CN103843702A - Method for raising soft-shell scylla serrata indoors - Google Patents

Method for raising soft-shell scylla serrata indoors Download PDF

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CN103843702A
CN103843702A CN201310715395.9A CN201310715395A CN103843702A CN 103843702 A CN103843702 A CN 103843702A CN 201310715395 A CN201310715395 A CN 201310715395A CN 103843702 A CN103843702 A CN 103843702A
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crab
mud crab
powder
pond
shell
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CN103843702B (en
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付万冬
廖妙飞
王维伦
郑斌
钟明杰
相兴伟
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Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute
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Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for raising soft-shell scylla serrata indoors, solving the problems that a method for raising the soft-shell scylla serrata, of the prior art, is great in labor intensity, unbeneficial to unshelling the soft-shell scylla serrata, high in death rate of the soft-shell scylla serrata and low in weight gain rate. The method comprises the following steps of (1) selecting a raising pond; (2) selecting the scylla serrata to be raised; (3) sterilizing the raising pond; (4) putting the scylla serrata to be raised into the pond; (5) raising the soft-shell scylla serrata. According to the method for raising the soft-shell scylla serrata indoors provided by the invention, the steps are simple; the labor intensity can be decreased greatly; the scale production is applicable; as the raising conditions and the compound feed are optimally improved, the scylla serrata can become fatter and heavier fast; with the accumulation of sufficient nutrient substances, the unshelling of the scylla serrata is accelerated, the survival rate is improved, and the period of raising the soft-shell scylla serrata is shortened; moreover, the survival rate of the soft-shell scylla serrata is high, the weight gain rate is high and the raising benefits are favorably improved.

Description

A kind of method of indoor culture soft shell mud crab
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aquaculture, especially relate to a kind of method of indoor culture soft shell mud crab.
 
Background technology
Mud crab, be called for short mud crab, having fast, individual large, the adaptability of growth and resistance against diseases is strong, easily transport, meat flavour deliciousness, the feature such as nutritious, culture benefit is good, be quite subject to domestic and international producers and consumers's favor, is one of economic cultivated crabs class of important marine of China.
Soft shell mud crab refers to the mud crab just having shelled, and soft shell mud crab without peeling off, can be with shell edible when edible, eats more convenient health, has not only retained the local flavor of substance crab, and more horn of plenty of nutriment.Present soft shell mud crab is favored by consumer both domestic and external deeply, and supply falls short of demand for product.From long term growth angle, it is a kind of development trend of crab cultivation that the industrialization of soft shell mud crab is produced.
Granted publication CN101946739B, the Chinese patent of Granted publication day 2013.3.20 discloses a kind of soft-shell blue crabs artificial culturing method, and its key step is: mud crab is divided into 3 large classes: select the cultivation object of the 1st and the 2nd class mud crab as soft crab; Only put in a crab pot single the 1st class mud crab, 3~5 crab pots stack ties up into one group, puts in a suitable place to breed in groups in cultivation pond and concentrates cultivation; Nurturing period, will soak in the black bucket of the whole group of natural shelling element of crab pot immigration interpolation or little Chi every day; Then mud crab moved in aqua calcis to soaking disinfection and promote calcareous absorption and shelling, after immersion, mud crab being put again in a suitable place to breed to original cultivation pond; The mud crab just having shelled is selected and is shifted out in time, carry out low temperature and benumb fresh and alive preservation or freezing preservation; The 2nd class mud crab colony raises together with at one and cultivates in pond, treats that the shelling cycle of the 2nd class mud crab enters the 1st class mud crab state, and mud crab is selected to immigration crab pot, cultivates and becomes soft crab.The weak point of this soft-shell blue crabs breeding method is: the salinity of (1) water body is 10 ‰ ~ 25 ‰, and too high in salinity can extend the shelling cycle of mud crab, (2) whole group of crab pot need be moved into every day in the black bucket that adds natural shelling element or soak in little Chi, and then mud crab is moved in aqua calcis to soaking disinfection and promotes calcareous absorption and shelling, after immersion, again mud crab is put again in a suitable place to breed to original cultivation pond, first, frequent mobile crab pot can improve labour intensity greatly, secondly, frequent mobile crab pot can cause intense stimulus to mud crab, affect its shelling, even cause shelling unsuccessful and dead, be lowered into motility rate, (3) mud crab only has nutrient accumulation to a certain extent, could stimulate endocrine system to secrete enough shelling hormones and complete shelling process, in this breeding method, adopt shelling cellulose solution to soak and promote mud crab shelling, in slaked lime, soak the absorption to promote calcium simultaneously, but feed and feeding method are not made to improvement, making mud crab not accumulate enough nutrition just shells, and this can cause shelling not smooth, even shelling smoothly, also can because of malnutrition death or individual weight gain not obvious, affect culture benefit, and the mode mud crab that adopts shelling cellulose solution to soak can not effectively absorb shelling element, can cause on the contrary shelling disorderly, in addition, the solvability of slaked lime in water is low, and easily generate precipitation, be difficult for being absorbed by crab body.
 
