CN103813853A - 经促进的固体磷酸催化剂和使用方法 - Google Patents

经促进的固体磷酸催化剂和使用方法 Download PDF

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CN103813853A
CN103813853A CN201280046045.1A CN201280046045A CN103813853A CN 103813853 A CN103813853 A CN 103813853A CN 201280046045 A CN201280046045 A CN 201280046045A CN 103813853 A CN103813853 A CN 103813853A
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W·特伯维尔
G·科因塔
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Abstract

本发明涉及固体磷酸(SPA)催化剂、制备所述催化剂的方法和使用所述催化剂转化烃的方法,如丙烯的低聚。在示例性实施方案中,所述催化剂包括磷酸、硅藻土和铌酸的经煅烧压出物。将烃转化成烯烃的方法包括在烃转化条件下使烃进料与所述催化剂接触。

Description

经促进的固体磷酸催化剂和使用方法
发明领域
一般而言,本发明涉及可用于转化烃,例如丙烯低聚的固体磷酸(SPA)催化剂。在具体实施方案中,本发明涉及磷酸、硅藻土和促进剂的经煅烧的挤出物。本发明进一步涉及将烃转化成烯烃的方法,包括使烃进料与所述经促进的SPA催化剂接触。
发明背景
固体磷酸(SPA)催化剂以其在各种烃转化方法,如芳族化合物烷基化和烯烃聚合中的可用性而为人所知。然而,存在许多与SPA催化剂应用有关的问题。由于与失活或压力累积或者在整个运行期间催化剂失活所导致的短运行有关的问题,典型的市售SPA催化剂在商业低聚方法中不能持续很长时间。这些问题导致温度升高并降低流速,而这些是维持转化所必需的。较高的温度又导致不希望的副产物和提高的催化剂结焦速率,且较慢的流速导致较低的总生产率。
一直非常需要可在较低温度和较高流速下运行较长时间,从而在将烃到较大烯烃的转化过程中导致较高转化率水平、较低失活速率和总体上较高效率的催化剂。
发明简述
本发明的目的是提供用于烃转化方法和其他使用酸催化剂的方法中的固体磷酸(SPA)催化剂,与现有的市售SPA催化剂相比,其具有较高的活性和改进的稳定性。
本发明的实施方案提供了一种固体磷酸催化剂,其包含磷源、硅源和促进剂的经煅烧的挤出物。在示例性实施方案中,所述磷源包括磷酸,所述硅源包括硅藻土,所述促进剂包括铌酸。
本发明的目的还在于提供使用具有前段所述特征的催化剂转化烃的方法。在一个实施方案中,所述方法包括在烃转化条件下提供烃进料,并使所述进料与所述催化剂接触。一个具体实施方案可包括使芳族烃烷基化或使烯烃(如丙烯或丁烯)低聚。
附图简介
图1:多种本发明的铌促进的SPA催化剂与多种未由铌酸促进的市售催化剂材料之间的丙烯低聚性能对比。
图2:一种本发明的铌促进的SPA催化剂与一种未由铌酸促进的市售催化剂材料之间的丙烯低聚性能的对比。
图3:使用本发明的铌促进的SPA催化剂和未由铌酸促进的催化剂材料在丙烯低聚后的测试反应器中发生的压降对比。
发明详述
申请人发现当用于烃转化方法,例如将丙烯转化成较大烯烃时,在固体磷酸(SPA)催化剂的制备中添加促进剂,例如氧化铌水合物导致该催化剂显示出与现有市售催化剂相比令人惊讶的改善。特别地,与未由例如铌酸促进的催化剂材料相比,本发明的催化剂在丙烯低聚中显示出显著高的转化率水平、快速活化时间和低失活速率。本发明的催化剂可用于例如如下方法中:烯烃低聚成聚合汽油或更高级的烯烃、用烯烃烷基化芳族化合物以获得烷基芳族化合物和其他类型的烃转化方法。
本发明提供了一种催化剂,其包含磷源、硅源和促进剂。所述磷源可包括任何本领域已知用于SPA催化剂中的磷酸、通过水解形成磷酸的化合物或其任何混合物。示例性磷源包括正磷酸H3PO4、焦磷酸H2P2O7或其任何混合物。正如本领域所已知的那样,所述磷酸可进一步与水组合。在本发明中,所述磷酸具有约100-约120%的优选浓度。
