CN103843702B - A kind of method of indoor culture soft shell mud crab - Google Patents
A kind of method of indoor culture soft shell mud crab Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of indoor culture soft shell mud crab, the soft shell mud crab breeding method labour intensity solving prior art is large, and is unfavorable for that mud crab shells, and mud crab lethality is high, the problem that rate of body weight gain is little, comprises the following steps: (1) cultivates the selection in pond; (2) selection of crab is cultivated; (3) sterilization in pond is cultivated; (4) input of crab is cultivated; (5) cultivation of soft crab.Breeding method step of the present invention is simple; greatly can reduce labour intensity, be applicable to large-scale production, by the Optimal improvements to cultivating condition and manufactured feed; can make mud crab fast well-fattened, weightening finish; accumulate enough nutriments, promote mud crab shelling, improve survival rate; shorten the cultivation period of soft shell mud crab; and the survival rate of soft shell mud crab is high, rate of body weight gain is large, is conducive to improving culture benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aquaculture, especially relate to a kind of method of indoor culture soft shell mud crab.
Background technology
Mud crab, be called for short mud crab, there is the features such as fast, individual large, the adaptability of growth and resistance against diseases is strong, easily transport, meat flavour is delicious, nutritious, culture benefit is good, be quite subject to the favor of domestic and international producers and consumers, one of economic cultivated crabs class of the important marine for China.
Soft shell mud crab refers to the mud crab just shelled, and soft shell mud crab without the need to peeling off, can be with shell to eat when edible, and edible more convenient health, not only remains the local flavor of substance crab, and nutriment more horn of plenty.Present soft shell mud crab is deeply by consumers both domestic and external, and supply falls short of demand for product.From long term growth angle, it is a kind of development trend that crab cultivates that the industrialization of soft shell mud crab is produced.
The Chinese patent of Authorization Notice No. CN101946739B, authorized announcement date 2013.3.20 discloses a kind of soft-shell blue crabs artificial culturing method, and its key step is: mud crab is divided into 3 large classes: select the cultivation object of the 1st and the 2nd class mud crab as soft crab; Only put in a crab pot by single for the 1st class mud crab, 3 ~ 5 crab pots stack ties up into one group, puts in a suitable place to breed in groups and carries out concentrating cultivation in cultivation pond; Nurturing period, whole group of crab pot is moved in the black bucket or little Chi adding natural shelling element every day and soak; Then mud crab moved into soaking disinfection in aqua calcis and promote calcium absorption and shelling, after immersion, mud crab being put again in a suitable place to breed original cultivation pond; The mud crab just shelled is selected in time and is shifted out, carry out low temperature and benumb fresh and alive preservation or freezen protective; 2nd class mud crab colony raises together with and cultivates in pond at one, treats that the shelling cycle of the 2nd class mud crab enters the 1st class mud crab state, mud crab is selected immigration crab pot, cultivates and becomes soft crab.The weak point of this soft-shell blue crabs breeding method is: the salinity of (1) water body is 10 ‰ ~ 25 ‰, and too high in salinity can extend the shelling cycle of mud crab, (2) need whole group of crab pot be moved in the black bucket adding natural shelling element or soak in little Chi every day, and then mud crab moved into soaking disinfection in aqua calcis and promotes calcium absorption and shelling, mud crab is put again in a suitable place to breed original cultivation pond again after immersion, first, frequent mobile crab pot can improve labour intensity greatly, secondly, frequent mobile crab pot can cause intense stimulus to mud crab, affect its shelling, even cause shelling unsuccessful and dead, be lowered into motility rate, (3) mud crab only has nutrient accumulation to a certain extent, endocrine system could be stimulated to secrete enough shelling hormones and to complete de-hulling process, adopt shelling cellulose solution to soak in this breeding method and promote mud crab shelling, in slaked lime, soak the absorption promoting calcium simultaneously, but improvement is not made to feed and feeding method, make mud crab not accumulate enough nutrition just to shell, and this can cause shelling not smooth, even if shell smoothly, also can be dead or individual weight gain is not obvious because of malnutritive, affect culture benefit, and the mode mud crab adopting shelling cellulose solution to soak effectively can not absorb shelling element, shelling can be caused on the contrary disorderly, in addition, the solvability of slaked lime in water is low, and easily generate precipitation, not easily absorbed by crab body.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is that the soft shell mud crab breeding method labour intensity in order to solve prior art is large; and being unfavorable for that mud crab shells, mud crab lethality is high, the problem that rate of body weight gain is little; provide a kind of method of indoor culture soft shell mud crab; method step of the present invention is simple, greatly can reduce labour intensity, is applicable to large-scale production; by the Optimal improvements to cultivating condition and manufactured feed; the survival rate of soft shell mud crab is high, and rate of body weight gain is large, is conducive to improving culture benefit.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A method for indoor culture soft shell mud crab, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection in pond is cultivated
