CN103008994A - Production method for dedicated steel ball for bearing of high-speed high-precision numerical control machine tool - Google Patents
Production method for dedicated steel ball for bearing of high-speed high-precision numerical control machine tool Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production method for a dedicated steel ball for a bearing of a high-speed high-precision numerical control machine tool. The method comprises the following steps of steel ball cold heading, namely machining blank by sleeve cutting, shaping, cold heading multi-station and high-speed cold heading ways; rough machining by adopting a macrocyclic light bulb technology; performing controllable atmosphere quenching, cold treatment and tapering treatment by adopting a continuous drum furnace, automatically controlling carbon potential; surface strengthening by adopting a frequency conversion speed adjusting multi-beating-plate structure; hard grinding by adopting a ceramic sand wheel to perform macrocyclic process to machine; after primary grinding, adopting double-roller sorting; after fine grinding, performing photoelectric eddy current test; performing ultra-fine grinding machining after aging treatment; and performing photoelectric detection after ultra-fine grinding. The diameter variation of the steel ball which is machined and produced by the method provided by the invention is less than 0.07 micron, the roundness is less than 0.05 micron, the spherical error is less than 0.05 micron, the surface roughness Ra is less than 0.07 micron, the variation of the diameter of the ball lot is less than 0.09 micron, and the bearing dmn value of the steel ball after being sleeved is more than 2.5*10<6> mm*r/min.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of steel ball production method, especially a kind of production method of high speed and super precision Digit Control Machine Tool bearing special-purpose steel ball.
Background technology
High speed and precision Digit Control Machine Tool bearing belongs to high accuracy, high-tech bearing species at present, technology content is higher, and development difficulty is larger, and major part needs dependence on import at present, seriously restrict the localization process of high speed and precision Digit Control Machine Tool, becoming the key components and parts of being badly in need of replace imported.Bearing mainly contains steel ball, inner and outer ring and retainer four parts and forms, in four large parts of bearing, steel ball is weakest link, the superficial makings of steel ball directly affects the life-span of bearing, more than 60%, and 80% above bearing failure comes from the inefficacy of steel ball to the contributive rate of bear vibration and noise.
China's steel ball and external steel ball with high precision are after tested at aspect and the it makes no odds such as simple grain geometric accuracy such as " roughness ", " circularity " at present, but the vibrating noise value difference of trap rear bearing is not larger, cause this difference, except raw-material difference, the more important thing is the difference of heat treatment level and steel ball moulding process, the difference that causes steel ball duty in bearing, thus bear vibration, noise and life-span have been produced larger impact.
Traditional steel ball production technology generally adopts the operation processing such as steel ball cold heading, photosphere, Q-tempering processing, hard grind, early grind, lappingout, but the requirement that does not also reach high speed and super precision Digit Control Machine Tool bearing special-purpose steel ball.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for overcoming above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of high speed and super precision Digit Control Machine Tool bearing special-purpose steel ball production method is provided, the method technique is simple, and the steel ball of production can reach " rolling bearing elaboration steel ball technical conditions " requirement.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A kind of high speed and super precision Digit Control Machine Tool bearing special-purpose steel ball production method, step is as follows:
(1) steel ball cold heading adopts multistation high-speed header system machining blanks;
(2) systemic circulation photosphere technique is adopted in roughing;
(3) heat treatment is adopted the quenching of continuous rotary drum furnace controlled atmosphere, cold treatment, temper, automatic control of carbon potential;
(4) surface peening is used the frequency control body structure surface that re-packs more and is strengthened;
(5) vitrified abrasive systemic circulation processes is adopted in hard grind;
(6) then early grind adopts two roller sortings;
(7) lappingout, then photoelectricity eddy current inspection;
(8) Ageing Treatment, then superfinishing;
(9) photoelectric inspection, superfinishing grind rear employing photoelectricity outward appearance instrument and detect steel ball surface defect.
At first bearing steel wire is cut into material section with sleeve blank mode in the described step (1), then will the section of expecting shaping, at last the section of expecting Upsetting is made steel ball blanks.
Per car processing capacity 1000-1200Kg in the described step (2), filing and grinding are separately carried out; At first adopt filing technique, eliminate endless belt and the two poles of the earth burr, and then grinding, process velocity 90-130r/min, pressure 100-200KN, stock removal 0.15-0.20mm.