所述硅源可为本领域所公知的用于SPA催化剂中的任何硅质材料或含SiO2的材料。所述硅源可包括天然或人造多孔硅质材料。示例性硅源包括但不限于硅藻土(diamaceous earth)、滴虫土(infusorialearth)、纤毛虫土(ciliate earth)、硅藻土(kieselguhr)、高岭土、漂白土、人造多孔二氧化硅或其任何混合物。硅藻土(diamaceous earth)也称为硅藻土(kieselguhr或guhr),是主要由二氧化硅构成的天然矿物产品。根据本发明的具体方面,在将所述混合物成型为成型体(例如在挤压后)并将所成型的成型体煅烧(例如煅烧所述压出物)之后,所述催化剂包含正磷酸硅和任选的焦磷酸硅,且具有至少约5:1的正磷酸硅与焦磷酸硅的积分XRD反射强度之比。
在本发明的示例性实施方案中,所述促进剂包括固体铌酸Nb2O5·xH2O。在其他实施方案中,所述促进剂包括铌、钛、锆、钨、钒、铬、钼、铝、硼或其任何混合物。可将其他成分(包括但不限于其他改性剂、粘合剂、接合剂或有机材料)添加至所述催化剂混合物中;例如可添加在煅烧期间产生气体的物质,如美国专利7,557,060中所述的那些,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
本发明的制备SPA催化剂的方法包括如下步骤:将磷源、硅源和促进剂混合;将所述混合物成型为成型体;和对所成型的成型体进行煅烧。
尽管本发明的SPA催化剂可以以各种形式(如压出物、丸粒、片剂和球体)通过各种方法(如挤压、造粒或制丸法(marumarizing))生产,但优选的形式为压出物。挤压允许以各种形状生产所述催化剂,且据信如果所述催化剂组合物呈压出物形式,则更易于控制重要的性能。挤压通常还为制备成型催化剂颗粒的有效且廉价的方法。因此,在示例性实施方案中,本发明的方法包括如下步骤:将磷源、硅源和促进剂混合;挤压所述混合物以形成压出物;和煅烧所述压出物。
一个实施方案提供了一种方法,其包括如下步骤:将所述磷源、硅源和促进剂在约10℃-约250℃的温度下混合,其中所述磷源和硅源以约2:1-约4:1,优选约3:1的比例存在于所述混合物中。在示例性实施方案中,用于制备所述催化剂的材料包含(或者基本上由其构成)浓度为约113%的磷酸、硅藻土(即guhr)和水合铌酸Nb2O5·xH2O。
根据本发明,将所述促进剂以基于硅源(例如硅藻土)为约1-约20%w/w的浓度添加至起始混合物中。其他实施方案包括以基于硅源为约2-约15%w/w,基于硅源为约3-约12%w/w,或者基于硅源为约5-约10%w/w的浓度添加所述促进剂。在具体实施方案中,所述促进剂以基于硅源为约1%、约2.5%w/w、约5%w/w、约7.5%w/w、约10%w/w、约12.5%w/w、约15%w/w、约17.5%w/w或约20%w/w的浓度添加。或者,所述促进剂可以以基于硅源为大于约20%w/w的浓度,例如基于硅源为约25%w/w、约30%w/w或约35%w/w的浓度添加至起始混合物中;然而,正如本领域技术人员所知晓的那样,基于硅源为大于约20%w/w的促进剂浓度对商业生产而言往往构成成本制约。在示例性实施方案中,所述促进剂以基于硅藻土为约10%w/w的浓度添加至所述混合物,从而使得所述混合物包含比例为约3/0.9/0.1的磷酸/硅藻土/水合铌酸。优选将所述混合物挤压以形成压出物,且可在挤压之前、挤压之后或同时在挤压之前和之后进行煅烧。在示例性实施方案中,在挤压后将所述压出物在约200℃-约500℃,优选约300℃-约350℃的温度下煅烧。在具体实施方案中,所述方法主要得到正硅酸硅(silicon orthosilicate),和通常为约25%P2O5的游离酸度。
磷酸铌在高得多的温度(>800℃)下才结晶,且在这些条件下磷酸铌通常是无定形的。不希望被理论所束缚,据信所述铌酸促进剂可能不完全与磷酸反应而仍部分呈通常为无定形的铌酸形式。任何反应的铌据信呈无定形磷酸铌形式。因此,根据一些实施方案,所述催化剂包含无定形铌酸、无定形磷酸铌、正硅酸硅和包括P2O5的游离酸度。
本发明的其他实施方案提供了一种转化烃的方法,其包括在烃转化条件下提供烃进料,并使所述进料与上文所述的本发明催化剂接触。在具体实施方案中,所述转化烃的方法包括芳族烃的烷基化或烯烃如丙烯的低聚。正如本领域所已知的那样,所述烃进料可包含水。
