CN102687810B - Compound feed for Scylla serrata and preparation method of same - Google Patents
Compound feed for Scylla serrata and preparation method of same Download PDFInfo
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- CN102687810B CN102687810B CN 201210118535 CN201210118535A CN102687810B CN 102687810 B CN102687810 B CN 102687810B CN 201210118535 CN201210118535 CN 201210118535 CN 201210118535 A CN201210118535 A CN 201210118535A CN 102687810 B CN102687810 B CN 102687810B
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- 241000238095 Scylla serrata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 241000003595 Aurantiochytrium limacinum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- JEBFVOLFMLUKLF-IFPLVEIFSA-N Astaxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C1=C(C)C(=O)C(O)CC1(C)C)/C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)C(=O)C(O)CC2(C)C JEBFVOLFMLUKLF-IFPLVEIFSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004288 Sodium dehydroacetate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000013793 astaxanthin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- MQZIGYBFDRPAKN-ZWAPEEGVSA-N astaxanthin Chemical compound C([C@H](O)C(=O)C=1C)C(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)C(=O)[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C MQZIGYBFDRPAKN-ZWAPEEGVSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229940022405 astaxanthin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001168 astaxanthin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229940062672 calcium dihydrogen phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229940079839 sodium dehydroacetate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000019259 sodium dehydroacetate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- DSOWAKKSGYUMTF-GZOLSCHFSA-M sodium;(1e)-1-(6-methyl-2,4-dioxopyran-3-ylidene)ethanolate Chemical compound [Na+].C\C([O-])=C1/C(=O)OC(C)=CC1=O DSOWAKKSGYUMTF-GZOLSCHFSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylated hydroxyanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1.COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C(C)(C)C CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 compound vitamin Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940083466 soybean lecithin Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000006927 Foeniculum vulgare Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000004204 Foeniculum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004255 Butylated hydroxyanisole Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019282 butylated hydroxyanisole Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940043253 butylated hydroxyanisole Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PFRQBZFETXBLTP-RCIYGOBDSA-N 2-[(2e,6e,10e,14e,18e)-3,7,11,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaen-1-yl]-3-methyl-1,4-dihydronaphthalene-1,4-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(C/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/CCC=C(C)C)=C(C)C(=O)C2=C1 PFRQBZFETXBLTP-RCIYGOBDSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexa-Ac-myo-Inositol Natural products CC(=O)OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC(C)=O SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000367 inositol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N inositol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ISPYRSDWRDQNSW-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate Chemical compound O.[Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ISPYRSDWRDQNSW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940010250 vitamin k 2 Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009529 zinc sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019779 Rapeseed Meal Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000238102 Scylla Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 102000011842 Serrate-Jagged Proteins Human genes 0.000 abstract 1
- 108010036039 Serrate-Jagged Proteins Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000037208 balanced nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019046 balanced nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004456 rapeseed meal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 10
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241001533364 Portunus trituberculatus Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000238097 Callinectes sapidus Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013360 fish flour Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010044091 Globulins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000006395 Globulins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010064851 Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 241000238119 Xanthoidea Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003260 anti-sepsis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019789 appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036528 appetite Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compound feed for Scylla serrata, comprising fish meal, shrimp head powder, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, fish oil, soybean phosphatide powder, brewers yeast, choline chloride, molt hormone, bread flour, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dehydroacetate, butyl hydroxy anisole, astaxanthin, Schizochytrium limacinum, Bacillus licheniformis, a composite feeding promoting agent, a complex vitamin additive, a composite mineral matter additive and a composite adhesive. The feed has balanced nutrition, is resistant to spoilage, has a long storage life, not only reduces feed cost but also promotes the growth and improves the color of the Scylla serrate. In addition, the feed is friendly to environment, has good palatability and feed promoting effect, has high utilization efficiency and good stability in water, and can enhance the immunity and survival rate of scylla serrata. The invention also provides a preparation method for the compound feed for scylla serrata, which is simple in technology, with the function substance in raw material undestroyed in the preparation process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of fodder of aquaculture of aquatic animal, especially relate to a kind of mud crab mixed feed and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Mud crab, be called for short mud crab, have fast, individual big, the adaptability of growth and resistance against diseases is strong, easily transportation, meat flavour deliciousness, nutritious, characteristics such as culture benefit is good, quite be subjected to domestic and international producers and consumers's favor, be one of important marine economy cultivated crabs class of China.
