CN106118663A - The method using carbon nanomaterial regulation and control deep layer lawn composting substrate pH value - Google Patents
The method using carbon nanomaterial regulation and control deep layer lawn composting substrate pH value Download PDFInfo
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- CN106118663A CN106118663A CN201610443225.3A CN201610443225A CN106118663A CN 106118663 A CN106118663 A CN 106118663A CN 201610443225 A CN201610443225 A CN 201610443225A CN 106118663 A CN106118663 A CN 106118663A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/04—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only applied in a physical form other than a solution or a grout, e.g. as granules or gases
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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Abstract
The invention discloses the method using carbon nanomaterial regulation and control deep layer lawn composting substrate pH value, it is to be planted in pvc pipe by Festuca Arundinacea, it is subsequently adding carbon nanomaterial, in each pvc pipe, river sand 30g filled by bottom, and 400g consumer garbage compost is filled on upper strata and 1% carbon nanomaterial forms mixed-matrix, static solidification 7 days, during solidification, quantitative watering maintenance every day water capacity, solidifies and plants Festuca Arundinacea after terminating, and application rate is 0.2 g/cm2；During cultivation, indoor temperature 18 ~ 25 DEG C, relative humidity 35% ~ 65%, illumination maintains compost to be the 70% of maximum water holding capacity, and to ensure moisture needed for plant growing, 70d cradles, and measures index of correlation.Experimental result shows: after adding carbon nanomaterial, the pH of substrate middle level and lower floor relatively compares all decline, wherein, adds hydroxylating multi-walled carbon nano-tubes maximum on the impact of substrate pH value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental protection technical field, relate to a kind of employing carbon nanomaterial regulation and control deep layer lawn composting substrate
The method of pH value.
Background technology
House refuse refers mainly to the solid waste produced in resident's daily life, production.Whole world house refuse is from 2005
51% will be increased to 2025.China's house refuse grows beyond 15% every year, and whole nation sanitary fill adds up appropriation of land more than 500,000,000
Square metre.By 2015, the house refuse annual production of our urban is anticipated will be more than 10,000,000 tons.House refuse physics becomes
The Organic substances such as inorganic matter and plant, fiber, plastics, paper such as distribution predominantly glass, brick and tile, cinder dirt, wherein can heap corruption
Thing accounts for more than 30%.Chemical composition is mainly moisture, N, P, K, organic matter etc., and some areas garbage water content exceedes
50%。
The most conventional life refuse processing method mainly has sanitary landfills, burning and During High-Temperature Composting.Sanitary landfills becomes
For being mostly the main method of city process house refuse.But sanitary landfills occupies a large amount of land used, along with the house refuse daily output
Improving year by year, garbage-surrounded city phenomenon is further serious, and the Leachate site that the higher direct heap buried of rubbish of moisture content produces is more, its
In containing more harmful substance, and produce a large amount of greenhouse gases, easily cause secondary pollution.Burning disposal makes combustiblerefuse fire
Burning is converted into residue, reduces garbage loading embeading amount, and high-temp combustion kills pathogen therein and bacterial parasite, and the heat energy of generation can
Generate electricity for heat supply.But burning partial contamination thing by solid state transformed as gaseous state, tail gas contains the polluter of complexity, especially can
Produce dioxin extremely toxic substance, have the strongest anelasticity in the environment.Compost treatment refers to by microorganism certain artificial
Under the conditions of, the Organic substance in fermentative degradation rubbish forms the process of stable humus, is a kind of resource, stabilisation, harmless
The solidification disposal of waste mode changed.House refuse is after composting, rich in nutrients such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and harmless treatment
After can improve soil environment as fertilizer, have a preferable application prospect, simultaneously also it is noted that consumer garbage compost is also deposited
The higher equivalent risk of content of beary metal wherein.Each processing mode requires that the composition of rubbish is different, and single-mode processes cannot
Realize real innoxious.Use multiple processing method to combine for rubbish difference main constituent, become present garbage disposal
Trend of the times.
Containing the nutrient substance needed for abundant organic matter and plant growing in garbage compost.Research shows, life rubbish
Organic substance in rubbish compost, N, K, content of lignin are higher, add in soil using compost as fertilizer, it is possible to increase soil is fertile
Power, increase water retention in soil, improve soil physicochemical property, promote plant growing, improve crop yield.There are some researches show,
Farmland castoff compost and chemical fertilizer respectively and are manured into soil, and plant Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, the upgrowth situation of contrast crop, number of pest
And economic benefit etc..Result shows, although apply to number of pest in the soil of compost the twice being to apply chemical fertilizer, but,
Economic benefit is its 3 times.Zhang Chunying[21]After different proportion composting compost and original soil, add the garbage compost of 5% ~ 20%
Organic matter, rapid available phosphorus and total nitrogen content can be significantly improved, increase flowers above and below ground dry weight；Wherein, when adding 10% compost,
Underground dry weight is 3.61 times of comparison.There are some researches show, utilizing compost to plant Herba Cichorii after improving soil, the fertility of soil significantly increases
Adding, Herba Cichorii is significantly increased production.Tang Shaojie is crop rotation winter wheat and summer corn on the soil apply compost, crop applying house refuse heap
After fertilizer, corn yield increasing rate substantially increases, and reaches 43.4%, and in wheat increase yield rate 2008 year, 2009 years were respectively 53.6% He
99.2%.In sand, use compost can improve the carbon-nitrogen ratio in soil, increase P, K, Mg content, and be of value to increasing
Add agron.But, even if the compost from industrial occupancy applies on a small quantity, dramatically increasing of content of beary metal also can be caused.
Discounting for the impact of heavy metal, add compost and can significantly improve soil quality.