发现与市售的现有技术催化剂相比,本发明的Nb促进的SPA催化剂具有优异的性能,特别是就丙烯转化成较大烯烃的转化率水平而言。令人惊讶地,与参比催化剂相比,本发明的Nb促进的SPA催化剂的活化要快得多(在约2小时后接近正常转化,而非所预期的通常所需的14-17小时),且还具有比现有市售催化剂更高的转化率水平和显著更低的失活速率,如下文所述且如图1所示。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的催化剂在如下条件下制备:有效地使得该催化剂表现出比参比催化剂(即,不含铌促进剂的催化剂)快得多的活化时间(即,从所述烃进料与催化剂接触时起至正常烃转化开始进行测量),特别是在下表1所述的“测试条件1”下的丙烯低聚中。例如,如图1和下表2所示,所述催化剂在有效使得该催化剂表现出少于约14小时,优选少于约10小时,最优选少于约5小时的活化时间的条件下制备。在示例性实施方案中,所述催化剂在有效使得该催化剂表现出约0.5-约5小时,优选约1-约3小时,最优选约2小时的活化时间的条件下制备。在其他实施方案中,本发明的催化剂在有效使得该催化剂表现出在约60-约120小时的反应时间后为至少约92%,在约100-约180小时的反应时间后为至少约90%,或者在约170-约220小时的反应时间后为至少约86%转化率的烃进料(例如丙烯)转化成较大烯烃的转化率(特别是在表1所述的“测试条件1”下)的条件下制备。在“测试条件1”下的本发明的其他活化时间和转化率提供在表2和图1中。
提供下述实施例以更详细地描述本发明,其旨在说明而非限制本发明。
实施例
实施例1
制备六种催化剂(三种本发明的Nb-SPA催化剂和三种市售参比催化剂)并在标准丙烯低聚性能测试中进行测试。
(1)实验室制备的10%Nb-SPA1将浓度为113%的106.8g磷酸样品加热至45℃。向其中添加37.5g硅藻土和4.1g铌酸。使用高速机械混合器将所述硅藻土和酸混合数分钟。在混合后,使用液压机将所述“生”混合物挤压。将压出物在空气中于320℃下煅烧25分钟。
(2)实验室制备的10%Nb-SPA2将浓度为113%的102.3g磷酸样品加热至45℃。向其中添加35.9g硅藻土、4.0g铌酸和1.2g玉米粉。使用高速机械混合器将所述硅藻土和酸混合数分钟。在混合后,使用液压机将所述“生”混合物挤压。将压出物在空气中于320℃下煅烧25分钟。
(3)实验室制备的5%Nb-SPA2将浓度为113%的108.0g磷酸样品加热至45℃。向其中添加40.0g硅藻土、2.1g铌酸和1.3g玉米粉。使用高速机械混合器将所述硅藻土和酸混合数分钟。在混合后,使用液压机将所述“生”混合物挤压。将压出物在空气中于320℃下煅烧25分钟。
还在丙烯低聚性能测试中测试了三种参比市售产品:市售SPA催化剂A、市售SPA催化剂B和市售SPA催化剂C。市售SPA催化剂C为先前性能最稳定的现有技术催化剂。
在下表1所述的“测试条件1”下在标准丙烯低聚性能测试中测试上文所述的六种催化剂。
表1
条件 测试条件1 测试条件2
液体小时空速,hr-1 2.8 2.8
温度,℃ 215 180
压力,巴 65 65
进料组成 45/55丙烷/丙烯 50/50丙烷/丙烯
水合水平,ppm 510 1025
性能测试的结果提供在图1以及下表2和3中,其提供了相对于反应时间(小时)的丙烯转化率(%)。就丙烯转化成较大烯烃的转化率水平和失活速率而言,根据本发明制备的铌促进的SPA催化剂,即实验室制备的10%Nb-SPA1、实验室制备的10%Nb-SPA2和实验室制备的5%Nb-SPA2表现出比所有参比催化剂更优异的性能。可从性能数据看出,10%Nb促进的SPA催化剂具有比参比催化剂快得多的活化,其在约2小时后接近于正常转化,而非所预期的通常所需的14-17小时。所述Nb促进的SPA催化剂还具有比代表现有技术的任何所述市售SPA催化剂更高的转化率水平。此外,观察到所述Nb促进的催化剂的失活速率显著低于所述市售催化剂。作为对比,先前性能最为稳定的现有技术催化剂(即市售SPA催化剂C)具有大致为所述Nb促进的催化剂两倍的失活速率。
各催化剂的相对物理稳定性通过测定在结束活性测试后穿过实验室测试反应器的压降而评估。该压降表征了在测试期间由于积碳、压出物溶胀和/或压出物解体成较细颗粒而产生的堵塞物的量。图3汇总了所述催化剂的相对压降。所述Nb促进的催化剂在反应期间不导致由于结焦、溶胀或解体而造成的高压降。
表2:在“测试条件1”下的丙烯转化测试结果
Figure BDA0000480042810000081
Figure BDA0000480042810000091
Figure BDA0000480042810000111
Figure BDA0000480042810000121
Figure BDA0000480042810000131
表3:在“测试条件1”下的丙烯转化测试结果
(hr) 市售SPA催化A (hr) 市售SPA催化B (hr) 市售SPA催化B
3.0 76.9% 3.0 83.8% 3.2 88.4%