Along with the breakthrough of mud crab artificial breeding technique, the improvement of cultural technique and the exploitation of multiple foster crab production model, blue crab cultivation has already obtained flourish, the breed scale constantly enlarges, output improves constantly, the blue crab cultivation development prospect is wide, the formation of its industry and sustainable development must be walked the road of healthy aquaculture, and healthy aquaculture is gone back requirement foot feed of fine quality to satisfy its nutritional need except supplying the good breeding environment of high-quality seed and maintenance.
At present, culture the used feed of mud crab and mainly be still natural baits such as natural small fish, shrimp and shellfish, the natural biological food resource is limited, can not guarantee timely capacity supply, and perishable, need freezing preservation, use also inconvenient, in addition, the trophic structure of natural bait is single, and the back of throwing something and feeding rots to decompose easily, ruins water quality, cause disease to spread, therefore be difficult to adapt to the foster crab industry of expansion day by day to the demand of bait.Though have a spot of producer small lot batch manufacture mud crab mixed feed now, but result of use is undesirable, its main cause is exactly not design, screen the prescription of its mixed feed according to the nutritional need of mud crab self, the back mud crab poor growth that causes feeding, serious not even shelling and cause death.
For example, Chinese patent publication number: CN1911082A in open day on February 14th, 2007, discloses a kind of young crabs during their later stage special compound feed and preparation method thereof.It is formed with content: protein 100, fat 10～25, fiber 1～7, calcium 4～8, total phosphorus 3.6～5, phosphatidase 14～7.During preparation, solid material is pulverized, sieves, is mixed, and solid mixture and peptone, fish slurry, edible oil mix: mixture modifier treatment, granulation, drying, cooling.But there is following several problem in the feed of this formulation: (1) this prescription is fit to mud crab young nutritional need, is not suitable for the nutritional need of mud crab forming stage; (2) lack phagostimulant, relatively poor to mud crab food calling effect, the residual waste of feed is more serious; (3) mixed feed lacks the shelling element, can not impel mud crab to shell smoothly, causes mud crab death easily; (4) contain fish slurry, grease etc. in the mixed feed and contain lipid material, owing to lack necessary anticorrisive agent, make feed putrid and deteriorated easily, mud crab ingests, and the back is easy to get intestines problem, thereby causes the mortality of crab.
In addition, Chinese patent publication number: CN101461460A, open day on June 24th, 2009, a kind of feed-formulating technique that improves crab cream content of portunid is disclosed, use following composition in its prescription: plurality of raw materials such as imported fish meal, defatted fish flour, shrimp chaff, dried shrimp, brewer's yeast, refined fish oil, fresh fish, rapeseed dregs, the cottonseed dregs of rice, dregs of beans, peanut meal cooperate, satisfy the nutritional need of swimming crab, improve crab cream content.Component ratio is: defatted fish flour 10%, imported fish meal 7%, globulin powder 2%, shrimp chaff 4%, dried shrimp 3%, fresh fish 6%, peanut meal 17%, dregs of beans 10, rapeseed dregs 5%, the cottonseed dregs of rice 5%, Strong flour 20%, inferior powder 5.55%, brewer's yeast 1%, refined fish oil 1%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, premix 1.45%.Its weak point is, the nutritional need of mud crab and Portunus trituberculatus Miers nutritional need are different, this mixed feed also is not suitable for the mud crab of throwing something and feeding, and contain fresh fish in this feed formula, the back of throwing something and feeding rots to decompose easily, ruins water quality, cause disease to spread, and it is plain not have shelling in this feed formula, easily cause swimming crab shelling difficulty, thereby the rate that causes death is higher.
