CN103814031B - 制备2-三氟甲基-5-(1-取代的)烷基吡啶的改进方法 - Google Patents
制备2-三氟甲基-5-(1-取代的)烷基吡啶的改进方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
2‑三氟甲基‑5‑(1‑取代的)烷基吡啶可由4‑烷氧基‑1,1,1‑三氟丁‑3‑烯‑2‑酮通过缩合和环化反应有效率和高收率地制备。两种反应都在相同的非极性溶剂中进行,无需分离和纯化中间体。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2010年12月3日提交的美国临时申请61/419,279的优先权。该临时申请的全部内容通过参考并入本申请。
背景技术
本发明涉及由取代的烯胺制备2-三氟甲基-5-(1-烷基硫代)烷基吡啶的改进方法。
2-三氟甲基-5-(1-烷基硫代)烷基吡啶是用于制备某些新杀虫剂的有用的中间体;参见,例如,美国专利7,678,920和7,687,634。美国专利7,541,469和7,709,650尤其描述了4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁-3-烯-2-酮与烯胺的缩合,然后在氨或能够产生氨的试剂存在下环化。美国专利公开2010-0004457尤其描述了4-氯-4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟-2-丁酮与烯胺在叔胺碱存在下缩合,得到二烯胺中间体,其之后在氨或能够产生氨的试剂存在下环化。需要以4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁-3-烯-2-酮开始的方法,其中缩合反应和环化反应可以在相同的便利溶剂中进行,可以减少单元操作而不会降低总反应收率。
发明内容
本发明涉及制备2-三氟甲基-5-(1-取代的)烷基吡啶的改进方法。更特别地,本发明涉及制备2-三氟甲基-5-(1-取代的)烷基吡啶(I)的改进方法,
其中
Rl和R2独立地表示H,Cl-C4烷基,或者Rl或R2的任一个与R3共同表示4-元至6-元饱和环,或者R1与R2共同表示任选地取代有O或N原子的3-元至6-元饱和环,
R3表示C1-C4烷基,或者R1或R2的任一个与R3共同表示4-元至6-元饱和环,和
X表示CH2,O或S,
其中:
i)式(II)的4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁-3-烯-2-酮与烯胺(III)缩合得到式(IV)的中间体,
其中R表示C1-C4烷基
其中
Rl,R2,R3和X如之前限定,和
R4和R5独立地表示C1-C8烷基,C2-C8烯基,C1-C8芳基烷基,C1-C8卤代烷基,C1-C8烷氧基烷基,C1-C8烷基氨基烷基,芳基或杂芳基,或者R4和R5与N共同表示5-元或6-元饱和或不饱和环,
其中
Rl,R2,R3,R4,R5和X如之前限定,和
ii)式(IV)的中间体在氨或能够产生氨的试剂存在下环化,
改进包括在非极性溶剂中进行两个步骤,而无需分离或纯化缩合中间体IV。
在本发明的优选实施方式中,R1和R2独立地表示H或甲基,R3表示甲基,X表示S。
具体实施方式
除非另有特别限制,否则本申请使用的术语“烷基”(包括衍生术语,例如“卤代烷基”,“烷氧基烷基”,“烷基氨基烷基”和“芳基烷基”)包括直链基团,支链基团,和环状基团。因此,典型的烷基是甲基,乙基,1-甲基-乙基,丙基,1,1-二甲基乙基,和环丙基。本申请使用的术语“烯基”包括直链基团,支链基团,和环状基团,并且意在包括一个或多个不饱和键。术语“卤素”包括氟,氯,溴和碘。术语“卤代烷基”包括取代有一个至最大可能数目的卤素原子的烷基。术语“芳基”以及衍生术语例如“芳基烷基”是指苯基或萘基。术语“杂芳基”是指包含一个或多个杂原子(即,N,O或S)的5-元或6-元芳环;这些杂芳环可以与其它芳环体系稠合。
