CN114323839A - Preparation method of spring steel sample suitable for water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection - Google Patents
Preparation method of spring steel sample suitable for water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a spring steel sample suitable for water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection, which comprises the following steps: step 1), sampling; step 2) rough machining of samples: carrying out primary rough machining on the sample obtained in the step 1); step 3) sample heat treatment: carrying out heat treatment on the sample blank obtained in the step 2); step 4), finishing the sample; step 5), water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection: and (5) carrying out water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection on the finish-machined sample in the step 4). The preparation method of the spring steel sample suitable for water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection, provided by the invention, realizes water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection of spring steel, has the advantages of simple heat treatment process, low sample processing difficulty, capability of ensuring uniform and consistent tissues, convenience for water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection and no influence on C scanning results; the method has important significance for the research of macroscopic inclusions of the spring steel and the improvement of the purity of a final product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water immersion ultrasonic C scanning, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a spring steel sample suitable for water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection.
Background
Spring steel is an extremely important industrial steel, and is mainly used for manufacturing plate springs, safety valve springs, coil springs for structures such as automobiles, railway vehicles, tractors and the like, and also used for shock absorbers of heavy machinery, large-sized coil springs and instrument springs under work of bearing high alternating loads. The spring is in service under the severer conditions such as alternating stress, and research and production practice show that the higher the purity of the spring steel is, the better the performance is, and the longer the service life is. Foreign commercial vehicle host plants require that the number of macroscopic inclusions with the size of 0.4-1.0mm in each cubic meter of spring steel is not more than 15, so that the key point for improving the purity of molten steel and further strictly controlling the content of the macroscopic inclusions in the steel becomes the quality of products.
When macroscopic inclusions exist in steel, local concentration of stress of parts is easily caused, and fatigue cracks are easily generated. At present, the macroscopic inclusion inspection method mainly adopts blue fracture and tower-shaped turning hairline inspection, but because the detection volume is limited, the inspection result has randomness and uncertainty, and the real situation of the inclusions in the steel cannot be objectively evaluated. In recent years, with the development of ultrasonic technology, the application field of ultrasonic detection is gradually expanded, and ultrasonic waves can detect a certain volume of material, so that the quantity and distribution of inclusions in the material can be objectively reflected by an ultrasonic detection method.
At present, however, the water immersion ultrasonic C-scan test is mainly used for the test of bearing steel, and the heat treatment process of the water immersion ultrasonic C-scan sample is an isothermal spheroidizing annealing process. The bearing steel belongs to hypereutectoid steel, the hot-rolled structure is mainly coarse lamellar pearlite, the structure can be refined after isothermal spheroidizing annealing, and the cementite in the structure is converted into a sphere, so that the structure does not influence the C scanning result, and the requirement of water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection is met. Spring steel belongs to hypoeutectoid steel, hot rolling state structure mainly shows ferrite precipitated along grain boundary and pearlite with smaller lamellar spacing, if isothermal spheroidizing annealing process is adopted, carbide in the structure can not be completely spheroidized, part of carbide in the structure is still in original form, the structure can influence C scanning result, and the requirement of water immersion ultrasonic wave on uniform and consistent structure can not be met. The application of the water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection to the evaluation of the purity of the spring steel is not seen in China, so the method has important significance for the research of the macroscopic inclusions of the spring steel and the improvement of the purity of the final product.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a spring steel sample suitable for water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection, which realizes the water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection of spring steel, has simple heat treatment process and low sample processing difficulty, can ensure uniform and consistent tissues, is convenient for the water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection and does not influence the C scanning result.
The invention provides a preparation method of a spring steel sample suitable for water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1) sampling: sampling the number and the positions of the spring steels according to requirements, wherein the samples are not bent;
step 2) rough machining of samples: carrying out primary rough machining on the sample obtained in the step 1), sawing the sample into a required length, and then turning the sample to a diameter required by a sample blank; the length of the sample is 100-600mm, and the diameter is 20-100 mm;
step 3) sample heat treatment: carrying out heat treatment on the sample blank obtained in the step 2), heating the sample to 820-;
step 4) sample finishing: step 3), carrying out fine grinding on the sample blank subjected to heat treatment by using a cylindrical grinding machine to prepare a test sample, wherein the surface roughness of the sample is less than or equal to 0.6 mu m, no burrs are arranged on the periphery of the end part, the ovality is less than or equal to 0.05mm, and the flatness is less than or equal to 0.05mm/100 mm;
step 5), water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection: and (5) carrying out water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection on the finish-machined sample in the step 4).