Adopt indoor water mud sump as cultivation pond, Chi Shui pH is 7.8 ~ 8.6, and salinity is 6 ~ 7 ‰, and the depth of water is 50 ~ 60cm, dissolved oxygen>=5g/m
3, water temperature is 20 ~ 25 DEG C, ammonia nitrogen≤0.4mg/L, hydrogen sulphide≤0.1 mg/L, and cultivate in pond and be equipped with breeding box, breeding box is with 5 ~ 6/m
2scale be shelved on raft formula framework.Cultivation pond of the present invention condition is the key point of cultivating soft shell mud crab, and wherein, salinity controls 6 ~ 7 ‰, and water temperature is 20 ~ 25 DEG C, and the shelling cycle of mud crab can shorten, and food ration can improve, and is conducive to the increase of body weight and the accumulation of nutriment.
(2) selection of crab is cultivated
Select the mud crab of body weight >=200g to become crab as cultivation crab, require that the shell cultivating crab is hard, look blue or green, appendage is complete, without wound, be quick on the draw, energetic.The mud crab selected in the present invention is the one-tenth crab of sign of not shelling, and to ensure the consistent of shelling time, is convenient to large-scale cultivation soft crab.
(3) sterilization in pond is cultivated
Disinfectant of splashing in cultivation pond carries out disinfection to cultivation pond, and disinfecting time is 24 ~ 48h, uses seawater flushing 2 ~ 3 times after sterilization, and water inlet leaves standstill 3 ~ 5 days, stand-by.
(4) input of crab is cultivated
Cultivation Chi Shuizhong after sterilization adds potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride, after making the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride in the water of pond all reach 10 ~ 15mg/L, in each breeding box, throws in 1 mud crab.The present invention directly adds potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride in the water of cultivation pond, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride dissolubility good, be convenient to absorb calcium and phosphorus ions in the direct water of crab body, while guarantee crab physical efficiency effectively absorbs calcium and phosphorus ions, minimum level is down to by the stimulation of mud crab, to be conducive to its shelling, to throw in 1 mud crab in each breeding box, can avoid killing each other and reducing stress reaction.
(5) cultivation of soft crab
After cultivating crab input, fasting in 1st ~ 2 days, the 3rd day starts manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding, wherein, 3rd ~ 7 days, in every day at dusk 17:00 ~ 18:00 throw something and feed once, day feeding volume be 3 ~ 5% of mud crab gross weight, 8th day starts, the morning 8:00 ~ 9:00 respectively throw something and feed once with at dusk 17:00 ~ 18:00, the morning, feeding volume was 3 ~ 5% of mud crab gross weight, and feeding volume is 8 ~ 10% of mud crab gross weight at dusk, throw something and feed continuously and within 4 ~ 6 days, stop to feed 1 day, circulation is thrown something and fed until shell according to this; Nurturing period, changed water 1/3 ~ 1/2 every 3 ~ 4 days, supplement potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride after changing water, make the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride in the water of pond all maintain original content.The present invention is according to the eating habit of mud crab and nutritional need, combine biological compensation mechanism again and adjusting and optimizing has been carried out to the mode of throwing something and feeding of feed and feeding volume, after mud crab is thrown in, stress situation can be in because environment changes, food ration greatly reduces, if carry out throwing something and feeding feed at once after input, can produce a large amount of residual baits, cause the waste of bait, therefore the present invention forbids feeding in 1st ~ 2 days after mud crab is thrown in; Within 3rd ~ 7 days, throw something and feed continuously, every day throws something and feeds once at dusk, conforms gradually and manufactured feed to make mud crab; 8th day starts, after mud crab adapts to completely, utilize the hungry compensatory growth mechanism of mud crab, the mode of being interrupted and throwing something and feeding is adopted while the feedstuff feeding amount increasing every day and number of times of throwing something and feeding, under the prerequisite improving efficiency of feed utilization, to make the nutriment that mud crab fast well-fattened weightening finish accumulation is enough, under the prerequisite ensureing survival rate, mud crab can be shelled fast, thus shorten cultivation period.