Summary of the invention
The present invention is that the soft shell mud crab breeding method labour intensity in order to solve prior art is large; and be unfavorable for mud crab shelling, mud crab lethality is high, the problem that rate of body weight gain is little; a kind of method of indoor culture soft shell mud crab is provided; method step of the present invention is simple, can greatly reduce labour intensity, is applicable to large-scale production; improve by the optimization to cultivating condition and manufactured feed; the survival rate of soft shell mud crab is high, and rate of body weight gain is large, is conducive to improve culture benefit.
 
To achieve these goals, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A method for indoor culture soft shell mud crab, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection in cultivation pond
Adopt indoor cement pit as cultivating pond, Chi Shui pH is 7.8 ~ 8.6, and salinity is 6 ~ 7 ‰, and the depth of water is 50 ~ 60cm, dissolved oxygen>=5g/m 3, water temperature is 20 ~ 25 DEG C, ammonia nitrogen≤0.4mg/L, and hydrogen sulphide≤0.1 mg/L, cultivates in pond and is equipped with breeding box, and breeding box is with 5 ~ 6/m 2scale be shelved on raft formula framework.Cultivation of the present invention pond condition is the key point of cultivating soft shell mud crab, and wherein, salinity is controlled at 6 ~ 7 ‰, and water temperature is 20 ~ 25 DEG C, and the shelling cycle of mud crab can shorten, and food ration can improve, and is conducive to the increase of body weight and the accumulation of nutriment.
(2) selection of cultivation crab
The mud crab of selection body weight >=200g becomes crab as cultivating crab, and the shell of requirement cultivation crab is hard, look blue or green, appendage is complete, nothing is hindered, is quick on the draw, energetic.The mud crab of selecting in the present invention is the one-tenth crab of sign of not shelling, and to ensure the consistent of the time of shelling, is convenient to large-scale cultivation soft crab.
(3) sterilization in cultivation pond
The disinfectant of splashing in cultivation pond carries out disinfection to cultivating pond, and disinfecting time is 24 ~ 48h, uses seawater flushing 2 ~ 3 times after sterilization, intakes, and leaves standstill 3 ~ 5 days, stand-by.
(4) input of cultivation crab
Cultivation Chi Shuizhong after sterilization adds potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride, and the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride in the water of pond is all reached after 10 ~ 15mg/L, throws in 1 mud crab in each breeding box.The present invention directly adds potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride in the water of cultivation pond, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride dissolubility are good, be convenient to absorb calcium and phosphorus ions in the direct water of crab body, in ensureing that crab physical efficiency effectively absorbs calcium and phosphorus ions, stimulation to mud crab is down to minimum level, to be conducive to its shelling, in each breeding box, throw in 1 mud crab, can avoid killing each other and reducing stress reaction.
(5) cultivation of soft crab
Cultivate after crab input, fasting in 1st ~ 2 days, starts the manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding on the 3rd day, wherein, 3rd ~ 7 days, in dusk every day, 17:00 ~ 18:00 threw something and fed once, and a day feeding volume is 3 ~ 5% of mud crab gross weight, the 8th day starts, in the morning, 8:00 ~ 9:00 respectively throws something and feeds once with dusk 17:00 ~ 18:00, and the morning, feeding volume was 3 ~ 5% of mud crab gross weight, and feeding volume is 8 ~ 10% of mud crab gross weight at dusk, throw something and feed continuously and within 4 ~ 6 days, stop to feed 1 day, circulation is thrown something and fed until shell according