CN100464940C - Method for producing accurate steel balls - Google Patents
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- CN100464940C CN100464940C CNB2007100144436A CN200710014443A CN100464940C CN 100464940 C CN100464940 C CN 100464940C CN B2007100144436 A CNB2007100144436 A CN B2007100144436A CN 200710014443 A CN200710014443 A CN 200710014443A CN 100464940 C CN100464940 C CN 100464940C
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Abstract
A technology for manufacturing precise steel balls includes such steps as providing the light-drawn steel wire, cold forging, shaping plus soft grinding, heat treating through heating, quenching and tempering in protective gas, cooling strengthening surface, hard grinding by abrasive ceramic disc, beautifying appearance by photoelectric eddy, ageing, cold treating, and superfine grinding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of production method of accurate steel balls, belong to steel ball manufacturing technology field.
Background technology
The history in existing 56 years of firstling was produced in China's steel ball industry from 1948, from technological progress and industry development, development after the reform and opening-up is the fastest stage, China's steel ball industry can have been produced the steel ball of mm more than 0.5～200 at present, precision can manufacture G1000～G10, product is widely used in industries such as bearing, engineering machinery, household electrical appliance, automobile, agricultural machinery, lathe, motorcycle, metallurgy, chemical industry, instrument and meter, China has become maximum country of steel ball enterprise in the world, also is the country of output maximum.
But from the quality present situation of China's steel ball, the part steel ball quality near and reach advanced world standards, totally still have gap because process technology, high accuracy, endurance long-life steel ball still need import.Steel ball import volume in 2006 is 2630 tons according to statistics, uses foreign currency 2828.5 ten thousand dollars, though import volume just export volume 9.68%, value per ton is 5.49 times of outlet, this from the another side also the demanding steel ball of reaction mass still in import.At present, the difference of China's steel ball on process procedure causes precision to differ greatly, and directly influences the steel ball life-span simultaneously, and according to statistics, the damage of state's inner bearing has 50% to be by due to the steel ball.Along with the great development of Domestic Automotive Industry, the precision of automobile bearing, reliability directly influence the reliability of automobile, and therefore research raising steel ball precision, fatigue life are the important development trend of steel ball industry.
Traditional steel ball production technology generally adopts operation processing such as the cold pier of steel ball, photosphere, Q-tempering heat treatment, hard grind, early grind, lappingout, but still can't reach the requirement of elaboration steel ball.
Summary of the invention
At the deficiency of existing steel ball production technology, the invention provides a kind of production method of accurate steel balls.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a kind of production method of accurate steel balls, adopt following steps:
(1), preprocessing:
To gently draw steel wire to be processed into steel ball blanks through preliminary treatment;
(2), heat treatment:
To carry out controlled protective atmosphere heating quenching with the net belt type electric furnace through pretreated steel ball blanks, 830～860 ℃ of quenching temperatures, heat time heating time 15～50min; Hardening media is a diesel oil, and 40～80 ℃ of temperature are carried out tempering heat treatment, heat-treat condition then: 140～160 ℃ of tempering heating-up temperatures, temperature retention time: 120～150min; It is cold work reinforced to treat to carry out on the surface Hardening Treatment machine behind the steel ball cool to room temperature surface; Strengthen back hardness and reach HRC61～66;
(3), fine finishining:
To on ball crusher, process through the cold work reinforced steel ball in surface with vitrified abrasive, then the steel ball after the hard grind is carried out the processing of early grind and lappingout on vertical or horizontal ball lapping machine, the 2000# resin wheel is adopted in early grind, process velocity 10～30r/min, pressure 2～4KN, lappingout adopts 4000# resin wheel, process velocity 10～20r/min, pressure 1～3KN;
(4), photoelectricity eddy current outward appearance:
Will adopt photoelectricity eddy current outward appearance instrument that the steel ball defective is selected through the steel ball behind the lappingout, photoelectricity eddy current outward appearance instrument adopts the A Wei AVIKO of section series, detects and carries out photoelectricity, eddy current and vibration-testing synchronously by three probes.Steel ball is divided into certified products after after testing, can repairs product and defective products.Photoelectric probe is judged spot according to the percentage that is radiated at defect part back reflection light beam, flaw and defective such as contaminated, and standard is 20% to 80%; Detect the surface and the defective on the surface of diving by eddy current probe, standard is that 20 μ m are to 40 μ m; Detect the steel ball that remarkable blemish is arranged by vibration probe, standard is 0.7 to 0.8.Certified products must be all qualified, and the product of can repairing detect by photoelectric probe; Defective products detects by eddy current and vibration probe.