As preferably, described disinfectant is the quicklime of 300 ~ 320ppm or the bleaching powder of 200 ~ 220 ppm.
As preferably, in step (4), mud crab is disinfection before input, and the concrete grammar of the process of sterilization is: embathe 2 ~ 5h with the saline solution of 3 ~ 5%, embathe 20 ~ 30min with 10 ~ 12mg/L Eusol, or embathe 20 ~ 30min with 20 ~ 25mg/L liquor potassic permanganate.
As preferably, in step (5), change water in the morning 5:00 ~ 7:00 carry out.Morning 5:00 ~ 7:00, mud crab generally can not shell during this period of time, and be located at during this period of time first time throw raise before, minimum degree can be down to by changing the stimulation of water to mud crab, substantially can not affect its feed with shelling.
As preferably, described manufactured feed is made up of the component of following weight portion: fish meal 35 ~ 40 parts, blood meal 10 ~ 15 parts, shrimp head powder 5 ~ 10 parts, soy bean powder 20 ~ 25 parts, peanut meal 10 ~ 15 parts, brewer's yeast 3 ~ 5 parts, wheat germ powder 5 ~ 10 parts, 3 ~ 5 parts, fish oil, tanimoto powder 3 ~ 5 parts, 5 ~ 10 parts, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1 ~ 3 part, shelling element 0.1 ~ 0.2 part, butylated hydroxy anisole 0.01 ~ 0.03 part, dibutyl hydroxy toluene 0.01 ~ 0.03 part, weighting agent 1 ~ 3 part, composite feeding promoting agent 1 ~ 3 part, compound vitamin additive 0.3 ~ 0.5 part, complex mineral quality additive 0.1 ~ 0.3 part.The present invention is optimized improvement to compound feed prescription, nutrition is enhanced for one-tenth crab, improve the content of animal protein in feed, and improve palatability and the phagostimulating effect of feed, each component is more easily assimilated by crab body, wherein, wheat germ powder is mainly used in fortified feed nutrition and improves palatability; Tanimoto powder mainly as binding agent, the water-tolerant of feed; Rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis powder can improve the anti-stress ability of crab body, and can promote digestion and metabolism, is conducive to the growth of crab body; Butylated hydroxy anisole and dibutyl hydroxy toluene coordinated, can improve the keeping quality of feed, can also prevent the inefficacy of bait; Weighting agent digests and assimilates efficiency for improving crab body to feed, make its fast weightening finish fatten.Compound feed prescription in the present invention is reasonable, and palatability is good with phagostimulating effect, and absorption easy to digest, can promote crab bulk-growth, makes it increase weight fast and fattens.
As preferably, described weighting agent is mixed by xylo-oligosaccharide, cholesterol, tangerine peel powder, citric acid, bromelain, bacillus licheniformis, in weighting agent, the mass percentage of each component is: xylo-oligosaccharide 0.1 ~ 0.3%, cholesterol 5 ~ 10%, citric acid 1 ~ 3%, bromelain 1 ~ 3%, bacillus licheniformis 0.1 ~ 0.3%, tangerine peel powder surplus.In weighting agent, can produce after xylo-oligosaccharide and bacillus licheniformis enter crab body enteron aisle and act synergistically, xylo-oligosaccharide can be hydrolyzed by the glycosidase that bacillus licheniformis secretes on the one hand, generate the material such as monose, volatile fatty acid by crab body direct effect, xylo-oligosaccharide can as the carbon source of bacillus licheniformis on the other hand, promote beneficial microorganism propagation, promote that crab body absorbs calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and B family vitamin can be synthesized, thus promoting the quick weightening finish of crab body, gaining effect is obvious especially; Cholesterol can improve Activity of Digestive Enzymes in Intestine and nutrient apparent digestibility, promotes the weightening finish of crab body; Citric acid can promote gastric secretion, and the secretion of the enzyme that directly stimulates digestion, whets the appetite, and can reduce intestines and stomach pH value, improves digestive enzyme activity, is conducive to crab body digesting and assimilating feed, promotes the growth of crab body; Bromelain effectively can improve mud crab to the availability of protein and conversion ratio, is conducive to putting on weight; Tangerine peel powder can promote to ingest, and enhancement is digested and assimilated.Weighting agent in the present invention can improve the food ration of mud crab and the absorption rate to manufactured feed, thus can make that mud crab is fast well-fattened, weightening finish, accumulates enough nutriments, promotes mud crab shelling, improve survival rate, shorten cultivation period.