Therefore, the nuisanceless serial mixed feed of research and development mud crab is the task of top priority that further promotes its healthy aquaculture.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be not suitable for for the mud crab mixed feed that overcomes prior art the nutritional need of forming stage, the food calling weak effect, easy corrupt rotten deficiency, provide a kind of balanced in nutrition, can promote growth, improve survival rate, food calling is effective, the utilization rate height is difficult for putrid and deteriorated and environment amenable mud crab mixed feed.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of mud crab mixed feed, and this preparation method's technology is simple, and the raw material functional mass can be not destroyed.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of mud crab mixed feed, by weight percentage, be grouped into by following one-tenth: fish meal 12 ~ 15%, shrimp head powder 0.5 ~ 1.5%, dregs of beans 25 ~ 30%, the dish dregs of rice 8 ~ 15%, fish oil 2 ~ 5%, soybean lecithin powder 3 ~ 5%, brewer's yeast 3 ~ 5%, Choline Chloride 0.2 ~ 0.5%, shelling element 0.1 ~ 0.3%, Strong flour 20 ~ 25%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 3 ~ 5%, sodium dehydroacetate 0.1 ~ 0.5%, butylated hydroxy anisole 0.01 ~ 0.03%, astaxanthin 0.3 ~ 0.5%, schizochytrium limacinum 0.03 ~ 0.05%, bacillus licheniformis 0.03 ~ 0.05%, composite feeding promoting agent 0.25 ~ 0.3%, compound vitamin additive 0.5 ~ 1.5%, composite mineral matter additive 1 ~ 3%, composite adhesive 1 ~ 3%, the percentage by weight sum of above-mentioned each component is 100%.In the feed formula, reduced the content of fish meal, added the dish dregs of rice, to reduce feed cost; It is plain to have added shelling in the feed, to promote the synthetic of the metabolism of mud crab body and body internal protein, improves the synchronism of immunity of organisms and shelling, can promote growth again, improves survival rate; Sodium dehydroacetate is a kind of mildew-resistant, antisepsis antistaling agent of safety-type, the shelf-life that can improve feed; Butylated hydroxy anisole is antioxidant, can delay the time that feed begins to ruin; Also add astaxanthin in the feed, can improve the color and luster of mud crab, thereby improved its commodity value; Schizochytrium limacinum contains a large amount of greases, and the similar content of fatty acid of structure is low, can improve the utilization ratio of feed; Bacillus licheniformis can be adjusted flora imbalance and reach therapeutic purposes, can impel body to produce antibacterial substance, kill pathogenic bacteria, can produce the resistant activity material, and have unique biological and take the oxygen mechanism of action by force, the growth and breeding that can suppress pathogenic bacteria, stimulate the growth of mud crab organ, strengthen crab body immunity, thereby can improve survival rate; Composite feeding promoting agent has better food calling effect, thereby improves the utilization rate of feed.
As preferably, described composite feeding promoting agent is by amino acid powder and the albumen local flavor is plain forms, and the weight percentage of each component is in the composite feeding promoting agent: amino acid powder 40 ~ 60%, albumen local flavor element 40 ~ 60%.Amino acid powder contains 18 kinds of free amino acids, can replenish the most effective 20% nutrition that runs off in the fish meal process, or the amino acid of the fish meal hypotrophy face of additional non-full fish processing, other nutrition is played synergistic effect, but flavouring increases aquatic foods and increases the palatability of feed, promotes the appetite of mud crab, in addition, amino acid powder has certain adhesive power, and the effect that the protection feed nutrition scatters and disappears and the enhancing pellet is finalized the design is arranged; Albumen local flavor element contains multiple proteins and aminoacid ingredient, can improve the palatability of feed, also has the food calling effect, can improve feed intake.By the composite made phagostimulant of amino acid powder and albumen local flavor element, food calling better effects if.
As preferably, in the described compound vitamin additive of every 1000g, contain vitamin A 10 ~ 15g, vitamin D 30 ~ 50g, vitamin E 90 ~ 100g, Cobastab
120 ~ 30g, Cobastab
220 ~ 30g, Cobastab
350 ~ 80g, Cobastab
590 ~ 110g, Cobastab
640 ~ 60g, Cobastab
720 ~ 30g, Cobastab
112 ~ 5g, Cobastab
120.05 ~ 0.2g, inositol 130 ~ 160g, vitamin C 50 ~ 80g, vitamin K 2 ~ 8g, all the other are the wheat bran powder.Compound vitamin additive is to satisfy mud crab to the demand of different vitamins, and the wheat bran powder is the carrier of various vitamins, and contain cellulose in the wheat bran powder, be conducive to promote the wriggling of mud crab stomach, the pass through speed of food in enteron aisle that slows down reaches absorbing other nutriments.