to this; Nurturing period, changed water 1/3 ~ 1/2 every 3 ~ 4 days, change after water and supplement potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride, make the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride in the water of pond all maintain original content.The present invention is according to the eating habit of mud crab and nutritional need, in conjunction with biological compensation mechanism, the mode of throwing something and feeding to feed and feeding volume have carried out adjusting optimization again, after mud crab is thrown in, can be because environment changes in stress situation, food ration greatly reduces, if throw something and feed at once feed after input, can produce a large amount of residual baits, cause the waste of bait, therefore the present invention forbids feeding for 1st ~ 2 days after mud crab is thrown in; Within 3rd ~ 7 days, throw something and feed continuously, throw something and feed once every day at dusk, so that mud crab conforms and manufactured feed gradually; The 8th day starts, after mud crab adapts to completely, utilize the hungry compensatory growth mechanism of mud crab, in increasing the feedstuff feeding amount of every day and the number of times of throwing something and feeding, adopt the mode of throwing something and feeding of being interrupted, improving under the prerequisite of efficiency of feed utilization, so that the fast well-fattened weightening finish of mud crab accumulates enough nutriments, under the prerequisite that ensures survival rate, mud crab can be shelled fast, thereby shorten cultivation period.
As preferably, the bleaching powder of the quicklime that described disinfectant is 300 ~ 320ppm or 200 ~ 220 ppm.
As preferably, in step (4), mud crab is disinfection before input, and the concrete grammar of the processing of sterilization is: embathe 2 ~ 5h with 3 ~ 5% saline solution, embathe 20 ~ 30min with 10 ~ 12mg/L Eusol, or embathe 20 ~ 30min with 20 ~ 25mg/L liquor potassic permanganate.
As preferably, in step (5), change water in the morning 5:00 ~ 7:00 carry out.Morning 5:00 ~ 7:00, mud crab generally can not shell during this period of time, and before being located at during this period of time for the first time and throwing and raise, can be down to minimum degree to the stimulation of mud crab by changing water, substantially can not affect its feed and shelling.
As preferably, described manufactured feed is made up of the component of following weight portion: 35 ~ 40 parts of fish meal, 10 ~ 15 parts of blood meals, 5 ~ 10 parts of shrimp head powders, 20 ~ 25 parts of soy bean powders, 10 ~ 15 parts of peanut meals, 3 ~ 5 parts of brewer's yeasts, 5 ~ 10 parts of wheat germ powders, 3 ~ 5 parts, fish oil, 3 ~ 5 parts of tanimoto powders, 5 ~ 10 parts, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis powder, 1 ~ 3 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 ~ 0.2 part of shelling element, 0.01 ~ 0.03 part of butylated hydroxy anisole, 0.01 ~ 0.03 part of dibutyl hydroxy toluene, 1 ~ 3 part of weighting agent, 1 ~ 3 part of composite feeding promoting agent, 0.3 ~ 0.5 part of compound vitamin additive, 0.1 ~ 0.3 part of complex mineral quality additive.The present invention is optimized improvement to compound feed prescription, strengthen nutrition for becoming crab, improve the content of animal protein in feed, and palatability and the food calling effect of feed are improved, each component is more easily assimilated by crab body, wherein, wheat germ powder is mainly used in fortified feed nutrition and improves palatability; Tanimoto powder is mainly as binding agent, the water-tolerant of feed; Rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis powder can improve the anti-stress ability of crab body, and can promote digestion and metabolism, is conducive to the growth of crab body; Butylated hydroxy anisole and dibutyl hydroxy toluene coordinated, can improve the keeping quality of feed, can also prevent the inefficacy of bait; Weighting agent, for improving the digest and assimilate efficiency of crab body to feed, makes it increase weight and fatten fast.Compound feed prescription in the present invention is reasonable, and palatability and food calling are effective, and absorption easy to digest can promote crab bulk-growth, makes it increase weight and fatten fast.
