CN103788280A - 质子传导材料 - Google Patents
质子传导材料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103788280A CN103788280A CN201410012608.6A CN201410012608A CN103788280A CN 103788280 A CN103788280 A CN 103788280A CN 201410012608 A CN201410012608 A CN 201410012608A CN 103788280 A CN103788280 A CN 103788280A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- group
- polymkeric substance
- acid
- metal
- aromatic
- Prior art date
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- Granted
Links
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- 125000005463 sulfonylimide group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 54
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 11
- FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanilamide Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Substances C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LXCYSACZTOKNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy(oxo)phosphanium Chemical compound CCO[P+](=O)OCC LXCYSACZTOKNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011964 heteropoly acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 metal-salt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000005499 phosphonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- KMMHZIBWCXYAAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromobenzenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 KMMHZIBWCXYAAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001429 chelating resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 3
- 150000003008 phosphonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- STYQHICBPYRHQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromobenzenesulfonamide Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 STYQHICBPYRHQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GSCCALZHGUWNJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Cyclohexyl-N-methylcyclohexanamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N(C)C1CCCCC1 GSCCALZHGUWNJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- QRMHDYCPNIVCBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [SH2]=N.[F] Chemical class [SH2]=N.[F] QRMHDYCPNIVCBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical group BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN(CC)CC ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SUFLCRUMRGPECP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluorobenzene;sulfuryl dichloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)(=O)=O.FC1=CC(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F SUFLCRUMRGPECP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASLVVDVJYDCLPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfamoylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O ASLVVDVJYDCLPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004679 31P NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical group [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical group OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSKNSYBAZOQPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CSKNSYBAZOQPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-ethoxycarbonylcarbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC(=O)OCC PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZPCBGJHMSJOYLP-UHFFFAOYSA-J hydrogen phosphate;zirconium(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[Zr+4].OP([O-])([O-])=O.OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPCBGJHMSJOYLP-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium hydroxide monohydrate Substances [Li+].O.[OH-] GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940040692 lithium hydroxide monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007777 multifunctional material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VUEXNBPCFIUYJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-disulfonyl chloride Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)C(S(=O)(=O)Cl)=CC=C21 VUEXNBPCFIUYJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- CMPQUABWPXYYSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl phosphate Chemical group OP(O)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 CMPQUABWPXYYSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007348 radical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurochloridic acid Chemical compound OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1039—Polymeric electrolyte materials halogenated, e.g. sulfonated polyvinylidene fluorides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