Adopt continuous rotary drum furnace controllable atmosphere of nitrogen to quench in the described step (3), hardening media is fast quenching oil, carry out cold treatment after the quenching, last temper, quenching temperature 830-850 ℃, quench media temperature 60-80 ℃, 6-8 ℃ of cold treatment temperature, temperature 140-160 ℃, atmosphere is nitrogen+propane+methyl alcohol (nitrogen 8-10m
3/ h, propane 0-300L/h controls automatically, methyl alcohol 1-2.5L/h).
The rotating speed 160-200r/min that re-packs in the described step (4), drum rotation speed 8-12r/min strengthens rear surface hardness HRC62-63.5, then carries out temper, temperature 140-150 ℃.
Early grind is processed at vertical ball lapping machine in the described step (6), adopts the 2000# resin wheel, process velocity 10-30r/min, pressure 2-4KN; The ball size check systems are adopted in two roller sortings, and two rollers become tilt distribution, according to different product specifications, adjust corresponding distance and angle of inclination, and qualified products, rule value are bigger than normal, rule are worth size classes less than normal and select.
Lappingout is processed at vertical ball lapping machine in the described step (7), adopts the 4000# resin wheel, process velocity 10-20r/min, pressure 1-3KN; Photoelectricity eddy current inspection adopts photoelectricity, eddy current and three probes of vibration to detect synchronously steel ball surface and latent defect.
Ageing Treatment in the described step (8) adopts net belt type tempering furnace artificial aging, and temperature is 120～150 ℃, eliminates residual stress, improves dimensional accuracy; Superfinishing is ground at vertical ball lapping machine and is processed, and does not add abrasive material, adopts the 6000# resin wheel, aqua lapping liquid, process velocity 10-15r/min, pressure 0.8-1KN.
Adopt the processing of aqua grinding fluid in described step (2), the step (5); Adopt diadust to mix (per kilogram aqua lapping liquid adds 150-500 gram diadust) with the aqua lapping liquid as grinding agent in step (6) and the step (7).
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the steel ball ball diameter variation by the present invention processing is less than 0.07 μ m, circularity is less than 0.05 μ m, and deviation from spherical form is less than 0.05 μ m, and surface roughness Ra is less than 0.007 μ m, ball lot diameter variation is less than 0.09 μ m, steel ball trap rear bearing d
mThe n value is greater than 2.5X10
6Mmr/min.
Process route of the present invention is on existing processing technology for steel ball basis, by analyzing influence steel ball precision, life-span, high speed performance index (d
mN) correlative factor selects reliable, rational process, rational technological equipment to improve the accuracy of manufacture, life-span and the high speed performance of steel ball
The specific embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1: take 3.969mm(5/32) production technology of steel ball is example, the steel ball material is GCr15.
(1) steel ball cold heading: on high-speed cold heading machine, bearing steel wire adopted the sleeve blank; Then will the section of expecting shaping, remove burr; Then carry out cold-heading.Adopt the multi-station cold-heading mode, 700 of per minute machining blanks, blank dimension
4.27mm.
(2) roughing
Adopt systemic circulation photosphere technique, the processing of aqua grinding fluid, processing capacity 1000Kg at first adopts filing technique, eliminates endless belt and the two poles of the earth burr, then changes trains or buses to carry out grinding.Process velocity 90r/min, pressure 100KN, stock removal 0.18mm.
(3) heat treatment
Adopt continuous rotary drum furnace to carry out controllable atmosphere of nitrogen and quench, hardening media is fast quenching oil, carries out cold treatment after the quenching, last temper.830 ℃ of quenching temperatures, 70 ℃ of quench media temperature, 7 ℃ of cold treatment temperature, 160 ℃ of temperatures, atmosphere are nitrogen+propane+methyl alcohol (nitrogen 8m
3/ h, propane 0-300L/h controls automatically, methyl alcohol 2L/h), quenching-cold treatment-tempering on line is produced.
(4) surface peening
Use the frequency control structure that re-packs more and carry out surface peening, the rotating speed 160r/min that re-packs, drum rotation speed 8r/min strengthens rear surface hardness HRC62-63.5.Then carry out temper, 140 ℃ of temperatures.