As preferably, described weighting agent is mixed by xylo-oligosaccharide, cholesterol, dried orange peel powder, citric acid, bromelain, bacillus licheniformis, in weighting agent, the quality percentage composition of each component is: xylo-oligosaccharide 0.1 ~ 0.3%, cholesterol 5 ~ 10%, citric acid 1 ~ 3%, bromelain 1 ~ 3%, bacillus licheniformis 0.1 ~ 0.3%, dried orange peel powder surplus.In weighting agent, xylo-oligosaccharide and bacillus licheniformis can produce synergy after entering crab body enteron aisle, the glycosidase that xylo-oligosaccharide can be secreted by bacillus licheniformis is on the one hand hydrolyzed, generate the materials such as monose, volatile fatty acid by crab body direct effect, xylo-oligosaccharide can be served as the carbon source of bacillus licheniformis on the other hand, promote beneficial microorganism propagation, promote crab body to absorb calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and can synthesize B family vitamin, thereby promote the quick weightening finish of crab body, gaining effect is obvious especially; Cholesterol can improve Activity of Digestive Enzymes in Intestine and nutrient apparent digestibility, promotes the weightening finish of crab body; Citric acid can promote gastric secretion, and the secretion of the enzyme that directly stimulates digestion, whets the appetite, and can reduce intestines and stomach pH value, improves digestive enzyme activity, is conducive to crab body to the digesting and assimilating of feed, and promotes the growth of crab body; Bromelain can effectively improve availability and the conversion ratio of mud crab to protein, is conducive to put on weight; Dried orange peel powder can promote to ingest, and enhancement is digested and assimilated.Weighting agent in the present invention can improve the food ration of mud crab and absorption rate to manufactured feed, thereby can make that mud crab is fast well-fattened, weightening finish, accumulates enough nutriments, promotes mud crab shelling, improves survival rate, shortens cultivation period.
As preferably, described composite feeding promoting agent is mixed by Kelp Powder, scallop powder, fish soluble slurry protein powder, albumen local flavor element, and in composite feeding promoting agent, the quality percentage composition of each component is: scallop powder 10 ~ 15%, albumen local flavor element 5 ~ 10%, fish soluble slurry protein powder 5 ~ 10%, Kelp Powder surplus.Each component in the present invention in composite feeding promoting agent is natural materials, not only has good food calling effect, and is is easily digested and assimilated by crab body, can play the effect of nutrition fortifier, further supplements the nutrition of crab body.
As preferably, in every 1000g compound vitamin additive, contain 10 ~ 15g vitamin A, 3 ~ 5g vitamin D, 10 ~ 15g vitamin E, 10 ~ 15g Cobastab 1, 5 ~ 8g Cobastab 2, 5 ~ 8g Cobastab 3, 9 ~ 12g Cobastab 5, 9 ~ 12g Cobastab 6, 3 ~ 5g Cobastab 7, 2 ~ 5g Cobastab 11, 0.05 ~ 0.2g Cobastab 12, 130 ~ 160g inositol, 50 ~ 80g vitamin C, 2 ~ 8g vitamin K, all the other are wheat bran powder.
As preferably, in every 1000g composite mineral matter additive, contain 100 ~ 120g sodium chloride, 100 ~ 150g ferrous bisglycinate chelate, 25 ~ 30g zinc methionine, 20 ~ 25g magnesium glycinate, 10 ~ 15g Mn-Gly, 15 ~ 20g cupric glycinate, 3 ~ 5g cobalt methionine, 0.1 ~ 0.3g Potassiumiodate, 0.01 ~ 0.03g sodium selenite, all the other are zeolite powder.
 
