CN103821828A - Production method of precise tapered roller - Google Patents
Production method of precise tapered roller Download PDFInfo
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- CN103821828A CN103821828A CN201410061248.9A CN201410061248A CN103821828A CN 103821828 A CN103821828 A CN 103821828A CN 201410061248 A CN201410061248 A CN 201410061248A CN 103821828 A CN103821828 A CN 103821828A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production method of a precise tapered roller. The method comprises the following steps: 1, preprocessing: carrying out cold heading processing of light tensioned steel wires to form a roller blank; 2, soft buffing processing: carrying out soft buffing of the external diameter of the roller blank, carrying out two-step grinding processing on two centerless grinders, and carrying out soft buffing of the end surfaces of the roller blank; 3, heat treatment and hard grinding: carrying out hard grinding of the external diameter of the surface processed roller on a centerless grinder; 4, base surface: carrying out spherical base surface processing of the fine ground roller on a spherical base grinder; 5, fine finishing: carrying out final grinding of the external diameter on the centerless grinder; and 6, superfinishing: carrying out superfine crown processing of the fine finished roller to obtain the finished tapered roller. A detection result shows that all indexes of the tapered roller obtained in the invention can stably reach national standard (GB/T25767-2010) II level standards, and the rolling surface roughness, the spherical base surface jumping SDW and the circularity of the tapered roller can reach national standard I level standards, and the bus of the external diameter of the roller has a crown form.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of production method of precision tapered roller, belong to the technical field that tapered roller is manufactured.
Background technique
The firstling history of existing more than 60 year was produced in China's tapered roller industry from 1948, from technological progress and industry development, the development after reform and opening-up is the fastest stage, and the tapered roller industry of China can be produced at present
mm, the product of 1800 plurality of specifications, precision can manufacture III level, reach on a small quantity II level, product is used in bearing, extensively by industries such as also lathe boats and ships, railway, probing, engineering machinery, household electric appliance, automobile, farm machinery, China has become more country of tapered roller enterprise in the world, is also the country that output is larger.
But from the Quality situation of Chinese tapered roller, part tapered roller quality has approached and has reached advanced world standards, but totally still has gap.Due to processing technique, highi degree of accuracy, endurance long lifetime tapered roller bearing still need import.The difference of current Chinese tapered roller on process procedure, causes precision to differ greatly, and directly has influence on the life-span of bearing simultaneously.Along with the great development of Chinese automobile, railway, machine industry, the precision of tapered roller bearing, reliability directly affect above-mentioned industry and adopt the buying ratio of domestic bearing, and therefore to improve precision, the fatigue resistance of tapered roller be the important development trend of tapered roller industry in research.
Traditional tapered roller is produced the general operation processing such as cold-heading, buffing, heat treatment, light decorations, thickness mill, abrading-ball basal plane, whole mill, superfinish that adopt, and still can not produce II level, I level tapered roller in enormous quantities.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, for overcoming above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of production method of precision tapered roller.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A production method for precision tapered roller, step is as follows:
1), preprocessing:
To gently draw steel wire to be processed into blank roller through cold-heading;
2), buffing processing:
Buffing blank roller external diameter, grinding in two steps on two centerless grinding machines, the first step is grinding capacity 0.20-0.40mm on first centerless grinding machine, and second step is grinding capacity 0.10-0.15mm on second centerless grinding machine, and between two step grindings, roller transmits with the conveying of bearing roller line machine; Buffing blank roller end face, in double-ended grinding machine processing, will be transported on double-ended grinding machine and be carried out end face processing by bearing roller line machine through the tapered roller of buffing external diameter, and bearing roller line machine transporting velocity is synchronizeed with grinding speed;
3), heat treatment:
Blank roller after buffing processing is carried out to controlled shielding gas atmosphere heating quenching with mesh belt type electric furnace, then tempering heat treatment after blank roller cool to room temperature, is carried out surface treatment on surperficial polishing decoration machine, clean in roller recess after treatment, not trapped fuel dirt;
4), hard grind:
Surface treated roller is carried out on centerless grinding machine to external diameter hard grind processing, hard grind processing is divided into corase grind and fine grinding, corase grind grinding capacity 0.06-0.12mm, and fine grinding grinding capacity 0.03-0.05mm, between two step grindings, roller transmits and uses bearing roller line machine to carry;
5) ball basal plane
Roller after fine grinding is carried out on ball cardinal plane grinding machine to the processing of ball basal plane;
6), fine finishing:
On centerless grinding machine, carry out mill external diameter at end, grind external diameter in two steps eventually, first step grinding capacity 0.01-0.015mm, second step grinding capacity 0.005-0.008mm; Between two step grindings, roller transmits with the conveying of bearing roller line machine;
7), superfinish:
Adopt again and carry out superfinishing convexity processing and obtain finished product tapered roller through accurately machined roller.
