CN103819275A - Method for controlling different forms of heavy metal in urban life compost by modified nano carbon - Google Patents
Method for controlling different forms of heavy metal in urban life compost by modified nano carbon Download PDFInfo
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- CN103819275A CN103819275A CN201410086700.7A CN201410086700A CN103819275A CN 103819275 A CN103819275 A CN 103819275A CN 201410086700 A CN201410086700 A CN 201410086700A CN 103819275 A CN103819275 A CN 103819275A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling different forms of heavy metal in urban life compost by adopting modified nano carbon. Before application of nano carbon with diameters ranging from 20 nm to 70 nm, the nano carbon is modified, so that various kinds of modified nano carbon are obtained respectively; then, a layer of cotton cloth and a nylon net are sealed at the lower end of each PVC (polyvinyl chloride) tube, garbage compost and various kinds of modified nano carbon are proportionally and uniformly mixed, and each tube is filled with 150 g of mixed materials; the temperature during an experiment ranges from 19 to 27 DEG C, the relative humidity is 60%-72%, the compost is supplemented with water every day, so that the moisture of the compost is about 70% of the field capacity; sampling is performed after 45 days of cultivation, and form analysis of heavy metal is performed; and the adding amount of various kinds of modified nano carbon is 1%-5% (w/w) of the weight of the garbage compost. The experiment result shows that the content of the residual form heavy metal is added with addition of the modified nano carbon, conversion of the heavy metal in the compost from an easily absorbing state to a difficultly absorbing state is promoted, and a basis is provided for application of the modified nano carbon in passivation of the heavy metal in the garbage compost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental protection technical field, relate to urban afforestation, particularly the regulate and control method of a kind of modified Nano carbon to urban life compost heavy metal different shape.
Background technology
Carbon black is that the volatile component of organism or fossil feedstock is transformed in the time of incomplete combustion or high temperature pyrolysis, is the product of gaseous process.Under normal circumstances, carbon black is porous nano material, and diameter is 30～50 nm, has large specific surface area and high active site position.
In the eighties in 20th century, the annual carbon black producing in the whole world is greatly about 50-270Tg(Tg=10
12g) left and right, wherein about 80% is to come from burning.Most carbon black directly enters soil, accumulates gradually, becomes the important component of the soil organism, and another part is kicked up in atmosphere by wind.Due to the inertia of carbon black, after its depositional stage, be subject to photochemical reaction and microbial process and be very little (.This means carbon black can long-term existence in environment, for the slow carbon storehouse of circulation on the earth, there is important contribution.
The absorption of nano-sized carbon can be divided into physical adsorption and chemisorption.Physical adsorption mainly occurs in the micropore that nano-sized carbon is abundant, for removing the impurity of water and air, the molecular diameter of these impurity must be less than the aperture of nano-sized carbon, and chemisorption is mainly because functional group is contained on the surface of nano-sized carbon, with the material generation chemical reaction being adsorbed.Impurity in medium constantly enters by physical adsorption and chemisorption in the vesicular structure of nano-sized carbon and makes nano-sized carbon absorption saturated, and adsorption effect declines.The nano-sized carbon of adsorbing after saturated need to be carried out activating and regenerating, recovers its adsorptive power, reuses, and loading capacity is larger, and adsorption effect is just better.Generally believe that at present nano-sized carbon is the superpower sorbent material of organic pollutant.It can strong adsorption polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorobiphenyl, many chloros dibenzo Dioxins, many chloros diphenylene-oxide and Poly Brominated Diphenyl Ethers, pesticide diuron, 3-chlorophenol and the various organic pollutants such as luxuriant and rich with fragrance.In fact, nano-sized carbon also has certain adsorption to heavy metal.Wu Cheng etc. find that carbon black can strong adsorption Hg
2+, As
3+, Pb
2+and Cd
2+, and to Pb
2+maximal absorptive capacity is much larger than to other several heavy metal species.
But nano-sized carbon is hydrophobic non-polar adsorbent, and nonpolar organic matter is had to stronger avidity, and to polar material, although can adsorb, adsorptive power a little less than.There are some researches show, nano-sized carbon is to Pb
2+maximal absorptive capacity much smaller than mineral and humic acids.Regulate surperficial acidic-group content by oxidation modification, can obviously strengthen it to Pb
2+, Cr
3+the absorption of the material that isopolarity is stronger, weakens the suction of weak organic substance of polarity.Therefore, on purpose nano-sized carbon being carried out to surface modification, give its some special surface chemical properties, is practicable thereby change its absorption property.