Therefore, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: breeding method step is simple, can greatly reduce labour intensity; be applicable to large-scale production; optimization by cultivating condition and manufactured feed improves, and can make that mud crab is fast well-fattened, weightening finish, accumulates enough nutriments; promote mud crab shelling; improve survival rate, shorten the cultivation period of soft shell mud crab, and the survival rate of soft shell mud crab is high; rate of body weight gain is large, is conducive to improve culture benefit.
 
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
 
Embodiment 1
A method for indoor culture soft shell mud crab, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection in cultivation pond
Adopt indoor cement pit as cultivating pond, Chi Shui pH is 7.8, and salinity is 6 ‰, and the depth of water is 50cm, dissolved oxygen>=5g/m 3, water temperature is 20 DEG C, ammonia nitrogen≤0.4mg/L, and hydrogen sulphide≤0.1 mg/L, cultivates in pond and is equipped with breeding box, and breeding box is with 5/m 2scale be shelved on raft formula framework.
(2) selection of cultivation crab
The mud crab of selection body weight >=200g becomes crab as cultivating crab, and the shell of requirement cultivation crab is hard, look blue or green, appendage is complete, nothing is hindered, is quick on the draw, energetic.
(3) sterilization in cultivation pond
Carry out disinfection to cultivating pond at the quicklime of cultivating the 300ppm that splashes in pond, disinfecting time is 48h, and after sterilization, with seawater flushing 2 times, water inlet, leaves standstill 5 days, stand-by.
(4) input of cultivation crab
Cultivation Chi Shuizhong after sterilization adds potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride, the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride in the water of pond is all reached after 10mg/L, in each breeding box, throw in 1 mud crab, mud crab is disinfection before input, and the concrete grammar of the processing of sterilization is: embathe 2h with 5% saline solution.
(5) cultivation of soft crab
Cultivate after crab input, fasting in 1st ~ 2 days, starts the manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding on the 3rd day, wherein, 3rd ~ 7 days, in dusk every day, 17:00 threw something and fed once, day feeding volume is 3% of mud crab gross weight, the 8th day starts, and in the morning, 8:00 respectively throws something and feeds once with dusk 17:00, and the morning, feeding volume was 3% of mud crab gross weight, feeding volume is 10% of mud crab gross weight at dusk, throw something and feed continuously and within 4 days, stop to feed 1 day, circulation is thrown something and fed until shell according to this, and manufactured feed is by fish meal, blood meal, shrimp head powder, soy bean powder, peanut meal, brewer's yeast, wheat germ powder, fish oil, tanimoto powder, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, shelling element, butylated hydroxy anisole, dibutyl hydroxy toluene, weighting agent, composite feeding promoting agent, compound vitamin additive and composite mineral matter additive are made, in manufactured feed, the concrete proportioning of each component is as shown in table 1, wherein the concrete formula of weighting agent is as shown in table 2, the concrete formula of composite feeding promoting agent is as shown in table 3, the concrete formula of compound vitamin additive is as shown in table 4, and the concrete formula of composite mineral matter additive is as shown in table 5, nurturing period, changed water 1/3 every 3 days, change water in the morning 5:00 carry out, change after water and supplement potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride, make the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride in the water of pond all maintain original content.
 
Embodiment 2
A method for indoor culture soft shell mud crab, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection in cultivation pond
Adopt indoor cement pit as cultivating pond, Chi Shui pH is 9.0, and salinity is 6.5 ‰, and the depth of water is 55cm, dissolved oxygen>=5g/m 3, water temperature is 22 DEG C, ammonia nitrogen≤0.4mg/L, and hydrogen sulphide≤0.1 mg/L, cultivates in pond and is equipped with breeding box, and breeding box is with 6/m 2scale be shelved on raft formula framework.
(2) selection of cultivation crab
The mud crab of selection body weight >=200g becomes crab as cultivating crab, and the shell of requirement cultivation crab is hard, look blue or green, appendage is complete, nothing is hindered, is quick on the draw, energetic.
(3) sterilization in cultivation pond
Carry out disinfection to cultivating pond at the bleaching powder of cultivating 220 ppm that splash in pond, disinfecting time is 30h, and after sterilization, with seawater flushing 3 times, water inlet, leaves standstill 4 days, stand-by.
(4) input of cultivation crab
Cultivation Chi Shuizhong after sterilization adds potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride, the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride in the water of pond is all reached after 10 ~ 15mg/L, in each breeding box, throw in 1 mud crab, mud crab is disinfection before input, and the concrete grammar of the processing of sterilization is: embathe 30min with 25mg/L liquor potassic permanganate.
(5) cultivation of soft crab
Cultivate after crab input, fasting in 1st ~ 2 days, starts the manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding on the 3rd day, wherein, 3rd ~ 7 days, in dusk every day, 17:30 threw something and fed once, day feeding volume is 4% of mud crab gross weight, the 8th day starts, and in the morning, 8:30 respectively throws something and feeds once with dusk 17:30, and the morning, feeding volume was 4% of mud crab gross weight, feeding volume is 9% of mud crab gross weight at dusk, throw something and feed continuously and within 5 days, stop to feed 1 day, circulation is thrown something and fed until shell according to this, and manufactured feed is by fish meal, blood meal, shrimp head powder, soy bean powder, peanut meal, brewer's yeast, wheat germ powder, fish oil, tanimoto powder, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, shelling element, butylated hydroxy anisole, dibutyl hydroxy toluene, weighting agent, composite feeding promoting agent, compound vitamin additive and composite mineral matter additive are made, in manufactured feed, the concrete proportioning of each component is as shown in table 1, wherein the concrete formula of weighting agent is as shown in table 2, the concrete formula of composite feeding promoting agent is as shown in table 3, the concrete formula of compound vitamin additive is as shown in table 4, and the concrete formula of composite mineral matter additive is as shown in table 5, nurturing period, changed water 1/2 every 3 days, change water in the morning 6:00 carry out, change after water and supplement potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride, make the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride in the water of pond all maintain original content.
 