830～860 ℃ of quenching temperatures in described step 3), heating time 40～80min: quenching medium is fast quenching oil, 60～80 ℃ of temperature.
150～170 ℃ of tempering heating-up temperatures in described step 3), holding time: 200～250min.
In described step 5), ball basal plane adopts 60-120 granularity elastic grinding wheel, and separator rotating speed 1.5-3.5r/min carries out, ball basal plane end face run-out amount 2-4 μ m after processing.
In described step 6), mill adopts 100 granularity elastic grinding wheels, guide wheel processing speed 50～130r/min eventually.
Several and graphite in described step 7) in roller superfinish employing W14 oilstone, W10 oilstone, W5 oilstone or W3.5 oilstone and plastic board permutation and combination are (according to tapered roller different size, select corresponding oilstone and graphite and arrangement mode thereof, as shown in the table), on conical roller external-diameter finished surface, with the i.e. 0.5～3.5kg/cm of low pressure
2and be 1200～2700 beats/min of very brief vibrations, amplitude 1～5mm; Meanwhile, superfinishing roller carries out through feed grinding with 20～140/point of processing speeies, and grinding fluid is ZYS-998 lapping liquid.
The present invention has following beneficial effect: the roller of processing by the present invention is criticized variation in diameter amount 1-2.5 μ m, single roller deviation from circular from, variation in diameter amount 0.5～1.2 μ m, criticize angles shifts amount 1～2.5 μ m, cone angle deviation ± 1～± 2.5 μ m, rolling surface roughness Ra 0.08～0.12 μ m, ball base surface roughness Ra0.10～0.16 μ m, ball basal plane radius scattered error is less than 5mm, the ball basal plane 2-4 μ m that beats.
Tapered roller after testing indices can be stablized and reaches GB (GB/T25767-2010) II grade standard, the test items such as tapered roller rolling surface roughness, ball basal plane are beated, circularity can reach GB I grade standard, reach " rolling bearing fine work tapered roller GB " requirement.Adopt method provided by the present invention, there is larger potential ability and can be mass for the raising of roller precision.
Pretreatment of the present invention is gently to draw steel wire to adopt multi-station cold-heading to be machined to blank roller, and blank machining allowance is 0.30～0.50mm, offset deviation 0.06～0.15mm; Above-mentioned blank roller is adopted to centerless grinding machine processing, guide wheel processing speed 50～130r/min; Blank roller grinding capacity after buffing processing is 0.15～0.20mm, between centerless grinding machine, processes with line machine line.
Roller recycling double-ended grinding machine after buffing processing carries out end face processing, face grinding amount is 0.3-0.4mm, Double End machine adopted vitrified abrasive (diameter at butt end is less than 18mm), resin wheel (diameter at butt end is greater than 18mm) processing, feed table rotating speed 2-5r/min, between buffing and Double End, adopt the processing of line machine line, saved labour force, improved manufacturing efficiency, effectively avoid bump injury, steady quality.