Mainly contain chemical modification, physically modified, chemistry and physical union modification, plasma modification and electrochemical modification etc. for the method for nano-sized carbon surface modification.Chemical modification is divided into again oxidation modification, modified with reduction, loaded metal ion modification, adds the heteroatoms modifications such as N, F, Cl.Wherein the oxidation modification of nano-sized carbon is mainly to utilize strong oxidizer, under proper temperature, oxide treatment is carried out in nano-sized carbon surface, thereby improves the content of black carbon surface oxygen acid group, strengthens surface polarity.At present, the properties-correcting agent that improves activated carbon surface acidic-group by oxidation modification mainly contains HNO
3, H
2o
2, H
2sO
4, HCl, HClO, HF and O
3deng oxygen oxidized black, introduce Suo Ji, its content is 6%.There are some researches show, adopt nitric acid oxidation carbon black, obtained the carbon black of high-content oxygen, is insolubles but wherein have most of, has affected the dispersion of carbon black in water.A large amount of oxy radicals has been introduced on the carbon black CBO surface making with nitric acid oxidation, as-COOH ,-OH etc., make black carbon surface be acid, and these polar groups have strengthened its dispersing property in water greatly.The research that nano-sized carbon is curbed environmental pollution as repair materials is not also a lot.There is research also to show: H
2sO
4the absorption of the carbon black of modification to ionic state pentavalent As, the carbon black of result modification can reach 62.52mgg to the maximal absorptive capacity of As
-1.Carbon black extensively exists at nature.In early days the research of carbon black is mainly concentrated on the environmental effect aspect of Atmospheric particulates.In soils and sediments, non-hydrolysis organic carbon accounts for the 25.6%-70.5% of total content of organic carbon, and carbon black accounts between the 4.14%-16.2% of total content of organic carbon.Have research sign to show, carbon black is to luxuriant and rich with fragrance adsorption isothermal line matching Freundiich equation well.H
2sO
4carbon black after modification is to As
5+maximal absorptive capacity can reach 62.52mgg
-1.But nano-sized carbon is studied rarely seen report for the improvement of lawn matrix heavy metal.Utilize nano-sized carbon high-specific surface area, high reaction activity and strong characterization of adsorption etc., make it further reinforcement by chemical modification, by its adsorption, reduce the biological effectiveness of heavy metal, be undoubtedly the heavy metal recovery technique that a kind of feasibility is very high.
Visible, above-mentioned research only limits to water body and soil field, and the object of application mostly is the pollution of repairing organic.The research of up to the present, administering for compost nano-sized carbon as repair materials there is no bibliographical information.
Obviously, the feature of nano-sized carbon high-specific surface area, high reaction activity and strong characterization of adsorption etc., is greater than the sorbing material of general particle diameter to the absorption crystallized ability of heavy metal.Nano-sized carbon is applied in compost heavy metal contamination reparation, can avoids bringing detrimentally affect to compost, this is incomparable as passivator ground method using lime, frog stone, zeolite etc.This will develop into the technology of a kind of low cost and eco-friendly in-situ passivation heavy metal, for the application of nano-sized carbon in environmental pollution improvement provides new development space.
Using city compost as lawn matrix, not only can avoid the injury of turf peeling to soil, also solve the problem of outlet of garbage compost.Compost contains abundant nutrient, to substitute the more satisfactory material of soil as lawn matrix, some lawn plant kinds can be grown in the heavier matrix of heavy metal contamination, and fast growth, regenerative power are strong, and the soil utilization of compost has very important significance.The heavy metal that uses deactivation method to repair in city compost has larger using value.Therefore when city compost is as lawn matrix, its heavy metal can obtain again the reparation of lawn plant.
Along with the fast development of China's economy and the raising of living standards of the people, the generation of domestic waste grows with each passing day.How to process a large amount of domestic refuses and become one of environmental problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.Composting process is to realize the effective means of Domestic Waste Minimization and resource utilization.Garbage compost not only can be used as fertilizer for agricultural production and income, also can be used as modifying agent and improves soil property and structure.But, in garbage compost, containing a certain amount of heavy metal, long-term application can cause heavy metal in soil content to increase, and finally threatens to human health by food chain.Therefore, the necessary reparation research of carrying out heavy metals from waste compost.Traditional heavy metal-polluted soil restorative procedure is restricted compared with high because of cost as soil moved in to improve the original method, drip-rinsing process, thermal treatment etc., and original position is fixedly a kind of economically viable method, in soil, add various additives, as unslaked lime, mud etc., by changing Heavy Metals, its mobility and utilizability are reduced.