4.0 81.0% 17.0 88.2% 17.2 90.9%
5.0 83.1% 18.0 88.3% 18.2 91.0%
6.0 84.4% 19.0 88.4% 19.2 91.0%
7.0 85.5% 20.0 88.6% 20.2 91.1%
8.0 86.3% 21.0 88.8% 21.2 91.2%
9.0 86.9% 22.0 88.8% 22.2 91.3%
10.0 87.4% 23.0 88.8% 23.2 91.3%
11.0 87.9% 24.0 88.9% 24.2 91.4%
14.0 88.7% 25.0 88.9% 25.2 91.4%
15.0 88.8% 26.0 89.0% 26.2 91.5%
16.0 88.9% 27.0 89.0% 27.2 91.4%
17.0 89.0% 28.0 88.9% 28.2 91.3%
18.0 89.0% 29.0 88.9% 29.2 91.2%
19.0 88.9% 30.0 88.9% 30.2 91.1%
20.0 88.9% 31.0 88.8% 31.2 91.2%
21.0 88.8% 34.0 88.8% 34.2 91.2%
22.0 88.8% 35.0 88.8% 35.2 91.2%
23.0 88.8% 38.0 88.6% 36.2 91.2%
24.0 88.9% 39.0 88.6% 37.2 91.1%
25.0 89.0% 40.0 88.5% 38.2 91.1%
26.0 89.0% 41.0 88.5% 39.2 91.1%
27.0 89.0% 42.0 88.4% 40.2 91.1%
28.0 89.1% 43.0 88.4% 41.2 91.1%
29.0 89.0% 44.0 88.4% 42.2 91.1%
30.0 88.9% 45.0 88.3% 43.2 91.1%
31.0 88.8% 46.0 88.2% 44.2 91.1%
32.0 88.5% 47.0 88.2% 45.2 91.2%
33.0 88.6% 48.0 88.1% 46.2 91.2%
34.0 88.4% 49.0 88.0% 47.2 91.2%
35.0 88.3% 50.0 87.9% 48.2 91.2%
38.0 88.2% 51.0 87.9% 49.2 91.1%
39.0 88.1% 52.0 87.8% 50.2 91.0%
40.0 88.1% 53.0 87.8% 51.2 90.9%
41.0 88.0% 54.0 87.7% 52.2 90.8%
42.0 88.0% 55.0 87.7% 53.2 90.8%
43.0 87.9% 58.0 87.5% 54.2 90.7%
44.0 87.8% 59.0 87.4% 55.2 90.7%
45.0 87.8% 62.0 87.3% 58.2 90.6%
46.0 87.7% 63.0 87.2% 59.2 90.5%
47.0 87.7% 64.0 87.2% 60.2 90.5%
48.0 87.5% 65.0 87.1% 61.2 90.4%
49.0 87.7% 66.0 87.1% 62.2 90.4%
50.0 87.7% 67.0 87.1% 63.2 90.3%
51.0 87.6% 68.0 87.0% 64.2 90.3%
52.0 87.6% 69.0 87.0% 65.2 90.2%
53.0 87.6% 70.0 86.9% 66.2 90.2%
54.0 87.5% 71.0 86.9% 67.2 90.2%
55.0 87.4% 72.0 86.8% 68.2 90.2%
56.0 87.3% 73.0 86.7% 69.2 90.2%
57.0 87.2% 74.0 86.5% 70.2 90.1%
58.0 87.2% 75.0 86.4% 71.2 90.1%
59.0 87.1% 76.0 86.3% 72.2 90.0%
62.0 87.0% 77.0 86.2% 73.2 89.9%
63.0 86.9% 78.0 86.2% 74.2 89.7%
64.0 86.8% 79.0 86.2% 75.2 89.5%
65.0 86.7% 82.0 86.0% 76.2 89.4%
66.0 86.7% 83.0 85.9% 77.2 89.1%
67.0 86.6% 86.0 85.7% 78.2 89.2%
68.0 86.5% 87.0 85.7% 79.2 89.2%
69.0 86.4% 88.0 85.6% 82.2 88.9%