Because a few procedure processing capacities in steel ball front are bigger, there is remaining machining stress in steel ball surface, and for eliminating residual stress, the steel ball certified products after will selecting after the photoelectricity outward appearance adopt the net belt type tempering furnace to carry out Ageing Treatment, and temperature is 120～150 ℃;
(5), the forming processes of steel ball:
With above-mentioned steel ball through Ageing Treatment, obtain the finished product steel ball after adopting the operation of cold treatment and super lappingout, between the cold treatment temperature range-60 ℃～-80 ℃; Super lappingout operation is not added abrasive material, adopts the 6000# resin wheel, process velocity 10～15r/min, pressure 0.8～1KN.
Will use grinding agent above-mentioned when grinding on ball crusher and the ball lapping machine in rapid, described grinding agent is that abrasive material is using behind the abundant mix grinding on the mixer-mill with water-soluble lapping liquid, and employing aqua systemic circulation mode is processed.
Described water-soluble lapping liquid can adopt Luoyang ZYS-998 lapping liquid.
The present invention has following beneficial effect: by steel ball ball lot diameter variation 0.09～0.11 μ m of the present invention's processing, ball diameter variation is less than 0.08 μ m, deviation from spherical form 0.03～0.05 μ m, surface roughness Ra 0.004～0.007 μ m, circularity 0.03～0.05 μ m, the steel ball bearing sample detection of fatigue life after national bearing quality supervision and inspection center is to the steel ball trap of making by the present invention, the test value L of basic rating life
10tGreater than 1200 hours, the test value L of basic rating life
10tWith basic rating life L
10Ratio greater than 12, L
10Reliability R e reach more than 99.92%, reach " rolling bearing elaboration steel ball technical conditions " requirement.Adopt process route provided by the present invention and parameter, have bigger potential ability and can produce in batches for the raising of steel ball precision.
Process of the present invention is on the basis of existing processing technology for steel ball, by analyzing influence steel ball precision, the correlative factor in life-span, select reliable, rational process, abrasive material and auxiliary material to grinding, grinding are accomplished rational selection, select rational technological equipment and technological parameter to improve the accuracy of manufacture, surface roughness, ball-type mismachining tolerance, surface quality, metallographic structure and the case hardness etc. of steel ball, thereby improve the steel ball precision.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: a kind of production method of accurate steel balls comprises the steps:
(1), the cold pier of steel ball:
To gently draw steel wire to adopt high speed or low speed Cold header to be processed into steel ball blanks, blank allowance is 30～40mm, and offset deviation is less than 0.06～1.2mm;
(2), roughing:
Above-mentioned steel ball blanks is carried out roughing, and the first adopts ball grinder blank to be processed process velocity 100～140r/min, pressure 100～250KN; It two is after ball grinder processing, utilizes ball crusher to carry out buffing processing, process velocity 60～120r/min during buffing, pressure 40～70KN again;
Steel ball roughing stock removal is 0.15～0.25mm;
(3), heat treatment:
To carry out controlled protective atmosphere heating quenching with the net belt type electric furnace through the steel ball blanks after the roughing, 830～860 ℃ of quenching temperatures, heat time heating time 15～50min; Hardening media is a diesel oil, and 40～80 ℃ of temperature are carried out tempering heat treatment, heat-treat condition then: 140～160 ℃ of tempering heating-up temperatures, temperature retention time: 120～150min; It is cold work reinforced to treat to carry out on the surface Hardening Treatment machine behind the steel ball cool to room temperature surface; Strengthen back hardness and reach HRC61～66;
(4), fine finishining:
To on ball crusher and vitrified abrasive, process through the cold work reinforced steel ball in surface, then the steel ball after the hard grind is being carried out the processing of early grind and lappingout on vertical or horizontal ball lapping machine, the 2000# resin wheel is adopted in early grind, process velocity 10～30r/min, pressure 2～4KN, lappingout adopts 4000# resin wheel, process velocity 10～20r/min, pressure 1～3KN;
(5), photoelectricity eddy current outward appearance:
Will adopt photoelectricity eddy current outward appearance instrument that the steel ball defective is selected through the steel ball behind the lappingout, photoelectricity eddy current outward appearance instrument adopts the A Wei AVIKO of section series, detects and carries out photoelectricity, eddy current and vibration-testing synchronously by three probes.Photoelectric probe is judged spot, flaw and defective such as contaminated according to the percentage that is radiated at defect part back reflection light beam, and standard is 20% to 80%; Detect the surface and the defective on the surface of diving by eddy current probe, standard is that 20 μ m are to 40 μ m; Detect the steel ball that remarkable blemish is arranged by vibration probe, standard is 0.7 to 0.8.Certified products must be all qualified, and the product of can repairing detect by photoelectric probe; Defective products detects by eddy current and vibration probe.