Technological method of the present invention is on the basis of existing roller processing technology, by analyzing influence roller precision, life-span correlative factor, select reliable, rational technological method, emery wheel to grinding, grinding and auxiliary material are accomplished rational selection, select rational technological equipment and process parameter to improve roller accuracy of manufacturing, surface roughness, metallographic structure and surface hardness etc., thereby improve roller precision.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is embodiment's 1 actual product working drawing;
Fig. 2 is embodiment's 2 actual product working drawings;
Fig. 3 is embodiment's 3 actual product working drawings;
Buffing flow process chart in Fig. 4 embodiment;
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1: with
(32207) roller production technology is example, roller material GCr15, and step is as follows:
1), preprocessing:
To gently draw steel wire to adopt cold header to be processed into blank, machining allowance 0.30～0.50mm, offset deviation is less than 0.06～0.15mm; Blank dimension
2), buffing processing:
Buffing blank roller external diameter is processed on centerless grinding machine, two step grindings, and first step grinding capacity 0.20mm, second step grinding capacity 0.10mm, between two step grindings, roller transmits with the conveying of bearing roller line machine; Adopt 60～80 granularity vitrified abrasives, guide wheel processing speed 50-130r/min;
Buffing blank roller end face, processes at double-ended grinding machine.Tapered roller through buffing external diameter is transported to and on double-ended grinding machine, is carried out end face processing by bearing roller line machine.Both ends of the surface adopt 60 granularity vitrified abrasives, and bearing roller line machine transporting velocity is synchronizeed with grinding speed;
3), heat treatment:
To carry out controlled shielding gas atmosphere heating quenching with mesh belt type electric furnace through the blank roller after buffing processing, 840 ℃ of quenching temperatures, heating time 50min: quenching medium is fast quenching oil, 65 ℃ of temperature.Then tempering heat treatment, 155 ℃ of tempering heating-up temperatures, holding time: 215min.After roller cool to room temperature, on surperficial polishing decoration machine, carry out surface treatment: clean in roller recess after treatment, not trapped fuel dirt;
4), hard grind:
Surface treated roller is carried out on centerless grinding machine to external diameter hard grind processing.Hard grind processing is divided into corase grind and fine grinding, corase grind grinding capacity 0.06mm, fine grinding grinding capacity 0.03mm.Between two step grindings, roller transmits with the conveying of bearing roller line machine;
5) ball basal plane
Roller after fine grinding is carried out on ball cardinal plane grinding machine to the processing of ball basal plane, ball basal plane adopts 80 granularity elastic grinding wheels, and separator rotating speed 3.5r/min carries out, and after processing, ball basal plane end face run-out amount is no more than 2 μ m.
6) fine finishing
On centerless grinding machine, carry out mill external diameter at end, mill external diameter in two steps, grinds a grinding capacity 0.010mm eventually eventually, eventually mill two grinding capacity 0.005mm.Mill adopts 100 granularity elastic grinding wheels, guide wheel processing speed 130r/min eventually.Between two step grindings, roller transmits with the conveying of bearing roller line machine;
7), superfinish:
Adopt super-fine machine to carry out the processing of superfinishing convexity through accurately machined roller.Superfinish adopts permutation and combination shown in W14 oilstone, W10 oilstone, W5 oilstone, W3.5 oilstone and graphite and plastic board according to the form below, on conical roller external-diameter finished surface, is 1.0kg/cm with low pressure
2and be 1800 beats/min of very brief vibrations, amplitude 2.0mm; Meanwhile, superfinishing roller carries out through feed grinding with 140/point of processing speeies, and grinding fluid is ZYS-998 lapping liquid.
Through the roller diameter variation 0.5 μ m of above-mentioned processes, the ball basal plane 2 μ m that beat, circularity 0.5 μ m surface roughness Ra 0.08 μ m, roller outer diameter bus is definite convexity type.