Further, spring flat steel or spring round steel can be selected for sampling in the step 1);
further, the quenching medium in the sample heat treatment in the step 3) comprises water, oil and PAG quenching liquid.
Further, the spring steel is 51CrMnV spring flat steel, and the chemical components comprise C: 0.47-0.55%, Si: 0.17-0.37%, Mn: 0.70-1.10%, Cr: 0.90-1.20%, V: 0.10 to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.35 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Further, the spring steel is 60CrMn spring round steel, and the chemical components comprise C: 0.56-0.64%, Si: 0.17-0.37%, Mn: 0.70-1.00%, Cr: 0.70 to 1.00 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.35 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the existing other steel type water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection technology, the preparation method of the spring steel type sample suitable for water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection realizes water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection of the spring steel, the tissue of the sample after heat treatment is compact and uniform, and inclusions can be obviously detected; the method has the advantages of simple heat treatment process, low sample processing difficulty, uniform and consistent tissue, convenience for water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection and no influence on C scanning result; the method has important significance for the research of macroscopic inclusions of the spring steel and the improvement of the purity of a final product.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a water immersion ultrasonic C-scan test view of a spring steel sample prepared in example 4;
FIG. 2 is a water immersion ultrasonic C-scan test view of a spring steel sample prepared in example 5;
fig. 3 is a water immersion ultrasonic C-scan test view of a spring steel sample prepared in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly apparent, the following embodiments are further described, but not limited thereto, and all modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention. The process equipment or apparatus not specifically mentioned in the following examples are conventional in the art, and if not specifically mentioned, the raw materials and the like used in the examples of the present invention are commercially available; unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples of the present invention are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a spring steel sample suitable for water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection, which comprises the following steps:
step 1) sampling: sampling the number and the positions of the spring steels according to requirements, wherein the samples are not bent; the spring flat steel or the spring round steel can be selected;
step 2) rough machining of samples: carrying out primary rough machining on the sample obtained in the step 1), sawing the sample into a required length, and then turning the sample to a diameter required by a sample blank; the length of the sample is 100-600mm, and the diameter is 20-100 mm;
step 3) sample heat treatment: carrying out heat treatment on the sample blank obtained in the step 2), heating the sample to 820-; the quenching medium comprises water, oil and PAG quenching liquid. The selection principle is as follows: selecting water or PAG quenching liquid for steel with low hardenability; the steel grade with high hardenability selects oil to ensure that the sample can be quenched thoroughly and cannot be quenched and cracked.
Step 4) sample finishing: step 3), carrying out fine grinding on the sample blank subjected to heat treatment by using a cylindrical grinding machine to prepare a test sample, wherein the surface roughness of the sample is less than or equal to 0.6 mu m, no burrs are arranged on the periphery of the end part, the ovality is less than or equal to 0.05mm, and the flatness is less than or equal to 0.05mm/100 mm;
step 5), water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection: and (5) carrying out water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection on the finish-machined sample in the step 4).
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a spring steel sample suitable for water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection.
In the embodiment, the spring steel is 51CrMnV spring flat steel, and the chemical components by mass percent are C: 0.47-0.55%, Si: 0.17-0.37%, Mn: 0.70-1.10%, Cr: 0.90-1.20%, V: 0.10 to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.35 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Step 1) sampling: sampling the number and the positions of the spring steels according to requirements, wherein the samples are not bent;
step 2) rough machining of samples: carrying out primary rough machining on the sample obtained in the step 1), sawing the sample into a required length, and then turning the sample to a diameter required by a sample blank; the length of the sample is 100-600mm, and the diameter is 20-100 mm;
step 3) sample heat treatment: carrying out heat treatment on the sample blank obtained in the step 2), heating the sample to 820-; the quenching medium comprises water, oil and PAG quenching liquid. The selection principle is as follows: selecting water or PAG quenching liquid for steel with low hardenability; the steel grade with high hardenability selects oil to ensure that the sample can be quenched thoroughly and cannot be quenched and cracked.