70.0 86.5% 89.0 85.5% 83.2 88.9%
71.0 86.4% 90.0 85.5% 84.2 88.7%
72.0 86.4% 91.0 85.4% 85.2 88.7%
73.0 86.3% 92.0 85.4% 86.2 88.7%
74.0 86.3% 93.0 85.3% 87.2 88.6%
75.0 86.3% 94.0 85.3% 88.2 88.6%
76.0 86.2% 95.0 85.2% 89.2 88.5%
77.0 86.2% 96.0 85.2% 90.2 88.5%
78.0 86.2% 97.0 85.2% 91.2 88.5%
79.0 86.1% 98.0 85.2% 92.2 88.4%
80.0 86.0% 99.0 85.1% 93.2 88.4%
81.0 86.0% 100.0 85.0% 94.2 88.4%
82.0 85.9% 101.0 85.0% 95.2 88.3%
83.0 85.8% 102.0 84.9% 96.2 88.3%
86.0 85.6% 103.0 84.8% 97.2 88.3%
87.0 85.5% 105.0 84.7% 98.2 88.2%
88.0 85.4% 106.0 84.7% 99.2 88.1%
89.0 85.4% 107.0 84.6% 100.2 88.1%
90.0 85.4% 108.0 84.6% 101.2 88.0%
91.0 85.3% 110.0 84.5% 102.2 88.1%
92.0 85.3% 111.0 84.4% 103.2 88.2%
93.0 85.3% 112.0 84.4% 106.2 88.0%
94.0 85.3% 113.0 84.5% 107.2 87.8%
95.0 85.4% 114.0 84.4% 108.2 87.8%
96.0 85.4% 115.0 84.4% 109.2 87.9%
97.0 85.4% 116.0 84.3% 110.2 88.0%
98.0 85.4% 117.0 84.3% 111.2 88.0%
99.0 85.4% 118.0 84.2% 112.2 88.0%
100.0 85.5% 119.0 84.2% 113.2 88.0%
101.0 85.4% 120.0 84.1% 114.2 87.9%
102.0 85.3% 121.0 83.9% 115.2 87.9%
103.0 85.2% 122.0 83.9% 116.2 87.9%
104.0 85.2% 123.0 83.8% 117.2 87.8%
105.0 85.2% 124.0 83.7% 118.2 87.8%
106.0 85.1% 125.0 83.7% 119.2 87.8%
107.0 85.1% 126.0 83.6% 120.2 87.7%
110.0 85.1% 127.0 83.5% 121.2 87.5%
111.0 85.1% 130.0 83.3% 122.2 87.5%
112.0 85.1% 131.0 83.3% 123.2 87.4%
113.0 85.1% 134.0 83.1% 124.2 87.3%
114.0 85.0% 135.0 83.0% 125.2 87.3%
115.0 85.0% 136.0 82.9% 126.2 87.2%
116.0 85.0% 137.0 82.9% 127.2 87.2%
117.0 85.0% 138.0 82.8% 130.2 87.1%
118.0 84.9% 139.0 82.8% 131.2 87.0%
119.0 84.9% 140.0 82.7% 132.2 87.0%
120.0 84.9% 141.0 82.7% 133.2 87.0%
121.0 84.9% 142.0 82.6% 134.2 86.9%
122.0 84.9% 143.0 82.7% 135.2 86.9%
123.0 84.9% 144.0 82.6% 136.2 86.8%
124.0 84.9% 145.0 82.6% 137.2 86.8%
125.0 84.9% 146.0 82.6% 138.2 86.7%
126.0 84.8% 147.0 82.5% 139.2 86.7%
127.0 84.8% 148.0 82.4% 140.2 86.7%
128.0 84.8% 149.0 82.3% 141.2 86.7%
129.0 84.9% 150.0 82.1% 142.2 86.6%
