CN102987134A - Yangtze river system eriocheir sinensis compound feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Yangtze river system eriocheir sinensis compound feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Yangtze river system eriocheir sinensis compound feed, which is prepared from the following materials: fish meal, bean pulp, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, peanut meal, corn germ meal, cuttlefish paste, shrimp meal, soybean phosphatide powder, soya-bean oil, fish oil, lard oil, monocalcium phosphate, high protein flour, shell pigment, trace elements for crab, complex vitamins for crab, choline chloride, a binder, zeolite powder, bacillus licheniformis premix, and astragalus polysaccharide premix. The preparation method of the Yangtze river system eriocheir sinensis compound feed comprises the steps of: mixing materials twice, evenly mixing, pelletizing, keeping warm, cooling, sieving, packaging and the like. The Yangtze river system eriocheir sinensis compound feed can enhance the disease resistance of the eriocheir sinensis, quickens the growth speed of the eriocheir sinensis, enriches crab roe and crab cream, improves the nutritive value of the eriocheir sinensis, increases production and improves productivity for a farmer. The digestion and absorption efficiency of the eriocheir sinensis on the materials can be effectively strengthened, and the stability of particles in water is strong.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aquatic product matched feed and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of Eriocheir sinensis in ChangJiang River mixed feed and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Eriocheir sinensis claims again river crab, and latin name Eriocheir sinensis is a kind of famous and precious aquatic products treasure.The river crab of at present China's cultivation is mainly from three large water systems, i.e. ChangJiang River, Liaohe River water system and the Oujiang River water system, and the advantage of ChangJiang River river crab is a lot, great advantage is fast growth, become the individual obvious kind greater than other water system of crab, be popular on the market, become topmost breed variety.At present, the production of river crab compound feed mainly is transformed from fish material, shrimp material, characteristics to Eriocheir sinensis in ChangJiang River do not have specific aim, can not satisfy the nutritional need of Eriocheir sinensis in ChangJiang River, use that the river crab of these feeds cultivation exists that the incidence of disease is high, the speed of growth not, the problem such as individual less than normal, crab cream and crab oil is discontented.The raiser usually adopts and mix Chinese medicine and Western medicine in feed, the methods such as chilled fish, the corn of throwing something and feeding in the later stage of throwing something and feeding in early stage and later stage address these problems, but these methods exist polluted water, antibiotic residue, inefficiency, high in cost of production shortcoming, can not effectively address these problems.Therefore, develop a kind of efficient, environment friendly compound feed for the Eriocheir sinensis in ChangJiang River growth and development characteristics and become the task of top priority.
In recent years, because people, develop little, evident in efficacy, the double Drug of toxic and side effect to the raising of the understanding of chemical synthetic drug toxic and side effect and trophism is more and more urgent in the demand of the Chinese herb feed additive of one.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the growth and development characteristics of Eriocheir sinensis in ChangJiang River and nutritional need and in conjunction with current cultivation present situation, a kind of Eriocheir sinensis in ChangJiang River mixed feed and preparation method thereof is provided, this mixed feed can strengthen Eriocheir sinensis resistance against diseases, accelerate the Eriocheir sinensis speed of growth, make crab oil and crab cream is more plentiful, improve the Eriocheir sinensis nutritive value, for the raiser increases production and improves productivity.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
The Eriocheir sinensis in ChangJiang River mixed feed is made by the raw material of following mass percent: fish meal 10～30%; Dregs of beans 10～15%; Cotton dregs 3～10%; The dish dregs of rice 3～4%; Peanut meal 8～15%; Corn germ cake 1～3%; Cuttlefish cream 1～3%; Shrimp med 2～5%; Soybean lecithin powder 1～2%; Soya-bean oil 0.5～1%; Fish oil 0.5～1%; Lard 0.5～1%; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1～2%; Strong flour 15～20%; Shelling element 0.01～0.05%; Crab is with micro-1～3%; Crab B B-complex 0.5～1%; 50% Choline Chloride 0.1～0.2%; Adhesive 0.2～0.5%; Zeolite powder 1～3%, bacillus licheniformis pre-mixing agent 0.05～0.15%; Astragalus polyose pre-mixing agent 0.01～0.02%.