Embodiment 3
A method for indoor culture soft shell mud crab, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection in cultivation pond
Adopt indoor cement pit as cultivating pond, Chi Shui pH is 8.6, and salinity is 7 ‰, and the depth of water is 60cm, dissolved oxygen>=5g/m 3, water temperature is 25 DEG C, ammonia nitrogen≤0.4mg/L, and hydrogen sulphide≤0.1 mg/L, cultivates in pond and is equipped with breeding box, and breeding box is with 6/m 2scale be shelved on raft formula framework.
(2) selection of cultivation crab
The mud crab of selection body weight >=200g becomes crab as cultivating crab, and the shell of requirement cultivation crab is hard, look blue or green, appendage is complete, nothing is hindered, is quick on the draw, energetic.
(3) sterilization in cultivation pond
Carry out disinfection to cultivating pond at the quicklime of cultivating the 320ppm that splashes in pond, disinfecting time is 24h, and after sterilization, with seawater flushing 2 times, water inlet, leaves standstill 3 days, stand-by.
(4) input of cultivation crab
Cultivation Chi Shuizhong after sterilization adds potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride, the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride in the water of pond is all reached after 15mg/L, in each breeding box, throw in 1 mud crab, mud crab is disinfection before input, and the concrete grammar of the processing of sterilization is: embathe 30min with 10mg/L Eusol.
(5) cultivation of soft crab
Cultivate after crab input, fasting in 1st ~ 2 days, starts the manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding on the 3rd day, wherein, 3rd ~ 7 days, in dusk every day, 18:00 threw something and fed once, day feeding volume is 5% of mud crab gross weight, the 8th day starts, and in the morning, 9:00 respectively throws something and feeds once with dusk 18:00, and the morning, feeding volume was 5% of mud crab gross weight, feeding volume is 8% of mud crab gross weight at dusk, throw something and feed continuously and within 6 days, stop to feed 1 day, circulation is thrown something and fed until shell according to this, and manufactured feed is by fish meal, blood meal, shrimp head powder, soy bean powder, peanut meal, brewer's yeast, wheat germ powder, fish oil, tanimoto powder, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, shelling element, butylated hydroxy anisole, dibutyl hydroxy toluene, weighting agent, composite feeding promoting agent, compound vitamin additive and composite mineral matter additive are made, in manufactured feed, the concrete proportioning of each component is as shown in table 1, wherein the concrete formula of weighting agent is as shown in table 2, the concrete formula of composite feeding promoting agent is as shown in table 3, the concrete formula of compound vitamin additive is as shown in table 4, and the concrete formula of composite mineral matter additive is as shown in table 5, nurturing period, changed water 1/2 every 4 days, change water in the morning 7:00 carry out, change after water and supplement potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride, make the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride in the water of pond all maintain original content.
 