Lawn, as the key component of construction of city afforestation, provides the place of amusement and recreation to urbanite.Can
Have the green grassland of high-quality, be one of the important criterion of urban modernization.Present urban afforestation land used mostly is old city and tears open
Moving ground or building site etc., soil property poor shortage fertility, tradition turf establishment uses entirety to lay roll of sod, consumes substantial amounts of
High-quality farmland.Lawn fertilising can effectively improve turf quality, supplements nutrient to lawn in time and can improve EDTA-Fe, adds
After adding compost, the germination percentage of lawn plant can be improved.Compost, to lawn plant is ecological and qualitative character has a significant impact, adds
After can improve the Biomass of turfgrass, promote growth；And accelerate plant to turn green, to the density of Second Year plant, quality, cover degree
Deng all there being facilitation.In Indigofera pseudotinctoria turf establishment, add the compost of 12.5%, it is possible to significantly improve turf quality, promote root
Leaf grows, and garbage compost can be obviously improved soil, improve fertilizer efficiency, increases nutrient content in soil.Additionally, compost can conduct
Without soil compounded turf matrix.Consumer garbage compost and beanstalk stalk are made composite interstitial substance, under the low proportioning joining beanstalk, seed germination,
The amount of individual plant net photosynthesis on the ground and chlorophyll are improved, it is possible to use compost and beanstalk stalk composite interstitial substance substitute soil planting grass
Level ground.Consumer garbage compost at different-grain diameter plants Festuca Arundinacea, and result shows, the house refuse heap of small particle (300-600nm)
The fertile chlorophyll content that can improve Festuca Arundinacea, and promote the growth of root, and arid wound can be alleviated under water stress
Evil, improves drought resistance.For microorganism and soil animal, add compost and can suppress lawn pathogen, not only can reduce
Lawn disease, and slow down the Drug resistance on lawn.After adding compost, in the built-in value system of lawn, the dominant genera of soil nematodes occurs
Change, the growth and breeding of suppression phytotrophy monoid, create good environment for lawn growth.
Consumer garbage compost is used for that turf establishment system can effectively improve the organic matter of soil, nutrient substance contains
Amount, and the heavy metal of lawn plant enrichment is not along food web enrichment, enters the healthy risk of harm and reduces.But, long
Phase uses the accumulation of heavy metal-polluted soil still can not little to peep, additionally, heavy metal in soil is migrated downward into by soil leaching,
Cause subsoil water heavy metal pollution.Reduce Heavy Metal Pollution in compost and will provide broader sky to the rational utilization of compost
Between.
Most of heavy metals are transitional elements.In soil environment, heavy metal can occur oxidoreduction in certain amplitude
Reaction, the heavy metal of different valence state has different activity and toxicity.Heavy metal pollution of soil has that scope is wide, the persistent period
Long, disguised strong, by features such as food chain enrichment, big, the irreversibilities of difficulty of governance.Large number of biological is analyzed and toxicological study table
Bright, the Transport And Transformation process of the biological activity of heavy metal element, toxicity and heavy metal and its existence in the environment in environment
Morphology is correlated with.Therefore rely only on total metals and be difficult to show the contamination characteristics of heavy metal.
Bioavailable state includes water-soluble state and exchange state.In soil, bioavailable state heavy metal has that content is little, moves
Shifting property feature strong, that easily absorb, they are sensitive to environmental change, it is possible to be directly absorbed by plants, and are to cause heavy metal-polluted soil dirty
Dye and the main source of harm organism.Biological potential available state include carbonate combined state, iron and manganese oxides combined state and
Organic substance combined state.Under stronger acid medium and suitable environmental condition, they transform into bioavailable state.With
The decline of pH value, carbonate combined state can discharge entrance soil environment.Fe-Mn oxide heavy metal is along with oxidoreduction
The change of situation (Eh), it is possible to can be released.Organically combine state heavy metal only may convert under alkalescence or oxidation environment
It is discharged in environment for activated state, therefore there is potential hazard.Residual form heavy metal is difficult to release under nature normal condition
Put, can be steady in a long-term in deposit, it is difficult to as plant absorption.But, when it runs into strong acid, highly basic or chelating agen, these
Ecosystem, it is also possible to be activated being discharged in environment, is constituted a threat to by metal.The content of beary metal of this form is to soil
The migration of middle heavy metal and the impact of bioavailability are minimum.
Heavy metal forms different chemical forms in soil, is easily adsorbed by soil media.But the shadow at various factors
Under sound, heavy metal can occur to migrate and conversion.Heavy metal migration in soil is a sufficiently complex process, is that physics moves
Shifting, physicochemical migration and three kinds of coefficient results of migration pattern of biogenic migration, result in heavy metal and migrate in soil
Be difficult to predictability.
Carbon nanomaterial is the ingredient that field of nanometer material technology is important, mainly includes CNT, fullerene, Graphene
And derivant etc..Graphene (graphene, GE) is that a kind of carbon atom by sp2 hydridization is formed with hexagonal array
Periodic cellular shape two dimension carbonaceous new material, has the physico-chemical property of uniqueness.2004, Univ Manchester UK's physics and
Geim and Novoselov of astronomy system etc. peel off graphite crystal with adhesive tape and obtain Graphene first, and thereby is achieved
Nobel Prize in physics in 2010.Common preparation method mainly has micromechanics stripping method, chemical vapour deposition technique, crystalline epitaxial
Growth method, soliquid method etc..The specific surface area that Graphene is huge makes it high-quality adsorbent, and its adsorption operations letter
Just, the advantage such as high treating effect is widely used in aqueous environment pollution amelioration, primary attachment two pollutant: Organic substance and nothing
Machine anion.