The further improvement of the present invention scheme is: every kg crab with the content of each element in the trace element is: iron 7800～8200mg, copper 280～320mg, zinc 3200～3800mg, manganese 2400～2800mg, iodine 15～25mg, selenium 15～25mg, cobalt 25～35mg, magnesium 10000～14000mg.
The further improvement of the present invention scheme is: the content of each element is in every kg B B-complex: VA1 95000～110000IU, VD3 550000～650000IU, VE 2500～3500mg, VB1 700～900 mg, VB2 800～1000 mg, VB6 1200～1500 mg, VB12 8～12 mg, VK3 350～450 mg, nicotinic acid 400～500 mg, pantothenic acid 300～400 mg, folic acid 150～250 mg, VC fat 40000～50000 mg, inositol 10000～15000 mg.
The further improvement of the present invention scheme is: described Choline Chloride concentration is 50%.
The further improvement of the present invention scheme is: the viable count of described bacillus licheniformis pre-mixing agent 〉=20,000,000,000/g, enzyme activity 〉=2000IU/g.
The further improvement of the present invention scheme is: the content of active principle 〉=50% in the described astragalus polyose pre-mixing agent.
Prepare a kind of method of Eriocheir sinensis in ChangJiang River mixed feed, may further comprise the steps:
Raw material by described mass percent:
(1), with fish meal, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, the dish dregs of rice, peanut meal, corn germ cake, shrimp med through separating twice, granularity is less than 80 orders;
(2), cuttlefish cream is mixed with the dish dregs of rice, fish meal, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, peanut meal, corn germ cake, shrimp med, Strong flour, then mix with B B-complex, Choline Chloride, adhesive, zeolite powder, bacillus licheniformis pre-mixing agent and astragalus polyose pre-mixing agent with micro-, crab with soybean lecithin powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, shelling element, crab;
(3), continue to add soya-bean oil, fish oil, lard and mix, pulverize through micronizer, passed into water vapour modified 5～15 minutes by quality-adjusting device, enter the extruding granulator feed granules of granulating to get, 80～100 ℃ of pelleting temperatures;
(4), feed granules is put into curing box, pass into steam toward the curing box interlayer, be incubated 25～35 minutes;
(5), the feed granules that step (4) is obtained cools off, sieves, packs.
The further improvement of the present invention scheme is: the feed granules diameter is 1.5～4.0mm, length 2.0～6.0mm.
Astragalus polyose includes the multiple nutrients materials such as amino acid, vitamin, trace element, contains UGF (UGF).Astragalus polyose has the utilization that improves nutriment, promotes the function of growth of animal.Astragalus polyose is a kind of derivant simultaneously, can stimulate the function of aquatic livestock macrophage and T cell, thereby reach antiviral purpose.
Bacillus licheniformis cellular morphology and arrangement are shaft-like, Dan Sheng, and the capable of regulating flora imbalance reaches therapeutic purposes, can impel body to produce antibacterial substance, kill pathogenic bacteria.Can produce the resistant activity material, and have unique biology and take the oxygen mechanism of action by force, can suppress the growth and breeding of pathogenic bacteria.Can effectively prevent the diseases such as aquatic products animal intestine inflammation, gill rot.Can decompose the poisonous and harmful substance in the culturing pool, purify water.Have stronger protease, lipase, diastatic activity, promote nutrient degraded in the feed, make the aquatic product animal more abundant to absorbing of feed.Bacillus licheniformis can stimulate the growth of aquatic livestock immune organ simultaneously, strengthens immunity of organisms.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, added astragalus polysaccharide extract, can strengthen the immunity of Eriocheir sinensis in ChangJiang River, improved the disease resistivity, astragalus polyose can promote the speed of growth of Eriocheir sinensis simultaneously, puts on weight.