Up to now, the research that nano-sized carbon is curbed environmental pollution as repair materials is not also a lot, is only having a small amount of report aspect passivation heavy metal-polluted soil.In addition, because the heavy metal of different shape can show different activity and bio-toxicity, so the technical value of nano-sized carbon regulation and control heavy metals from waste compost chemical form must be studied.This test is take garbage compost as experiment material, and adopt 6 kinds of different modes to carry out modification to nano-sized carbon, pass through indoor cultivation, the variation of the each form of heavy metals from waste compost after the different modified Nano carbon of research interpolation, object is to provide foundation for modified Nano carbon in the application of passivation heavy metals from waste compost.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that adopts modified Nano carbon to regulate and control urban life compost heavy metal different shape.The present invention is on the basis of optimization experiment, by adopting different methods to carry out modification to nano-sized carbon, contrast the passivation of different modified Nano carbon to compost heavy metal, response experiment by soil organisms to modified Nano carbon, probe into modified Nano carbon and be applied to agriculture feasibility, for guiding agricultural production provides foundation.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
(1) processing of material:
Before experiment, producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life is carried out to pre-treatment, removes the bulk foreign material such as plastics film, brick and tile, stone and glass wherein, air-dry after, cross 2 mm and sieve, for subsequent use; Garbage compost physico-chemical property is: pH 7.62, organic content 221.25 gkg
-1, full nitrogen 13.48 gkg
-1, available phosphorus 0.078 gkg
-1, C/N is 8.37, saturation moisture content 0.76 mLg
-1, unit weight 0.85 gmL
-1; Heavy metal (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) content is respectively 67.00,238.73,172.11 and 496.38 mgkg
-1;
Plants selection Festuca Arundinacea (
festuca arundinaceal
.);
Nano-sized carbon particle diameter 20-70 nm, specific surface area is 1.2 × 10
5m
2kg
-1, pH value is 7, uses front it to be carried out to modification, obtains respectively KMnO
4, H
2sO
4, HNO
3, ammoniacal liquor, Na
2cO
3or the nano-sized carbon of NaOH modification;
(2) experimental technique:
1) at the pvc pipe of high 25 cm of diameter 3 cm, lower end is sealed with one deck cotton and nylon wire, and garbage compost and each modified Nano carbon are mixed in proportion, and packs mixing material 150g in every pipe into;
2) experimental session temperature is 19-27 ℃, and relative humidity is 60%-72%, and keep the skin wet every day to compost, makes compost moisture reach field capacity 70% left and right; After cultivating 45d, sample, carry out Speciation Analysis of Heavy Metals; The add-on of wherein said each modified Nano carbon is the 1-5%(w/w of garbage compost weight).
The present invention further discloses and adopt method that modified Nano carbon regulates and controls urban life compost heavy metal different shape to promote compost heavy metal from the easy absorbing state of plant to the application of conversion aspect that is difficult for absorbing state at the content that increases residual form heavy metal.
The present invention further discloses and has adopted method that modified Nano carbon regulates and controls urban life compost heavy metal different shape reducing the application aspect heavy metal exchange state and carbonic acid combined content in compost, wherein said KMnO
4the add-on of modified Nano carbon is the 5%(w/w of garbage compost weight).Best for the Cr in garbage compost, Pb effect of modified Nano carbon in this case, and HNO
3modified Nano carbon is for the best results of Cu, Zn.
The present invention further discloses and has adopted the application aspect the content that reduces heavy metal Fe/Mn oxidizable in compost increases organism and sulfide combined content of method that modified Nano carbon regulates and controls urban life compost heavy metal different shape; Wherein said KMnO
4, H
2sO
4or HNO
3the add-on of modified Nano carbon is the 5%(w/w of garbage compost weight).
The present invention further discloses and has adopted the application aspect reducing the total content of combined heavy metal in compost of method that modified Nano carbon regulates and controls urban life compost heavy metal different shape; Wherein said KMnO
4the add-on of modified Nano carbon is the 5%(w/w of garbage compost weight).
The conclusion that the present invention reaches by test is as follows:
(1) modified Nano carbon all can significantly reduce the content of heavy metal exchange state and carbonic acid combined in compost, KMnO
4modified Nano carbon is best for Cr, Pb effect, and HNO
3modified Nano carbon is for the best results of Cu, Zn.
(2) oxidation modification nano-sized carbon has reduced the content of heavy metal Fe/Mn oxidizable in compost, has increased the content of organism and sulfide combined.
(3) modified Nano carbon has obviously reduced the total content of combined heavy metal in compost, and the effect of oxidation modification nano-sized carbon is greater than alkaline modified Nano carbon.