Because a few procedure processing capacities in steel ball front are bigger, there is remaining machining stress in steel ball surface, and for eliminating residual stress, the steel ball after will selecting after the photoelectricity outward appearance adopts the net belt type tempering furnace to carry out Ageing Treatment, and temperature is 120～150 ℃;
(6), cold treatment:
Steel ball interior tissue after heat treatment, fine finishining still keeps more austenite, this retained austenite is unsettled tissue, in storage and use, can constantly change, thus the precision of change steel ball, influence steel ball fatigue life, adopt cold treatment process, it can reduce the retained austenite in the tissue for this reason, improves the hardness of part a little, ball size stability is significantly improved, between the cold treatment temperature range-60 ℃～-80 ℃;
(7), super lappingout:
Steel ball through above-mentioned cold treatment is processed on vertical or horizontal ball lapping machine, does not add abrasive material, adopts the 6000# resin wheel, process velocity 10～15r/min, pressure 0.8～1KN.
Will use grinding agent when grinding on ball crusher and the ball lapping machine in above-mentioned rapid (2), (4), described grinding agent is that abrasive material and water-soluble lapping liquid are fully using behind the mix grinding on the mixer-mill, adopts aqua systemic circulation mode to process.
Described water-soluble lapping liquid can adopt Luoyang ZYS-998 lapping liquid.
Described abrasive material is aluminium oxide or carborundum or boron carbide.
Embodiment 2: the production technology with φ 5.953mm (15/64in) steel ball is an example, and the steel ball material is GCr15, and abrasive material adopts aluminium oxide
(1) the cold pier of steel ball: on high speed Cold header Z32G-5, gently draw steel wire to process steel ball, blank dimension φ 6.3mm;
(2) roughing:
A. on ball grinder, process, process velocity 130r/min, pressure 150KN, stock removal 0.05mm,
B. on ball crusher, carry out buffing processing, process velocity 120r/min, pressure 50KN, stock removal 0.18mm;
(3) heat treatment: 830 ℃ of quenching temperatures, heat time heating time 35min; Hardening media is a diesel oil, 50 ℃ of temperature; 145 ℃ of tempering heating-up temperatures, temperature retention time: 120min, strengthens back hardness and reaches HRC66 at the surperficial 5 hours cold work reinforced time.
(4) fine finishining:
A. hard grind: on ball crusher, process, adopt vitrified abrasive processing, stock removal 0.095mm;
B. early grind and lappingout are processed on vertical ball lapping machine, and the 2000# resin wheel is adopted in early grind, process velocity 30r/min, and pressure 4KN, theoretical stock removal 0.032mm lappingout adopts 4000# resin wheel, process velocity 20r/min, pressure 2KN, stock removal 4 μ m;
(5) photoelectricity eddy current outward appearance: adopt photoelectricity eddy current outward appearance instrument that the defective steel ball is selected, photoelectricity eddy current outward appearance instrument adopts AVIKO (A Weike) K0306C, detects and carries out photoelectricity, eddy current and vibration-testing synchronously by three probes.The percentage of photoelectric probe folded light beam is set at 40% and judges spot; The EDDY CURRENT established standards is 40 μ m; The vibration detection established standards is 0.8.
Certified products after selecting adopt the net belt type tempering furnace to carry out Ageing Treatment, and temperature is 120 ℃.
(6) cold treatment: cold treatment temperature range-60 ℃.
(7) super lappingout: on horizontal ball lapping machine, process, do not add abrasive material, adopt the 6000# resin wheel, process velocity 10r/min, pressure 0.8KN.
Through the steel ball ball lot diameter variation 0.09 μ m of above-mentioned operation processing, ball diameter variation 0.07 μ m, deviation from spherical form 0.04 μ m, surface roughness Ra 0.004 μ m, circularity 0.03 μ m.The steel ball bearing sample detection of fatigue life after national bearing quality supervision and inspection center is to the steel ball trap, the test value L of basic rating life
10t=1309 hours, the test value L of basic rating life
10tWith basic rating life L
10Ratio be 13, L
10Reliability R e reach 99.95%, reach " rolling bearing elaboration steel ball technical conditions " requirement.