The concrete proportioning of each component in the each embodiment manufactured feed of table 1
Raw material Embodiment 1 Embodiment 2 Embodiment 3
Fish meal (Kg) 35 37 40
Blood meal (Kg) 10 15 12
Shrimp head powder (Kg) 6 5 10
Soy bean powder (Kg) 23 25 20
Peanut meal (Kg) 10 12 15
Brewer's yeast (Kg) 3 5 4
Wheat germ powder (Kg) 5 6 10
Fish oil (Kg) 4 3 5
Tanimoto powder (Kg) 3 5 4
Rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis powder (Kg) 6 5 10
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate (Kg) 2 3 1
Shelling element (Kg) 0.1 0.12 0.2
Butylated hydroxy anisole (Kg) 0.01 0.02 0.03
Dibutyl hydroxy toluene (Kg) 0.01 0.02 0.03
Weighting agent (Kg) 2 1 3
Composite feeding promoting agent (Kg) 2 3 1
Compound vitamin additive (Kg) 0.3 0.5 0.4
Composite mineral matter additive (Kg) 0.4 0.3 0.5
The concrete formula of the each embodiment weighting agent of table 2
Component Embodiment 1 Embodiment 2 Embodiment 3
Low polyxylose alcohol (%) 0.1 0.2 0.3
Cholesterol (%) 6 10 5
Dried orange peel powder (%) 89.7 84.7 91.4
Citric acid (%) 3 2 1
Bromelain (%) 1 3 2
Bacillus licheniformis (%) 0.2 0.1 0.3
The concrete formula of the each embodiment composite feeding promoting agent of table 3
Component Embodiment 1 Embodiment 2 Embodiment 3
Scallop powder (%) 10 15 13
Albumen local flavor element (%) 7 5 10
Fish soluble slurry protein powder (%) 10 6 5
Kelp Powder (%) 73 74 72
The concrete formula of the each embodiment compound vitamin additive of table 4
Component Embodiment 1 Embodiment 2 Embodiment 3
Vitamin A (g/1000g) 10 12 15
Vitamin D (g/1000g) 4 5 3
Vitamin E (g/1000g) 12 15 10
Vitamin B1 (g/1000g) 12 10 15
Vitamin B2 (g/1000g) 7 5 8
Vitamin B3 (g/1000g) 5 8 6
Vitamin B5 (g/1000g) 12 10 9
Vitamin B6 (g/1000g) 9 11 12
VB7 (g/1000g) 3 4 5
VB11 (g/1000g) 2 4 5
Cobalamin (g/1000g) 0.05 0.2 0.1
Inositol (g/1000g) 160 130 140
Vitamin C (g/1000g) 80 60 50
Vitamin K (g/1000g) 2 3 8
Wheat bran powder (g/1000g) 681.95 722.8 713.9
The concrete formula of the each embodiment composite mineral matter of table 5 additive
Component Embodiment 1 Embodiment 2 Embodiment 3
Sodium chloride (g/1000g) 120 100 105
Ferrous bisglycinate chelate (g/1000g) 100 150 110
Zinc methionine (g/1000g) 20 22 25
Magnesium glycinate (g/1000g) 20 25 22
Mn-Gly (g/1000g) 10 15 12
Cupric glycinate (g/1000g) 20 15 12
Cobalt methionine (g/1000g) 3 4 5
Potassiumiodate (g/1000g) 0.3 0.2 0.1
Sodium selenite (g/1000g) 0.01 0.02 0.03
Zeolite powder (g/1000g) 706.69 668.78 708.87
By breeding method of the present invention, mud crab is cultivated, cultivate and shell for 10 ~ 12 days, husking yield can reach more than 94%; mud crab survival rate after shelling is more than 92%; body weight is increased in more than 50%, can realize the large-scale production of soft shell mud crab, remarkable in economical benefits.
Above-described embodiment is preferably scheme of one of the present invention, not the present invention is done to any pro forma restriction, also has other variant and remodeling under the prerequisite that does not exceed the technical scheme that claim records.

Claims (9)

