CN103827274B - 滑动构件和滑动材料组合物 - Google Patents

滑动构件和滑动材料组合物 Download PDF

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CN103827274B
CN103827274B CN201280046265.4A CN201280046265A CN103827274B CN 103827274 B CN103827274 B CN 103827274B CN 201280046265 A CN201280046265 A CN 201280046265A CN 103827274 B CN103827274 B CN 103827274B
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granule
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CN103827274A (zh
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富川贵志
千年俊之
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Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明的目的是提供一种能够快速包裹配合件并在包裹后降低所述配合件的表面粗糙度的滑动构件。本发明涉及一种用于与经历过硬化处理的配合件滑动的滑动构件，滑动构件包括含有粘合剂树脂、二硫化钼和块状硬质物颗粒的被覆层。

Description

滑动构件和滑动材料组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种适合于经历硬化处理的配合件的滑动构件和滑动材料组合物。
背景技术
通常，为了向机械的滑动部提供润滑，将每个滑动构件的表面都被覆有滑动材料组合物，该滑动材料组合物将要用作每个滑动部润滑薄膜。因此，要求这种类型的滑动材料组合物应该是具有低摩擦特性、优异的耐磨损性以便即使在长期使用后也不磨破，并且与配合件良好匹配的润滑薄膜。
作为常规滑动材料组合物，已知的是含有硬质粉末、固体润滑剂和树脂粘合剂的滑动材料组合物（参见专利文献1至3）。
引用文献名单
专利文献
专利文献1：日本专利No.4004631
专利文献2：JP-A-H10-37962
专利文献3：JP-A-2002-53883
发明内容
本发明待解决的问题
包含在滑动材料组合物中的硬质粉末预期具有所谓的包裹效应，该包裹效应可以通过包裹配合件的粗糙部分使配合件的表面光滑。然而，由上述的技术提供的包裹效应是不足的。例如，专利文献1中所描述的锐角颗粒预期可以具有快速包裹效应，然而，由于包裹效应在转变成光滑表面后还会发生，因此配合件继续被磨损掉，即使在包裹后也引起配合件表面粗糙度的增加。此外，尽管当如专利文献2中所述使用球形颗粒时配合材料在包裹后的表面粗糙度足够，但存在着包裹速度慢的问题。
本发明的目的是提供一种能够快速包裹配合件，并在包裹后降低配合件的表面粗糙度的滑动构件。
解决问题的手段
本发明涉及下面描述的滑动构件和滑动材料组合物。
[1]一种用于与经历过硬化处理的配合件滑动的滑动构件，包括：被覆层，该被覆层包含粘合剂树脂、二硫化钼和块状硬质物颗粒。
[2]上述[1]的滑动构件，其中，所述硬质物颗粒的平均粒径为所述配合件的滑动表面的算数平均粗糙度Ra的2至10倍。
[3]上述[1]或[2]的滑动构件，其中，所述硬质物颗粒的硬度为所述配合件的硬度的1倍以上。
[4]一种滑动材料组合物，其用于与经历过硬化处理的配合件滑动的滑动构件中，所述滑动材料组合物包含：粘合剂树脂；二硫化钼；以及块状硬质物颗粒。
本发明的有利效果
根据本发明，所述滑动材料组合物和滑动构件显示出优异的耐磨损性和抗咬合性，通过在经历过硬化处理的配合件的粗糙部分上滑动而在所述粗糙部分处快速稳定地包裹来提供优异的耐磨损性和抗咬合性。
附图说明
图1是示出了硬质物颗粒的形状与磨损测试后匹配轴的表面粗糙度之间的关系的图；并且
图2是示出了硬质物颗粒的形状与磨损测试后匹配轴的磨损深度之间的关系的图。
具体实施方式
本发明的滑动材料组合物（在后文中也称为“本发明的组合物”）含有粘合剂树脂、二硫化钼以及块状的硬质物颗粒。