(4) adding of modified Nano carbon, has increased the content of residual form heavy metal, has promoted compost heavy metal from the easy absorbing state of plant to the conversion that is difficult for absorbing state.
The more detailed preparation method of the present invention is as follows:
1 materials and methods
1.1 for examination material
Consumer garbage compost, from Tianjin little Dian garbage compost treatment plant.Before experiment, garbage compost is carried out to pre-treatment, removes the bulk foreign material such as plastics film, brick and tile, stone and glass wherein, air-dry after, cross 2 mm and sieve, for subsequent use.Compost physico-chemical property is: pH 7.62, organic content 221.25 gkg
-1, full nitrogen 13.48 gkg
-1, available phosphorus 0.078 gkg
-1, C/N is 8.37, saturation moisture content 0.76 mLg
-1, unit weight 0.85 gmL
-1; Heavy metal (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) content is respectively 67.00,238.73,172.11 and 496.38 mgkg
-1.Lawn plant select Festuca Arundinacea (
festuca arundinacea L.).
Be purchased from real carbon plant of Tianjin autumn for examination nano-sized carbon, particle diameter 20-70 nm, specific surface area is 1.2 × 10
5m
2kg
-1, pH value is 7, uses front it to be carried out to modification.
The preparation of 1.2 modified Nano carbon
KMnO
4modification: take nano-sized carbon 10 g in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, add 100 mL0.03 molL
-1kMnO
4solution, leaves standstill after 10 min, is put in boiling reflux 1 h on general-purpose electricradiator.After cooling, repeatedly rinse with deionized water, make solution no longer muddiness and pH stable.Be transferred to beaker, under 110 ℃ of conditions, dry to constant weight.
H
2sO
4modification: the H that takes 10 g nano-sized carbon and join 250 mL 20%
2sO
4in solution, under 110 ℃ of conditions, heat 90 min.After cooling, repeatedly rinse with deionized water, make solution no longer muddiness and pH stable.Under 110 ℃ of conditions, dry to constant weight.
HNO
3modification: take 10 g nano-sized carbon and join in the salpeter solution of 150 mL 65%, be placed in 110 ℃ of oxidizing reaction 2 h on the hot-plate of stink cupboard.After cooling, repeatedly rinse with deionized water, make solution no longer muddiness and pH stable.Under 110 ℃ of conditions, dry to constant weight.
1.3 experimental design
7 processing are established in experiment altogether: only garbage compost contrast (CK), does not add modified Nano carbon; (garbage compost weight 5%) adds compost+5%KMnO in mass ratio
4modified Nano carbon (I); Compost+add 5%H
2sO
4modified Nano carbon (II); Compost+add 5%HNO
3modified Nano carbon (III); Compost+add 5%Na
2cO
3modified Nano carbon (IV); Compost+add 5%NaOH modified Nano carbon (V); Compost+add 5% ammoniacal liquor modified Nano carbon (VI).Every processing repeats for 3 times.Experiment container is the pvc pipe of high 25 cm of diameter 3 cm, and lower end is sealed with one deck cotton and nylon wire, and compost and each modified Nano carbon are mixed in proportion, and packs mixing material 150 g in every pipe into, and contrast is 150 g compost.Experimental session temperature is 19-27 ℃, and relative humidity is 60%-72%, and keep the skin wet every day to compost, makes compost moisture reach field capacity 70% left and right.While adding water, want significant care, adopt the mode dripping, cause heavy metal loss in case there is effusion to flow out in the process keeping the skin wet.After cultivating 45 d, sample, carry out Speciation Analysis of Heavy Metals.
1.4 analytical procedure
In compost, Heavy Metals classification adopts the BCR tri-step extraction methods that reference material office of the European Economic Community proposes, and is divided into 4 kinds of components of exchangeable species and carbonate combined, iron and manganese oxides combined, organism and sulfide combined and residual form.
The BCR extracting method of table 1 compost heavy metal
Experiment agents useful for same is analytical pure, the nitric acid cleaning of 2 molL-1 for vessel used, and by washed with de-ionized water 3 times, then in stink cupboard, dry.Heavy metal in filtrate (Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) content adopts TAS-990 atomic absorption measuring.
1.5 data processing
In literary composition, data are all mean value and the standard deviations repeating for 3 times, adopt SPSS 11.5 softwares to compare the single factor ANOVA statistical study in average to the data obtained.