(5) hard grind
Vitrified abrasive systemic circulation technique is adopted in hard grind, the processing of aqua grinding fluid, stock removal 0.09mm.
(6) early grind
Carry out early grind processing at vertical ball lapping machine, adopt diadust to mix with the aqua lapping liquid as grinding agent (per kilogram aqua lapping liquid is joined 150 gram diadusts), 2000# resin wheel, process velocity 15r/min, pressure 2KN.
(7) two roller sortings
The ball size check systems are adopted in two roller sortings, and two rollers become tilt distribution, and qualified products, rule value are bigger than normal, rule are worth size classes less than normal and select.
(8) lappingout
Carry out early grind processing at vertical ball lapping machine, adopt diadust to mix with the aqua lapping liquid as grinding agent (per kilogram aqua lapping liquid is joined 150 gram diadusts), 4000# resin wheel, process velocity 15r/min, pressure 1KN.
(9) photoelectricity eddy current inspection
Adopt photoelectricity, eddy current and three probes of vibration to detect synchronously steel ball surface and latent defect.
(10) Ageing Treatment
Adopt the net belt type tempering furnace to carry out artificial aging, temperature is 120 ℃, eliminates residual stress, improves dimensional accuracy.
(11) superfinishing is ground
Carry out early grind processing at vertical ball lapping machine, do not add abrasive material, adopt the 6000# resin wheel, the aqua lapping liquid.Process velocity 10r/min, pressure 0.8KN.
(12) photoelectric inspection
Adopt photoelectricity outward appearance instrument to detect steel ball surface defect.
Embodiment 2: take 5.953mm(15/64) production technology of steel ball is example, the steel ball material is GCr15.
(1) steel ball cold heading: on high-speed cold heading machine, bearing steel wire adopted the sleeve blank; Then will the section of expecting shaping, remove burr; Then carry out cold-heading.Adopt the multi-station cold-heading mode, 600 of per minute machining blanks, blank dimension
6.26mm.
(2) roughing
Adopt systemic circulation photosphere technique, the processing of aqua grinding fluid, processing capacity 1100Kg at first adopts filing technique, eliminates endless belt and the two poles of the earth burr, then changes trains or buses to carry out grinding.Process velocity 130r/min, pressure 150KN, stock removal 0.15mm.
(3) heat treatment
Adopt continuous rotary drum furnace to carry out controllable atmosphere of nitrogen and quench, hardening media is fast quenching oil, carries out cold treatment after the quenching, last temper.845 ℃ of quenching temperatures, 60 ℃ of quench media temperature, 8 ℃ of cold treatment temperature, 140 ℃ of temperatures, atmosphere are nitrogen+propane+methyl alcohol (nitrogen 9m
3/ h, propane 0-300L/h controls automatically, methyl alcohol 1L/h), quenching-cold treatment-tempering on line is produced.
(4) surface peening
Use the frequency control structure that re-packs more and carry out surface peening, the rotating speed 180r/min that re-packs, drum rotation speed 10r/min strengthens rear surface hardness HRC62-63.5.Then carry out temper, 140 ℃ of temperatures.
(5) hard grind
Vitrified abrasive systemic circulation technique is adopted in hard grind, the processing of aqua grinding fluid, stock removal 0.09mm.
(6) early grind
Carry out early grind processing at vertical ball lapping machine, adopt diadust to mix with the aqua lapping liquid as grinding agent (per kilogram aqua lapping liquid is joined 400 gram diadusts), 2000# resin wheel, process velocity, 25r/min, pressure 3KN.
(7) two roller sortings
The ball size check systems are adopted in two roller sortings, and two rollers become tilt distribution, and qualified products, rule value are bigger than normal, rule are worth size classes less than normal and select.
(8) lappingout
Carry out early grind processing at vertical ball lapping machine, adopt diadust to mix with the aqua lapping liquid as grinding agent (per kilogram aqua lapping liquid is joined 200 gram diadusts), 4000# resin wheel, process velocity 15r/min, pressure 2.5KN.
(9) photoelectricity eddy current inspection
Adopt photoelectricity, eddy current and three probes of vibration to detect synchronously steel ball surface and latent defect.