2, added bacillus licheniformis, can prevent and treat the diseases such as Eriocheir sinensis in ChangJiang River enteritis, the mashed cheek, strengthened immunity of organisms, improved the efficient of digesting and assimilating of feed, bacillus licheniformis can purify water simultaneously.
3, the different fat source such as soya-bean oil, fish oil, lard have been added, make various aliphatic acid form complementation, satisfied the demand of Eriocheir sinensis in ChangJiang River to different aliphatic acid, the lard that adds simultaneously contains higher-energy, have the crab oil of making, crab cream is more plentiful, improves the breed variety local flavor.
4, adopted ultramicro grinding and curing process, can effectively strengthen Eriocheir sinensis to the efficient of digesting and assimilating of raw material, the amount of cure of starch is higher simultaneously, strengthens the stability of particle in water.
The specific embodiment
Further specify technical solution of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, embodiment only is used for explaining the present invention, does not consist of the restriction to protection domain of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: prepare according to the following steps mixed feed:
(1), takes by weighing respectively raw material by following mass percent: fish meal: 10%; Dregs of beans: 15%; Cotton dregs 10%; The dish dregs of rice: 4%; Peanut meal: 15%; Corn germ cake: 3%; Cuttlefish cream: 3%; Shrimp med: 5%; Soybean lecithin powder: 2%; Soya-bean oil: 1%; Fish oil: 1%; Lard: 1%; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 2%; Strong flour: 20%; Shelling element: 0.05%; Crab is with micro-: 3%; Crab B B-complex: 1%; 50% Choline Chloride: 0.2%; Adhesive: 0.5%; Zeolite powder: 3.13%; Bacillus licheniformis pre-mixing agent: 0.1%; Astragalus polyose pre-mixing agent: 0.02%;
Wherein every kg crab with the content of each element in the trace element is: iron 7800mg, copper 285mg, zinc 3500mg, manganese 2530mg, iodine 18mg, selenium 18mg, cobalt 20mg, magnesium 13500mg; The content of each element is in every kg B B-complex: VA100000IU, VD3 558000IU, VE 2650mg, VB1 780 mg, VB2 890 mg, VB6 1430 mg, VB12 9 mg, VK3 375 mg, nicotinic acid 435 mg, pantothenic acid 365 mg, folic acid 168 mg, VC fat 45600 mg, inositol 12500 mg; 25,000,000,000 of the viable counts of every g bacillus licheniformis pre-mixing agent, enzyme activity 2250IU; The content of active principle is 55% in the astragalus polyose pre-mixing agent;
(2), with fish meal, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, dish cypress, peanut meal, corn germ cake, shrimp med through separating twice, granularity is 90 orders;
(3), cuttlefish cream is mixed with the dish dregs of rice, fish meal, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, peanut meal, corn germ cake, shrimp med, Strong flour, then mix with B B-complex, 50% Choline Chloride, adhesive, zeolite powder, bacillus licheniformis pre-mixing agent and astragalus polyose pre-mixing agent with micro-, crab with soybean lecithin powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, shelling element, crab;
(4), continue to add soya-bean oil, fish oil, lard and mix, pulverize through micronizer, passed into steam modified 8 minutes by quality-adjusting device, enter the extruding granulator feed granules of granulating to get, 85 ℃ of pelleting temperatures, feed granules diameter are 3mm, length 4mm;
(5), feed granules is put into curing box, pass into steam toward the curing box interlayer, be incubated 28 minutes;
(6), the feed granules that step (5) is obtained cools off, sieves, packs.