- C07F9/3804—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)] not used, see subgroups
- C07F9/3834—Aromatic acids (P-C aromatic linkage)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
- C07F9/40—Esters thereof
- C07F9/4003—Esters thereof the acid moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic
- C07F9/4021—Esters of aromatic acids (P-C aromatic linkage)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/30—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups
- C08F8/32—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups by reaction with amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/34—Introducing sulfur atoms or sulfur-containing groups
- C08F8/36—Sulfonation; Sulfation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/40—Introducing phosphorus atoms or phosphorus-containing groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2231—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
- C08J5/2237—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds containing fluorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
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Abstract
本发明涉及质子传导材料。具体地,本发明提供可用作离聚物或聚合物离聚物的材料,该材料包括包含可被高度氟化和可以是聚合物的双磺酰亚胺基团的化合物。
Description
本申请是申请日为2009年4月24日、申请号为200980122800.8、发明名称为“质子传导材料”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开要求2008年4月24日提交的美国临时专利申请第61/047643号的权利。
美国政府权利
本公开是根据美国能源部(DOE)授予的合作协议DE-FG36-07GO17006由政府支持完成的。美国政府享有本公开中的某些权利。
技术领域
本公开涉及可用作离聚物或聚合物离聚物的材料。
背景技术
在某些应用(包括某些汽车的应用)中,需要在较高的温度(如在大约120℃)运转燃料电池,这在某种程度上是为了简化冷却系统同时改善散热。较高的温度还可在使用联合的热力和动力系统中的废热方面提供效能增益。在较高的温度运转还可在使用重整燃料时提高催化剂对CO中毒的抵抗力。在某些应用中,为了提高在质子交换膜(PEM)中的水合水平,实施了对进入的反应物气流进行加湿,但是加湿器会增加系统的初始成本和增加在运转中的寄生功率损耗。在高温时加湿变得越来越困难;因而,需要传导性固有地较高的材料以便用很少的水或不用水就能有效地移动质子。
发明内容
简而言之,本发明提供根据下式的化合物:
(R1-O-)2-P(=O)m-Ar-SO2NH-SO2-R2
其中每一个R1独立地选自氢,可包含杂原子且可被取代的烷基、亚烷基或芳基基团,聚合物,金属,金属氧化物,金属磷酸盐,金属膦酸盐和无机粒子,其中m是0或1,其中Ar是可包含杂环和多环且可被取代的芳族基团,并且其中R2选自可包含杂原子且可被取代的烷基、亚烷基或芳基基团,以及聚合物。在一些实施例中,Ar是亚苯基。在一些实施例中,Ar是亚苯基-R3,其中R3选自氢,可包含杂原子且可被取代的烷基、亚烷基或芳基基团,以及聚合物。在一些实施例中,R2是含氟聚合物。在一些实施例中,R2被一个或多个选自磺酸基团和膦酸基团的酸基团所取代。
在另一方面,本发明提供根据下式的化合物:
其中R1选自金属、金属氧化物、金属磷酸盐、金属膦酸盐和无机粒子,其中m是0或1,其中Ar是可包含杂环和多环的且可被取代的芳族基团,并且其中R2选自可包含杂原子且可被取代的烷基、亚烷基或芳基基团,以及聚合物。在一些实施例中,Ar是亚苯基。在一些实施例中,Ar是亚苯基-R3,其中R3选自氢,可包含杂原子且可被取代的烷基、亚烷基或芳基基团,以及聚合物。在一些实施例中,R2是含氟聚合物。在一些实施例中,R2被一个或多个选自磺酸基团和膦酸基团的酸基团所取代。在一些实施例中,一个或多个或每一个R1是金属或金属氧化物,其中所述金属选自Zr、Ti、Th和Sn。在一些实施例中,一个或多个或每一个R1是金属或金属氧化物,其中所述金属选自四价的金属。
在另一方面,本发明提供根据下式的化合物:
R1 n-Ar-SO2NH-SO2-R2
其中每一个R1独立地选自氢,可包含杂原子且可被取代的烷基、亚烷基或芳基基团,聚合物,金属,金属氧化物,金属磷酸盐,金属膦酸盐和无机粒子,其中n是1、2或3,其中Ar是可包含杂环和多环且可被取代的芳族基团,并且其中R2选自可包含杂原子且可被取代的烷基、亚烷基或芳基基团,以及聚合物。在一些实施例中,Ar是亚苯基。在一些实施例中,Ar是亚苯基-R3,其中R3选自氢,可包含杂原子且可被取代的烷基、亚烷基或芳基基团,以及聚合物。在一些实施例中,R2是含氟聚合物。在一些实施例中,R2被一个或多个选自磺酸基团和膦酸基团的酸基团所取代。
在另一方面,本发明提供聚合物电解质,该聚合物电解质包含高度氟化的主链和包含根据下式的基团的第一侧基基团:
-SO2-NH-SO2-ArAn
其中Ar是5-24个碳原子的芳族基团,该芳族基团可包含杂环和多环且可被取代;其中A选自-SO3H和-PO3H2;其中n是在1和q之间;其中q是Ar中碳原子数目的二分之一。在一些实施例中,聚合物电解质包含全氟化的主链。在一些实施例中,聚合物电解质包含第二侧基基团,该第二侧基基团包含根据下式的基团:-SO3H。在一些实施例中,第一侧基基团对第二侧基基团的比率是p,其中p在0.01和100之间、在0.1和10之间、在0.1和1之间或者在1和10之间。
在另一方面,本发明提供包含本发明的聚合物电解质的聚合物电解质膜或膜电极组件,其可以另外包含多孔支承体或可以另外是交联的。
在本申请中:
聚合物的“当量重量”(或“EW”)表示中和一当量碱的聚合物的重量(考虑到,在存在着磺酰卤化物取代基或其它的会在燃料电池中使用该聚合物过程中转变为酸官能团的取代基的情况中,“当量重量”是指水解这些基团后的当量重量);
“高度氟化的”表示氟含量在40重量%或更多,通常50重量%或更多,更通常60重量%或更多;和
对于某种化学物质而言,“取代的”表示被不会干扰所需的产物或过程的常规取代基所取代,如取代基可以是烷基、烷氧基、芳基、苯基、卤素(F、Cl、Br、I)、氰基、硝基等。
具体实施方式
本公开涉及包括聚合物、粒子和小分子的材料的制备,通过材料的共价键利用磺酰胺、双磺酰亚胺和膦酸的键合连接到含酸物。
在另一方面,本公开涉及具有更多的强酸基团的燃料电池膜材料,该强酸基团在一些实施例中通过这些含酸分子与含酸的有机分子、金属氧化物或磷酸根粒子、金属盐、杂多酸等反应产生。
本公开的另一个方面涉及使用这些多官能团的材料来形成交联结构以改善机械性能或者来使组分的浸出减至最低。
本公开中提出的材料可用于燃料电池的应用,如在制造质子交换膜(PEM)中,作为催化剂添加剂或在粘结层中,该粘结层被设计成在燃料电池的苛刻环境中在较高的温度下运转时是热稳固的和化学稳固的,以及在低水合状态下具有显著较高水平的结合酸性基团以传导质子。
本公开描述了PFSA或其它聚合物的修饰,该修饰通过用芳族基团将磺酸基团转变为双磺酰亚胺基团来进行,所述芳族基团可进一步通过附连另外的酸基团(为改善传导性)或膦酸基团或硅烷基团(为附连杂多酸、为附连诸如氧化锆或磷酸氧锆的无机粒子或为附连二氧化硅粒子)进行修饰。
该基团还可用于产生交联。交联可通过使用双官能的反应物来完成。例子包括但不限于:氨、苯二磺酰氯、萘二磺酰氯磺酸钠盐、双-(苯基二磺酰基酐)和二磺酰胺(如苯二磺酰胺)。
下面是两个详解可能的连接反应的示意图。
可用的反应基团包括卤化物、磺酰卤化物、二磺酰基酐(disulfonylanhydride)、磺酰胺、胺、膦酸二醇、酸和酯以及含钨的二醇等。
芳族基团可通过任何合适的方法磺化。芳族基团可用Na2SO3、氯磺酸、三甲基甲硅烷基磺酸、硫酸或其它磺化剂来磺化。
本公开进一步描述了将含有双磺酰亚胺的小分子附连到无机部分(如HPA或粒子),以及合成这些化合物的方法。
本公开以引用的方式并入美国专利申请12/342,370(2008年12月23日提交)、美国专利第7,285,349号(2007年10月23日公布)、美国专利第7,348,088号(2008年3月25日公布)、美国专利第6,727,386号(2004年4月27日公布)、美国专利第6,863,838号(2005年3月8日公布)和美国专利第6,090,895号(2000年7月18日公布)的公开内容。
根据本发明的聚合物可通过任何合适的方法进行交联,所述方法包括在美国专利第7,179,847号(2007年2月20日公布)、美国专利第7,514,481号(2009年4月7日公布)、美国专利第7,265,162号(2007年9月4日公布)、美国专利第7,074,841号(2006年7月11日公布)、美国专利第7,435,498号(2008年10月14日公布)、美国专利第7,259,208号(2007年8月21日公布)、美国专利第7,411,022号(2008年8月12日公布)、美国专利第7,060,756号(2006年6月13日公布)、美国专利第7,112,614号(2006年9月26日公布)、美国专利第7,060,738号(2006年6月13日公布)、美国专利第7,173,067号(2007年2月6日公布)和美国专利第7,326,737号(2008年2月5日公布)中公开的方法。