As preferably, described composite feeding promoting agent is mixed by Kelp Powder, scallop powder, fish soluble slurry protein powder, albumen local flavor element, and in composite feeding promoting agent, the mass percentage of each component is: scallop powder 10 ~ 15%, albumen local flavor element 5 ~ 10%, fish soluble slurry protein powder 5 ~ 10%, Kelp Powder surplus.Each component in the present invention in composite feeding promoting agent is natural materials, not only has good phagostimulating effect, and is is easily digested and assimilated by crab body, can play the effect of nutrition fortifier, supplements the nutrition of crab body further.
As preferably, in every 1000g compound vitamin additive, containing 10 ~ 15g vitamin A, 3 ~ 5g vitamin D, 10 ~ 15g vitamin E, 10 ~ 15g Cobastab
1, 5 ~ 8g Cobastab
2, 5 ~ 8g Cobastab
3, 9 ~ 12g Cobastab
5, 9 ~ 12g Cobastab
6, 3 ~ 5g Cobastab
7, 2 ~ 5g Cobastab
11, 0.05 ~ 0.2g Cobastab
12, 130 ~ 160g inositol, 50 ~ 80g vitamin C, 2 ~ 8g vitamin K, all the other are wheat bran.
As preferably, in every 1000g composite mineral matter additive, containing 100 ~ 120g sodium chloride, 100 ~ 150g ferrous bisglycinate chelate, 25 ~ 30g zinc methionine, 20 ~ 25g magnesium glycinate, 10 ~ 15g Mn-Gly, 15 ~ 20g cupric glycinate, 3 ~ 5g cobalt methionine, 0.1 ~ 0.3g Potassiumiodate, 0.01 ~ 0.03g sodium selenite, all the other are zeolite powder.
Therefore, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: breeding method step is simple, greatly can reduce labour intensity; be applicable to large-scale production; by the Optimal improvements to cultivating condition and manufactured feed, can make mud crab fast well-fattened, weightening finish, accumulate enough nutriments; promote mud crab shelling; improve survival rate, shorten the cultivation period of soft shell mud crab, and the survival rate of soft shell mud crab is high; rate of body weight gain is large, is conducive to improving culture benefit.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
A method for indoor culture soft shell mud crab, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection in pond is cultivated
Adopt indoor water mud sump as cultivation pond, Chi Shui pH is 7.8, and salinity is 6 ‰, and the depth of water is 50cm, dissolved oxygen>=5g/m
3, water temperature is 20 DEG C, ammonia nitrogen≤0.4mg/L, hydrogen sulphide≤0.1 mg/L, and cultivate in pond and be equipped with breeding box, breeding box is with 5/m
2scale be shelved on raft formula framework.
(2) selection of crab is cultivated
Select the mud crab of body weight >=200g to become crab as cultivation crab, require that the shell cultivating crab is hard, look blue or green, appendage is complete, without wound, be quick on the draw, energetic.
(3) sterilization in pond is cultivated
Carry out disinfection to cultivation pond at the quicklime cultivating in pond the 300ppm that splashes, disinfecting time is 48h, uses seawater flushing 2 times after sterilization, and water inlet leaves standstill 5 days, stand-by.
(4) input of crab is cultivated
Cultivation Chi Shuizhong after sterilization adds potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride, after making the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride in the water of pond all reach 10mg/L, 1 mud crab is thrown in each breeding box, mud crab is disinfection before input, and the concrete grammar of the process of sterilization is: embathe 2h with the saline solution of 5%.