Graphene oxide (graphene oxide, GO) is typically by graphite through chemical oxidation, ultrasonic prepares, oxygen
Functionalized graphene is easy to large-scale production.At present the conventional graphite oxidation method of report mainly have Brodie method,
Standenmaier method and Hummers method.Meanwhile, to have substantial amounts of hydroxyl, carboxyl, epoxy radicals etc. oxygen-containing for graphene oxide
Group, is a kind of hydroaropic substance, can be fixedly combined formation complex by the effect of functional group and other polymer.Cause
This, graphene oxide is highly suitable for application during water processes and removes the metal in water and organic pollution.
CNT is that graphite galvanized hexagonal wire mesh plane is rolled into the single-layer tubular material of seamless tubular or is wrapped in interior, layer by layer
The multilamellar " tube-like materials " of intussusception.CNT is divided into SWCN (SWNTs) and multi-walled carbon nano-tubes
(MWNTs).The diameter of SWCN is substantially between 0.4～2.5nm, and length is up to a few micrometers；Multi-walled carbon nano-tubes by
Multiple coaxial SWNTs form, and the number of plies can be between two-layer to tens layers, and distance 0.34nm between layers, diameter is permissible
Reach about 100nm.MWNTs specific surface is lower slightly, owing to there is more defect on MWNTs tube wall, thus has higher change
Learn activity.CNT contains abundant nanoaperture structure and huge specific surface area, and architectural feature determines its physics, chemistry
Character, is mainly manifested in it and has excellent absorbability, special electrical and mechanical character, and have excellent energy of adsorption
Power.
Graphene, graphene oxide and CNT are due to the surface texture of its uniqueness, huge specific surface area so that it is tool
There is the strongest absorbability, Organic substance, inorganic matter are all shown stronger absorption property.Numerous studies show, carbon nanometer material
Material is used for adsorbing organic contamination and has good adsorption effect, utilize Graphene formaldehyde adsorption, basic stain, containing phenyl ring Organic substance etc.
Polluter.The graphene oxide using wet method to prepare not only has good mechanical features, and can pollute by active adsorption
Dyestuff in solution.The research repair materials absorption sulfamethoxazole with Graphene as substrate, all material all shows stronger
Absorbability, maximal absorptive capacity successively: graphene (239.0mg g-1)>graphene–NH2 (40.6 mg·g-1)
> graphene–COOH (20.5 mg·g-1)> graphene–OH(11.5 mg·g-1).Repairing performance develops with environment pH
Changing, when pH=2 when, its absorption property is the strongest, but as pH=9, then loses absorbability.Farghali etc. use
Hummer method prepares graphene oxide and reduction obtains redox graphene, uses CoFe2O4Modify oxidoreduction Graphene, survey
Trying its adsorption to C.I. 42590, result shows, graphenic surface is long-pending reaches 40.6m2/g.Additionally, graphene oxide is to other
Basic stain also has preferable adsorption, utilizes the methyl blue in 3DGO biopolymer gels absorption effluent and crystal violet,
By experimentation, the absorption maximal absorptive capacity of the two is respectively 1100mg/g and 1350mg/g, and has absorption to have very
Strong selectivity.Magnetic oxygenated Graphene can simultaneously Cd, methyl blue and Exocarpium Citri Rubrum G in adsorbent solution, result shows, adsorbance
It is 91.29 mg/g respectively, 64.23 mg/g and 20.85 mg/g；Coexist in system at Cd and methyl blue, magnetic oxygenated Graphene
The absorption affinity of Cd is declined with the increase of methyl blue concentration；Coexist in system at Cd and Exocarpium Citri Rubrum G, absorption Exocarpium Citri Rubrum G ability with
The increase of Cd concentration and increase.
Carbon nanomaterial and composite thereof are also widely used for the absorption of heavy metal, compared for surface modified carbon nanometer
The absorbability of Cd is shown by pipe, carbon nano-fiber, activated carbon and flying dust, and carbon nanotube adsorption performance is best, next to that active
Charcoal.Graphene shows stronger absorbability to Cu, removes the Cu in sewage with sulfur-bearing Graphene, and result shows, adsorbs
Journey is swift in response, and maximal absorptive capacity is 228mg/g, and it can be as adsorbing material for aqueous pollution remediation.Yang have studied
Lamellar graphene oxide is to the removal of Cu in solution, and research shows, Cu2+Enriching quantity be 46.6 mg/g, higher than carbon nanometer
Pipe and activated carbon.Jiang etc. prepare Graphene-CdS composite, and the heavy metal in aqueous phase is had good adsorptivity equally
Energy.Use different mode of oxidizing to prepare CNT, have preferable repairing effect for Adsorption of Cu ion.Jun etc. are prepared for sulphur
Changing salt-graphene oxide-polyaniline (LS-CO-PANI) composite, it shows the absorbability stronger to Pb, at 30 ° of C
Under, high adsorption capacity reaches 216.4mg/g.Hao etc. prepare SiO2/ graphene complex also analyzes its character, shows, complex
Having higher selectivity and adsorptivity for Pb ion, maximal absorptive capacity is 113.6mg/g, compares SiO2The absorption of nano thin-layer
Amount is greatly improved.The research such as Kim finds that the complex chemical compound (CS-MWNT-PAA-PADPA/FG) containing multi-walled carbon nano-tubes is right
Sexavalence Cr has strong absorbability.
The adsorpting characteristic of carbon nanomaterial and composite heavy metal thereof is mainly by such environmental effects.Liliu etc. make
Standby glutaraldehyde-chitosan (GCCS) and the graphene oxide-chitosan (CSGO) Au and Pb in adsorption aqueous solution, result table
Bright, the optimum pH scope of CSGO heavy metal absorption more than CSGO, be respectively Au be pH3-5；Pb is pH3-4；Chitosan and 5%
The composite heavy metal adsorption effect prepared of graphene oxide best, maximal absorptive capacity be respectively as follows: 1076.69mg/g and
216.92mg/g.The PAS-GO of the preparation such as Luo is when pH is 4-7, maximum, for 312.3mg/g to the adsorbance of Pb in solution.