In this application, 2000# resin wheel, 4000# resin wheel, 6000# resin wheel refer to 2000 order resin wheels, 4000 order resin wheels, 6000 order resin wheels.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of production method of accurate steel balls is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1), preprocessing:
To gently draw steel wire to become steel ball blanks through preprocessing;
(2), heat treatment:
To carry out controlled protective atmosphere heating quenching with the net belt type electric furnace through the steel ball blanks after the preprocessing, 830～860 ℃ of quenching temperatures, heat time heating time 15～50min; Hardening media is a diesel oil, and 40～80 ℃ of temperature are carried out tempering heat treatment, heat-treat condition then: 140～160 ℃ of tempering heating-up temperatures, temperature retention time: 120～150min; It is cold work reinforced to treat to carry out on the surface Hardening Treatment machine behind the steel ball cool to room temperature surface; Strengthen back hardness and reach HRC61～66;
(3), fine finishining:
To on ball crusher and vitrified abrasive, process through the cold work reinforced steel ball in surface, then the steel ball after the hard grind is carried out the processing of early grind and lappingout on vertical or horizontal ball lapping machine, the 2000# resin wheel is adopted in early grind, process velocity 10～30r/min, pressure 2～4KN, lappingout adopts 4000# resin wheel, process velocity 10～20r/min, pressure 1～3KN;
(4), photoelectricity eddy current outward appearance test:
To adopt photoelectricity eddy current outward appearance instrument that the steel ball defective is selected through the steel ball behind the lappingout, specifically photoelectricity, eddy current and three aspects of vibration are tested synchronously, photoelectric probe is judged spot according to the percentage that is radiated at defect part back reflection light beam, flaw and contaminated, standard are 20% to 80%; After the test of photoelectricity outward appearance, adopt the net belt type tempering furnace to carry out Ageing Treatment with selecting qualified steel ball, temperature is 120～150 ℃;
(5), the forming processes of steel ball:
With above-mentioned steel ball, obtain the finished product steel ball behind employing cold treatment and the super lappingout through Ageing Treatment.
2, the production method of accurate steel balls as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the preprocessing in the described step (1) is gently to draw steel wire to adopt high speed or low speed Cold header to be processed into steel ball blanks, blank allowance is 30～40mm, and offset deviation is 0.06～1.2mm; Adopt ball grinder to process process velocity 100～140r/min, pressure 100～250KN above-mentioned steel ball blanks; Steel ball blanks stock removal after preprocessing is 0.15～0.25mm;
3, the production method of accurate steel balls as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the preprocessing in the described step (1) is gently to draw steel wire to adopt high speed or low speed Cold header to be processed into steel ball blanks, blank allowance is 30～40mm, and offset deviation is 0.06～1.2mm; After ball grinder processing, utilize ball crusher to carry out buffing processing, process velocity 60～120r/min during buffing, pressure 40～70KN more above-mentioned steel ball; Steel ball blanks stock removal after preprocessing is 0.15～0.25mm;
4, the production method of accurate steel balls as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: cold treatment temperature range-60 ℃ in the described step (5)～-80 ℃; Steel ball through above-mentioned cold treatment surpasses lappingout processing on vertical or horizontal ball lapping machine, do not add abrasive material, adopts the 6000# resin wheel, process velocity 10～15r/min, pressure 0.8～1KN.
5, as the production method of claim 1 or 2 or 4 described accurate steel balls, it is characterized in that: use grinding agent when ball crusher and ball lapping machine grind in above-mentioned steps, described grinding agent is that abrasive material and water-soluble lapping liquid are fully forming behind the mix grinding on the mixer-mill; When grinding, ball crusher and ball lapping machine adopt aqua systemic circulation mode to process.
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| CNB2007100144436A CN100464940C (en) | 2007-05-15 | 2007-05-15 | Method for producing accurate steel balls |
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| CNB2007100144436A CN100464940C (en) | 2007-05-15 | 2007-05-15 | Method for producing accurate steel balls |
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| CN100464940C true CN100464940C (en) | 2009-03-04 |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN101954571A (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2011-01-26 | 温州市龙湾沙城钢球厂 | Manufacturing process of 0.68 mm nonmagnetic alloy balls |
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