As preferably, in the described composite mineral matter additive of every 1000g, contain ironic citrate 10 ~ 15g, white vitriol 25 ~ 30g, epsom salt 0.1 ~ 0.15g, manganese sulfate monohydrate 10 ~ 15g, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 15 ~ 20g, CoCL2 3 ~ 5g, KI 0.02 ~ 0.04g, potassium chloride 10 ~ 15g, sodium selenite 0.01 ~ 0.03g, all the other are zeolite powder.The composite mineral matter additive guarantees the normal physiological metabolism of body to satisfy mud crab to the demand of different trace elements.
As preferably, described composite adhesive is made up of algin, tanimoto powder and dextrin, and the percentage by weight of each component is in the composite adhesive: algin 35 ~ 45%, tanimoto powder 30 ~ 40%, dextrin 20 ~ 30%.Composite adhesive is with the caking property that improves feed and the stability in water, thereby reduces dissolve-loss ratio, both can improve the utilization rate of feed, can reduce the pollution to water environment again.Algin has thickening property, stability and conformality, makes feed be difficult for molten loosing in water; Tanimoto powder contains a large amount of natural plant protein matter, and with after feed fully mixes, because it sticks ability by force, be shaped to particle easily, render in the water suction back feed by envelope in the wet gluten network structure and be suspended in water, nutrition can not lost, and can improve mud crab greatly to the utilization rate of feed; Dextrin is dissolved in has very strong viscosity in the water, can improve the stability of feed in water, thereby reduces dissolve-loss ratio.
A kind of preparation method of mud crab mixed feed may further comprise the steps:
(1) weighing: the percentage by weight by each component in the mud crab mixed feed takes by weighing each component.
(2) crushing screening: the fish meal, shrimp head powder, dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, soybean lecithin powder, brewer's yeast, Choline Chloride, shelling element, Strong flour, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dehydroacetate, butylhydroxy fennel, astaxanthin, schizochytrium limacinum, bacillus licheniformis, composite feeding promoting agent, compound vitamin additive, composite mineral matter additive and the composite adhesive that take by weighing are mixed, pulverize the back and cross 80 mesh sieves, obtain elementary compound.Earlier powdered components is mixed pulverizing, have thinner smashing fineness with the raw material that guarantees feed, and cross 80 mesh sieves, mixing uniformity, grain forming rate and mud crab the digesting and assimilating nutriment that can improve feed.
(3) mix: in the elementary compound that step (2) obtains, add fish oil, obtain final compound after mixing again.
(4) modified granulation: final compound is carried out making granular wet feed after the modifier treatment.Modified granular material is carried out maturation process, can promote the protein receptor thermal denaturation in the material, the albumen of sex change is easy to by enzymolysis, thereby improved the digestive utilization ratio of pellet, the modified resistance to water that also can significantly improve feed, in modified process, pass through the hydrothermal of steam, the effect that viscosity component gelatinized starch in the material, albuminate can be given full play to binding agent, other component of effective adhesive periphery can be arranged, make pellet become more closely knit, appearance is bright and clean, is difficult for being corroded by moisture in feeding process, has increased the stability in the water.
(5) dry packing: wet feed is carried out cold wind dehydrate and be cooled to room temperature, namely get mud crab mixed feed finished product after the packing.
As preferably, the temperature of modifier treatment is 60 ~ 70 ℃ in the step (4), and vapour pressure is 350 ~ 400Kpa, and the humidity of wet feed is 13 ~ 15%, and the modified time is 30 ~ 40 minutes.The temperature of modifier treatment is 60 ~ 70 ℃, can avoid Yin Gaowen and the destruction of causing functional mass in the raw material.
As preferably, the particle size of described wet feed is 3 ~ 5mm.