粘合剂树脂是指粘合本发明的组合物的材料，其优选地是选自聚酰胺-酰亚胺（PAI）树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、酚树脂、聚缩醛树脂、聚醚醚酮树脂和聚苯硫醚树脂中的至少一种树脂。在这些树脂中，从耐磨损性的观点来看，优选地使用聚酰胺-酰亚胺（PAI）树脂。
本发明的组合物含有块状硬质物颗粒。在本发明中，由包含在滑动材料组合物中的硬质物颗粒提供被称为包裹效应的使配合件的滑动表面光滑的效应，由此提高耐磨损性和抗咬合性。在本发明中，硬质物颗粒的特征在于采取块状。在这里，“块状”是指基本上不含90°以下的突起的不规则形状，并且不包括可以通过加工形成的诸如球状和锐角状的形状。当采取块状时，与在包裹后配合件的磨损仍继续进行的锐角状的硬质物颗粒或包裹进行得太慢而难以快速转变成光滑表面的球状的硬质物颗粒不同，块状硬质物颗粒发挥快速的包裹效应并且即使在转变成光滑表面后也发挥稳定的包裹效应。
为了进一步发挥包裹效应，必需根据配合件的表面（滑动表面）粗糙度来调整硬质物颗粒的粒径。在这里，如果添加相对于表面粗糙度来说粗糙的硬质物，则硬质物不利地攻击配合件。另一方面，如果添加太小的硬质物，则不能获得包裹效应。因此，硬质物颗粒的平均粒径（众数直径（mode diameter））优选地可以为配合件的滑动表面的算术平均粗糙度（Ra）的2至10倍，特别优选地为2至5倍。
应该指出，当表面粗糙度由十点的平均粗糙度（Rz）指定时，服从下面的关系表达式。
算术平均粗糙度（Ra）=1/2～1/3×十点平均粗糙度（Rz）
对硬质物颗粒的硬度没有限制，只要硬质物颗粒相对于经历硬化处理的配合件具有足够硬度即可。硬质物颗粒优选地需要具有应对经历了淬火处理或氮化处理作为硬化处理的配合件例如锻造轴和铸造轴的足够硬度。配合件的硬度，当经历了淬火处理时为HV500至800，当经历了氮化处理时在化合物层中为HV1000至1100，而在扩散层中约为HV800，因此优选地，硬质物颗粒具有与配合件的硬度相比1倍以上的硬度。应该指出，所述硬度是指维氏硬度（在后文中同样适用）。
对硬质物颗粒的类型没有特别限制。然而，从满足上述硬度的观点来看，可以优选地使用Fe3P（约HV800）、Al2O3（HV1500以上）、SiC（HV2000以上）、AlN（HV1000以上）等，并且特别优选地使用Al2O3和SiC。
此外，本发明的组合物中硬质物颗粒的含量优选地为0.1至5体积%，特别优选地1至4体积%。当含量在上述范围内时，组合物具有包裹效应，并且使配合件的劣化降低。
二硫化钼（MoS2）在本发明的组合物中用作固体润滑剂以提供耐磨损性。尽管除了二硫化钼之外还已知各种材料例如聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）和石墨作为固体润滑剂，但在这些固体润滑剂中二硫化钼显示出最优异的的润滑效果。例如，由于PTFE是疏油的，因此在油润滑下几乎不能在滑动中形成油膜，这可能降低抗咬合性。与此相反，不论润滑条件如何，二硫化钼都可以发挥优异的润滑效果。此外，尽管石墨取决于结晶性兼备固体润滑剂的功能和作为硬质物颗粒的功能两者，但作为润滑剂的效果低于二硫化钼的效果，并且作为硬质物颗粒的包裹效果低于上述块状硬质物颗粒的效果。然而，应该指出，由于可以进一步提高润滑效果和包裹效果，因此组合使用石墨与二硫化钼和块状硬质物颗粒是优选的。
在本发明的组合物中，二硫化钼的含量为25至70体积%，优选地为35至60体积%。当二硫化钼含量在上述范围内时，可以获得足够的润滑效果。
应该指出，二硫化钼优选地具有5μm以下的平均粒径、特别优选地具有3μm以下的平均粒径。
本发明的组合物可以含有二硫化钼之外的其他固体润滑剂。
所述其他固体润滑剂优选地为选自石墨、二硫化钨、云母、氮化硼、氟化石墨和富勒烯中的至少一种固体润滑剂。这些固体润滑剂是二硫化钼的辅助剂，并且用于在油耗尽时也获得润滑效果，因此这些固体润滑剂的含量优选地为5至35体积%。
本发明的组合物还可以包含无机添加剂，并且所述无机添加剂优选地为选自碳酸钙、硫酸钡和磷酸钙中的至少一种无机添加剂。此外，从耐磨损性的观点来看，组合物中无机添加剂的含量优选地为5至10体积%。
本发明的滑动材料组合物可用于滑动构件的基底件表面的被覆层。本发明的滑动材料组合物优选地用于被在滑动表面上，特别是当配合的滑动构件经历过硬化处理例如淬火处理或氮化处理时。上述配合件的具体实例包括淬火轴和经历氮化处理的轴。
本发明的滑动构件包括基底件和设置在基底件上的被覆层，并且所述被覆层由上述的本发明的滑动材料组合物形成。对用于本发明的滑动构件的基底件的材料没有特别限制。然而，优选地从钢、不锈钢、铸铁、铜、铜合金、铝、铝合金、橡胶、塑料和陶瓷中选择材料。此外，对基底件的形状没有特别限制，并且可以是板状或管状。此外，优选地，基底件包括钢背（back steel）例如钢和不锈钢，以及设置在钢背上并含有铝合金、铜合金等的合金层。