Wang etc. use Hummer method to prepare graphene oxide, have investigated the conditions such as pH value of solution, adsorbent content, ion concentration, temperature
Impact.Result shows, the optimum pH of absorption Zn is that 7,20 minutes internal adsorption reach balance, it is carried out desorption experiment and shows
Under the conditions of hydrochloric acid, the desorption efficiency of Zn is maximum.The absorbability of carbon nanomaterial heavy metal is in addition to receiving pH impact, also by temperature
The impact of degree, research shows that graphene oxide repair ability at different temperatures is different.Additionally, the organic counterweight in environment
Metal adsorption also has certain impact, and Ye etc. utilizes the Cu in oxidation multi-walled carbon nano-tubes absorption aqueous phase and salicylic acid, result of study
Showing, both Cu and salicylic acid mutually promote the other side's absorption in CNT surface.After carbon nano tube surface combined organic, have
Effect adds its absorbability to Cu.Yilong prepares magnetic mesoporous silicon oxide graphene oxide (MMSP-GO) composite
For Adsorption of Heavy Metals and humic acid, MMSP-GO shows preferable co-absorbed ability, and single material absorption ratio to the two
Relatively, the absorption property of its heavy metal Pb and Cd can be improved containing humic acid.Pb is had the strongest by EDTA modified graphene oxide
Absorbability, when pH=6.8, absorbability is about 479mg/g, and adsorption rate is quickly, and within 20 minutes, internal adsorption reaches
To balance, the EDTA-GO after absorption Pb can use HCl eluting, recycle.Ma etc. utilize carbon nanotube adsorption Pb, Cu, Zn,
Tetra-kinds of metals of Cd, in competitive Adsorption, Pb shows stronger adsorptivity, and compares with other four kinds of metals, is difficult to desorbing.
CNT is to the absorbability of heavy metal in water in research, and result shows, divalent heavy metal ions absorbability on different CNTs
For: Pb2+＞ Cd2+＞ Co2+＞ Zn2+＞ Cu2+。
When edaphic condition changes, the form of heavy metal in soil changes therewith, mainly by oxidoreduction in soil
The impact of the factors such as condition, additive, pH value.PH is the material impact factor of heavy metal-polluted soil dissolubility and persistence, and pH leads to
Cross the change adsorption potential of heavy metal in soil, the stability of absorption surface, existing forms and coordination property etc. and affect weight in soil
The chemical behavior of metal.It addition, species of heavy metals in soil distribution is different with the difference of crop.Arable farming environment is to a huge sum of money
The form belonged to has important impact, mainly due to groups such as the existence of plant root exudation effect, the pH microorganisms of crop rhizosphere
Become one and have the special habitats differing from non-rhizosphere so that heavy metal in rhizosphere and non-rhizospheric environment the content of each chemical form and
Distribution the most difference.
In a word, current Graphene and CNT and derived material thereof, for heavy metal adsorption technology, are limited primarily to pollute
Water body treating field, and it is applied to the regulation in terms of the pH of lawn consumer garbage compost substrate planting system, also there is no document report
Road.
Summary of the invention
The present invention selects carbon nanomaterial and derivant thereof as regulator, it is therefore intended that in regulation consumer garbage compost
The effectiveness of heavy metal.This technology is in turf establishment system, significant to the remediation efficiency of consumer garbage compost,
And help lend some impetus to domestic garbage resource utilization.
The invention discloses following content for achieving the above object:
A kind of method using carbon nanomaterial regulation and control deep layer lawn composting substrate pH value, it is characterised in that enter by the steps
OK:
(1) material is developed
Take from Tianjin little Dian consumer garbage compost treatment plant for examination garbage compost, cross 2mm sieve standby；Described little shallow lake life rubbish
Its basic physical and chemical of rubbish compost is: the content of organic matter 22.00%, unit weight 0.79g/cm3, porosity 67.98%, saturation moisture content
0.67ml·g-1, pH value 7.49, full nitrogen 0.57%, full phosphorus 0.34%, full potassium 1. 21%, available phosphorus 0.078 g kg-1, C/N
Being 8.37, wherein tenor is respectively as follows: Ca 23.23 mg/kg, Fe 30.49 g/kg, Mg 5. 78 g/kg, Cu
341.34 mg/kg, Zn 677.33 mg/kg, Pb 216.98 mg/kg, Cd 5.02 mg/kg, Mn 437.88 mg/kg,
Cr 702.6 mg/kg, Ni 41.82 mg/kg.
Take from Tianjin little Dian consumer garbage compost treatment plant for examination garbage compost, cross 2mm sieve standby；
The flit size of graphene microchip: 0.5-20 μm；Microplate thickness: 5-25 nm；Specific surface area: 40-60 m2/g；Density:
About 2.25 g/cm3；Electrical conductivity: 8000-10000 S/m；Phosphorus content: > 99.5%.
The average thickness of graphene oxide: 3.4-7 nm；Lamella diameter: 10-50 μm；The number of plies: 5-10 layer；Specific surface area:
100-300 m2/g；Purity > 90%.