Therefore, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) balanced in nutrition, and reduced feed cost;
(2) be difficult for oxidation deterioration, the holding time is long;
(3) can improve the color and luster of mud crab, thereby improve its commodity value;
(4) can improve the synchronism of crab body immunity and shelling, can promote growth again, improve survival rate;
(5) improve palatability and the food calling effect of feed, improved mud crab greatly to the utilization rate of feed simultaneously;
(6) good stability in the water has reduced dissolve-loss ratio and to the pollution of environment;
(7) preparation process is simple, can avoid the destruction of raw material functional mass in the preparation process.
The specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.Should be appreciated that enforcement of the present invention is not limited to the following examples, any pro forma accommodation and/or change that the present invention is made all will fall into protection domain of the present invention.
In following examples, if not refer in particular to, all raw materials etc. all can be buied from market or the industry is commonly used,
Wherein, schizochytrium limacinum is available from the ecological Science and Technology Ltd. of Binzhou, Shandong Province Gang Zhenghai, and bacillus licheniformis is available from city far away, Zhuhai City medication chemistry Co., Ltd.
Embodiment 1
Take by weighing each component in the mixed feed by the percentage by weight shown in the table 1, wherein the percentage by weight of each component is as shown in table 2 in the composite feeding promoting agent, the composition of compound vitamin additive is as shown in table 3, the composition of composite mineral matter additive is as shown in table 4, and the percentage by weight of each component is as shown in table 5 in the composite adhesive.
With the fish meal that takes by weighing, shrimp head powder, dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, the soybean lecithin powder, brewer's yeast, Choline Chloride, shelling is plain, Strong flour, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dehydroacetate, the butylhydroxy fennel, astaxanthin, schizochytrium limacinum, bacillus licheniformis, composite feeding promoting agent, compound vitamin additive, composite mineral matter additive and composite adhesive mix, pulverize the back and cross 80 mesh sieves, obtain elementary compound, then in elementary compound, add fish oil, obtain final compound after mixing again, be 65 ℃ to final compound in temperature, vapour pressure is 350Kpa, the humidity of wet feed is to make graininess after modified 35 minutes under 13% the condition and particle size is the wet feed of 3 mm, at last wet feed is carried out cold wind and dehydrate and be cooled to room temperature, namely get mud crab mixed feed finished product after the packing.
Embodiment 2
Take by weighing each component in the mixed feed by the percentage by weight shown in the table 1, wherein the percentage by weight of each component is as shown in table 2 in the composite feeding promoting agent, the composition of compound vitamin additive is as shown in table 3, the composition of composite mineral matter additive is as shown in table 4, and the percentage by weight of each component is as shown in table 5 in the composite adhesive.
With the fish meal that takes by weighing, shrimp head powder, dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, the soybean lecithin powder, brewer's yeast, Choline Chloride, shelling is plain, Strong flour, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dehydroacetate, the butylhydroxy fennel, astaxanthin, schizochytrium limacinum, bacillus licheniformis, composite feeding promoting agent, compound vitamin additive, composite mineral matter additive and composite adhesive mix, pulverize the back and cross 80 mesh sieves, obtain elementary compound, then in elementary compound, add fish oil, obtain final compound after mixing again, be 60 ℃ to final compound in temperature, vapour pressure is 400Kpa, the humidity of wet feed is to make graininess after modified 30 minutes under 14% the condition and particle size is the wet feed of 4mm, at last wet feed is carried out cold wind and dehydrate and be cooled to room temperature, namely get mud crab mixed feed finished product after the packing.
Embodiment 3
Take by weighing each component in the mixed feed by the percentage by weight shown in the table 1, wherein the percentage by weight of each component is as shown in table 2 in the composite feeding promoting agent, the composition of compound vitamin additive is as shown in table 3, the composition of composite mineral matter additive is as shown in table 4, and the percentage by weight of each component is as shown in table 5 in the composite adhesive.
With the fish meal that takes by weighing, shrimp head powder, dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, the soybean lecithin powder, brewer's yeast, Choline Chloride, shelling is plain, Strong flour, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dehydroacetate, the butylhydroxy fennel, astaxanthin, schizochytrium limacinum, bacillus licheniformis, composite feeding promoting agent, compound vitamin additive, composite mineral matter additive and composite adhesive mix, pulverize the back and cross 80 mesh sieves, obtain elementary compound, then in elementary compound, add fish oil, obtain final compound after mixing again, be 70 ℃ to final compound in temperature, vapour pressure is 370Kpa, the humidity of wet feed is to make graininess after modified 40 minutes under 15% the condition and particle size is the wet feed of 5mm, at last wet feed is carried out cold wind and dehydrate and be cooled to room temperature, namely get mud crab mixed feed finished product after the packing.