在本发明中,2-三氟甲基-5-(1-取代的)烷基吡啶(I)如下制备:通过使式(II)的4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁-3-烯-2-酮与烯胺(III)缩合得到式(IV)的中间体,并通过使式(IV)的中间体在氨或能够产生氨的试剂存在下环化制得:
其中
Rl和R2独立地表示H,Cl-C4烷基,或者Rl或R2的任一个与R3共同表示4-元至6-元饱和环,或者R1与R2共同表示任选地取代有O或N原子的3-元至6-元饱和环;
R3表示C1-C4烷基,或者R1或R2的任一个与R3共同表示4-元至6-元饱和环;和
X表示CH2,O或S;
其中R表示C1-C4烷基
其中
R1,R2,R3和X如之前限定;和
R4和R5独立地表示C1-C8烷基,C2-C8烯基,C1-C8芳基烷基,C1-C8卤代烷基,C1-C8烷氧基烷基,C1-C8烷基氨基烷基,芳基或杂芳基,或者R4和R5与N共同表示5-元或6-元饱和或不饱和环,
其中
Rl,R2,R3,R4,R5和X如之前限定。方法的改进包括在非极性溶剂中进行两个步骤,而无需分离或纯化缩合中间体IV。
在本发明的第一步骤中,式(II)的4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁-3-烯-2-酮与烯胺(III)反应得到式(IV)的中间体:
其中R表示C1-C4烷基
其中
Rl,R2,R3,R4,R5和X如之前限定
烯胺(III)可以如下便利地制备:在吸水材料存在下使用或不使用适当的溶剂使适当取代的胺加成至适当取代的醛。通常,适当取代的醛(例如3-烷基硫代丙醛)与无水二取代的胺(例如吡咯烷)在约-20℃至约20℃在干燥剂例如无水碳酸钾存在下反应,产物通过常规过程分离,并且通常无需进一步纯化即可使用。
在缩合方法中需要约等摩尔量的4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁-3-烯-2-酮(II)和烯胺(III)。
缩合反应在约-20℃至约35℃的温度进行。约-5℃至约20℃的温度通常是优选的。
该缩合反应优选地在非极性溶剂中进行。优选的非极性溶剂包括烃和芳族烃溶剂,最优选为甲苯。
优选的是,应该将4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁-3-烯-2-酮(II)添加到烯胺(III)的预形成的混合物中。
在典型的缩合反应中,将烯胺(III)在约-5℃至约20℃溶解于所需非极性溶剂,将4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁-3-烯-2-酮(II)经添加漏斗连续添加到该溶液中。搅拌该混合物,直至4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁-3-烯-2-酮(II)和烯胺(III)消耗完。使用非极性溶剂如甲苯,中间体(IV)可以无需进一步分离和纯化即可使用。
在方法的最终步骤中,式(IV)的中间体在氨或能够产生氨的试剂存在下环化,得到所需的2-三氟甲基-5-(1-取代的)烷基吡啶(I)
能够产生氨的典型试剂包括,例如,1)酸(优选为有机酸)的铵盐,2)甲酰胺,或3)甲酰胺与酸或酸式盐。可以使用任何脂族或芳族有机酸的铵盐,但是为加工方便,C1-C4链烷酸的铵盐是优选的。甲酸铵和乙酸铵是最优选的。
在环化方法中需要约等摩尔量的中间体(IV)和氨或能够产生氨的试剂,但是通常优选的是2-4倍过量的氨或氨前体。
该环化与缩合反应相同的非极性溶剂中进行。
反应在约环境温度至约150℃的温度进行。约45℃至约110℃的温度通常是优选的。
产物通过常规技术例如硅胶色谱法或分级蒸馏分离。
在典型的环化反应中,将有机酸的铵盐直接从缩合反应添加到中间体(IV)中,加热混合物直至反应完成。反应混合物可用水和任选的盐水洗涤,2-三氟甲基-5-(1-取代的)烷基吡啶(I)可以通过真空蒸馏分离。
以下实施例用于说明本发明。
实施例
实施例1:制备1,1,1-三氟-6-甲基硫代-5-(吡咯烷-1-基亚甲基)庚-3-烯-2-酮