2 development results and analysis
2.1 add the impact of modified Nano carbon on heavy metal exchange state in compost and carbonate combined
From table 2, in compost, heavy metal exchange state and carbonate combined, take Zn as maximum, account for 8.26% in full dose, and minimum be Cr, only account for 2.91% of full dose.Add 6 kinds of modified Nano carbon and reduced each heavy metal exchange state and carbonate combined content proportion in full dose.Except processing in V Cr and processing the ratio of Zn in IV, other are processed between the contrast of heavy metal ratios and have significant difference.Wherein, process I the most effective with processing III, it is minimum that processing I makes the exchange state of Cr and Pb and carbonate combined ratio, has reduced by 71.13% and 73.48% respectively than contrast; And the exchange state of Cu and Zn and carbonate combined ratio are being processed under the effect of III, reduce by 67.67% and 74.33% than contrast respectively.
The impact (%) of table 2 modified Nano carbon counterweight metal exchange state and carbonate combined
| Process | Cr | Cu | Pb | Zn |
| CK | 2.91±0.25a | 5.97±0.44a | 4.94±0.58a | 8.26±1.71a |
| Process I | 0.84±0.09d | 3.46±0.39cd | 1.31±0.17c | 3.93±0.71bc |
| Process II | 1.88±0.12bc | 2.45±0.44de | 3.33±0.10b | 2.32±0.71c |
| Process III | 1.97±0.39bc | 1.93±0.41e | 4.13±0.67b | 2.12±0.14c |
| Process IV | 2.04±0.06bc | 3.52±0.36cd | 1.40±0.10c | 5.84±0.23ab |
| Process V | 2.39±0.54ab | 4.67±0.38b | 1.99±0.19c | 3.12±0.14bc |
| Process VI | 1.69±0.12c | 2.89±0.41de | 3.62±0.35b | 3.63±0.85bc |
Note: with different letter representation significant differences in column data
p< 0.05;
Numerical value in table represents the ratio of this heavy metal species total amount in the exchange state of each heavy metal and the shared compost of carbonate combined.
2.2 add the impact of modified Nano carbon on heavy metal Fe/Mn oxidizable in compost
Modified Nano carbon on the impact of heavy metal Fe/Mn oxidizable content in compost in table 3.Contrary with heavy metal exchange state and carbonate combined content, in compost, heavy metal Fe/Mn oxidizable proportion is take Cr as maximum, and Zn is minimum.Each modified Nano carbon is processed the impact performance of each heavy metal different, and processing II has significantly reduced the Fe/Mn oxidizable ratio of Cr, compares with contrast, has declined 34.89%; Other are processed and contrast without significant difference.Processing V has significantly increased the Fe/Mn oxidizable ratio of Cu and Pb, exceeds 62.25% and 67.18% respectively than contrast.For Zn, Fe/Mn oxidizable ratio is minimum under the effect of processing III, compares CK and has reduced by 86.27%; Under the effect of processing IV, for the highest, comparing CK has increased by 60.78%.
The impact (%) of table 3 modified Nano carbon on heavy metal Fe/Mn oxidizable
| Process | Cr | Cu | Pb | Zn |
| CK | 3.21±0.19ab | 2.49±0.15cd | 1.95±0.41bc | 0.51±0.13c |
| Process I | 2.97±0.33abc | 2.24±0.68d | 1.34±0.1c | 0.45±0.1cd |
| Process II | 2.09±0.27c | 2.32±0.09d | 1.82±0.48bc | 0.25±0.03de |
| Process III | 2.58±0.07bc | 1.51±0.24d | 1.91±0.6bc | 0.07±0.01e |
| Process IV | 3.73±0.34a | 3.64±0.74abc | 2.37±0.25ab | 0.82±0.04a |
| Process V | 3.24±0.21ab | 4.04±0.74a | 3.26±0.33a | 0.56±0.17bc |
| Process VI | 3.72±0.93a | 3.73±0.47ab | 2.48±0.45ab | 0.78±0.04ab |
Note: with different letter representation significant difference P < 0.05 in column data; Numerical value in table represents the ratio of this heavy metal species total amount in the shared compost of Fe/Mn oxidizable of each heavy metal.
2.3 add the impact of modified Nano carbon on heavy metal organism in compost and sulfide combined
From table 4, in compost, heavy metal organism and sulfide combined content, take Cr as maximum, account for 3.19% in full dose; Take Cu as minimum, account for 1.63% of full dose.Add after modified Nano carbon, each impact of processing is not quite similar, and roughly shows as under the effect of acidity/oxidation modification nano-sized carbon, and heavy metal organism and sulfide combined ratio increase, and contrary under the effect of alkaline modified Nano carbon.Process organism and sulfide combined ratio that V and VI have significantly reduced Cr, to process V as minimum, compare CK and reduced by 26.96%; Respectively process the impact of organism on Cu and sulfide combined content without significant difference; Processing II and processing under III effect, the organism of Pb and sulfide combined ratio significantly increase, and compare with contrast, and processing III has increased by 52.80%; And for Zn, organism and sulfide combined Schwellenwert are for processing IV, comparing CK has reduced by 20.94%, and maximum appears at processing III, and comparing CK has increased by 47.01%.