130.0 84.9% 151.0 82.0% 143.2 86.5%
131.0 84.9% 153.0 81.9% 144.2 86.5%
134.0 84.8% 154.0 81.8% 145.2 86.5%
135.0 84.7% 155.0 81.8% 146.2 86.4%
136.0 84.7% 156.0 81.7% 147.2 86.3%
137.0 84.7% 158.0 81.5% 148.2 86.1%
138.0 84.7% 159.0 81.5% 149.2 85.9%
139.0 84.6% 160.0 81.4% 150.2 85.9%
140.0 84.6% 161.0 81.4% 151.2 85.9%
141.0 84.6% 162.0 81.3% 154.2 85.7%
142.0 84.6% 163.0 81.3% 155.2 85.6%
143.0 84.6% 164.0 81.3% 156.2 85.6%
144.0 84.6% 165.0 81.2% 157.2 85.5%
145.0 84.5% 166.0 81.1% 158.2 85.5%
146.0 84.6% 167.0 81.1% 159.2 85.4%
147.0 84.5% 168.0 81.1% 160.2 85.4%
148.0 84.5% 169.0 81.0% 161.2 85.3%
149.0 84.5% 170.0 80.9% 162.2 85.2%
150.0 84.4% 171.0 80.8% 163.2 85.2%
151.0 84.3% 172.0 80.7% 164.2 85.2%
152.0 84.3% 173.0 80.6% 165.2 85.2%
153.0 84.3% 174.0 80.5% 166.2 85.1%
154.0 84.2% 175.0 80.3% 167.2 85.1%
155.0 84.2% 178.0 80.2% 168.2 85.0%
158.0 84.3% 179.0 80.1% 169.2 85.0%
159.0 84.3% 182.0 79.8% 170.2 84.8%
160.0 84.3% 183.0 79.7% 171.2 84.7%
161.0 84.2% 184.0 79.5% 172.2 84.7%
162.0 84.2% 185.0 79.4% 173.2 84.6%
163.0 84.2% 186.0 79.4% 174.2 84.6%
164.0 84.2% 187.0 79.3% 175.2 84.5%
165.0 84.1% 188.0 79.2% 178.2 84.4%
166.0 84.0% 189.0 79.1% 179.2 84.4%
167.0 83.9% 190.0 79.1% 180.2 84.3%
168.0 83.8% 191.0 79.1% 181.2 84.2%
169.0 83.9% 192.0 79.0% 182.2 84.1%
170.0 83.9% 193.0 78.9% 183.2 84.0%
171.0 83.8% 195.0 78.7% 184.2 84.0%
172.0 83.8% 196.0 78.7% 185.2 83.9%
173.0 83.8% 197.0 78.6% 186.2 83.8%
174.0 83.7% 198.0 78.4% 187.2 83.9%
175.0 83.6% 199.0 78.3% 188.2 83.9%
176.0 83.5% 202.0 78.0% 189.2 83.9%
177.0 83.3% 203.0 77.9% 190.2 83.9%
178.0 83.4% 206.0 77.6% 191.2 83.8%
179.0 83.2% 207.0 77.5% 192.2 83.7%
182.0 83.1% 208.0 77.4% 193.2 83.7%
183.0 83.0% 209.0 77.3% 195.2 83.5%
184.0 82.9% 210.0 77.3% 196.2 83.4%
185.0 82.9% 211.0 77.2% 197.2 83.4%
186.0 82.9% 212.0 77.1% 198.2 83.4%
187.0 82.8% 213.0 77.0% 199.2 83.3%
188.0 82.8% 214.0 77.0% 202.2 83.2%
189.0 82.9% 215.0 76.9% 203.2 83.2%