A)将1-(吡咯烷-1-基)-3-甲基硫代-1-丁烯在甲苯中的溶液(396.989,29.43wt%,116.83g,0.682摩尔)倒入1-升(L)3-颈圆底烧瓶中,该烧瓶装备有磁力搅拌器,内部温度计,压力平衡添加漏斗以及氮气油鼓泡器和塞子。使搅拌的溶液在冰浴中冷却至<5℃。历时52分钟(min)将4-乙氧基-1,1,1-三氟-丁-3-烯-2-酮(128.2g,0.763摩尔,1.12当量(equiv))经添加漏斗添加到冷的搅拌的烯胺溶液中。初始温度为2.2℃,最终温度为3.5℃,在添加过程中达到5.0℃的最大温度。使反应混合物缓慢回温至室温并搅拌过夜。取样深红色反应混合物并通过冷柱头(cool on-column)(COC)气相色谱(GC)分析。COC GC分析基于归一化的面积%给出:未反应的烯胺(8.2面积%),1,1,1-三氟-4-(吡咯烷-1-基)丁-3-烯-2-酮杂质(11.3面积%)和1,1,1-三氟-6-甲基硫代-5-(吡咯烷-1-基亚甲基)庚-3-烯-2-酮产物(80.5面积%)。然后将粗产物溶液(522.70g)转移至玻璃样品瓶用于之后的实验。针对确定之后实验中氨装载量的目的,假设转化率为100%或1.305毫摩尔二烯胺/克溶液。
B)将甲苯(330g)添加到1-L 3-颈圆底烧瓶中的63wt%的1-(吡咯烷-1-基)-3-甲基硫代-1-丁烯/甲苯溶液(173.18g,0.634摩尔烯胺),所述烧瓶装备有磁力搅拌器,压力平衡添加漏斗以及氮气油鼓泡器和塞子。使搅拌的溶液在冰浴中冷却至<5℃。历时33min将1,1,1-三氟-丁-3-烯-2-酮(117.11g,0.697摩尔,1.10 equiv)经添加漏斗逐滴添加到搅拌的冷却溶液中。达到7.0℃的最大温度。移开冰浴,使反应混合物在搅拌过夜的情况下回温至室温。将整个深红色反应混合物(668.92g)转移至玻璃样品瓶。针对确定之后装载量的目的,假设溶液包含0.9463毫摩尔1,1,1-三氟-6-甲基硫代-5-(吡咯烷-1-基亚甲基)庚-3-烯-2-酮产物/克溶液(即从烯胺100%转化)。在以下实验中直接使用该溶液。
C)将1-(吡咯烷-1-基)-3-甲基硫代-1-丁烯/甲苯溶液(178.96g,39.1wt%烯胺,69.97g,0.408摩尔)添加到500-毫升(mL)3-颈夹套式玻璃反应器,所述反应器装备有具有Teflon桨的顶置式机械搅拌器,玻璃热套管与K-热电偶,连接于ProMinent泵的Teflon装载线用于1,1,1-三氟-丁-3-烯-2-酮装载,和带有氮气油鼓泡器的回流冷凝器。添加甲苯(122.38 g)以将烯胺浓度调节为23.2wt%。使搅拌的溶液冷却至<5℃。将1,1,1-三氟-丁-3-烯-2-酮(77.18g,97面积%纯度,74.86g,0.445摩尔,1.09 equiv)倒入氮气保护的具有通向ProMinent泵的线的输送瓶。历时36min经ProMinent添加泵添加1,1,1-三氟-丁-3-烯-2-酮。在添加过程中的温度不超过5℃。搅拌在<5℃持续30 min。使反应混合物回温至约25℃并搅拌另外5小时(h)。停止搅拌,使反应在25℃在氮气下保持2天(d)。将1,1,1-三氟-6-甲基硫代-5-(吡咯烷-1-基亚甲基)庚-3-烯-2-酮产物/甲苯溶液从反应器排出,反应器用甲苯(3 x 50 mL)冲洗并添加到排出的反应器内容物中。1,1,1-三氟-6-甲基硫代-5-(吡咯烷-1-基亚甲基)庚-3-烯-2-酮产物/甲苯溶液(251.06g)通过1H-NMR波谱法使用哌嗪作为内标和90秒(sec)的脉冲延迟分析,其表明从烯胺制得1,1,1-三氟-6-甲基硫代-5-(吡咯烷-1-基亚甲基)庚-3-烯-2-酮产物的收率为79%。
实施例2:制备5-(1-(甲基硫代)乙基)-2-(三氟甲基)吡啶