本公开的范围不单一地限于聚合物电解质或燃料电池的应用,可预见到除了燃料电池用途以外的应用。
下面的实例进一步说明了本发明的目的和优点,但是这些实例中所提到的特定材料和数量以及其它条件和细节,均不应被解释为是对本发明的不当限制。
实例
除非另外指明,否则所有试剂均获自或可得自Aldrich ChemicalCo.,Milwaukee,WI,或可用已知的方法合成。
实例1:磺酰胺官能化聚合物
磺酰胺官能化聚合物如下图所示制备:将具有磺酰氟侧基的聚合物与氨反应,然后进行离子交换。如所示,会发生涉及通过磺酰胺与第二-SO2F基团反应形成二酰亚胺交联的副反应。
所用的聚合物是四氟乙烯(TFE)和FSO2-CF2CF2CF2CF2-O-CF=CF2的共聚物,该共聚物在美国专利申请10/322,254、10/322,226和10/325,278中描述。将约23g的~680EW聚合物和800EW聚合物的90/10共混物与150g乙腈置于600mL的Parr高压罐中。将高压罐密封、抽真空并且在低速搅拌下冷冻至-20C。加入氨至40psig,并且保持低于5C的温度6小时。然后让其升温至室温过夜。
开启容器,分离灰色固体聚合物并在适度加温下溶解在108g甲醇和20g去离子水中。
将5.7g氢氧化锂一水合物和40g去离子水加入到所得透明无色溶液中,并在适当加热下进行辊混合。
然后使溶液接触经酸化和冲洗的Amberlite IR-120离子交换珠总计6次,以使含有聚合物的溶液pH降至~3。较低pH溶液的NMR谱显示在-115.0处有明显的磺酰胺峰以及在-115.7处有小的磺酸峰,峰积分比例为12:1。将该溶液在60C干燥过夜,得到12.1g的浅黄色固体。然后将所得聚合物再溶解在乙腈中,让其静置和沉淀。将溶解的部分再次涂布在外并干燥,得到8.7g微黄色、微浊的刚性膜。
实例2:
将1.51g的实例1的磺酰胺官能化全氟化的聚合物溶解在13.7g干乙腈中。加入0.85g的4-溴苯磺酰氯并迅速溶解。将小瓶冷却至-10C,加入1.11g的三乙胺并搅拌。军小瓶在油浴中70C下加热2小时。2小时后加入另外0.49g的三乙胺。用6%H2SO4水溶液使pH从~10降至~3。在此过程中,有浑浊的聚合物沉淀出来。将该固体迅速再溶解在乙腈中,用另外的6%H2SO4水溶液使pH降至~0.5,用三乙胺使pH回至~2.5。加入四氢呋喃以期再析出聚合物但没有成功。将溶液在65C下干燥3小时(不含已沉淀到底部的细小材料)。回收得到1.6g的浅棕褐色膜,NMR谱显示在-113.5处有明显的双磺酰亚胺峰、在~-115.0处没有磺酰胺峰,在-115.5处有小的磺酸峰,峰积分比例为11:1。
实例3:
将1g的包含通过双磺酰亚胺基团附接到聚合物的苯基溴的含氟聚合物(实例2中得到)悬浮在30mL乙醇中。向悬浮液中加入49mg的乙酸钯(II)和173mg的三苯膦,随后滴加0.35mL的N,N-二环己基甲胺和0.225mL的亚磷酸二乙酯。反应混合物在70℃下加热30min。为溶解聚合物,加入4mL的N-甲基吡咯烷酮。形成透明溶液,在80℃下回流15小时。在旋转蒸发器中除去溶剂。得到的产物显示出在δ16.2ppm处的31P NMR信号(参照H3PO4),证实膦酸酯的形成。
实例4:双磷酸苯基双磺酰亚胺酸
步骤1.将23.6g的4-溴苯磺酰胺加入到三颈圆底烧瓶中的100mL干乙腈中。将烧瓶冷却至0℃,并且将水冷却的回流冷凝器附接到烧瓶的中间瓶颈。在反应过程中用氮持续地吹扫烧瓶。将30.3g三乙胺在搅拌下加入到烧瓶中。在氮气吹扫的箱子中称量25.6g的4-溴苯磺酰氯,并在恒定的搅拌下分批加入到烧瓶中。将30mL的乙腈加入到混合物中以冲洗粘在圆底烧瓶瓶颈的任何残留的4-溴苯磺酰氯。将混合物搅拌~24小时。过滤三乙胺盐酸盐,并浓缩滤液得到褐色的双磺酰亚胺产物的三乙胺盐,收率~50%。双磺酰亚胺产物的形成通过1H NMR和13CNMR得到证实。
步骤2.在氮气下冷却烘干的烧瓶,并装入1g的步骤1的产物、乙酸钯(II)(8mg)和三苯膦(30mg)。通过针和注射器将15mL的乙醇引入烧瓶中,然后滴加N,N-二环己基甲胺(1.25mL)和亚磷酸二乙酯(0.61mL)。将反应混合物在80℃下回流15小时。在旋转蒸发器中除去溶剂得到褐色半固体的产物三乙胺盐,收率80%。膦酸化通过在δ16.74ppm处的31P NMR信号(参照H3PO4)得到证实。
步骤3.1g的步骤2产物与20mL的12N HCl回流36小时以水解膦酸酯。所得的混合物用旋转蒸发器干燥,得到水解的膦酸产物。膦酸二乙酯水解的完成由最终产物中在3.99ppm、1.22ppm处的乙基信号的消失和由31P NMR:δ12.06ppm(参照H3PO4)得到证实。
实例5:(4-苯二磺酰亚胺-苯基)-膦酸
步骤1:(4-氨磺酰-苯基)-膦酸二乙酯。