(5) cultivation of soft crab
After cultivating crab input, fasting in 1st ~ 2 days, the 3rd day starts manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding, wherein, 3rd ~ 7 days, throw something and feed once in dusk every day 17:00, day feeding volume is 3% of mud crab gross weight, 8th day starts, the morning 8:00 respectively throw something and feed once with at dusk 17:00, the morning, feeding volume was 3% of mud crab gross weight, feeding volume is 10% of mud crab gross weight at dusk, throw something and feed continuously and within 4 days, stop to feed 1 day, circulation is thrown something and fed until shell according to this, and manufactured feed is by fish meal, blood meal, shrimp head powder, soy bean powder, peanut meal, brewer's yeast, wheat germ powder, fish oil, tanimoto powder, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, shelling element, butylated hydroxy anisole, dibutyl hydroxy toluene, weighting agent, composite feeding promoting agent, compound vitamin additive and composite mineral matter additive are made, in manufactured feed, the concrete proportioning of each component is as shown in table 1, wherein the concrete formula of weighting agent is as shown in table 2, the concrete formula of composite feeding promoting agent is as shown in table 3, the concrete formula of compound vitamin additive is as shown in table 4, and the concrete formula of composite mineral matter additive is as shown in table 5, nurturing period, changed water 1/3 every 3 days, change water in the morning 5:00 carry out, change after water and supplement potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride, make the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride in the water of pond all maintain original content.
Embodiment 2
A method for indoor culture soft shell mud crab, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection in pond is cultivated
Adopt indoor water mud sump as cultivation pond, Chi Shui pH is 9.0, and salinity is 6.5 ‰, and the depth of water is 55cm, dissolved oxygen>=5g/m
3, water temperature is 22 DEG C, ammonia nitrogen≤0.4mg/L, hydrogen sulphide≤0.1 mg/L, and cultivate in pond and be equipped with breeding box, breeding box is with 6/m
2scale be shelved on raft formula framework.
(2) selection of crab is cultivated
Select the mud crab of body weight >=200g to become crab as cultivation crab, require that the shell cultivating crab is hard, look blue or green, appendage is complete, without wound, be quick on the draw, energetic.
(3) sterilization in pond is cultivated
Carry out disinfection to cultivation pond at the bleaching powder cultivating in pond 220 ppm that splash, disinfecting time is 30h, uses seawater flushing 3 times after sterilization, and water inlet leaves standstill 4 days, stand-by.
(4) input of crab is cultivated
Cultivation Chi Shuizhong after sterilization adds potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride, after making the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride in the water of pond all reach 10 ~ 15mg/L, 1 mud crab is thrown in each breeding box, mud crab is disinfection before input, and the concrete grammar of the process of sterilization is: embathe 30min with 25mg/L liquor potassic permanganate.
(5) cultivation of soft crab
After cultivating crab input, fasting in 1st ~ 2 days, the 3rd day starts manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding, wherein, 3rd ~ 7 days, throw something and feed once in dusk every day 17:30, day feeding volume is 4% of mud crab gross weight, 8th day starts, the morning 8:30 respectively throw something and feed once with at dusk 17:30, the morning, feeding volume was 4% of mud crab gross weight, feeding volume is 9% of mud crab gross weight at dusk, throw something and feed continuously and within 5 days, stop to feed 1 day, circulation is thrown something and fed until shell according to this, and manufactured feed is by fish meal, blood meal, shrimp head powder, soy bean powder, peanut meal, brewer's yeast, wheat germ powder, fish oil, tanimoto powder, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, shelling element, butylated hydroxy anisole, dibutyl hydroxy toluene, weighting agent, composite feeding promoting agent, compound vitamin additive and composite mineral matter additive are made, in manufactured feed, the concrete proportioning of each component is as shown in table 1, wherein the concrete formula of weighting agent is as shown in table 2, the concrete formula of composite feeding promoting agent is as shown in table 3, the concrete formula of compound vitamin additive is as shown in table 4, and the concrete formula of composite mineral matter additive is as shown in table 5, nurturing period, changed water 1/2 every 3 days, change water in the morning 6:00 carry out, change after water and supplement potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride, make the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride in the water of pond all maintain original content.
Embodiment 3
A method for indoor culture soft shell mud crab, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection in pond is cultivated
Adopt indoor water mud sump as cultivation pond, Chi Shui pH is 8.6, and salinity is 7 ‰, and the depth of water is 60cm, dissolved oxygen>=5g/m
3, water temperature is 25 DEG C, ammonia nitrogen≤0.4mg/L, hydrogen sulphide≤0.1 mg/L, and cultivate in pond and be equipped with breeding box, breeding box is with 6/m
2scale be shelved on raft formula framework.
(2) selection of crab is cultivated
Select the mud crab of body weight >=200g to become crab as cultivation crab, require that the shell cultivating crab is hard, look blue or green, appendage is complete, without wound, be quick on the draw, energetic.