The impact (%) of table 4 modified Nano carbon counterweight metallorganics and sulfide combined
| Process | Cr | Cu | Pb | Zn |
| CK | 3.19±0.33abc | 1.63±0.05abc | 2.86±0.79bcd | 2.34±0.08bc |
| Process I | 3.64±0.19a | 1.94±0.16a | 3.89±0.6ab | 2.33±0.26bc |
| Process II | 3.64±0.34a | 1.78±0.13ab | 4.09±0.13a | 2.52±0.07b |
| Process III | 3.33±0.09ab | 1.91±0.03a | 4.37±0.81a | 3.44±0.1a |
| Process IV | 2.78±0.31bcd | 1.35±0.4bc | 2.78±0.46bcd | 1.85±0.09d |
| Process V | 2.33±0.06d | 1.63±0.21abc | 2.07±0.09d | 2.02±0.03cd |
| Process VI | 2.58±0.24d | 1.29±0.04c | 2.61±0.16cd | 2.26±0.3bc |
Note: with different letter representation significant difference P < 0.05 in column data; Numerical value in table represents the ratio of this heavy metal species total amount in the organism of each heavy metal and the shared compost of sulfide combined.
2.4 add the impact of modified Nano carbon on heavy metal residual form in compost
Modified Nano carbon on the impact of heavy metal residual form content in compost in table 5.In compost, each heavy metal residual form content is all higher, and that the highest is Pb, exceed 90%, and minimum Zn is also more than 88%.Add after modified Nano carbon, each processing has all increased heavy metal residual form shared ratio in full dose, and effect is process I to Cr and Pb residual form ratio and process the impact of II on Zn residual form ratio the most significantly.Although with respect in contrast, increasing degree is little, because residual form content proportion in full dose is very large, compares with other form heavy metal content, its variable quantity is but very large.
The impact (%) of table 5 modified Nano carbon counterweight metallic residue state
| ? | Cr | Cu | Pb | Zn |
| CK | 89.72±2.33b | 89.98±10.07a | 91.64±5.91c | 88.27±0.65b |
| Process I | 93.72±4.43a | 92.47±4.47a | 96.05±6.25a | 92.79±2.88ab |
| Process II | 93.27±10.34a | 93.56±5.92a | 94.12±4.03b | 94.99±4.23a |
| Process III | 91.19±21.1ab | 94.81±2.01a | 93.75±0.49b | 94.27±1.75b |
| Process IV | 91.4±2.54ab | 91.65±5.92a | 93.88±0.78b | 90.71±0.46ab |
| Process V | 91.58±16.87ab | 89.99±6.34a | 93.13±2.38b | 94.08±3.08a |
| Process VI | 92.78±19.84ab | 91.76±0.95a | 91.67±8.83c | 92.97±2.56ab |
Note: with different letter representation significant difference P < 0.05 in column data; Numerical value in table represents the ratio of this heavy metal species total amount in the shared compost of the residual form of each heavy metal.
The 2.5 combined influence analyses of different modified Nano carbon to combined heavy metal content
Soil combined heavy metal refers to its exchange state and carbonate combined, Fe/Mn oxidizable, organism and sulfide combined, they are that primary mineral destroys through weathering, after heavy metal is released, in ground surface environment, form by the each phase recombine of various physics chemical action and soil, therefore these 3 kinds of forms of heavy metal are called again time looks.Table 6 is the combined influence of different modified Nano carbon to compost heavy metal time looks.Can find out, the adding of modified Nano carbon, in compost all there is decline in various degree in combined heavy metal content, and effect is apparent that the most, processes I and makes the inferior looks total amount of heavy metal Cr and Pb reduce by 19.98% and 32.92% than contrast respectively; Processing III makes the inferior looks total amount of heavy metal Cu reduce by 46.98%; Processing II makes the inferior looks total amount of heavy metal Zn reduce by 54.91%.