190.0 82.8% 216.0 76.8% 204.2 83.1%
191.0 82.7% 205.2 83.0%
192.0 82.7% 206.2 83.0%
193.0 82.8% 207.2 82.9%
195.0 82.7% 209.2 82.9%
196.0 82.7% 210.2 82.8%
197.0 82.6% 210.2 82.7%
198.0 82.6% 212.2 82.7%
199.0 82.5% 213.2 82.6%
200.0 82.4% 214.2 82.6%
201.0 82.2% 215.4 82.6%
202.0 82.0% 216.2 82.6%
203.0 81.9%
206.0 81.8%
207.0 81.7%
208.0 81.7%
209.0 81.6%
210.0 81.5%
211.0 81.5%
212.0 81.4%
213.0 81.5%
214.0 81.2%
215.0 81.5%
216.0 81.5%
实施例2
在上表1所述的“测试条件2”下在标准丙烯低聚性能测试中对“实验室制备的10% Nb-SPA 2”(上文所述的样品(2))和“市售SPA催化剂A”进行测试。结果提供在图2和下表4中。
表4:在“测试条件2”下的丙烯转化测试结果
(hr) 市售SPA催化剂A (hr) 实验室制备的10% Nb-SPA 2
3.0 60.6% 3.2 66.6%
4.0 62.8% 4.2 69.2%
5.0 64.5% 5.2 72.0%
6.0 65.6% 6.2 74.4%
7.0 66.8% 7.2 76.1%
8.0 67.8% 8.2 77.3%
12.0 70.0% 12.2 79.6%
13.0 70.4% 13.2 79.9%
14.0 70.7% 14.2 80.1%
15.0 70.9% 15.2 80.3%
16.0 71.2% 16.2 80.4%
17.0 71.6% 17.2 80.6%
18.0 71.6% 18.2 80.8%
19.0 72.1% 19.2 81.1%
20.0 72.4% 20.2 81.3%
21.0 72.7% 21.2 81.5%
22.0 72.7% 22.2 81.7%
23.0 73.0% 23.2 81.8%
24.0 72.9% 24.2 81.8%
25.0 73.0% 25.2 81.9%
26.0 73.1% 26.2 82.0%
27.0 73.4% 27.2 82.1%
28.0 73.3% 28.2 82.1%
29.0 73.4% 29.2 82.1%
30.0 73.5% 30.2 82.1%
31.0 73.6% 31.2 82.1%
32.0 73.6% 32.2 82.2%
35.0 73.8% 35.2 82.3%
36.0 73.9% 36.2 82.3%
37.0 73.9% 37.2 82.3%
38.0 74.0% 38.2 82.4%
39.0 74.0% 39.2 82.4%
40.0 74.1% 40.2 82.4%
41.0 74.1% 41.2 82.5%
42.0 74.2% 42.2 82.5%
43.0 74.2% 43.2 82.6%
44.0 74.3% 44.2 82.6%
45.0 74.3% 45.2 82.6%
46.0 74.4% 46.2 82.6%
47.0 74.5% 47.2 82.6%
48.0 74.5% 48.2 82.6%
49.0 74.5% 49.2 82.6%
50.0 74.4% 50.2 82.6%
51.0 74.5% 51.2 82.7%
52.0 74.6% 52.2 82.7%
53.0 74.7% 53.2 82.7%
54.0 74.6% 54.2 82.7%
55.0 74.7% 55.2 82.7%
56.0 74.7% 56.2 82.8%
59.0 74.8% 59.2 82.8%
60.0 74.8% 60.2 82.8%
61.0 74.8% 61.2 82.8%
62.0 74.9% 62.2 82.9%
63.0 74.8% 63.2 82.8%
64.0 74.8% 64.2 82.8%
65.0 74.9% 65.2 82.8%
66.0 74.9% 66.2 82.9%
67.0 75.0% 67.2 82.9%
68.0 75.0% 68.2 82.9%
69.0 75.0% 69.2 83.1%
70.0 75.0% 70.2 83.0%
71.0 75.0% 71.2 83.0%
