CN103842681A - 尤其用于商用车的盘式制动器以及用于盘式制动器的制动衬片 - Google Patents

尤其用于商用车的盘式制动器以及用于盘式制动器的制动衬片 Download PDF

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CN103842681A
CN103842681A CN201280047933.5A CN201280047933A CN103842681A CN 103842681 A CN103842681 A CN 103842681A CN 201280047933 A CN201280047933 A CN 201280047933A CN 103842681 A CN103842681 A CN 103842681A
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CN103842681B (zh
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沃尔夫冈·帕勒
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Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/226Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/02Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/06Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels
    • B60T1/065Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels employing disc
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/18Mechanical mechanisms
    • F16D2125/58Mechanical mechanisms transmitting linear movement
    • F16D2125/587Articulation, e.g. ball-socket
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种尤其是用于商用车的盘式制动器,具有搭接制动盘(3)的制动卡钳(1),在所述制动卡钳中借助于至少一个压紧装置对能够从两侧向制动盘(3)压紧的、分别具有衬片承载板(6)和固定在其上的摩擦衬片(7)的制动衬片(4,5)进行定位,其中压紧装置具有在端面作用在衬片承载板(6)上的至少一个制动柱塞(8),这样设计盘式制动器,将制动衬片(4,5)中的至少一个铰接地、优选为可倾斜地安置在制动盘(3)的径向方向上。

Description

尤其用于商用车的盘式制动器以及用于盘式制动器的制动衬片
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的尤其用于商用车的盘式制动器以及一种用于盘式制动器的制动衬片。
背景技术
为了对车辆进行制动,借助于气动或电机驱动的压紧装置使制动衬片利用其摩擦衬片从两侧向制动盘压紧,其中由于动能转换而形成摩擦热,所述摩擦热显著地引起制动盘变热。
该热量的引入导致通常设计为环形的制动盘的径向膨胀。
然而,在具有管形的或锥形的颈部段的常规的制动盘中,这种膨胀被阻碍,由此制动盘也以被比作“伞形”的方式可逆地变形。
高热负荷与制动盘被抑制的径向膨胀相结合,能够导致超过材料屈服极限的高机械压力应变。然后,在冷却时和在应变下降时会造成超过材料的抗拉强度,由此形成总是继续扩展的表面裂纹。
另一方面,“伞形”导致了制动衬片的不均匀的表面承压图,并伴随着引入热量的集中和制动盘的局部过热。
为了防止前述情况,已经提出下述解决方案:其中通过将制动盘的摩擦环与制动盘颈在结构上分离来实现均匀的膨胀,由于该均匀的膨胀而在材料中形成并不过高的应变、并且保持制动盘是平坦的。然而这些解决方案仅能够以大量的制造耗费来实现。
通过弹性的、所谓等压制动衬片来实现热量输入的优化,尤其是防止制动盘局部过热,然而,总所周知,所述等压制动衬片需要极其复杂的、占据空间的衬片设计,并且所述等压制动衬片也还仅适合于例如在火车制动器中所采用的低制动压紧力。
发明内容
本发明基于下述目的:进一步改进普通类型的盘式制动器以及制动衬片,从而改进盘式制动器的功能可靠性并且延长制动盘和制动衬片的使用寿命。
所述目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的盘式制动器和通过具有权利要求10的特征的制动衬片来实现。
本发明可实现盘式制动器的由热引起的径向膨胀,因此上文所描述的当该膨胀受到阻碍时所产生的后果不会发生。制动衬片的安装在其动作方面相应于所提及的子衬片制动盘,然而与此不同的是,在其可负荷性,即传递制动压紧力的能力方面,与商用车中通常使用的制动衬片相比没有改变。
除了在制动盘的“伞”作用期间更加均匀的热量和压力分布之外,改进的设计也能够降低制动盘和制动衬片的如至今为止出现的径向倾斜磨损。
尤其要强调的是,本发明能够借助结构上的和制造方面的低耗费来实现,即基本上是成本中性的。
与之相对,具有显著更高的制动盘的寿命以及功能可靠性方面的收益。这首先从避免形成制动盘或制动盘环的裂纹且不需要过早地更换制动盘而得出。
在本文中,也可以提及盘式制动器整体上运行可靠性的提高,该运行可靠性的提高尤其从下述方面得出:防止在盘式制动器的运行期间通过裂纹形成而出现的制动盘的损坏、可能甚至整个盘式制动器的损坏。
在固定卡钳式制动器中,通过两个分别配设有至少一个制动柱塞的压紧装置将两个制动衬片压紧到制动盘上,滑动卡钳-盘式制动器根据作用原理来工作。在此,首先借助于压紧装置将压紧侧的制动衬片挤压到制动盘上,所述制动盘随后成为滑动卡钳的支座,所述滑动卡钳在驱动相对的反应侧的制动衬片的同时被推向与第一压紧方向相反的方向,直到反应侧的制动衬片摩擦地贴靠在制动盘上。
在该情况下,根据本发明,反应侧的衬片承载板铰接地、优选能倾斜地安置在制动卡钳的后侧的壁部上,为此,制动卡钳的壁和朝向所述壁的衬片承载板被相应地进行配置。
为此,根据本发明的一个有利的改进形式,将横截面是凸形拱起的隆起部模制到衬片承载板或制动卡钳的壁上,该隆起部匹配于适于凸起部的轮廓的、支撑在其上的相对部分的凹部。在此,隆起部实际上条状地沿横跨制动盘轴线的制动衬片的纵向方向延伸。
代替条,衬片承载板或制动卡钳的壁能够设有多个冠状的成形件,所述成形件接合到相反侧的匹配于此的球帽形的凹处中。
这种构成方案在压紧侧的衬片承载板上在制动柱塞的压紧区域中是适用的,其中制动柱塞由可转动地保持在桥件中的调节心轴和抗转动地保持在衬片承载板上的、与调节心轴可转动地连接的受压件组成,所述受压件的贴靠衬片承载板的自由端面或者形成为冠状成形的凸起部或者具有球帽状的容纳部。
然而也能够考虑的是,受压件铰接地结合在调节心轴上,使得可实现在制动盘的径向方向上进行倾斜运动。在该情况下,受压件和衬片承载板的接触面可以是平坦的或者具有不同的轮廓。
隆起部或凹部能够设置在贴靠于此的单独的受压板中而不是直接地设置在衬片承载板上或其中。
本发明的另外的有利的构成方案由从属权利要求所表征。
附图说明
下面,根据所附的附图描述本发明的实施例。
其示出:
图1至3示出根据本发明的盘式制动器的不同的实施例的分别的剖面图
图4和5示出根据本发明的制动衬片的实施例
图6示出盘式制动器的细节的侧视图。
具体实施方式
在图1至3中分别示出盘式制动器、尤其是用于商用车的盘式制动器的部分断面图,其具有搭接制动盘3的、设计为滑动卡钳的制动卡钳1,所述制动卡钳具有两个能够从两侧向制动盘3压紧的制动衬片4、5,所述制动衬片分别具有衬片承载板6和固定在其上的摩擦衬片7。
在设置在压紧侧的制动衬片4中接合制动柱塞8,所述制动柱塞具有调节心轴9和可转动地保持在其上的受压件10,所述受压件贴靠制动衬片4的衬片承载板6,其中制动柱塞8是压紧装置的组成部分,借助所述压紧装置能够在制动的情况下使制动柱塞8向制动衬片4进而向制动盘3压紧。
在图1中示出的实施例中,反应侧的制动衬片5可倾斜地安置在制动盘3的径向方向上。
为此,衬片承载板6具有球帽形的凹部12,如其在图5中可见的能够作为制动衬片5的一个实施例,其中在此设有两个彼此间隔设置的凹部12,制动卡钳1的后侧的壁部的冠状的隆起部11置入到所述凹部中。
在此,隆起部11通过引入到壁2中的插入件形成,所述插入件因此形状配合、摩擦配合或材料配合地被连接。
在图2中示出的作为对应于图4中的摩擦衬片的变型形式中,隆起部11构成为横截面凸形成形的条,所述条接合到匹配于此的、在衬片承载板6的整个长度之上延伸的、构成为凹槽的凹部12中。
在隆起部11能够在由铸铁构成的制动卡钳1中浇铸时模制其中,当衬片承载板6由金属板构成时,凹部12在根据图4和5的制动衬片中能够以切削加工的方式或通过冲压来引入。在构成为浇铸件的情况下,凹部12同样能够在浇铸期间引入。在图3中可看出:压紧侧的制动衬片4的衬片承载板6设有相应于图5的球帽状的凹处12,将受压件10的冠状成形的端面置入到所述凹处中,使得也在此可滑动地安置制动衬片4。
具有冠状的受压件10的调节心轴8详细地在图6中示出。