Embodiment 2: with
(30216) roller production technology is example, roller material GCr15,
1), preprocessing:
To gently draw steel wire to be processed into blank roller, blank dimension through cold-heading
2), buffing processing:
Buffing blank roller external diameter is processed on centerless grinding machine, two step grindings, and first step grinding capacity 0.30mm, second step grinding capacity 0.12mm, between two step grindings, roller transmits with the conveying of bearing roller line machine;
Buffing blank roller end face, processes at double-ended grinding machine.Tapered roller through buffing external diameter is transported to and on double-ended grinding machine, is carried out end face processing by bearing roller line machine.Bearing roller line machine transporting velocity is synchronizeed with grinding speed;
3), heat treatment:
To carry out controlled shielding gas atmosphere heating quenching with mesh belt type electric furnace through the blank roller after buffing processing, 845 ℃ of quenching temperatures, heating time 55min: quenching medium is fast quenching oil, 65 ℃ of temperature.Then tempering heat treatment, 160 ℃ of tempering heating-up temperatures, holding time: 220min.After roller cool to room temperature, on surperficial polishing decoration machine, carry out surface treatment: clean in roller recess after treatment, not trapped fuel dirt;
4), hard grind:
Surface treated roller is carried out on centerless grinding machine to external diameter hard grind processing.Hard grind processing is divided into corase grind and fine grinding, corase grind grinding capacity 0.08mm, fine grinding grinding capacity 0.04mm.Between two step grindings, roller transmits with the conveying of bearing roller line machine;
5) ball basal plane
Roller after fine grinding is carried out on ball cardinal plane grinding machine to the processing of ball basal plane, ball basal plane adopts 80 granularity elastic grinding wheels, and separator rotating speed 2.5r/min carries out, and after processing, ball basal plane end face run-out amount is no more than 3 μ m.
6) fine finishing
On centerless grinding machine, carry out mill external diameter at end, mill external diameter in two steps, grinds a grinding capacity 0.012mm eventually eventually, eventually mill two grinding capacity 0.006mm.Mill adopts 100 granularity elastic grinding wheels, guide wheel processing speed 100r/min eventually.Between two step grindings, roller transmits with the conveying of bearing roller line machine;
7), superfinish:
Adopt super-fine machine to carry out the processing of superfinishing convexity through accurately machined roller.Superfinish adopts permutation and combination shown in W14 oilstone, W10 oilstone, W5 oilstone, W3.5 oilstone and graphite and plastic board according to the form below, on conical roller external-diameter finished surface, is 2.0kg/cm with low pressure
2and be 2000 beats/min of very brief vibrations, amplitude 2.5mm; Meanwhile, superfinishing roller carries out through feed grinding with 110/point of processing speeies, and grinding fluid is ZYS-998 lapping liquid.
Through the roller diameter variation 0.8 μ m of above-mentioned processes, the ball basal plane 3 μ m that beat, circularity 0.8 μ m surface roughness Ra 0.10 μ m, roller outer diameter bus is definite convexity type.
Embodiment 3: with
(32313) roller production technology is example, roller material GCr15,
1), preprocessing:
To gently draw steel wire to be processed into blank roller, blank dimension through cold-heading
2), buffing processing:
Buffing blank roller external diameter is processed on centerless grinding machine, two step grindings, and first step grinding capacity 0.40mm, second step grinding capacity 0.15mm, between two step grindings, roller transmits with the conveying of bearing roller line machine;
Buffing blank roller end face, processes at double-ended grinding machine.Tapered roller through buffing external diameter is transported to and on double-ended grinding machine, is carried out end face processing by bearing roller line machine.Bearing roller line machine transporting velocity is synchronizeed with grinding speed;
3), heat treatment:
To carry out controlled shielding gas atmosphere heating quenching with mesh belt type electric furnace through the blank roller after buffing processing, 845 ℃ of quenching temperatures, heating time 65min: quenching medium is fast quenching oil, 65 ℃ of temperature.Then tempering heat treatment, 160 ℃ of tempering heating-up temperatures, holding time: 240min.After roller cool to room temperature, on surperficial polishing decoration machine, carry out surface treatment: clean in roller recess after treatment, not trapped fuel dirt;
4), hard grind:
Surface treated roller is carried out on centerless grinding machine to external diameter hard grind processing.Hard grind processing is divided into corase grind and fine grinding, corase grind grinding capacity 0.12mm, fine grinding grinding capacity 0.05mm.Between two step grindings, roller transmits with the conveying of bearing roller line machine;
5) ball basal plane
Roller after fine grinding is carried out on ball cardinal plane grinding machine to the processing of ball basal plane, ball basal plane adopts 80 granularity elastic grinding wheels, and separator rotating speed 1.5r/min carries out, and after processing, ball basal plane end face run-out amount is no more than 4 μ m.