The test example
Choose average weight and be totally 400 of the mud crabs of 10.5g, be that a component becomes test group 1, test group 2, test group 3,4 four test group of test group with 100, cultivating condition is all identical, test group 1, test group 2, test group 3 mixed feed of throwing something and feeding respectively and making by embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 wherein, the test group 4 natural small fish of throwing something and feeding, after carrying out one month breed, the average weight of each test group mud crab, average growth rate and survival rate are as shown in table 6.
Each weight percentages of components in each embodiment mixed feed of table 1
| Component | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 |
| Fish meal | 15% | 12% | 14% |
| Shrimp head powder | 1.5% | 1% | 0.5% |
| Dregs of beans | 30% | 29% | 25% |
| The dish dregs of rice | 8% | 15% | 14% |
| Fish oil | 5% | 4.5% | 2% |
| The soybean lecithin powder | 4% | 3% | 5% |
| Brewer's yeast | 4% | 3% | 5% |
| Choline Chloride | 0.5% | 0.2% | 0.4% |
| Shelling is plain | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% |
| Strong flour | 22% | 25% | 20% |
| Calcium dihydrogen phosphate | 3% | 3.75% | 5% |
| Sodium dehydroacetate | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.5% |
| Butylated hydroxy anisole | 0.01% | 0.02% | 0.03% |
| Astaxanthin | 0.33% | 0.3% | 0.5% |
| Schizochytrium limacinum | 0.03% | 0.04% | 0.05% |
| Bacillus licheniformis | 0.05% | 0.04% | 0.03% |
| Composite feeding promoting agent | 0.28% | 0.25% | 0.3% |
| Compound vitamin additive | 1% | 0.5% | 1.5% |
| The composite mineral matter additive | 3% | 1% | 2.69% |
| Compound binding agent | 2% | 1% | 3% |
The percentage by weight of each component in each embodiment composite feeding promoting agent of table 2
The composition of each embodiment compound vitamin additive of table 3
The composition of each embodiment composite mineral matter additive of table 4
The percentage by weight of each component in each embodiment composite adhesive of table 5
Average weight, average growth rate and the survival rate of each group mud crab in the table 6 test example
| Project | Test group 1 | Test group 2 | Test group 3 | Test group 4 |
| The feed of throwing something and feeding | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Natural small fish |
| Average weight (g) | 28.88 | 29.93 | 29.72 | 19.75 |
| Average growth rate (%) | 175.05 | 185.05 | 183.05 | 88.10 |
| Survival quantity (only) | 92 | 88 | 87 | 72 |
| Survival rate (%) | 92 | 88 | 87 | 72 |
As can be seen from Table 6, the throw something and feed test group of mud crab mixed feed of the present invention, the test group of natural small fish of throwing something and feeding has higher rate of body weight gain and survival rate, illustrate that mud crab mixed feed of the present invention is balanced in nutrition, not only be conducive to growing of mud crab, also can improve the survival rate of mud crab greatly.