Claims (12)

1.一种尤其是用于商用车的盘式制动器,具有搭接制动盘(3)的制动卡钳(1),在所述制动盘的两侧设置借助于至少一个压紧装置向所述制动盘(3)压紧的、分别具有衬片承载板(6)和固定在所述衬片承载板上的摩擦衬片(7)的制动衬片(4,5),其中所述制动压紧装置具有在端面侧作用在所述衬片承载板(6)上的至少一个制动柱塞(8),其特征在于,所述制动衬片(4,5)中的至少一个铰接地、优选能倾斜地安置在所述制动盘(3)的径向方向上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,所述衬片承载板(6)与所述制动柱塞(8)的受压件(10)或者所述制动卡钳(1)的后侧的壁(2)具有彼此相对应的倾斜元件。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,所述倾斜元件由隆起部(11)和与所述隆起部匹配的凹部(12)组成。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,所述隆起部(11)在横截面中设计为凸形的。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,所述隆起部(11)条状地布置在所述衬片承载板(6)或邻近的受压板、所述受压件(10)或所述壁(2)中。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,所述隆起部(11)作为插入件保持在所述壁(2)或所述受压件(10)中。
7.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,所述隆起部(11)模制在所述受压件(10)上。
8.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,所述凹部(12)在所述衬片承载板(6)或所述受压板的整个长度或子区域上延伸。
9.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,所述受压件(10)能倾斜地固定在所述制动柱塞(8)的调节心轴(9)上。
10.一种用于盘式制动器的制动衬片,具有衬片承载板(6)和固定在所述衬片承载板上的摩擦衬片(7),其特征在于,所述衬片承载板(6)具有带有拱形的基面的至少一个凹部(12)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的制动衬片,其特征在于,所述凹部(12)设计为在所述衬片承载板(6)的长度上延伸的凹槽。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的制动衬片,其特征在于,所述衬片承载板(6)具有至少一个球帽形的凹部(12)。
CN201280047933.5A 2011-09-28 2012-09-27 尤其用于商用车的盘式制动器以及用于盘式制动器的制动衬片 Active CN103842681B (zh)

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