(3) sterilization in pond is cultivated
Carry out disinfection to cultivation pond at the quicklime cultivating in pond the 320ppm that splashes, disinfecting time is 24h, uses seawater flushing 2 times after sterilization, and water inlet leaves standstill 3 days, stand-by.
(4) input of crab is cultivated
Cultivation Chi Shuizhong after sterilization adds potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride, after making the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride in the water of pond all reach 15mg/L, 1 mud crab is thrown in each breeding box, mud crab is disinfection before input, and the concrete grammar of the process of sterilization is: embathe 30min with 10mg/L Eusol.
(5) cultivation of soft crab
After cultivating crab input, fasting in 1st ~ 2 days, the 3rd day starts manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding, wherein, 3rd ~ 7 days, throw something and feed once in dusk every day 18:00, day feeding volume is 5% of mud crab gross weight, 8th day starts, the morning 9:00 respectively throw something and feed once with at dusk 18:00, the morning, feeding volume was 5% of mud crab gross weight, feeding volume is 8% of mud crab gross weight at dusk, throw something and feed continuously and within 6 days, stop to feed 1 day, circulation is thrown something and fed until shell according to this, and manufactured feed is by fish meal, blood meal, shrimp head powder, soy bean powder, peanut meal, brewer's yeast, wheat germ powder, fish oil, tanimoto powder, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, shelling element, butylated hydroxy anisole, dibutyl hydroxy toluene, weighting agent, composite feeding promoting agent, compound vitamin additive and composite mineral matter additive are made, in manufactured feed, the concrete proportioning of each component is as shown in table 1, wherein the concrete formula of weighting agent is as shown in table 2, the concrete formula of composite feeding promoting agent is as shown in table 3, the concrete formula of compound vitamin additive is as shown in table 4, and the concrete formula of composite mineral matter additive is as shown in table 5, nurturing period, changed water 1/2 every 4 days, change water in the morning 7:00 carry out, change after water and supplement potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride, make the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride in the water of pond all maintain original content.
The concrete proportioning of each component in table 1 each embodiment manufactured feed
| Raw material | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 |
| Fish meal (Kg) | 35 | 37 | 40 |
| Blood meal (Kg) | 10 | 15 | 12 |
| Shrimp head powder (Kg) | 6 | 5 | 10 |
| Soy bean powder (Kg) | 23 | 25 | 20 |
| Peanut meal (Kg) | 10 | 12 | 15 |
| Brewer's yeast (Kg) | 3 | 5 | 4 |
| Wheat germ powder (Kg) | 5 | 6 | 10 |
| Fish oil (Kg) | 4 | 3 | 5 |
| Tanimoto powder (Kg) | 3 | 5 | 4 |
| Rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis powder (Kg) | 6 | 5 | 10 |
| Calcium dihydrogen phosphate (Kg) | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Shelling element (Kg) | 0.1 | 0.12 | 0.2 |
| Butylated hydroxy anisole (Kg) | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| Dibutyl hydroxy toluene (Kg) | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| Weighting agent (Kg) | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Composite feeding promoting agent (Kg) | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Compound vitamin additive (Kg) | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Composite mineral matter additive (Kg) | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
The concrete formula of table 2 each embodiment weighting agent
| Component | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 |
| Low polyxylose alcohol (%) | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| Cholesterol (%) | 6 | 10 | 5 |
| Tangerine peel powder (%) | 89.7 | 84.7 | 91.4 |
| Citric acid (%) | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Bromelain (%) | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| Bacillus licheniformis (%) | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
The concrete formula of table 3 each embodiment composite feeding promoting agent
| Component | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 |
| Scallop powder (%) | 10 | 15 | 13 |