Step 4) sample finishing: step 3), carrying out fine grinding on the sample blank subjected to heat treatment by using a cylindrical grinding machine to prepare a test sample, wherein the surface roughness of the sample is less than or equal to 0.6 mu m, no burrs are arranged on the periphery of the end part, the ovality is less than or equal to 0.05mm, and the flatness is less than or equal to 0.05mm/100 mm;
step 5), water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection: and (5) carrying out water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection on the finish-machined sample in the step 4).
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a spring steel sample suitable for water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection.
In this embodiment, the spring steel is 60CrMn spring round steel, and the chemical composition is C by mass percent: 0.56-0.64%, Si: 0.17-0.37%, Mn: 0.70-1.00%, Cr: 0.70 to 1.00 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.35 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Step 1) sampling: sampling the number and the positions of the spring steels according to requirements, wherein the samples are not bent;
step 2) rough machining of samples: carrying out primary rough machining on the sample obtained in the step 1), sawing the sample into a required length, and then turning the sample to a diameter required by a sample blank; the length of the sample is 100-600mm, and the diameter is 20-100 mm;
step 3) sample heat treatment: carrying out heat treatment on the sample blank obtained in the step 2), heating the sample to 820-; the quenching medium comprises water, oil and PAG quenching liquid. The selection principle is as follows: selecting water or PAG quenching liquid for steel with low hardenability; the steel grade with high hardenability selects oil to ensure that the sample can be quenched thoroughly and cannot be quenched and cracked.
Step 4) sample finishing: step 3), carrying out fine grinding on the sample blank subjected to heat treatment by using a cylindrical grinding machine to prepare a test sample, wherein the surface roughness of the sample is less than or equal to 0.6 mu m, no burrs are arranged on the periphery of the end part, the ovality is less than or equal to 0.05mm, and the flatness is less than or equal to 0.05mm/100 mm;
step 5), water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection: and (5) carrying out water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection on the finish-machined sample in the step 4).
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a spring steel sample suitable for water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection.
In the embodiment, the spring steel is 51CrMnV spring flat steel, and the chemical components by mass percent are C: 0.47-0.55%, Si: 0.17-0.37%, Mn: 0.70-1.10%, Cr: 0.90-1.20%, V: 0.10 to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.35 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The preparation method of the spring steel sample for water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection in the embodiment comprises the following specific implementation steps:
step 1) sampling: taking a rolled semi-finished product sample of 51CrMnV spring flat steel with the diameter of 81 mm;
step 2) rough machining of samples: sawing the sample obtained in the step 1) into a length of 300mm, and then performing lathe cutting to obtain a sample blank with a diameter of 79 mm;
step 3) sample heat treatment: heating the sample blank obtained in the step 2) to 860 ℃, preserving heat for 90min, putting the blank into oil for quenching and cooling to room temperature, heating to 450 ℃, tempering and preserving heat for 120min, putting the blank into water for cooling to room temperature; the quenching medium is oil;
step 4) sample finishing: carrying out fine grinding on the sample blank subjected to the heat treatment in the step 3) by using a cylindrical grinding machine, wherein the surface roughness of the sample after the fine grinding is finished is 0.5 mu m, no burr is arranged on the periphery of the end part, the ovality is 0.05mm, and the straightness is less than or equal to 0.1mm/100 mm;
step 5), water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection: and (5) carrying out water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection on the finish-machined sample in the step 4) by using detection equipment.
And (3) detection results: the water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection of the 51CrMnV spring flat steel is realized, the structure of the sample after heat treatment is compact and uniform, and the inclusion can be obviously detected, as shown in figure 1.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a method suitable for water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection of a spring steel sample.