将6.5g的4-溴苯磺酰胺、112.2mg的乙酸钯(II)和392.5mg的三苯膦装入烘干的烧瓶中。通过针和注射器将100mL的乙醇引入烧瓶中,然后滴加8mL N,N-二环己基甲胺和3.87mL亚磷酸二乙酯。将反应混合物在80℃下回流15小时。冷却过程中,观察到产物作为白色固体缓慢沉淀出来。在旋转蒸发器中将溶剂的体积减至一半,在真空下通过烧结漏斗过滤固体沉淀。获得白色固体产物,收率80%。31P NMR:δ15.83ppm(参照H3PO4),15N NMR:δ95.5ppm(通过甘氨酸的第二基准参照液氨作为0ppm),
步骤2:(4-苯二磺酰亚胺-苯基)-膦酸二乙酯。
将2.5g的(4-氨磺酰-苯基)-膦酸二乙酯(步骤1的产物)和100mL的乙腈装入烘干的烧瓶中。将烧瓶冷却至0℃,并将3.2mL的苯磺酰氯滴加到烧瓶中,然后滴加8.5mL的三乙胺。搅拌反应3小时,过滤出三乙胺盐酸盐。通过将10g的LiOH.H2O加至反应混合物中得到产物的锂盐。过滤固体,浓缩滤液得到产物,收率80%。31P NMR:δ16.8ppm(参照H3PO4)。
步骤3:(4-苯二磺酰亚胺-苯基)-膦酸。
将18g的步骤2产物与200mL的12N HCl回流36小时以水解膦酸酯。用旋转蒸发器干燥所得混合物得到水解的膦酸产物,收率95%。膦酸二乙酯水解的完成由在4.02ppm和1.23ppm处的来自所述酯的乙基信号的消失、31P NMR:δ11.36ppm(参照H3PO4)得到证实。在强酸型琥石树脂柱上通过离子交换得到无锂的产物。
实例6:Zr(O
3
P-C
6
H
4
-SO
2
NHSO
2
-C
6
H
5
)
2
将0.5g的ZrOCl2.8H2O溶解于聚丙烯瓶中的30g去离子水中。将2g的(50重量%)氢氟酸在搅拌下加入该溶液。5分钟后,将1.3g的实例5中合成的膦酸H2O3P-C6H4-SO2NHSO2-C6H5加入到上述混合物。将含有混合物的聚丙烯瓶在油浴中80℃下搅拌加热16小时。将干燥的产物用甲醇洗涤并离心。倾析出上清液。沉淀在热空气烘箱中110℃下干燥15分钟。X射线衍射图谱显示层状的膦酸锆固体的峰(在处001反射,在处002反射和在处003反射)。
实例7(假想例)
将实例5中合成的膦酸附接至有孔的杂多酸,如2008年11月7日提交的美国专利申请12/266,932中所描述的,通过用实例6中描述的方法使膦酸与有孔的杂多酸盐反应来附接。
实例8:具有根据下式的侧链的全氟化聚合物:
-O-(CF
2
)
4
-SO
2
-NH-SO
2
-PhF
5
将10g的基本上磺酰胺官能化的聚合物(根据实例1的方法采用733EW聚合物制备)(10%固体)和5.6g的五氟苯磺酰氯(得自AlfaAesar,Ward Hill,Mass.,美国)溶解在45mL的Aldrich密封的乙腈中。投料是在氮气下完成。让混合物搅拌1小时后,此时所有的固体已溶解在溶液中,将4.25g的Aldrich密封的三乙胺加入混合物中,并搅拌2小时,然后再温和地加热(72℃)15分钟。用NMR分析来自粗混合物的样品。氟NMR显示在-113.4ppm处有强峰,该峰对应于在聚合物的五氟磺酰亚胺中与硫相邻的CF2基团。
实例9:具有根据下式的侧链的全氟化聚合物:
-O-(CF
2
)
4
-SO
2
-NH-SO
2
-PhF
2
采用2g的3,5-二氟苯磺酰氯(得自Alfa Aesar,Ward Hill,Mass.,美国)和含10%固体的10g聚合物在45mL的乙腈中进行实例8中描述的反应。
实例10:具有根据下式的侧链的全氟化聚合物:
-O-(CF
2
)
4
-SO
2
-NH-SO
2
-Ph-SO
3
H(邻位)
将1.36g的1,2苯二磺酰基酐(其合成可见于J.Org.Chem.,Vol.48,No.18,1983,第2943-2949页)加入反应容器中,该反应容器包含48g的基本上磺酰胺官能化的聚合物(根据实例1的方法采用812EW聚合物制备)(溶解在干乙腈中,8.8%固体)。然后将2.1g的三乙胺加入溶液中,混匀并在室温下反应过夜。溶液NMR显示在-113.1ppm处具有显著的峰,该峰对应于在聚合物的五氟磺酰亚胺中与硫相邻的CF2基团。然后加入1.1g的2M LiOH,混匀,上层溶液在65C下干燥以生成具有主要包含双磺酰亚胺苯-2磺酸基团的侧链的PFSA的透明、微褐色膜。从较高EW的前体聚合物构建较低EW的离聚物可导致在给定EW下较高的主链结晶度。
实例11:具有根据下式的侧链的全氟化聚合物:
-O-(CF
2
)
4
-SO
2
-NH-SO
2
-Ph-SO
3
H(间位)
将1.46g的1,3苯二磺酰氯(得自Lancaster,Morecambe,英国)与5g的乙腈加入到1.57g的基本上磺酰胺官能化的聚合物(溶解在乙腈中,10%固体),该磺酰胺官能化的聚合物根据实例1的方法采用812EW聚合物来制备。然后加入0.092g的去离子水,在保持氮气氛的情况下将容器倒空至三颈烧瓶中。用3.5g的乙腈冲洗容器,也加入到烧瓶中。将3mL的三乙胺加入到加料漏斗中的17mL乙腈中,在室温下在3小时时间里缓慢滴入烧瓶中。溶液的NMR显示在-113.1ppm处具有显著的峰。加入2M LiOH溶液以产生强碱性的溶液,形成褐色的沉淀。保留固体并用乙腈冲洗3次。用2M LiOH溶液冲洗固体,然后用去离子水冲洗5次。用10%H2SO4/去离子水混合物冲洗固体以降低pH,然后用去离子水冲洗5次。加入15.8g的甲醇,适度加热以溶解固体。用90/10甲醇/水混合物冲洗烧瓶,将全部冲洗物通过AmberliteIR-120珠的离子交换柱两次,用90/10甲醇/水混合物稀释以助于流动。用氮气流干燥聚合物溶液以产生膜。经计算,所得的聚合物的EW为约550,而它是从EW为812的前体聚合物制备得到的。从较高EW的前体聚合物构建较低EW的离聚物可导致在给定EW下较高的主链结晶度。