The diameter of functionalized multi-wall carbonnanotubes: 20-40 nm；Length: 10-30 μm；-COOH content: 1.43%；Purity:
>90 wt%；Ashes: < 8 wt%；Specific surface area: > 110 m2/g；Conductivity: > 102 s/cm。
The diameter of hydroxylating multi-walled carbon nano-tubes: 20-40 nm；Length: 10-30 μm；-OH content: 1.63%；Purity: >
90 wt%；Ashes: < 8 wt%；Specific surface area: > 110 m2/g；Conductivity: > 102 s/cm；
The grass seeds northern common grass Festuca Arundinacea of selection (Festuca arundinacea)；
(2) method:
1) Festuca Arundinacea is planted in high 25 cm, the pvc pipe of diameter 5 cm, uses double gauze back cover, Setup Experiments 1 comparison at the bottom of pipe
Group (CK), matched group is without carbon nanomaterial, and experimental group is respectively carbon nanomaterial functionalized multi-wall carbonnanotubes (C-CH)
With carbon nanomaterial hydroxylating multi-walled carbon nano-tubes (C-OH)；
2), in each pvc pipe, river sand 30 g filled by bottom, and 400 g consumer garbage compost and 1%(w/w are filled on upper strata) carbon nanometer material
Material forms compost and the mixed-matrix of nano material；Carbon nanomaterial and compost load in pipe after being sufficiently mixed uniformly, static solid
Changing 7 days, quantitative watering maintenance every day water capacity during solidification, solidification plants Festuca Arundinacea after terminating, and application rate is 0.2 g/
cm2；
3), during cultivating, indoor temperature 18 ~ 25 DEG C, relative humidity 35% ~ 65%, illumination is the natural light 6856 penetrating indoor
LX-27090 LX, frequent reversing of position is to ensure that illumination is consistent, and maintaining compost is the 70% of maximum water holding capacity, to ensure that plant is raw
Long required moisture, 70d cradles, and measures index of correlation.
Mixed-matrix of the present invention includes upper, middle and lower-ranking, upper strata 0-8 cm, middle level 8-16 cm, lower floor 16-25
cm。
The present invention further discloses and use the method for carbon nanomaterial regulation and control deep layer lawn composting substrate pH value reducing
Application in terms of the pH value of deep layer lawn consumer garbage compost substrate.The pH value of its mid-deep strata lawn consumer garbage compost substrate refers to
Be soil depth be the pH value of middle level 8-25 cm.Carbon nanomaterial therein refers to Graphene, graphene oxide and hydroxyl
In general, after adding carbon nanomaterial, the pH of substrate middle level and lower floor relatively compares all decline to base multi-walled carbon nano-tube, its
In, add hydroxylating multi-walled carbon nano-tubes maximum on the impact of substrate pH value.
More detailed description of the present invention is as follows:
1 develops materials and methods
1.1 material
Take from Tianjin little Dian consumer garbage compost treatment plant for examination garbage compost, cross 2mm sieve standby.Its basic physical and chemical
For: the content of organic matter 22.00%, unit weight 0.79g/cm3, porosity 67.98%, saturation moisture content 0.67ml g-1, pH value 7.49,
Full nitrogen 0.57%, full phosphorus 0.34%, full potassium 1. 21%, available phosphorus 0.078 g kg-1, C/N is 8.37, and wherein tenor divides
It is not: Ca 23.23 mg/kg, Fe 30.49 g/kg, Mg 5. 78 g/kg, Cu 341.34 mg/kg, Zn 677.33 mg/
Kg, Pb 216.98 mg/kg, Cd 5.02 mg/kg, Mn 437.88 mg/kg, Cr 702.6 mg/kg, Ni 41.82 mg/
kg。
Graphene microchip (Graphene) is purchased from Nanjing Ji Cang nanosecond science and technology company limited, for black, random flake
Structure, flit size: 0.5-20 μm；Microplate thickness: 5-25 nm；Specific surface area: 40-60 m2/g；Density: about 2.25 g/
cm3；Electrical conductivity: 8000-10000 S/m；Phosphorus content: > 99.5%.
Graphene oxide (Graphene oxide) is purchased from Suzhou Heng Qiu nanometer company, for black or brownish yellow powder, puts down
All thickness: 3.4-7 nm；Lamella diameter: 10-50 μm；The number of plies: 5-10 layer；Specific surface area: 100-300 m2/g；Purity > 90%.
Functionalized multi-wall carbonnanotubes (carboxylic multi-walled carbon nanotubes) is purchased from Beijing
Rich space high-tech new material technology company limited, diameter: 20-40 nm；Length: 10-30 μm；-COOH content: 1.43%；Pure
Degree: > 90 wt%；Ashes: < 8 wt%；Specific surface area: > 110 m2/g；Conductivity: > 102 s/cm。
Hydroxylating multi-walled carbon nano-tubes (Hydroxylation multi-walled carbon nanotubes) is purchased from north
Space high-tech new material technology company limited, diameter: 20-40 nm are won in capital；Length: 10-30 μm；-OH content: 1.63%；Pure
Degree: > 90 wt%；Ashes: < 8 wt%；Specific surface area: > 110 m2/g；Conductivity: > 102 s/cm。
The grass seeds northern common grass Festuca Arundinacea of selection (Festuca arundinacea).
1.2 Technology design
Festuca Arundinacea is planted in high 25 cm, the pvc pipe of diameter 5 cm, uses double gauze back cover at the bottom of pipe.1 matched group of Setup Experiments
(CK), matched group is without carbon nanomaterial.
Experimental group respectively adds Graphene (G)；Graphene oxide (GO).Functionalized multi-wall carbonnanotubes (C-CH) and hydroxyl
Base multi-walled carbon nano-tube (C-OH).
In each pvc pipe, river sand 30 g filled by bottom, and 400 g consumer garbage composts and 1% carbon nanomaterial are filled in upper strata
Mixed-matrix；Each process repeats for 3 times.Carbon nanomaterial and compost load in pipe after being sufficiently mixed uniformly, static solidification 7
My god, quantitative watering maintenance every day water capacity during solidification.Solidification plants Festuca Arundinacea after terminating, and application rate is 0.2 g/cm2。
During cultivation, indoor temperature 18 ~ 25 DEG C, relative humidity 35% ~ 65%, illumination is natural light (6856 LX-penetrating indoor
27090 LX), frequent reversing of position is consistent to ensure illumination.Maintaining compost is the 70% of maximum water holding capacity, to ensure plant growing
Required moisture.70d cradles, and measures index of correlation.Substrate divide upper, middle and lower three layers (upper strata 0-8 cm, middle level 8-16 cm, under
Layer 16-25 cm), measure index of correlation after air-drying.