Embodiment 2: prepare according to the following steps mixed feed:
(1), takes by weighing respectively the raw material of each component by following mass percent: fish meal: 21%; Dregs of beans: 15%; Cotton dregs 6%; The dish dregs of rice: 3%; Peanut meal: 12%; Corn germ cake: 3%; Cuttlefish cream: 3%; Shrimp med: 3%; Soybean lecithin powder: 2%; Soya-bean oil: 1%; Fish oil: 1%; Lard: 1%; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 2%; Strong flour: 20%; Shelling element: 0.05%; Crab is with micro-: 3%; Crab B B-complex: 1%; 50% Choline Chloride: 0.2%; Adhesive: 0.5%; Zeolite powder: 3.13%; Bacillus licheniformis pre-mixing agent: 0.1%; Astragalus polyose pre-mixing agent: 0.02%;
Wherein every kg crab with the content of each element in the trace element is: iron 790mg, copper 295mg, zinc 3360mg, manganese 2550mg, iodine 18mg, selenium 18mg, cobalt 28mg, magnesium 11500mg; The content of each element is in every kg B B-complex: VA1 100500IU, VD3 580000IU, VE 2900mg, VB1 760 mg, VB2 890 mg, VB6 1400 mg, VB12 8mg, VK3 380 mg, nicotinic acid 420 mg, pantothenic acid 360 mg, folic acid 160 mg, VC fat 45500 mg, inositol 13200 mg; 23,500,000,000 of the viable counts of every g bacillus licheniformis pre-mixing agent, enzyme activity 2500IU; The content of active principle is 51% in the astragalus polyose pre-mixing agent;
(2), with fish meal, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, dish cypress, peanut meal, corn germ cake, shrimp med through separating twice, granularity is 85 orders;
(3), cuttlefish cream is mixed with the dish dregs of rice, fish meal, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, peanut meal, corn germ cake, shrimp med, Strong flour, then mix with B B-complex, 50% Choline Chloride, adhesive, zeolite powder, bacillus licheniformis pre-mixing agent and astragalus polyose pre-mixing agent with micro-, crab with soybean lecithin powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, shelling element, crab;
(4), continue to add soya-bean oil, fish oil, lard and mix, pulverize through micronizer, passed into steam modified 10 minutes by quality-adjusting device, enter the extruding granulator feed granules of granulating to get, 90 ℃ of pelleting temperatures, feed granules diameter are 2mm, length 5mm;
(5), feed granules is put into curing box, pass into steam toward the curing box interlayer, be incubated 30 minutes;
(6), the feed granules that step (5) is obtained cools off, sieves, packs.
Embodiment 3: prepare according to the following steps mixed feed:
(1), takes by weighing respectively the raw material of each component by following mass percent: fish meal: 28%; Dregs of beans: 10%; Cotton dregs 5%; The dish dregs of rice: 3%; Peanut meal: 10%; Corn germ cake: 3%; Cuttlefish cream: 3%; Shrimp med: 3%; Soybean lecithin powder: 2%; Soya-bean oil: 1%; Fish oil: 1%; Lard: 1%; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 2%; Strong flour: 20%; Shelling element: 0.05%; Crab is with micro-: 3%; Crab B B-complex: 1%; 50% Choline Chloride: 0.2%; Adhesive: 0.5%; Zeolite powder: 3.13%; Bacillus licheniformis pre-mixing agent: 0.1%; Astragalus polyose pre-mixing agent: 0.02%;
Wherein every kg crab with the content of each element in the trace element is: iron 8000mg, copper 300mg, zinc 3500mg, manganese 2600mg, iodine 20mg, selenium 20mg, cobalt 30mg, magnesium 13000mg; The content of each element is in every kg B B-complex: VA1 99000IU, VD3 600000IU, VE 3000mg, VB1 780 mg, VB2 920 mg, VB6 1320 mg, VB12 11 mg, VK3 390 mg, nicotinic acid 430 mg, pantothenic acid 390 mg, folic acid 190 mg, VC fat 46500 mg, inositol 13200 mg; 24,000,000,000 of the viable counts of every g bacillus licheniformis pre-mixing agent, enzyme activity 2350IU; The content of active principle is 56% in the astragalus polyose pre-mixing agent;
(2), with fish meal, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, dish cypress, peanut meal, corn germ cake, shrimp med through separating twice, granularity is 100 orders;
(3), cuttlefish cream is mixed with the dish dregs of rice, fish meal, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, peanut meal, corn germ cake, shrimp med, Strong flour, then mix with B B-complex, 50% Choline Chloride, adhesive, zeolite powder, bacillus licheniformis pre-mixing agent and astragalus polyose pre-mixing agent with micro-, crab with soybean lecithin powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, shelling element, crab;
(4), continue to add soya-bean oil, fish oil, lard and mix, pulverize through micronizer, passed into steam modified 9 minutes by quality-adjusting device, enter the extruding granulator feed granules of granulating to get, 95 ℃ of pelleting temperatures, feed granules diameter are 3mm, length 4mm;
(5), feed granules is put into curing box, pass into steam toward the curing box interlayer, be incubated 32 minutes;
(6), the feed granules that step (5) is obtained cools off, sieves, packs.
