in a kettle., reactor polymerizing condition is: pressure 5.5MPa, temperature 80-100 DEG C, blade stirring speed 100-200rpm, stirring reaction time 45min, make acidifying inorganic matrix and amide material be polymerized to polyaminocarboxylic acid inorganic materials, be then filtered dry;
(4) by 1 weight part γ-cyclodextrin, 1 weight 1,2-diaminoethanes tetraacethyl and step 3) in dispersion machine, carry out dispersion coated for the polyaminocarboxylic acid inorganic materials that obtains, dispersion rotating speed 1000-1200 rpm, jitter time controls at 3-5min, under Mechanosensitive channels, tackifier, amino acid compound are attached to polyaminocarboxylic acid particulate inorganic material surface, obtain a kind of water soluble composite fertilizer synergistic agent.
embodiment 5
(1) by the sodium bentonite of 50 weight parts under whipped state, stirred by microwave oscillation and make the suspension of concentration 16wt%, the trisodium phosphate then adding sodium bentonite quality 0.35% carries out dispersion 25min;
(2) under 80 DEG C of conditions, by step 1) oxysuccinic acid of the suspension that obtains and 30 weight parts carries out stirring acidification 1.5h, then displays 48h;
(3) by step 2) methane amide of the acidulants that obtains and 5 weight parts, 3 part by weight of catalyst sodium bisulfites are polymerized in enamel reaction still, reactor polymerizing condition is: pressure 6MPa, temperature 100 DEG C, blade stirring speed 200rpm, stirring reaction time 60min, make acidifying inorganic matrix and amide material be polymerized to polyaminocarboxylic acid inorganic materials, be then filtered dry;
(4) by 3 weight part Vltra tearss, 0.8 weight ethylenediamine disuccinic acid compound and step 3) in dispersion machine, carry out dispersion coated for the polyaminocarboxylic acid inorganic materials that obtains, dispersion rotating speed 1000-1200 rpm, jitter time controls at 5min, under Mechanosensitive channels, tackifier, amino acid compound are attached to polyaminocarboxylic acid particulate inorganic material surface, obtain a kind of water soluble composite fertilizer synergistic agent.