| Albumen local flavor element (%) | 7 | 5 | 10 |
| Fish soluble slurry protein powder (%) | 10 | 6 | 5 |
| Kelp Powder (%) | 73 | 74 | 72 |
The concrete formula of table 4 each embodiment compound vitamin additive
| Component | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 |
| Vitamin A (g/1000g) | 10 | 12 | 15 |
| Vitamin D (g/1000g) | 4 | 5 | 3 |
| Vitamin E (g/1000g) | 12 | 15 | 10 |
| Vitamin B1 (g/1000g) | 12 | 10 | 15 |
| Vitamin B2 (g/1000g) | 7 | 5 | 8 |
| Vitamin B3 (g/1000g) | 5 | 8 | 6 |
| Vitamin B5 (g/1000g) | 12 | 10 | 9 |
| Vitamin B6 (g/1000g) | 9 | 11 | 12 |
| VB7 (g/1000g) | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| VB11 (g/1000g) | 2 | 4 | 5 |
| Cobalamin (g/1000g) | 0.05 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| Inositol (g/1000g) | 160 | 130 | 140 |
| Vitamin C (g/1000g) | 80 | 60 | 50 |
| Vitamin K (g/1000g) | 2 | 3 | 8 |
| Wheat bran (g/1000g) | 681.95 | 722.8 | 713.9 |
The concrete formula of table 5 each embodiment composite mineral matter additive
| Component | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 |
| Sodium chloride (g/1000g) | 120 | 100 | 105 |
| Ferrous bisglycinate chelate (g/1000g) | 100 | 150 | 110 |
| Zinc methionine (g/1000g) | 20 | 22 | 25 |
| Magnesium glycinate (g/1000g) | 20 | 25 | 22 |
| Mn-Gly (g/1000g) | 10 | 15 | 12 |
| Cupric glycinate (g/1000g) | 20 | 15 | 12 |
| Cobalt methionine (g/1000g) | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Potassiumiodate (g/1000g) | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| Sodium selenite (g/1000g) | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| Zeolite powder (g/1000g) | 706.69 | 668.78 | 708.87 |
Cultivated mud crab by breeding method of the present invention, cultivate and namely shell for 10 ~ 12 days, husking yield can reach more than 94%; mud crab survival rate after shelling is more than 92%; body weight is increased in more than 50%, can realize the large-scale production of soft shell mud crab, remarkable in economical benefits.
Above-described embodiment is one of the present invention preferably scheme, not does any pro forma restriction to the present invention, also has other variant and remodeling under the prerequisite not exceeding the technical scheme described in claim.
Claims (4)
1. a method for indoor culture soft shell mud crab, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection in pond is cultivated
Adopt indoor water mud sump as cultivation pond, Chi Shui pH is 7.8 ~ 8.6, and salinity is 6 ~ 7 ‰, and the depth of water is 50 ~ 60cm, dissolved oxygen>=5g/m
3, water temperature is 20 ~ 25 DEG C, ammonia nitrogen≤0.4mg/L, hydrogen sulphide≤0.1 mg/L, and cultivate in pond and be equipped with breeding box, breeding box is with 5 ~ 6/m
2scale be shelved on raft formula framework;
(2) selection of crab is cultivated
Select the mud crab of body weight >=200g to become crab as cultivation crab, require that the shell cultivating crab is hard, look blue or green, appendage is complete, without wound, be quick on the draw, energetic;
(3) sterilization in pond is cultivated
Disinfectant of splashing in cultivation pond carries out disinfection to cultivation pond, and disinfecting time is 24 ~ 48h, uses seawater flushing 2 ~ 3 times after sterilization, and water inlet leaves standstill 3 ~ 5 days, stand-by;
(4) input of crab is cultivated
Cultivation Chi Shuizhong after sterilization adds potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride, after making the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride in the water of pond all reach 10 ~ 15mg/L, in each breeding box, throws in 1 mud crab;
(5) cultivation of soft crab
After cultivating crab input, fasting in 1st ~ 2 days, the 3rd day starts manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding, wherein, 3rd ~ 7 days, in every day at dusk 17:00 ~ 18:00 throw something and feed once, day feeding volume be 3 ~ 5% of mud crab gross weight, 8th day starts, the morning 8:00 ~ 9:00 respectively throw something and feed once with at dusk 17:00 ~ 18:00, the morning, feeding volume was 3 ~ 5% of mud crab gross weight, and feeding volume is 8 ~ 10% of mud crab gross weight at dusk, throw something and feed continuously and within 4 ~ 6 days, stop to feed 1 day, circulation is thrown something and fed until shell according to this, nurturing period, changed water 1/3 ~ 1/2 every 3 ~ 4 days, supplement potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride after changing water, make the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride in the water of pond all maintain original content, described manufactured feed is made up of the component of following weight portion: fish meal 35 ~ 40 parts, blood meal 10 ~ 15 parts, shrimp head powder 5 ~ 10 parts, soy bean powder 20 ~ 25 parts, peanut meal 10 ~ 15 parts, brewer's yeast 3 ~ 5 parts, wheat germ powder 5 ~ 10 parts, 3 ~ 5 parts, fish oil, tanimoto powder 3 ~ 5 parts, 5 ~ 10 parts, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1 ~ 3 part, shelling element 0.1 ~ 0.2 part, butylated hydroxy anisole 0.01 ~ 0.03 part, dibutyl hydroxy toluene 0.01 ~ 0.03 part, weighting agent 1 ~ 3 part, composite feeding promoting agent 1 ~ 3 part, compound vitamin additive 0.3 ~ 0.5 part, composite mineral matter additive 0.1 ~ 0.3 part, described weighting agent is mixed by xylo-oligosaccharide, cholesterol, tangerine peel powder, citric acid, bromelain, bacillus licheniformis, in weighting agent, the mass percentage of each component is: xylo-oligosaccharide 0.1 ~ 0.3%, cholesterol 5 ~ 10%, citric acid 1 ~ 3%, bromelain 1 ~ 3%, bacillus licheniformis 0.1 ~ 0.3%, tangerine peel powder surplus, described composite feeding promoting agent is mixed by Kelp Powder, scallop powder, fish soluble slurry protein powder, albumen local flavor element, in composite feeding promoting agent, the mass percentage of each component is: scallop powder 10 ~ 15%, albumen local flavor element 5 ~ 10%, fish soluble slurry protein powder 5 ~ 10%, Kelp Powder surplus, in every 1000g compound vitamin additive, containing 10 ~ 15g vitamin A, 3 ~ 5g vitamin D, 10 ~ 15g vitamin E, 10 ~ 15g Cobastab
1, 5 ~ 8g Cobastab
2, 5 ~ 8g Cobastab
3, 9 ~ 12g Cobastab
5, 9 ~ 12g Cobastab
6, 3 ~ 5g Cobastab
7, 2 ~ 5g Cobastab
11, 0.05 ~ 0.2g Cobastab
12, 130 ~ 160g inositol, 50 ~ 80g vitamin C, 2 ~ 8g vitamin K, all the other are wheat bran, in every 1000g composite mineral matter additive, containing 100 ~ 120g sodium chloride, 100 ~ 150g ferrous bisglycinate chelate, 25 ~ 30g zinc methionine, 20 ~ 25g magnesium glycinate, 10 ~ 15g Mn-Gly, 15 ~ 20g cupric glycinate, 3 ~ 5g cobalt methionine, 0.1 ~ 0.3g Potassiumiodate, 0.01 ~ 0.03g sodium selenite, all the other are zeolite powder.
2. the method for a kind of indoor culture soft shell mud crab according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), described disinfectant is the quicklime of 300 ~ 320ppm or the bleaching powder of 200 ~ 220 ppm.
3. the method for a kind of indoor culture soft shell mud crab according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (4), mud crab is disinfection before input, the concrete grammar of the process of sterilization is: embathe 2 ~ 5h with the saline solution of 3 ~ 5%, embathe 20 ~ 30min with 10 ~ 12mg/L Eusol, or embathe 20 ~ 30min with 20 ~ 25mg/L liquor potassic permanganate.
4. the method for a kind of indoor culture soft shell mud crab according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (5), change water in the morning 5:00 ~ 7:00 carry out.
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| CN105230531A (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2016-01-13 | 盘锦光合蟹业有限公司 | Large-size crab cultivation method |
| CN105409842A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-03-23 | 周振勇 | Artificial culture method for Scylla serrata |
| CN105935042A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-09-14 | 铜陵东晟生态农业科技有限公司 | Scylla serrata cultivation technology |
| CN107897072A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-04-13 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of P.sanguinolentus parent crab indoors artificial breeding method |
| US11367209B2 (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2022-06-21 | X Development Llc | Visual detection of haloclines |
| CN114304020A (en) * | 2022-01-09 | 2022-04-12 | 宁波大学 | Ion regulation and control method for cultivating green crabs in inland saline-alkali soil |
| CN117413793A (en) * | 2023-12-04 | 2024-01-19 | 汕头大学 | Land-based three-dimensional circulating water culture method for efficiently producing soft-shell crabs |
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| CN102106266B (en) * | 2009-12-28 | 2012-11-14 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Technology for cultivating soft-shell blue crabs |
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