The invention will be further described below by test:
With feedstuff feeding Eriocheir sinensis in ChangJiang River provided by the invention, in the pond, carry out culture experiment.
(1) test period: test is divided into test group and control group, the test group feed of specifically throwing something and feeding is combined as embodiment 2 feeds of throwing something and feeding February 20 to April 30, embodiment 1 feed of throwing something and feeding May 1 to July 10, embodiment 3 feeds of throwing something and feeding September 20 July 10, control group only throw something and feed corn and wheat.On average about 3%, morning every day, 8:00 and late 18:00's throwing amount of raising altogether threw something and fed twice.
(2) test crab kind: crab kind specification is 15.0
+2.0g, soak sterilization in 5 minutes with 3% saline solution before the lower pool.Selected test pond is the pond of conditional likelihood, 25 mu in every mouthful of pond, each 3 mouthfuls of test group and control groups, 1000/mu of stocking rates, male and female half and half.
(3) survival rate is calculated, crab number of elements before crab number of elements after survival rate (%)=test/test * 100%.
(4) the relative weight gain rate is calculated, the relative weight gain rate (%)=(W
2-W
1)/W
1* 100%
, W in the formula
1Be crab gross weight before on-test, W
2For surviving the crab gross weight after the off-test.
(5) result of the test is as follows:
Result of the test shows, use Eriocheir sinensis in ChangJiang River mixed feed of the present invention can make the specification of the Eriocheir sinensis in ChangJiang River contrast group of corresponding 3 embodiment test group increase respectively 26.7%, 25%, 29.17%, per mu yield increases respectively 36.4%, 30.8%, 45.1%.
Claims (8)
1. Eriocheir sinensis in ChangJiang River mixed feed, it is characterized in that: the raw material by following mass percent is made: fish meal 10～30%; Dregs of beans 10～15%; Cotton dregs 3～10%; The dish dregs of rice 3～4%; Peanut meal 8～15%; Corn germ cake 1～3%; Cuttlefish cream 1～3%; Shrimp med 2～5%; Soybean lecithin powder 1～2%; Soya-bean oil 0.5～1%; Fish oil 0.5～1%; Lard 0.5～1%; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1～2%; Strong flour 15～20%; Shelling element 0.01～0.05%; Crab is with micro-1～3%; Crab B B-complex 0.5～1%; 50% Choline Chloride 0.1～0.2%; Adhesive 0.2～0.5%; Zeolite powder 1～3%, bacillus licheniformis pre-mixing agent 0.05～0.15%; Astragalus polyose pre-mixing agent 0.01～0.02%.
2. a kind of Eriocheir sinensis in ChangJiang River mixed feed as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: every kg crab with the content of each element in the trace element is: iron 7800～8200mg, copper 280～320mg, zinc 3200～3800mg, manganese 2400～2800mg, iodine 15～25mg, selenium 15～25mg, cobalt 25～35mg, magnesium 10000～14000mg.