1.3 index determining
1.3.1 plant height is dynamic
After sowing the 5th d, start to measure plant height, measure once every 5 d.Every basin randomly selects the 5 uniform plant of strain growing way
Measure plant height, take the plant height that its meansigma methods is each process.
1.3.2 chlorophyll relative content measures
Before cradling, measuring chlorophyllous relative amount with Chlorophyll meter (SPAD-520), each basin randomly selects 10 strains
More uniform blade is measured, using its meansigma methods as Festuca Arundinacea chlorophyll relative content.
1.3.3 the mensuration of substrate pH value
Weigh 10.00 g to air-dry substrate and be dried in conical flask in 100 ml, add 50 ml deionized waters (soil ratio 5:1),
Mixing, shakes 30 min, stands 30 min.PH meter (PHS-25 type) electrode is inserted in the suspension on top, read reading, often
Deionized water rinsing electrode is all used between individual sample determination.
1.4 data process
Experimental data uses SPPS 17.0 statistical software that experimental data carries out one factor analysis of variance, uses Tukey method,
?P=0.05 level carries out data difference significance test.Result uses Microsoft Excel 2007 to map.
2 development results analyses
2.1 Tall Fescue Leaves verdazulene and plant heights
As shown in Table 1, add different carbon nanomaterial and Festuca Arundinacea affected significant difference.The leaf of graphene oxide process group is green
Element relative amount is the highest, and the chlorophyll relative content significant difference of multi-walled carbon nano-tubes process group, but and matched group, Graphene
Process group is compared without significant difference.Wherein chlorophyll relative content minimum for hydroxylating multi-walled carbon nano-tubes, only matched group
79.08%.
Table 1 Tall Fescue Leaves verdazulene
Note: with letter representation significant difference P < 0.05 different in column data；Wherein CK represents that matched group, G represent interpolation Graphene；
GO represents interpolation graphene oxide, and C-CH represents interpolation functionalized multi-wall carbonnanotubes, and C-OH represents interpolation hydroxylating many walls carbon
Nanotube, lower same.
Festuca Arundinacea change of height as it is shown in figure 1, between first 30 days each process groups Festuca Arundinacea plant height be not significantly different from, subsequently
Each process group of interpolation carbon nanomaterial relatively compares plant height and has declined, during 35d to 50d, at functionalized multi-wall carbonnanotubes
Reason group plant height relatively compares and substantially reduces, Graphene process, graphene oxide process and hydroxylating multi-walled carbon nano-tubes process group
Though plant height relatively compares decline but difference is the most notable.Before cradling, add the process group of Graphene and add carboxylic carbon nano-tube
Process group Festuca Arundinacea plant height has relatively compareed and has substantially reduced；Add and be not significantly different between each process group of carbon nanomaterial.
The impact on substrate pH value of 2.2 carbon nanomaterials
Fig. 2 show the impact of different carbon nanomaterial layer each on substrate pH value, and substrate lower floor pH is the highest for matched group, next to that base
Matter upper strata, what pH value was minimum is middle level.Adding after carbon nanomaterial, each layer substrate pH value trend there occurs change, all become on
Layer > middle level > lower floor.Relatively can obtain with the pH value of layer substrate, what overlayer matrix pH value was the highest is at functionalized multi-wall carbonnanotubes
Reason group process group, next to that matched group, and both significant differences, the other three process group relatively matched group all substantially reduces.Middle level
The pH value of substrate is that matched group content is the highest, and process group the most relatively compares and reduced, and wherein functionalized multi-wall carbonnanotubes processes
Group difference is not notable, other equal significant differences.The pH value relatively matched group of underlying substrate process group substantially reduces.In general, add
After adding carbon nanomaterial, the pH of substrate middle level and lower floor relatively compares all decline, wherein, adds hydroxylating multi-walled carbon nano-tubes pair
The impact of substrate pH value is maximum.
3 develop conclusion
After adding CNT and derivant thereof, it has reduction effect to the pH value of deep layer lawn consumer garbage compost substrate.This
Can be that regulation and control lawn consumer garbage compost system heavy metal reparation provides foundation the most targetedly.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 Festuca Arundinacea dynamic plant height figure；
Fig. 2 difference carbon nanomaterial affects figure to substrate pH value.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described below by specific embodiment.Unless stated otherwise, technological means used in the present invention
It is method known in those skilled in the art.It addition, embodiment is interpreted as illustrative, and the unrestricted present invention
Scope, the spirit and scope of the invention are limited only by the claims that follow.To those skilled in the art, without departing substantially from this
On the premise of invention spirit and scope, the various changes carrying out the material component in these embodiments and consumption or change are also
Belong to protection scope of the present invention.The present invention is raw materials used, reagent is commercially available.
Embodiment 1
(1) material is developed
Take from Tianjin little Dian consumer garbage compost treatment plant for examination garbage compost, cross 2mm sieve standby；Little shallow lake consumer garbage compost
Its basic physical and chemical is: the content of organic matter 22.00%, unit weight 0.79g/cm3, porosity 67.98%, saturation moisture content
0.67ml·g-1, pH value 7.49, full nitrogen 0.57%, full phosphorus 0.34%, full potassium 1. 21%, available phosphorus 0.078 g kg-1, C/N
Being 8.37, wherein tenor is respectively as follows: Ca 23.23 mg/kg, Fe 30.49 g/kg, Mg 5. 78 g/kg, Cu
341.34 mg/kg, Zn 677.33 mg/kg, Pb 216.98 mg/kg, Cd 5.02 mg/kg, Mn 437.88 mg/kg,
Cr 702.6 mg/kg, Ni 41.82 mg/kg.