6) fine finishing
On centerless grinding machine, carry out mill external diameter at end, mill external diameter in two steps, grinds a grinding capacity 0.015mm eventually eventually, eventually mill two grinding capacity 0.008mm.Mill adopts 100 granularity elastic grinding wheels, guide wheel processing speed 50r/min eventually.Between two step grindings, roller transmits with the conveying of bearing roller line machine;
7), superfinish:
Adopt super-fine machine to carry out the processing of superfinishing convexity through accurately machined roller.Superfinish adopts permutation and combination shown in W14 oilstone, W5 oilstone and graphite and plastic board according to the form below, on conical roller external-diameter finished surface, is 3.5kg/cm with low pressure
2and be 2500 beats/min of very brief vibrations, amplitude 3.0mm; Meanwhile, superfinishing roller carries out through feed grinding with 110/point of processing speeies, and grinding fluid is ZYS-998 lapping liquid.
Through the roller diameter variation 1.0 μ m of above-mentioned processes, the ball basal plane 4 μ m that beat, circularity 1.0 μ m surface roughness Ra 0.12 μ m, roller outer diameter bus is definite convexity type.
Major technique precision reaches the requirement of national I level roller.Bearing sample after the roller trap that the roller bearing that make former technique through user fatigue life and technological method of the present invention are made compares in actual use again, the roller bearing that the present invention makes can improve 1.5～2 times working life, has reached the requirement of the advanced fatigue life of state's outer bearing.
The technology of the present invention can be applied to tapered roller production industry, can produce the tapered roller of II class precision and small lot batch manufacture I class precision in enormous quantities.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technological scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various modifications that creative work can make or distortion still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a production method for precision tapered roller, is characterized in that, step is as follows:
1), preprocessing:
To gently draw steel wire to be processed into blank roller through cold-heading;
2), buffing processing:
Buffing blank roller external diameter, grinding in two steps on two centerless grinding machines, between two step grindings, roller transmits with the conveying of bearing roller line machine;
Buffing blank roller end face, in double-ended grinding machine processing, will be transported on double-ended grinding machine and be carried out end face processing by bearing roller line machine through the tapered roller of buffing external diameter, and bearing roller line machine transporting velocity is synchronizeed with grinding speed;
3), heat treatment:
Blank roller after buffing processing is carried out to controlled shielding gas atmosphere heating quenching with mesh belt type electric furnace, then tempering heat treatment after blank roller cool to room temperature, is carried out surface treatment on surperficial polishing decoration machine, clean in roller recess after treatment, not trapped fuel dirt;
4), hard grind:
Surface treated roller is carried out on centerless grinding machine to external diameter hard grind processing, hard grind processing is divided into corase grind and fine grinding, and between two step grindings, roller transmits with the conveying of bearing roller line machine;
5) ball basal plane
Roller after fine grinding is carried out on ball cardinal plane grinding machine to the processing of ball basal plane;
6), fine finishing:
On centerless grinding machine, carry out mill external diameter at end, in two steps, between two step grindings, roller transmits and uses bearing roller line machine to carry mill external diameter eventually;
7), superfinish:
Adopt again and carry out superfinishing convexity processing and obtain finished product tapered roller through accurately machined roller.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 2) in first step grinding capacity 0.20-0.40mm on first centerless grinding machine of two step grindings, second step is grinding capacity 0.10-0.15mm on second centerless grinding machine.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, 830～860 ℃ of quenching temperatures in described step 3), and heating time: 40～80min, quenching medium is fast quenching oil, 60～80 ℃ of temperature.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, 150～170 ℃ of tempering heating-up temperatures in described step 3), holding time: 200～250min.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, roughly grinds grinding capacity 0.06-0.12mm in described step 4), fine grinding grinding capacity 0.03-0.05mm.
6. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 5), ball basal plane adopts 60-120 granularity elastic grinding wheel, and separator rotating speed 1.5-3.5r/min carries out, ball basal plane end face run-out amount 2-4 μ m after processing.
7. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, grinds eventually the first step grinding capacity 0.01-0.015mm of external diameter, second step grinding capacity 0.005-0.008mm in described step 6).
8. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 6), mill adopts 100 granularity elastic grinding wheels, guide wheel processing speed 50～130r/min eventually.
9. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 7), roller superfinish adopts several and graphite and the plastic board permutation and combination in W14 oilstone, W10 oilstone, W5 oilstone or W3.5 oilstone, on conical roller external-diameter finished surface, with the i.e. 0.5～3.5kg/cm of low pressure
2and be 1200～2700 beats/min of very brief vibrations, amplitude 1～5mm; Meanwhile, superfinishing roller carries out through feed grinding with 20～140/point of processing speeies, and grinding fluid is ZYS-998 lapping liquid.
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Cited By (9)
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| CN105252223A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-01-20 | 宝塔实业股份有限公司 | Machining method of extra-large bearing cone rolling bodies with supporting column holes |
| CN107363647A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-11-21 | 江苏力星通用钢球股份有限公司 | Automatic connecting processing technology after roller heat treatment |
| CN108747758A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-06 | 如皋市力星滚子科技有限公司 | Medium-sized taper roller line |
| CN110394608A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-11-01 | 江苏力星通用钢球股份有限公司 | The production technology of rail traffic high-precision bearing roller |
| CN110814644A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-02-21 | 常熟市宝丰精工钢球有限公司 | High-strength austenitic steel ball |
| DE102018125825A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2020-04-23 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Device and method for manufacturing at least one rolling element and method for processing at least one regulating disk of the device |
| CN112025211A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-12-04 | 张家港市弘扬金属制品制造有限公司 | Forming method of conical bearing roller |
| CN112318074A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-05 | 河南中泰轴承有限公司 | Precise bearing tapered roller manufacturing process |
| CN113146156A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-23 | 人本股份有限公司 | Method for processing tapered roller for track traffic |
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| CN105252223A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-01-20 | 宝塔实业股份有限公司 | Machining method of extra-large bearing cone rolling bodies with supporting column holes |
| CN107363647A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-11-21 | 江苏力星通用钢球股份有限公司 | Automatic connecting processing technology after roller heat treatment |
| CN108747758A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-06 | 如皋市力星滚子科技有限公司 | Medium-sized taper roller line |
| DE102018125825A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2020-04-23 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Device and method for manufacturing at least one rolling element and method for processing at least one regulating disk of the device |
| WO2020078514A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2020-04-23 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Device and method for producing at least one rolling element and method for processing at least one control wheel of the device |
| CN112533728A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2021-03-19 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | Device and method for producing at least one rolling element and method for machining at least one control wheel of such a device |
| CN110394608A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-11-01 | 江苏力星通用钢球股份有限公司 | The production technology of rail traffic high-precision bearing roller |
| CN110814644A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-02-21 | 常熟市宝丰精工钢球有限公司 | High-strength austenitic steel ball |
| CN112025211A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-12-04 | 张家港市弘扬金属制品制造有限公司 | Forming method of conical bearing roller |
| CN112318074A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-05 | 河南中泰轴承有限公司 | Precise bearing tapered roller manufacturing process |
| CN113146156A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-23 | 人本股份有限公司 | Method for processing tapered roller for track traffic |
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