A)向装备有磁力搅拌器、与回流冷凝器的Claisen顶部接头和排放至水洗涤器的氮气油鼓泡器、和其中插入K-热电偶和用于输送氨的Teflon装载线的隔膜的500-mL圆底烧瓶中添加1,1,1-三氟-6-甲基硫代-5-(吡咯烷-1-基亚甲基)庚-3-烯-2-酮在甲苯中的溶液(285.82g,0.373摩尔二烯胺)和冰醋酸(33.73g,0.562摩尔,1.51 equiv)。使溶液在冰浴中在搅拌下冷却至<5℃。将无水氨(9.53g,0.560摩尔,1.50 equiv)通过Teflon装载线(表面下)装入反应器内容物。在第一次12min的添加过程中,反应温度从0.8℃上升至6.9℃,并形成稠密的淤浆。暂停添加,添加甲苯(50mL)。恢复添加,但是在18min后再次暂停,因为再次存在稠密淤浆。内部温度为11.3℃。添加另外的甲苯(20mL)。恢复添加氨并在6min内完成。总添加时间为36min,最终温度为5.0℃。移开冰浴,安装加热套。将深色淤浆加热至约85℃并搅拌1h。在加热过程中,固体溶解。关掉加热套,使反应混合物冷却至室温。使搅拌持续整个周末。水洗涤器的pH为约7。粗反应混合物(385.06g)转移至玻璃样品瓶。一部分样品通过GC使用邻苯二甲酸二丁酯作为内标分析,分析表明18.6wt%的5-(1-(甲基硫代)-乙基)-2-(三氟甲基)吡啶,收率为87%。基于归一化的面积%,GC分析表明17%的1,1,1-三氟-4-(吡咯烷-1-基)丁-3-烯-2-酮杂质(由起始1,1,1-三氟-6-甲基硫代-5-(吡咯烷-1-基亚甲基)庚-3-烯-2-酮在甲苯中的溶液得到)和83%的5-(1-(甲基硫代)乙基)-2-(三氟甲基)吡啶。
B)500mL圆底烧瓶装备有Claisen顶部接头,与该接头处附接水冷却的回流冷凝器与排放至水洗涤器的氮气油鼓泡器。其余的颈装备有其中插入K-热电偶和用于输送氨的Teflon装载线的隔膜。搅拌使用磁力搅拌器和搅拌棒完成。向500mL反应器添加1,1,1-三氟-6-甲基硫代-5-(吡咯烷-1-基亚甲基)庚-3-烯-2-酮/甲苯溶液(219.8g,0.208摩尔二烯胺)和冰醋酸(18.74g,0.312摩尔,1.5 equiv)。使搅拌的溶液在冰浴中冷却至<5℃。历时14min将无水氨(5.30g,0.312摩尔,1.5equiv)喷进反应混合物,在该时间达到14.7℃的最大温度。形成稠密但可搅拌的淤浆。移开冰浴,用加热套在回流温度(>85℃)加热反应混合物。在86至89℃的温度继续搅拌1h。停止加热,使反应混合物冷却至室温并搅拌过夜。反应混合物(238.71g)转移至玻璃样品瓶。样品通过GC使用邻苯二甲酸二丁酯作为内标分析,该分析表明17wt%的5-(1-(甲基硫代)乙基)-2-(三氟甲基)吡啶,罐内收率为88%。
C)粗制1,1,1-三氟-6-甲基硫代-5-(吡咯烷-1-基亚甲基)庚-3-烯-2-酮/甲苯溶液(114.59g,0.150摩尔二烯胺)和另外的甲苯(50mL)在按照以上过程2A描述所装备的500mL圆底烧瓶混合。使搅拌的溶液在冰浴中冷却至<5℃。历时8min将无水氨(5.09g,0.299摩尔,2.0 equiv)通过Teflon装载线(表面下)添加到搅拌的反应混合物。起始温度为0.5℃,添加结束时的温度为0.3℃。移开冰浴,使反应混合物历时30min回温至室温。将反应混合物在约84℃加热并搅拌1h。在加热过程中,在约30℃发生显著的排气。使反应混合物冷却至室温并搅拌整个周末。水洗涤器的pH为约10,表示氨从反应混合物损失。粗反应混合物(156.56g)转移至玻璃样品瓶。一部分样品通过GC使用邻苯二甲酸二丁酯作为内标分析,结果是13.5wt%的5-(1-(甲基硫代)乙基)-2-(三氟甲基)吡啶,收率为64%。基于归一化的面积%,GC分析表明24%的1,1,1-三氟-4-(吡咯烷-1-基)丁-3-烯-2-酮杂质和76%的5-(1-(甲基硫代)乙基)-2-(三氟甲基)吡啶。
D)500mL圆底烧瓶装备有Claisen顶部接头,与该接头处附接干冰/丙酮回流冷凝器与排放至水洗涤器的氮气油鼓泡器。其余的颈装备有其中插入K-热电偶和用于输送氨的Teflon装载线的隔膜。搅拌使用磁力搅拌器和搅拌棒完成。向500mL反应器添加1,1,1-三氟-6-甲基硫代-5-(吡咯烷-1-基亚甲基)庚-3-烯-2-酮(149.0g,0.141摩尔二烯胺)在甲苯中的溶液,使搅拌的溶液在冰浴中冷却至<5℃。历时13min将无水氨(4.79g,0.282摩尔,2.0equiv)喷进反应混合物。观察到5.2℃的最大温度。反应混合物在添加过程中逐渐形成为绿色。移开冰浴,将反应混合物加热回流(45至50℃)。由于冷的液体氨从干冰/丙酮冷凝器返回,较高的回流温度可能无法达到。继续搅拌1小时,然后停止加热,使反应混合物冷却至室温并搅拌过夜。将反应混合物(151.21g)转移至玻璃样品瓶。样品通过GC使用邻苯二甲酸二丁酯作为内标分析,分析表明14.8wt%的5-(1-(甲基硫代)乙基)-2-(三氟甲基)吡啶,罐内收率为72%。