The combined influence (%) of the different modified Nano carbon of table 6 to the secondary phase of heavy metal
| Different treatment | Cr | Cu | Pb | Zn |
| CK | 9.31 | 10.09 | 9.75 | 11.11 |
| Process I | 7.45 | 7.64 | 6.54 | 6.71 |
| Process II | 7.61 | 6.55 | 9.24 | 5.09 |
| Process III | 7.88 | 5.35 | 10.41 | 5.63 |
| Process IV | 8.55 | 8.51 | 6.55 | 8.51 |
| Process V | 7.96 | 10.34 | 7.32 | 5.70 |
| Process VI | 7.99 | 7.91 | 8.71 | 6.67 |
3 development conclusions
3.1 modified Nano carbon all can significantly reduce the content of heavy metal exchange state and carbonic acid combined in compost, KMnO
4modified Nano carbon is best for Cr, Pb effect, and HNO
3modified Nano carbon is for the best results of Cu, Zn.
3.2 oxidation modification nano-sized carbon have reduced the content of heavy metal Fe/Mn oxidizable in compost, increased the content of organism and sulfide combined, and the result of 3 kinds of alkali modification nano-sized carbon are just in time contrary.
3.3 modified Nano carbon have obviously reduced the total content of combined heavy metal in compost, and the effect of oxidation modification nano-sized carbon is greater than alkaline modified Nano carbon.
Adding of 3.4 modified Nano carbon, has increased the content of residual form heavy metal, has promoted compost heavy metal from the easy absorbing state of plant to the conversion that is difficult for absorbing state.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described, and following each embodiment is not only limitation of the present invention for the present invention is described.Wherein chemical reagent used all has commercially available.
Embodiment 1
The regulate and control method of modified Nano carbon to urban life compost heavy metal different shape, is undertaken by following step:
(1) processing of material:
Before experiment, garbage compost is carried out to pre-treatment, removes the bulk foreign material such as plastics film, brick and tile, stone and glass wherein, air-dry after, cross 2 mm and sieve, for subsequent use; Garbage compost physico-chemical property is: pH 7.62, organic content 221.25 gkg
-1, full nitrogen 13.48 gkg
-1, available phosphorus 0.078 gkg
-1, C/N is 8.37, saturation moisture content 0.76 mLg
-1, unit weight 0.85 gmL
-1; Heavy metal (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) content is respectively 67.00,238.73,172.11 and 496.38 mgkg
-1;
Plants selection Festuca Arundinacea (
festuca arundinaceal
.);
Nano-sized carbon particle diameter 40nm, specific surface area is 1.2 × 10
5m
2kg
-1, pH value is 7, uses front it to be carried out to modification, obtains respectively KMnO
4, H
2sO
4, HNO
3, ammoniacal liquor, Na
2cO
3or the nano-sized carbon of NaOH modification;
(2) experimental technique:
1) at the pvc pipe of high 25 cm of diameter 3 cm, lower end is sealed with one deck cotton and nylon wire, and garbage compost and each modified Nano carbon are mixed in proportion, and packs mixing material 150g in every pipe into; After passivation 7 d, every pipe sowing 0.2 g tall fescue seed;
2) experimental session temperature is 19 ℃, and relative humidity is 60%%, and keep the skin wet every day to compost, makes compost moisture reach field capacity 70% left and right; After cultivating 45d, sample, carry out Speciation Analysis of Heavy Metals.The add-on of wherein said each modified Nano carbon is the 5%(w/w of garbage compost weight).
Embodiment 2
The regulate and control method of modified Nano carbon to urban life compost heavy metal different shape, is undertaken by following step:
(1) processing of material:
Before experiment, garbage compost is carried out to pre-treatment, removes the bulk foreign material such as plastics film, brick and tile, stone and glass wherein, air-dry after, cross 2 mm and sieve, for subsequent use; Garbage compost physico-chemical property is: pH 7.62, organic content 221.25 gkg
-1, full nitrogen 13.48 gkg
-1, available phosphorus 0.078 gkg
-1, C/N is 8.37, saturation moisture content 0.76 mLg
-1, unit weight 0.85 gmL
-1; Heavy metal (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) content is respectively 67.00,238.73,172.11 and 496.38 mgkg
-1;
Plants selection Festuca Arundinacea (
festuca arundinaceal
.);
Nano-sized carbon particle diameter 50 nm, specific surface area is 1.2 × 10
5m
2kg
-1, pH value is 7, uses front it to be carried out to modification, obtains respectively KMnO
4, H
2sO
4, HNO
3, ammoniacal liquor, Na
2cO
3or the nano-sized carbon of NaOH modification;
(2) experimental technique:
1) at the pvc pipe of high 25 cm of diameter 3 cm, lower end is sealed with one deck cotton and nylon wire, and garbage compost and each modified Nano carbon are mixed in proportion, and packs mixing material 150g in every pipe into; After passivation 7 d, every pipe sowing 0.2 g tall fescue seed;
2) 27 ℃ of experimental session temperature, relative humidity is 60%-72%, keep the skin wet every day to compost, makes compost moisture reach field capacity 70% left and right; After cultivating 45d, sample, carry out Speciation Analysis of Heavy Metals.The add-on of wherein said each modified Nano carbon is the 1-5%(w/w of garbage compost weight).