The grass seeds northern common grass Festuca Arundinacea of selection (Festuca arundinacea)；
Graphene microchip (Graphene) is purchased from Nanjing Ji Cang nanosecond science and technology company limited, for black, and random flaky texture,
Flit size: 10 μm；Microplate thickness: 5nm；Specific surface area: 40 m2/g；Density: about 2.25 g/cm3；Electrical conductivity: 8000S/m；
Phosphorus content: > 99.5%.
Graphene oxide (Graphene oxide) is purchased from Suzhou Heng Qiu nanometer company, for black or brownish yellow powder, puts down
All thickness: 3.4nm；Lamella diameter: 10 μm；The number of plies: 5 layers；Specific surface area: 100 m2/g；Purity > 90%.
Functionalized multi-wall carbonnanotubes (carboxylic multi-walled carbon nanotubes) is purchased from Beijing
Rich space high-tech new material technology company limited, diameter: 20 nm；Length: 10 μm；-COOH content: 1.43%；Purity: > 90
wt%；Ashes: < 8 wt%；Specific surface area: > 110 m2/g；Conductivity: > 102 s/cm。
Hydroxylating multi-walled carbon nano-tubes (Hydroxylation multi-walled carbon nanotubes) is purchased from north
Space high-tech new material technology company limited, diameter: 20 nm are won in capital；Length: 10 μm；-OH content: 1.63%；Purity: > 90
wt%；Ashes: < 8 wt%；Specific surface area: > 110 m2/g；Conductivity: > 102 s/cm。
The grass seeds northern common grass Festuca Arundinacea of selection (Festuca arundinacea).(2) method:
1) Festuca Arundinacea is planted in high 25 cm, the pvc pipe of diameter 5 cm, uses double gauze back cover, Setup Experiments 1 comparison at the bottom of pipe
Group (CK), matched group is without carbon nanomaterial, and experimental group is respectively carbon nanomaterial functionalized multi-wall carbonnanotubes (C-CH)
With carbon nanomaterial hydroxylating multi-walled carbon nano-tubes (C-OH)；
2), in each pvc pipe, river sand 30 g filled by bottom, and 400 g consumer garbage compost and 1%(w/w are filled on upper strata) carbon nanometer material
Material forms compost and the mixed-matrix of nano material；Carbon nanomaterial and compost load in pipe after being sufficiently mixed uniformly, static solid
Changing 7 days, quantitative watering maintenance every day water capacity during solidification, solidification plants Festuca Arundinacea after terminating, and application rate is 0.2 g/
cm2；
3), during cultivating, indoor temperature 18 DEG C, relative humidity 35%, illumination is natural light 6856 LX-27090 penetrating indoor
LX, frequent reversing of position is consistent to ensure illumination, and maintaining compost is the 70% of maximum water holding capacity, to ensure water needed for plant growing
Point, 70d cradles, and measures index of correlation.Substrate divides upper, middle and lower three layers (upper strata 0-8 cm, middle level 8-16 cm, lower floor 16-25
Cm), index of correlation is measured after air-drying.
Embodiment 2
Take from Tianjin little Dian consumer garbage compost treatment plant for examination garbage compost, cross 2mm sieve standby.Its basic physical and chemical
For: the content of organic matter 22.00%, unit weight 0.79g/cm3, porosity 67.98%, saturation moisture content 0.67ml g-1, pH value 7.49,
Full nitrogen 0.57%, full phosphorus 0.34%, full potassium 1. 21%, available phosphorus 0.078 g kg-1, C/N is 8.37, and wherein tenor divides
It is not: Ca 23.23 mg/kg, Fe 30.49 g/kg, Mg 5. 78 g/kg, Cu 341.34 mg/kg, Zn 677.33 mg/
Kg, Pb 216.98 mg/kg, Cd 5.02 mg/kg, Mn 437.88 mg/kg, Cr 702.6 mg/kg, Ni 41.82 mg/
kg。
The grass seeds northern common grass Festuca Arundinacea of selection (Festuca arundinacea)；
Graphene microchip (Graphene) is purchased from Nanjing Ji Cang nanosecond science and technology company limited, for black, and random flaky texture,
Flit size: 20 μm；Microplate thickness: 25 nm；Specific surface area: 40m2/g；Density: about 2.25 g/cm3；Electrical conductivity:
10000 S/m；Phosphorus content: > 99.5%.
Graphene oxide (Graphene oxide) is purchased from Suzhou Heng Qiu nanometer company, for black or brownish yellow powder, puts down
All thickness: 7 nm；Lamella diameter: 50 μm；The number of plies: 10 layers；Specific surface area: 300 m2/g；Purity > 90%.
Functionalized multi-wall carbonnanotubes (carboxylic multi-walled carbon nanotubes) is purchased from Beijing
Rich space high-tech new material technology company limited, diameter: 40 nm；Length: 30 μm；-COOH content: 1.43%；Purity: > 90
wt%；Ashes: < 8 wt%；Specific surface area: > 110 m2/g；Conductivity: > 102 s/cm。
Hydroxylating multi-walled carbon nano-tubes (Hydroxylation multi-walled carbon nanotubes) is purchased from north
Space high-tech new material technology company limited, diameter: 40 nm are won in capital；Length: 30 μm；-OH content: 1.63%；Purity: > 90
wt%；Ashes: < 8 wt%；Specific surface area: > 110 m2/g；Conductivity: > 102 s/cm。
The grass seeds northern common grass Festuca Arundinacea of selection (Festuca arundinacea).1.2 Technology design
Festuca Arundinacea is planted in high 25 cm, the pvc pipe of diameter 5 cm, uses double gauze back cover at the bottom of pipe.1 matched group of Setup Experiments
(CK), matched group is without carbon nanomaterial.Experimental group is respectively functionalized multi-wall carbonnanotubes (C-CH) and the many walls of hydroxylating
CNT (C-OH).