Claims (4)
1. mud crab mixed feed, it is characterized in that, by weight percentage, be grouped into by following one-tenth: fish meal 12 ~ 15%, shrimp head powder 0.5 ~ 1.5%, dregs of beans 25 ~ 30%, the dish dregs of rice 8 ~ 15%, fish oil 2 ~ 5%, soybean lecithin powder 3 ~ 5%, brewer's yeast 3 ~ 5%, Choline Chloride 0.2 ~ 0.5%, shelling plain 0.1 ~ 0.3%, Strong flour 20 ~ 25%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 3 ~ 5%, sodium dehydroacetate 0.1 ~ 0.5%, butylated hydroxy anisole 0.01 ~ 0.03%, astaxanthin 0.3 ~ 0.5%, schizochytrium limacinum 0.03 ~ 0.05%, bacillus licheniformis 0.03 ~ 0.05%, composite feeding promoting agent 0.25 ~ 0.3%, compound vitamin additive 0.5 ~ 1.5%, composite mineral matter additive 1 ~ 3%, composite adhesive 1 ~ 3%, the percentage by weight sum of above-mentioned each component is 100%, wherein, described composite feeding promoting agent is made up of amino acid powder and albumen local flavor element, and the weight percentage of each component is in the composite feeding promoting agent: amino acid powder 40 ~ 60%, albumen local flavor element 40 ~ 60%, described composite adhesive is by algin, tanimoto powder and dextrin are formed, and the percentage by weight of each component is in the composite adhesive: algin 35 ~ 45%, tanimoto powder 30 ~ 40%, dextrin 20 ~ 30%, in the described compound vitamin additive of every 1000g, contain vitamin A 10 ~ 15g, vitamin D 30 ~ 50g, vitamin E 90 ~ 100g, Cobastab
120 ~ 30g, Cobastab
220 ~ 30g, Cobastab
350 ~ 80g, Cobastab
590 ~ 110g, Cobastab
640 ~ 60g, Cobastab
720 ~ 30g, Cobastab
112 ~ 5g, Cobastab
120.05 ~ 0.2g, inositol 130 ~ 160g, vitamin C 50 ~ 80g, vitamin K 2 ~ 8g, all the other are the wheat bran powder, in the described composite mineral matter additive of every 1000g, contain ironic citrate 10 ~ 15g, white vitriol 25 ~ 30g, epsom salt 0.1 ~ 0.15g, manganese sulfate monohydrate 10 ~ 15g, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 15 ~ 20g, CoCL2 3 ~ 5g, KI 0.02 ~ 0.04g, potassium chloride 10 ~ 15g, sodium selenite 0.01 ~ 0.03g, all the other are zeolite powder.
2. the preparation method of a mud crab mixed feed as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) weighing: the percentage by weight by each component in the mud crab mixed feed takes by weighing each component;
(2) crushing screening: the fish meal, shrimp head powder, dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, soybean lecithin powder, brewer's yeast, Choline Chloride, shelling element, Strong flour, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dehydroacetate, butylhydroxy fennel, astaxanthin, schizochytrium limacinum, bacillus licheniformis, composite feeding promoting agent, compound vitamin additive, composite mineral matter additive and the composite adhesive that take by weighing are mixed, pulverize the back and cross 80 mesh sieves, obtain elementary compound;
(3) mix: in the elementary compound that step (2) obtains, add fish oil, obtain final compound after mixing again;
(4) modified granulation: final compound is carried out making granular wet feed after the modifier treatment;
(5) dry packing: wet feed is carried out cold wind dehydrate and be cooled to room temperature, namely get mud crab mixed feed finished product after the packing.
3. preparation method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the temperature of modifier treatment is 60 ~ 70 ℃ in the step (4), and vapour pressure is 350 ~ 400KPa, and the humidity of wet feed is 13 ~ 15%, and the modified time is 30 ~ 40 minutes.
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described preparation methods, it is characterized in that the particle size of described wet feed is 3 ~ 5mm.
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| CN102018153A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-04-20 | 宁波海川水产饲料有限公司 | Feed for portunus trituberculatus miers |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103844141A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-06-11 | 浙江省海洋开发研究院 | Feed suitable for being used in growing period and fattening period of portunus trituberculatus and use method of feed |
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| CN102687810A (en) | 2012-09-26 |
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Application publication date: 20120926 Assignee: Zhoushan Zhujiajian Zhizhen Biological Oil Processing Factory Assignor: ZHEJIANG MARINE DEVELOPMENT Research Institute Contract record no.: X2023980044514 Denomination of invention: A formula feed for serrated green crab and its preparation method Granted publication date: 20130904 License type: Common License Record date: 20231026 Application publication date: 20120926 Assignee: ZHOUSHAN LONGHONG OCEAN BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd. Assignor: ZHEJIANG MARINE DEVELOPMENT Research Institute Contract record no.: X2023980044500 Denomination of invention: A formula feed for serrated green crab and its preparation method Granted publication date: 20130904 License type: Common License Record date: 20231026 |