作为用于形成被覆层的方法，可以应用例如将本发明的组合物与粘合剂树脂溶剂混合，使用已知方法例如气压喷涂在基底件表面上形成混合物薄膜，然后在粘合剂树脂的烧成温度下烧成薄膜的方法。此外，在表面被被覆之前可以对基底件表面进行表面粗糙化处理，或者可以在基底件与被覆层之间设置胶粘层以便强化被覆。被覆层的厚度优选地为5至30μm。对被覆层的表面粗糙度没有特别限制，但优选地为0.3至3μmRa。
对本发明的滑动构件的润滑条件没有特别限制，可以使用油润滑、脂润滑和无润滑的任何条件。
实施例
对铝制双金属基底件（厚度约1.5mm（铝合金层厚度为0.2mm））进行喷砂处理，然后喷涂表1中示出的组合物以便获得10μm的厚度，并形成被覆层。在通过喷涂形成薄膜后，将构件在200℃下烧成，由此生产样品。使用的材料如下所述。
●粘合剂树脂
聚酰胺-酰亚胺（PAI）树脂：由HITACHI CHEMICAL CO.,LTD.制造
●固体润滑剂
二硫化钼：由SUMICO LUBRICANT CO.,LTD.制造，平均粒径为2μm
石墨：由SUMICO LUBRICANT CO.,LTD.制造，平均粒径为2μm
二硫化钨：由SUMICO LUBRICANT CO.,LTD.制造，平均粒径为2μm
●硬质物颗粒
Al2O3：
块状，锐角状，由FUJIMI INCORPORATED CO.,LTD.制造
球状，由ADMATECHS COMPANY LIMITED制造
SiC：
所有类型，由FUJIMI INCORPORATED CO.,LTD.制造
Fe3P：
所有类型，由FUKUDA METAL FOIL&POWDER CO.,LTD.制造
使用已经历过淬火处理的锻造轴（硬度为HV600至800）作为配合件，对实施例和比较例的样品（轴承）进行磨损测试，并测量测试之前和之后匹配轴的滑动表面的表面粗糙度以及样品的滑动表面的磨损深度。结果示出在表1中。
此外，对于实施例4至6、比较例1至3和比较例6至8来说，硬质物颗粒的形状与测试后匹配轴的表面粗糙度之间的关系示出在图1中，硬质物颗粒的形状与测试后匹配轴的磨损深度之间的关系示出在图2中。
（磨损测试）
磨损测试使用部分接触磨损测试机，在下列条件下进行：
转数：0rpm（保持1分钟）→1200rpm（保持1分钟）→0rpm（保持1分钟）的周期测试
润滑油：0W-20
润滑温度：100℃
载荷：4.41kN
测试时间：100小时
（表面粗糙度测量）
按照JIS B061（2001）测量算术平均粗糙度（Ra）。
（磨损深度测量）
在测试之前和之后测量样品（轴承）的被覆层厚度，并由这些值计算磨损深度。
[表1]
从图1明显看出，对于球状的硬质物颗粒来说，降低轴的粗糙度花费时间，对于锐角状的硬质物颗粒来说，轴粗糙度降低的比例低。
从图2明显看出，对于锐角状的硬质物颗粒来说，连续切削轴的影响较大。
已参考具体实施方式对本发明进行了详细描述。然而，对于本领域技术人员来说，显然可以做出各种改变和修改而不背离本发明的精神和范围。本申请基于2011年9月28日提交的日本专利申请（P2011-213060），其内容通过参考并入本文。

Claims (3)

1.一种滑动构件，该滑动构件用于与经历过硬化处理的配合件滑动，该滑动构件包括：
被覆层，该被覆层包含粘合剂树脂、二硫化钼和块状硬质物颗粒，
其中，所述“块状”是指不含90°以下的突起的不规则形状，并且不包括通过加工形成的球状和锐角状形状，
其中，所述硬质物颗粒的硬度为所述配合件的硬度的1倍以上，并且
其中，所述硬质物颗粒的平均粒径为所述配合件的滑动表面的算数平均粗糙度Ra的0.5至10倍。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滑动构件，
其中，所述硬质物颗粒的平均粒径为所述配合件的滑动表面的算数平均粗糙度Ra的2至10倍。
3.一种滑动材料组合物，该滑动材料组合用于物滑动构件中，所述滑动构件用于与经历过硬化处理的配合件滑动，该滑动材料组合物包含：
粘合剂树脂；
二硫化钼；以及
块状硬质物颗粒，
其中，所述“块状”是指不含90°以下的突起的不规则形状，并且不包括通过加工形成的球状和锐角状形状，并且
其中，所述硬质物颗粒的硬度为所述配合件的硬度的1倍以上。
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