3. a kind of Eriocheir sinensis in ChangJiang River mixed feed as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the content of each element is in every kg B B-complex: VA1 95000～110000IU, VD3 550000～650000IU, VE 2500～3500mg, VB1 700～900 mg, VB2 800～1000 mg, VB6 1200～1500 mg, VB12 8～12 mg, VK3 350～450 mg, nicotinic acid 400～500 mg, pantothenic acid 300～400 mg, folic acid 150～250 mg, VC fat 40000～50000 mg, inositol 10000～15000 mg.
4. a kind of Eriocheir sinensis in ChangJiang River mixed feed as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Choline Chloride concentration is 50%.
5. a kind of Eriocheir sinensis in ChangJiang River mixed feed as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the viable count of described bacillus licheniformis pre-mixing agent 〉=20,000,000,000/g, enzyme activity 〉=2000IU/g.
6. a kind of Eriocheir sinensis in ChangJiang River mixed feed as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the content of active principle 〉=50% in the described astragalus polyose pre-mixing agent.
7. the method for preparing the described a kind of Eriocheir sinensis in ChangJiang River mixed feed of claim 1 to 6 is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
Raw material by mass percent claimed in claim 1:
(1), with fish meal, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, the dish dregs of rice, peanut meal, corn germ cake, shrimp med through separating twice, granularity is less than 80 orders;
(2), cuttlefish cream is mixed with the dish dregs of rice, fish meal, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, peanut meal, corn germ cake, shrimp med, Strong flour, then mix with B B-complex, Choline Chloride, adhesive, zeolite powder, bacillus licheniformis pre-mixing agent and astragalus polyose pre-mixing agent with micro-, crab with soybean lecithin powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, shelling element, crab;
(3), continue to add soya-bean oil, fish oil, lard and mix, pulverize through micronizer, passed into water vapour modified 5～15 minutes by quality-adjusting device, enter the extruding granulator feed granules of granulating to get, 80～100 ℃ of pelleting temperatures;
(4), feed granules is put into curing box, pass into steam toward the curing box interlayer, be incubated 25～35 minutes;
(5), the feed granules that step (4) is obtained cools off, sieves, packs.
8. prepare the method for a kind of Eriocheir sinensis in ChangJiang River mixed feed claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: the feed granules diameter is 1.5～4.0mm, length 2.0～6.0mm.
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| CN105410462A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-23 | 全椒县天润生态养殖专业合作社 | Feed for promoting growth of river crab |
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| CN106720942A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 上海创博生态工程有限公司 | A kind of additive for microbe feedstuff for improving Eriocheir sinensis meat and preparation method thereof |
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| CN108065134A (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-05-25 | 浙江新篁生物技术有限公司 | A kind of Eriocheir sinensis feed addictive and its manufacturing method |
| CN108902544A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-30 | 西南大学 | Feed for Eriocheir sinensis fattening |
| CN108902546A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-30 | 西南大学 | A kind of Eriocheir sinensis fattening feed that can improve crab meat quality |
| CN108902545A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-30 | 西南大学 | A kind of Eriocheir sinensis fattening feed that biofermentation is modified |
| CN108850707A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-23 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | A kind of Eriocheir sinensis promotees shell feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN108850705A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-23 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Nutrient enrichment fodder and preparation method thereof after a kind of Eriocheir sinensis shell |
| CN108902551A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-30 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | A kind of Eriocheir sinensis summer high temperature promotees digestion feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN109997744A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2019-07-12 | 三门县绿洋特种水产养殖专业合作社 | Feed formula of the autumn crab in aquaculture net cage and fat up method |
| CN108850729A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-11-23 | 安徽金牧饲料有限公司 | One kind containing compound probiotic and Chinese herbal medicine feed for river crab |
| CN113040293A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-06-29 | 南京农业大学 | Feed fat source for improving muscle flavor of river crabs and application research thereof |
| CN114208975A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-22 | 盐城恒兴饲料有限公司 | Compound feed for improving immunity of eriocheir sinensis and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20130327 |