(10) Ageing Treatment
Adopt the net belt type tempering furnace to carry out artificial aging, temperature is 135 ℃, eliminates residual stress, improves dimensional accuracy.
(11) superfinishing is ground
Carry out early grind processing at vertical ball lapping machine, do not add abrasive material, adopt the 6000# resin wheel, the aqua lapping liquid.Process velocity 12r/min, pressure 0.9KN.
(12) photoelectric inspection
Adopt photoelectricity outward appearance instrument to detect steel ball surface defect.
Embodiment 3: take 6.747mm(17/64) production technology of steel ball is example, the steel ball material is GCr15.
(1) steel ball cold heading: on high-speed cold heading machine, bearing steel wire adopted the sleeve blank; Then will the section of expecting shaping, remove burr; Then carry out cold-heading.Adopt the multi-station cold-heading mode, 600 of per minute machining blanks, blank dimension
7.05mm.
(2) roughing
Adopt systemic circulation photosphere technique, the processing of aqua grinding fluid, processing capacity 1200Kg at first adopts filing technique, eliminates endless belt and the two poles of the earth burr, then changes trains or buses to carry out grinding.Process velocity 110r/min, pressure 200KN, stock removal 0.20mm.
(3) heat treatment
Adopt continuous rotary drum furnace to carry out controllable atmosphere of nitrogen and quench, hardening media is fast quenching oil, carries out cold treatment after the quenching, last temper.850 ℃ of quenching temperatures, 80 ℃ of quench media temperature, 6 ℃ of cold treatment temperature, 150 ℃ of temperatures, atmosphere are nitrogen+propane+methyl alcohol (nitrogen 10m
3/ h, propane 0-300L/h controls automatically, methyl alcohol 2.5L/h), quenching-cold treatment-tempering on line is produced.
(4) surface peening
Use the frequency control structure that re-packs more and carry out surface peening, the rotating speed 200r/min that re-packs, drum rotation speed 12r/min strengthens rear surface hardness HRC62-63.5.Then carry out temper, 150 ℃ of temperatures.
(5) hard grind
Vitrified abrasive systemic circulation technique is adopted in hard grind, the processing of aqua grinding fluid, stock removal 0.09mm.
(6) early grind
Carry out early grind processing at vertical ball lapping machine, adopt diadust to mix with the aqua lapping liquid as grinding agent (per kilogram aqua lapping liquid is joined 500 gram diadusts), 2000# resin wheel, process velocity, 30r/min, pressure 4KN.
(7) two roller sortings
The ball size check systems are adopted in two roller sortings, and two rollers become tilt distribution, and qualified products, rule value are bigger than normal, rule are worth size classes less than normal and select.
(8) lappingout
Carry out early grind processing at vertical ball lapping machine, adopt diadust to mix with the aqua lapping liquid as grinding agent (per kilogram aqua lapping liquid is joined 500 gram diadusts), 4000# resin wheel, process velocity 20r/min, pressure 3KN.
(9) photoelectricity eddy current inspection
Adopt photoelectricity, eddy current and three probes of vibration to detect synchronously steel ball surface and latent defect.
(10) Ageing Treatment
Adopt the net belt type tempering furnace to carry out artificial aging, temperature is 150 ℃, eliminates residual stress, improves dimensional accuracy.
(11) superfinishing is ground
Carry out early grind processing at vertical ball lapping machine, do not add abrasive material, adopt the 6000# resin wheel, the aqua lapping liquid.Process velocity 10r/min, pressure 1KN.
(12) photoelectric inspection
Adopt photoelectricity outward appearance instrument to detect steel ball surface defect.
Steel ball product parameters through above-mentioned processing is as follows:
| Inspection item | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Standard value |
| Ball diameter variation (μ m) | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.05 | ≤0.13 |
| Circularity (μ m) | 0.027 | 0.025 | 0.016 | ≤0.13 |
| Deviation from spherical form (μ m) | 0.032 | 0.032 | 0.034 | ≤0.13 |
| Surface roughness Ra (μ m) | 0.007 | 0.008 | 0.008 | ≤0.10 |
| Ball lot diameter variation (μ m) | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.09 | ≤0.25 |
| d mn mm·r/min） | 2.8×10 6 | 2.7×10 6 | 2.67×10 6 | ≥1.5×10 6 |
Reach " rolling bearing elaboration steel ball technical conditions " requirement.