1. a method for indoor culture soft shell mud crab, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection in cultivation pond
Adopt indoor cement pit as cultivating pond, Chi Shui pH is 7.8 ~ 8.6, and salinity is 6 ~ 7 ‰, and the depth of water is 50 ~ 60cm, dissolved oxygen>=5g/m 3, water temperature is 20 ~ 25 DEG C, ammonia nitrogen≤0.4mg/L, and hydrogen sulphide≤0.1 mg/L, cultivates in pond and is equipped with breeding box, and breeding box is with 5 ~ 6/m 2scale be shelved on raft formula framework;
(2) selection of cultivation crab
The mud crab of selection body weight >=200g becomes crab as cultivating crab, and the shell of requirement cultivation crab is hard, look blue or green, appendage is complete, nothing is hindered, is quick on the draw, energetic;
(3) sterilization in cultivation pond
The disinfectant of splashing in cultivation pond carries out disinfection to cultivating pond, and disinfecting time is 24 ~ 48h, uses seawater flushing 2 ~ 3 times after sterilization, intakes, and leaves standstill 3 ~ 5 days, stand-by;
(4) input of cultivation crab
Cultivation Chi Shuizhong after sterilization adds potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride, and the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride in the water of pond is all reached after 10 ~ 15mg/L, throws in 1 mud crab in each breeding box;
(5) cultivation of soft crab
Cultivate after crab input, fasting in 1st ~ 2 days, starts the manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding on the 3rd day, wherein, 3rd ~ 7 days, in dusk every day, 17:00 ~ 18:00 threw something and fed once, and a day feeding volume is 3 ~ 5% of mud crab gross weight, the 8th day starts, in the morning, 8:00 ~ 9:00 respectively throws something and feeds once with dusk 17:00 ~ 18:00, and the morning, feeding volume was 3 ~ 5% of mud crab gross weight, and feeding volume is 8 ~ 10% of mud crab gross weight at dusk, throw something and feed continuously and within 4 ~ 6 days, stop to feed 1 day, circulation is thrown something and fed until shell according to this; Nurturing period, changed water 1/3 ~ 1/2 every 3 ~ 4 days, change after water and supplement potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride, make the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride in the water of pond all maintain original content.
2. the method for a kind of indoor culture soft shell mud crab according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), and the bleaching powder of the quicklime that described disinfectant is 300 ~ 320ppm or 200 ~ 220 ppm.
3. the method for a kind of indoor culture soft shell mud crab according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (4), mud crab is disinfection before input, the concrete grammar of processing of sterilization is: embathe 2 ~ 5h with 3 ~ 5% saline solution, embathe 20 ~ 30min with 10 ~ 12mg/L Eusol, or embathe 20 ~ 30min with 20 ~ 25mg/L liquor potassic permanganate.
4. the method for a kind of indoor culture soft shell mud crab according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (5), change water in the morning 5:00 ~ 7:00 carry out.
5. the method for a kind of indoor culture soft shell mud crab according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (5), described manufactured feed is made up of the component of following weight portion: 35 ~ 40 parts of fish meal, 10 ~ 15 parts of blood meals, 5 ~ 10 parts of shrimp head powders, 20 ~ 25 parts of soy bean powders, 10 ~ 15 parts of peanut meals, 3 ~ 5 parts of brewer's yeasts, 5 ~ 10 parts of wheat germ powders, 3 ~ 5 parts, fish oil, 3 ~ 5 parts of tanimoto powders, 5 ~ 10 parts, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis powder, 1 ~ 3 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 ~ 0.2 part of shelling element, 0.01 ~ 0.03 part of butylated hydroxy anisole, 0.01 ~ 0.03 part of dibutyl hydroxy toluene, 1 ~ 3 part of weighting agent, 1 ~ 3 part of composite feeding promoting agent, 0.3 ~ 0.5 part of compound vitamin additive, 0.1 ~ 0.3 part of composite mineral matter additive.
6. the method for a kind of indoor culture soft shell mud crab according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described weighting agent is mixed by xylo-oligosaccharide, cholesterol, dried orange peel powder, citric acid, bromelain, bacillus licheniformis, in weighting agent, the quality percentage composition of each component is: xylo-oligosaccharide 0.1 ~ 0.3%, cholesterol 5 ~ 10%, citric acid 1 ~ 3%, bromelain 1 ~ 3%, bacillus licheniformis 0.1 ~ 0.3%, dried orange peel powder surplus.
7. the method for a kind of indoor culture soft shell mud crab according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described composite feeding promoting agent is mixed by Kelp Powder, scallop powder, fish soluble slurry protein powder, albumen local flavor element, in composite feeding promoting agent, the quality percentage composition of each component is: scallop powder 10 ~ 15%, albumen local flavor element 5 ~ 10%, fish soluble slurry protein powder 5 ~ 10%, Kelp Powder surplus.
8. the method for a kind of indoor culture soft shell mud crab according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in every 1000g compound vitamin additive, contains 10 ~ 15g vitamin A, 3 ~ 5g vitamin D, 10 ~ 15g vitamin E, 10 ~ 15g Cobastab 1, 5 ~ 8g Cobastab 2, 5 ~ 8g Cobastab 3, 9 ~ 12g Cobastab 5, 9 ~ 12g Cobastab 6, 3 ~ 5g Cobastab 7, 2 ~ 5g Cobastab 11, 0.05 ~ 0.2g Cobastab 12, 130 ~ 160g inositol, 50 ~ 80g vitamin C, 2 ~ 8g vitamin K, all the other are wheat bran powder.
9. the method for a kind of indoor culture soft shell mud crab according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in every 1000g composite mineral matter additive, contain 100 ~ 120g sodium chloride, 100 ~ 150g ferrous bisglycinate chelate, 25 ~ 30g zinc methionine, 20 ~ 25g magnesium glycinate, 10 ~ 15g Mn-Gly, 15 ~ 20g cupric glycinate, 3 ~ 5g cobalt methionine, 0.1 ~ 0.3g Potassiumiodate, 0.01 ~ 0.03g sodium selenite, all the other are zeolite powder.
CN201310715395.9A 2013-12-23 2013-12-23 A kind of method of indoor culture soft shell mud crab Expired - Fee Related CN103843702B (en)

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