E)将1,1,1-三氟-6-甲基硫代-5-(吡咯烷-1-基亚甲基)庚-3-烯-2-酮/甲苯溶液(50.05g,0.0474摩尔二烯胺)转入100mL不锈钢Parr反应器。将系统密封,测试压力并用氮气吹洗,将搅拌速率设定至250转每分钟(rpm)。将无水氨(1.61g,0.0947摩尔,2.0 equiv)装入Parr反应器。初始温度为23℃并增加至27℃。压力从0磅每平方英寸表压(psig;约101千帕(kPa))增加至73psig(约605 kPa),然后在添加完成之后降低至40 psig(约376 kPa)。氨机筒用(200 psig(约1480 kPa))加压,将机筒内容物排放至Parr反应器。最终反应器压力为84 psig(约681 kPa)。将反应器设定在65℃的初始温度设定点(SP)。下表总结了剩余的试验时间数据。
时间 | 压力(psig) | 温度(℃) | 注释 |
10:15 | 84(~681 kPa) | 26 |
10:20 | 94(~749 kPa) | 54 | |
10:23 | 106(~832 kPa) | 65 | Temp SP至75℃ |
10:25 | 118(~915 kPa) | 75 | Temp SP至80℃ |
10:27 | 129(~991 kPa) | 83 | |
10:30 | 137(~1046 kPa) | 86 | |
10:45 | 131(~1005 kPa) | 78 | Temp SP至85℃ |
11:00 | 153(~1156 kPa) | 89 | |
11:20 | 150(~1136 kPa) | 86 | |
11:35 | 148(~1122 kPa) | 85 | 关掉加热器 |
使反应器内容物冷却约2h,该时间的内部温度为26℃。使反应器排向醋酸水溶液洗涤器。然后用氮气将反应器加压至80 psig(约653 kPa),并排放至醋酸水溶液洗涤器五次。打开反应器,将粗反应混合物(49.40g)转移至玻璃样品瓶。将一部分样品通过GC使用邻苯二甲酸二丁酯作为内标分析。分析给出:21wt%的5-(1-(甲基硫代)乙基)-2-(三氟甲基)-吡啶,收率为80%。
Claims (6)
1.制备2-三氟甲基-5-(1-取代的)-烷基吡啶(I)的方法,
其中
R1和R2独立地表示H,或C1-C4烷基,
R3表示C1-C4烷基,和
X表示CH2,O或S,
其中:
i)式(II)的4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁-3-烯-2-酮与烯胺(III)缩合得到式(IV)的中间体,
其中R表示C1-C4烷基
其中
R1,R2,R3和X如之前限定,和
R4和R5独立地表示C1-C8烷基,或者R4和R5与N共同表示5-元或6-元饱和或不饱和环,
其中
R1,R2,R3,R4,R5和X如之前限定,和
ii)式(IV)的中间体在氨或能够产生氨的试剂存在下环化,
改进包括在非极性溶剂中进行两个步骤,而无需分离或纯化缩合中间体IV;所述非极性溶剂选自烃和芳族烃溶剂。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中R1和R2独立地表示H或甲基,R3表示甲基,X表示S。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中式(II)的分子与烯胺(III)在-20℃至35℃的温度缩合。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中式(II)的分子与烯胺(III)在-5℃至20℃的温度缩合。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述非极性溶剂是甲苯。
6.根据权利要求2、3、或4的方法,其中所述非极性溶剂是甲苯。
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