In this embodiment, the spring steel is 60CrMn spring round steel, and the chemical composition is C by mass percent: 0.56-0.64%, Si: 0.17-0.37%, Mn: 0.70-1.00%, Cr: 0.70 to 1.00 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.35 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The method for detecting the spring steel sample by water immersion ultrasonic C scanning comprises the following specific implementation steps:
step 1) sampling: taking a rolled finished product sample of 60CrMn spring round steel with the diameter of 65 mm;
step 2) rough machining of samples: sawing the sample obtained in the step 1) into 350mm long, and then performing lathe cutting to obtain a sample blank with the diameter of 63 mm;
step 3) sample heat treatment: heating the sample obtained in the step 2) to 840 ℃, preserving heat for 60min, putting the sample into water, quenching and cooling to room temperature, heating to 490 ℃, tempering and preserving heat for 120min, putting the sample into water, and cooling to room temperature; the quenching medium is selected from water or PAG quenching liquid;
step 4) sample finishing: carrying out fine grinding on the sample blank subjected to the heat treatment in the step 3) by using a cylindrical grinding machine, wherein the surface roughness of the sample after the fine grinding is finished is 0.4 mu m, no burr is arranged on the periphery of the end part, the ovality is 0.05mm, and the straightness is less than or equal to 0.1mm/100 mm;
step 5), water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection: and (5) carrying out water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection on the finish-machined sample in the step 4) by using detection equipment.
And (3) detection results: the water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection of the 60CrMn spring round steel is realized, the structure of the sample after heat treatment is compact and uniform, and the inclusion can be obviously detected, as shown in figure 2.
Comparative example 1
The difference between the comparative example and the example 5 is that the comparative example adopts the most common method for the bearing steel water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection at present, and the steps are as follows: sampling, isothermal spheroidizing annealing process, sample processing, water immersion and ultrasonic C scanning detection. The isothermal spheroidizing annealing process comprises the following steps: heating to 800 deg.C, holding for 3h, rapidly cooling to 710 deg.C at a rate of 50 deg.C/h, holding for 2h, furnace cooling to 650 deg.C at a rate of 25 deg.C/h, and air cooling.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the sample of this comparative example has an uneven structure and coarse crystal grains after heat treatment, and the dense region having a dark color in the C-scan image is an uneven structure of the sample, not a defect, and only a defect of 5mm or more is clearly indicated. Example 5 can detect macro inclusions more than 100 μm, the detection precision is much higher than that of the comparative example, and the tissues are uniform.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may apply the above modifications or changes to the equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and change made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a spring steel sample suitable for water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1) sampling: sampling the number and the positions of the spring steels according to requirements, wherein the samples are not bent;
step 2) rough machining of samples: carrying out primary rough machining on the sample obtained in the step 1), sawing the sample into a required length, and then turning the sample to a diameter required by a sample blank; the length of the sample is 100-600mm, and the diameter is 20-100 mm;
step 3) sample heat treatment: carrying out heat treatment on the sample blank obtained in the step 2), heating the sample to 820-;
step 4) sample finishing: step 3), carrying out fine grinding on the sample blank subjected to heat treatment by using a cylindrical grinding machine to prepare a test sample, wherein the surface roughness of the sample is less than or equal to 0.6 mu m, no burrs are arranged on the periphery of the end part, the ovality is less than or equal to 0.05mm, and the flatness is less than or equal to 0.05mm/100 mm;
step 5), water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection: and (5) carrying out water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection on the finish-machined sample in the step 4).
2. The preparation method of the spring steel sample suitable for water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: spring flat steel or spring round steel can be selected in the step 1) sampling.
3. The preparation method of the spring steel sample suitable for water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the quenching medium in the sample heat treatment in the step 3) comprises water, oil and PAG quenching liquid.
4. The preparation method of the spring steel sample suitable for water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the spring steel is 51CrMnV spring flat steel, and the chemical components comprise, by mass percent, C: 0.47-0.55%, Si: 0.17-0.37%, Mn: 0.70-1.10%, Cr: 0.90-1.20%, V: 0.10 to 0.25 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.35 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
5. The preparation method of the spring steel sample suitable for water immersion ultrasonic C scanning detection according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the spring steel is 60CrMn spring round steel, and the chemical components comprise, by mass: 0.56-0.64%, Si: 0.17-0.37%, Mn: 0.70-1.00%, Cr: 0.70 to 1.00 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.020 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.35 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Cu, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
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2021
- 2021-12-13 CN CN202111515122.0A patent/CN114323839A/en active Pending
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| JP2004093227A (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2004-03-25 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | Steel inclusion detection method by water immersion ultrasonic inspection |
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| KR20200070534A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2020-06-18 | 주식회사 포스코 | Measurement of austensite grain size in spring steels |
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