Embodiment 3
The regulate and control method of modified Nano carbon to urban life compost heavy metal different shape, is undertaken by following step:
(1) processing of material:
Before experiment, garbage compost is carried out to pre-treatment, removes the bulk foreign material such as plastics film, brick and tile, stone and glass wherein, air-dry after, cross 2 mm and sieve, for subsequent use; Garbage compost physico-chemical property is: pH 7.62, organic content 221.25 gkg
-1, full nitrogen 13.48 gkg
-1, available phosphorus 0.078 gkg
-1, C/N is 8.37, saturation moisture content 0.76 mLg
-1, unit weight 0.85 gmL
-1; Heavy metal (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) content is respectively 67.00,238.73,172.11 and 496.38 mgkg
-1;
Plants selection Festuca Arundinacea (
festuca arundinaceal
.);
Nano-sized carbon particle diameter 70 nm, specific surface area is 1.2 × 10
5m
2kg
-1, pH value is 7, uses front it to be carried out to modification, obtains respectively KMnO
4, H
2sO
4, HNO
3, ammoniacal liquor, Na
2cO
3or the nano-sized carbon of NaOH modification;
(2) experimental technique:
1) at the pvc pipe of high 25 cm of diameter 3 cm, lower end is sealed with one deck cotton and nylon wire, and garbage compost and each modified Nano carbon are mixed in proportion, and packs mixing material 150g in every pipe into; After passivation 7 d, every pipe sowing 0.2 g tall fescue seed;
2) experimental session temperature is 25 ℃, and relative humidity is 70%, and keep the skin wet every day to compost, makes compost moisture reach field capacity 70% left and right; After cultivating 45d, sample, carry out Speciation Analysis of Heavy Metals; The add-on of wherein said each modified Nano carbon is the 5%(w/w of garbage compost weight).
Claims (5)
1. a method that adopts modified Nano carbon to regulate and control urban life compost heavy metal different shape, is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
(1) processing of material:
Experiment before producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life is carried out to pre-treatment, remove foreign material, air-dry after, cross 2 mm sieve, for subsequent use; Plants selection Festuca Arundinacea (
festuca arundinaceal
.); Nano-sized carbon particle diameter 20-70 nm, specific surface area is 1.2 × 10
5m
2kg
-1, pH value is 7, uses front it to be carried out to modification, obtains respectively KMnO
4, H
2sO
4, HNO
3, ammoniacal liquor, Na
2cO
3or the nano-sized carbon of NaOH modification;
(2) experimental technique:
1) at the pvc pipe of high 25 cm of diameter 3 cm, lower end is sealed with one deck cotton and nylon wire, and garbage compost and each modified Nano carbon are mixed in proportion, and packs mixing material 150g in every pipe into;
2) experimental session temperature is 19-27 ℃, and relative humidity is 60%-72%, and keep the skin wet every day to compost, makes compost moisture reach field capacity 70% left and right; After cultivating 45d, sample, carry out Speciation Analysis of Heavy Metals; The add-on of wherein said each modified Nano carbon is the 1-5%(w/w of garbage compost weight).
2. described in claim 1, adopt method that modified Nano carbon regulates and controls compost heavy metal different shape to promote compost heavy metal from the easy absorbing state of plant to the application of conversion aspect that is difficult for absorbing state at the content that increases residual form heavy metal.
3. described in claim 1, adopt method that modified Nano carbon regulates and controls compost heavy metal different shape reducing the application aspect heavy metal exchange state and carbonic acid combined content in compost, wherein said KMnO
4the add-on of modified Nano carbon is the 5%(w/w of garbage compost weight), best for the Cr in garbage compost, Pb effect of modified Nano carbon in this case, and HNO
3modified Nano carbon is for the best results of Cu, Zn.
4. described in claim 1, adopt the application aspect the content that reduces heavy metal Fe/Mn oxidizable in compost increases organism and sulfide combined content of method that modified Nano carbon regulates and controls compost heavy metal different shape; Wherein said KMnO
4, H
2sO
4or HNO
3the add-on of modified Nano carbon is the 5%(w/w of garbage compost weight).
5. described in claim 1, adopt the application aspect reducing the total content of combined heavy metal in compost of method that modified Nano carbon regulates and controls compost heavy metal different shape; Wherein said KMnO
4the add-on of modified Nano carbon is the 5%(w/w of garbage compost weight).
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