实例12-15(假想例)
实例8和9中得到的聚合物通过与Na2SO3反应进行磺化以得到酸性聚合物,该酸性聚合物具有经由磺酰亚胺官能团结合的双磺化芳族侧基。将实例10和11中得到的聚合物进行磺化以得到酸性聚合物,该酸性聚合物具有经由磺酰亚胺官能团结合的双磺化芳族侧基。将如此得到的聚合物进一步进行磺化以得到酸性聚合物,该酸性聚合物具有经由磺酰亚胺官能团结合的多磺化芳族侧基。
实例16:质子传导性
质子传导性采用具有铂电极的标准面内4点探针电导测定器(可从Bekktech Inc.,Loveland CO商购获得)测量。将电导池电连接到稳压器(型号273,Princeton Applied Research)和阻抗/增益相位分析仪(SI1260,Schlumberger)。AC阻抗的测量采用Zplot和Zview软件(Scribner Associates)进行。温度和相对湿度由恒湿烘箱(TestEquity型号1000H)控制。
测量了下述聚合物的传导性:实例10的聚合物、实例11的聚合物以及约800EW的聚合物(基本类似于用于制备实例10和11的聚合物的前体聚合物)。因而,所有三种聚合物预期具有相似的主链结晶度(具有EW为约800的聚合物的聚合物主链),但是,实例10和11的聚合物预期具有约550的EW(经计算)。还测量了约650EW的类似聚合物的传导性。实例10和11的聚合物显示出在50%或50%以上的相对湿度下的传导性改善。在65%或更高的相对湿度下,实例10和11的聚合物表现出相当于650EW聚合物的传导性。在35%的相对湿度下,实例10和11的聚合物表现出相当于800EW聚合物的传导性。在50%的相对湿度下,实例10和11的聚合物表现出介于650EW聚合物和800EW聚合物之间的传导性。
Claims (3)
1.根据下式的化合物:
R1 n-Ar-SO2NH-SO2-R2
其中每个R1独立地选自金属、金属氧化物、金属磷酸盐、金属膦酸盐和无机粒子,
其中n是1、2或3,
其中Ar是芳族基团,该芳族基团可包括杂环和多环并且可被取代,并且
其中R2是含氟聚合物。
2.一种聚合物电解质,其包含高度氟化的主链和包含根据下式的基团的第一侧基:
-SO2-NH-SO2-ArAn
其中Ar是5-24个碳原子的芳族基团,该芳族基团可包括杂环和多环并且可被取代,
其中A选自-SO3H和-PO3H2,
其中n是在1和q之间,其中q是Ar中碳的数目的一半。
3.根据权利要求2所述的聚合物电解质,其包含第二侧基,所述第二侧基包含根据下式的基团:-SO3H。
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EP2276728A2 (en) | 2011-01-26 |
CN102066468A (zh) | 2011-05-18 |
CN103788280B (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
EP2276728B1 (en) | 2013-07-17 |
US8227140B2 (en) | 2012-07-24 |
WO2009132241A2 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
US9160021B2 (en) | 2015-10-13 |
EP2554579A1 (en) | 2013-02-06 |
US20120029098A1 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
EP2554580B1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
EP2554580A1 (en) | 2013-02-06 |
US20090269644A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
JP2011523398A (ja) | 2011-08-11 |
WO2009132241A3 (en) | 2010-07-22 |
US20120276471A1 (en) | 2012-11-01 |
EP2554579B1 (en) | 2016-03-30 |
JP5848379B2 (ja) | 2016-01-27 |
US8481227B2 (en) | 2013-07-09 |
JP2014101522A (ja) | 2014-06-05 |
US20130273457A1 (en) | 2013-10-17 |
CN102066468B (zh) | 2015-01-28 |
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