In each pvc pipe, river sand 30 g filled by bottom, and 400 g consumer garbage composts and 1% carbon nanomaterial are filled in upper strata
Mixed-matrix；Each process repeats for 3 times.Carbon nanomaterial and compost load in pipe after being sufficiently mixed uniformly, static solidification 7
My god, quantitative watering maintenance every day water capacity during solidification.Solidification plants Festuca Arundinacea after terminating, and application rate is 0.2 g/cm2。
During cultivation, indoor temperature 25 DEG C, relative humidity 65%, illumination is the natural light (6856 LX-27090 LX) penetrating indoor,
Often reversing of position is consistent to ensure illumination.Maintaining compost is the 70% of maximum water holding capacity, to ensure moisture needed for plant growing.
70d cradles, and measures index of correlation.Substrate divides upper, middle and lower three layers (upper strata 0-8 cm, middle level 8-16 cm, lower floor 16-25
Cm), index of correlation is measured after air-drying.
Claims (7)
1. the method using carbon nanomaterial regulation and control deep layer lawn composting substrate pH value, it is characterised in that by the steps
Carry out:
(1) material is developed
Take from Tianjin little Dian consumer garbage compost treatment plant for examination garbage compost, cross 2mm sieve standby；
The grass seeds northern common grass Festuca Arundinacea of selection (Festuca arundinacea)；
The flit size of graphene microchip: 0.5-20 μm；Microplate thickness: 5-25 nm；Specific surface area: 40-60 m2/g；Density:
About 2.25 g/cm3；Electrical conductivity: 8000-10000 S/m；Phosphorus content: > 99.5%；
The average thickness of graphene oxide: 3.4-7 nm；Lamella diameter: 10-50 μm；The number of plies: 5-10 layer；Specific surface area: 100-
300 m2/g；Purity > 90%；
The diameter of functionalized multi-wall carbonnanotubes: 20-40 nm；Length: 10-30 μm；-COOH content: 1.43%；Purity: > 90
wt%；Ashes: < 8 wt%；Specific surface area: > 110 m2/g；Conductivity: > 102s/cm；
The diameter of hydroxylating multi-walled carbon nano-tubes: 20-40 nm；Length: 10-30 μm；-OH content: 1.63%；Purity: > 90
wt%；Ashes: < 8 wt%；Specific surface area: > 110 m2/g；Conductivity: > 102 s/cm；
(2) method:
1) Festuca Arundinacea is planted in high 25 cm, the pvc pipe of diameter 5 cm, uses double gauze back cover, Setup Experiments 1 comparison at the bottom of pipe
Group (CK), matched group is without carbon nanomaterial, and experimental group respectively adds Graphene (G)；Graphene oxide (GO), carboxylated
Multi-walled carbon nano-tubes (C-CH) and hydroxylating multi-walled carbon nano-tubes (C-OH)；
2), in each pvc pipe, river sand 30 g filled by bottom, and 400 g consumer garbage compost and 1%(w/w are filled on upper strata) carbon nanometer material
Material forms compost and the mixed-matrix of nano material；Carbon nanomaterial and compost load in pipe after being sufficiently mixed uniformly, static solid
Changing 7 days, quantitative watering maintenance every day water capacity during solidification, solidification plants Festuca Arundinacea after terminating, and application rate is 0.2 g/
cm2；
3), during cultivating, indoor temperature 18 ~ 25 DEG C, relative humidity 35% ~ 65%, illumination is the natural light 6856 penetrating indoor
LX-27090 LX, frequent reversing of position is to ensure that illumination is consistent, and maintaining compost is the 70% of maximum water holding capacity, to ensure that plant is raw
Long required moisture, 70d cradles, and measures index of correlation.
2. the method described in claim 1, wherein said mixed-matrix includes upper, middle and lower-ranking, upper strata 0-8 cm, middle level
8-16 cm, lower floor 16-25 cm.
3. the method described in claim 1, wherein said little shallow lake its basic physical and chemical of consumer garbage compost is: organic matter contains
Amount 22.00%, unit weight 0.79g/cm3, porosity 67.98%, saturation moisture content 0.67ml g-1, pH value 7.49, full nitrogen 0.57%,
Full phosphorus 0.34%, full potassium 1. 21%, available phosphorus 0.078 g kg-1, C/N is 8.37, and wherein tenor is respectively as follows: Ca
23.23 mg/kg, Fe 30.49 g/kg, Mg 5. 78 g/kg, Cu 341.34 mg/kg, Zn 677.33 mg/kg, Pb
216.98 mg/kg, Cd 5.02 mg/kg, Mn 437.88 mg/kg, Cr 702.6 mg/kg, Ni 41.82 mg/kg.
4. the method using carbon nanomaterial regulation and control deep layer lawn composting substrate pH value described in claim 1 is reducing deep layer lawn
Application in terms of the pH value of consumer garbage compost substrate.
5. the application described in claim 4, the pH value of its mid-deep strata lawn consumer garbage compost substrate refers to soil depth and is
The pH value of middle level 8--25 cm.
6. the application described in claim 4, it is many that carbon nanomaterial therein refers to Graphene, graphene oxide and hydroxylating
Wall carbon nano tube.
7. the application described in claim 4, carbon nanomaterial therein refers to hydroxylating multi-walled carbon nano-tubes.
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