72.0 75.1% 72.2 83.0%
73.0 75.1% 73.2 83.0%
74.0 75.1% 74.2 83.0%
75.0 75.0% 75.2 83.0%
76.0 75.1% 76.2 82.9%
77.0 75.1% 77.2 82.9%
78.0 75.1% 78.2 83.0%
79.0 75.1% 79.2 83.0%
80.0 75.1% 80.2 82.9%
83.0 75.2% 83.2 83.0%
84.0 75.2% 84.2 83.0%
85.0 75.3% 85.2 83.0%
86.0 75.8% 86.2 83.0%
87.0 75.6% 87.2 83.1%
88.0 75.5% 88.2 83.1%
89.0 75.5% 89.2 83.1%
90.0 75.4% 90.2 83.1%
91.0 75.4% 91.2 83.1%
92.0 75.4% 92.2 83.2%
93.0 75.4% 93.2 83.2%
94.0 75.4% 94.2 83.2%
95.0 75.4% 95.2 83.2%
96.0 75.4% 96.2 83.2%
97.0 75.4% 97.2 83.2%
98.0 75.4% 98.2 83.1%
99.0 75.3% 99.2 83.2%
100.0 75.3% 100.2 83.1%
101.0 75.2% 101.2 83.2%
102.0 75.3% 102.2 83.1%
103.0 75.3% 103.2 83.2%
104.0 75.4% 104.2 83.1%
107.0 75.5% 107.2 83.1%
108.0 75.6% 108.2 83.1%
109.0 75.6% 109.2 83.1%
110.0 75.6% 110.2 83.1%
111.0 75.6% 111.2 83.1%
112.0 75.7% 112.2 83.1%
113.0 75.7% 113.2 83.1%
114.0 75.7% 114.2 83.1%
115.0 75.5% 115.2 83.2%
116.0 75.2% 116.2 83.0%
117.0 75.4% 117.2 83.0%
118.0 75.6% 118.2 83.0%
119.0 75.6% 119.2 83.0%
120.0 75.8% 120.2 83.0%
尽管已参照具体实施方案对本发明进行了阐述,但应理解的是所请求保护的本发明不应过度限于该类具体实施方案。实际上,本发明所述的组合物和方法的各种改进和变化对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的,且意在涵盖于所附权利要求的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种固体磷酸催化剂,其包含磷源、硅源和促进剂。
2.根据权利要求1的催化剂,其中所述磷源包括磷酸、通过水解形成磷酸的化合物或其任何混合物。
3.根据权利要求1的催化剂,其中所述硅源包括硅藻土、滴虫土、纤毛虫土、硅藻土、高岭土、漂白土、人造多孔二氧化硅或其任何混合物。
4.根据权利要求1的催化剂,其中所述促进剂包括铌、钛、锆、钨、钒、铬、钼、铝、硼或其任何混合物。
5.一种制备固体磷酸催化剂的方法,其包括如下步骤:将磷源、硅源和促进剂混合;将混合物成型为成型体;和煅烧所成型的成型体。
6.根据权利要求5的方法,其中所述磷源和硅源以约2:1-约4:1的比例存在于所述混合物中。
7.根据权利要求5的方法,其中将所成型的成型体在约200℃-约500℃的温度下煅烧。
8.根据权利要求5的方法,其中所述磷源包括磷酸、通过水解形成磷酸的化合物或其任何混合物;所述硅源包括天然或人造多孔含硅材料;所述促进剂包括铌、钛、锆、钨、钒、铬、钼、铝、硼或其任何混合物。
9.根据权利要求5的方法,其中所述磷源包括正磷酸、焦磷酸或其任何混合物;所述硅源包括硅藻土、滴虫土、纤毛虫土、硅藻土、高岭土、漂白土、人造多孔二氧化硅或其任何混合物;且所述促进剂包括铌酸。
10.一种通过固体磷酸催化剂催化转化烃的方法,其包括:在烃转化条件下提供烃进料,并使所述进料与包含磷源、硅源和促进剂的固体磷酸催化剂接触,其中所述磷源包括磷酸,通过水解形成磷酸的化合物或其任何混合物;所述硅源包括天然或人造多孔含硅材料;且所述促进剂包括铌、钛、锆、钨、钒、铬、钼、铝、硼或其任何混合物。
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