Although above-mentioned the specific embodiment of the present invention is described; but be not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various modifications that creative work can make or distortion still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. high speed and super precision Digit Control Machine Tool bearing special-purpose steel ball production method is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1) steel ball cold heading adopts multistation high-speed header system machining blanks;
(2) systemic circulation photosphere technique is adopted in roughing;
(3) heat treatment is adopted the quenching of continuous rotary drum furnace controlled atmosphere, cold treatment, temper, automatic control of carbon potential;
(4) surface peening is used the frequency control body structure surface that re-packs more and is strengthened;
(5) vitrified abrasive systemic circulation processes is adopted in hard grind;
(6) then early grind adopts two roller sortings;
(7) lappingout, then photoelectricity eddy current inspection;
(8) Ageing Treatment, then superfinishing;
(9) photoelectric inspection, superfinishing grind rear employing photoelectricity outward appearance instrument and detect steel ball surface defect.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, at first bearing steel wire is cut into material section with sleeve blank mode in the described step (1), then will the section of expecting shaping, at last the section of expecting Upsetting is made steel ball blanks.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, per car processing capacity 1000-1200Kg in the described step (2), and filing and grinding are separately carried out; At first adopt filing technique, eliminate endless belt and the two poles of the earth burr, and then grinding, process velocity 90-130r/min, pressure 100-200KN, stock removal 0.15-0.20mm.
4. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that adopt continuous rotary drum furnace controllable atmosphere of nitrogen to quench in the described step (3), hardening media is fast quenching oil, carry out cold treatment after the quenching, last temper, quenching temperature 830-850 ℃, quench media temperature 60-80 ℃, 6-8 ℃ of cold treatment temperature, temperature 140-160 ℃, atmosphere is nitrogen+propane+methyl alcohol, wherein nitrogen 8-10m
3/ h, propane 0-300L/h controls automatically, methyl alcohol 1-2.5L/h.
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the rotating speed 160-200r/min that re-packs in the described step (4), and drum rotation speed 8-12r/min strengthens rear surface hardness HRC62-63.5, then carries out temper, temperature 140-150 ℃.
6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, early grind is processed at vertical ball lapping machine in the described step (6), adopts the 2000# resin wheel, process velocity 10-30r/min, pressure 2-4KN; The ball size check systems are adopted in two roller sortings, and two rollers become tilt distribution, according to different product specifications, adjust corresponding distance and angle of inclination, and qualified products, rule value are bigger than normal, rule are worth size classes less than normal and select.
7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, lappingout is processed at vertical ball lapping machine in the described step (7), adopts the 4000# resin wheel, process velocity 10-20r/min, pressure 1-3KN; Photoelectricity eddy current inspection adopts photoelectricity, eddy current and three probes of vibration to detect synchronously steel ball surface and latent defect.
8. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the Ageing Treatment in the described step (8) adopts net belt type tempering furnace artificial aging, and temperature is 120～150 ℃, eliminates residual stress, improves dimensional accuracy; Superfinishing is ground at vertical ball lapping machine and is processed, and does not add abrasive material, adopts the 6000# resin wheel, aqua lapping liquid, process velocity 10-15r/min, pressure 0.8-1KN.
9. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, adopts the processing of aqua grinding fluid in described step (2), the step (5); Adopt diadust to mix as grinding agent with the aqua lapping liquid in step (6) and the step (7), wherein per kilogram aqua lapping liquid adds 150-500 gram diadust.
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| CN106392492B (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2018-06-15 | 安顺市虹翼特种钢球制造有限公司 | Steel ball production and processing method |
| CN107130181A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-09-05 | 合肥力和机械有限公司 | A kind of household electrical appliances special bearing steel ball and preparation method thereof |
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| CN114589456A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-06-07 | 温州市中特钢球有限公司 | Production process of high-nitrogen stainless steel ball |
| CN112621393A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-09 | 中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | Grinding plate for steel ball superfinishing cycle processing and method for preparing steel ball by grinding plate |
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