CN103787792A - Matrix material board for cultivating fresh seedling crops and preparation method of matrix material board - Google Patents
Matrix material board for cultivating fresh seedling crops and preparation method of matrix material board Download PDFInfo
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- CN103787792A CN103787792A CN201410033684.5A CN201410033684A CN103787792A CN 103787792 A CN103787792 A CN 103787792A CN 201410033684 A CN201410033684 A CN 201410033684A CN 103787792 A CN103787792 A CN 103787792A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of cultivating fresh vegetable seedlings, Chinese medicinal herb seedlings and other crops. To solve problems of short vegetable supply, high price and poor safety, the invention provides a method for preparing a matrix material board for cultivating fresh seedling crops. The method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing 90-100 parts by weight of animal manure, 90-110 parts by weight of straw chippings and 18-22 parts by weight of starch, and uniformly spraying a fungus-sugar mixing solution formed by mixing 2-3 parts by weight of EM fungus stock solution, 2-3 parts by weight of brown sugar and 20-30 parts by weight of water to the mixed materials; sealing and fermenting for 10-15 days in the shade at normal temperature to obtain a cured mixture; adding 4-6 parts by weight of chemical fertilizer to the cured mixture and uniformly mixing, adding 3.5-4.5 parts by weight of powdery biological insecticidal substance, uniformly mixing, pressing to obtain a board blank, and drying the board blank until water content is less than 10%, thus obtaining the matrix material board. The prepared matrix material board disclosed by the invention, in cultivating vegetable seedlings, realizes utilization of agricultural waste, reduces environmental pollution, provides safe and fresh vegetables, reduces life expense and improves life quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation field of the plant such as fresh vegetable seedling and herbal medicine seedling, relate in particular to a kind of for cultivating the substrate material plate of the fresh seedling class crop such as fresh vegetable seedling and herbal medicine seedling and preparing the method for this substrate material plate.
Background technology
At present, because monetary inflation causes price rise, wherein the price increase of fresh vegetables is particularly evident, and the rising range of the price of the fresh vegetables of some kind even exceedes 1000%, and this has just brought very large impact to people's life, has reduced quality of life.Certainly, due to the impact of dull and rush season, also can cause fresh vegetables in short supply, and then cause its price increase, daily life is exerted an influence, reduce quality of life.
In addition, some businessman is the fresh-keeping preservation term that extends fresh vegetables, reduce fresh-keeping cost simultaneously, formaldehyde solution is sprayed on vegetables, such as the formaldehyde Chinese cabbage once occurring on market, and formaldehyde has carcinogenesis, and in the time that esophagus enters human body, may cause chemical burn to people's upper digestive tract, affect HUMAN HEALTH.
High for solving vegetable supply anxiety, price that above-mentioned reason causes, and edible unsafe problem, those skilled in the art often improves for the implantation methods of vegetables, with improve vegetables output, alleviate vegetables supply pressure, reduce vegetable price; Storage practice for vegetables improves, with extend vegetables fresh keeping time, reduce fresh-keeping cost, improve edible safety.But, improve implantation methods and the storage practice of vegetables, R&D costs are high, the length that expends time in, and result of study is uncertain.For this reason, those skilled in the art looks for another way and proposes to manufacture a kind of substrate material plate that is used for cultivating fresh vegetable seedling that can be convenient for people to use, to solve the high and edible unsafe problem of vegetable supply anxiety, price.
Summary of the invention
For solving the high and edible unsafe problem of vegetable supply anxiety, price, the present invention proposes a kind of method of substrate material plate for the preparation of cultivating fresh seedling class crop, and this preparation method comprises the steps:
The first step, excrement of animals 90-110 weight part, stalk chip 90-110 weight part, starch 18-22 weight part are mixed and obtain solid mixture, EM bacterium stoste 2-3 weight part and brown sugar 2-3 weight part are joined in 20-30 weight parts water and be uniformly mixed into bacterium sugar mixed solution, and this bacterium sugar mixed solution is evenly sprayed onto on described solid mixture;
Second step, seal lucifuge fermentation 10-15 days to obtaining mixture in described step 1 at normal temperatures, fermentation completes, and obtains slaking mixture;
The 3rd step, in described slaking mixture, add the chemical fertilizer of 4-6 weight part and mix;
In the 4th step, the mixture that obtains to described step 3, add the Biocidal material of 3.5-4.5 weight part powdery, and mix;
The 5th step, the mixture that described step 4 is obtained are pressed into blank flat, and this blank flat is dried and obtained substrate material plate, and the water content of this substrate material plate (quality) is less than 10%.
Use this preparation method to prepare substrate material plate, raw material is easily got, technique is simple, cost is low, makes full use of agricultural wastes, has reduced environmental pollution.Use the substrate material plate that this preparation method prepares to cultivate dish seedling, the fresh vegetables of safety, health is both provided for people, having reduced life spending, improved quality of life, saved again a large amount of soils.
Preferably, during the fermentation, every 5-6 days, the described mixture that seals lucifuge fermentation is piled and turned over once.Like this, can make the mixture fermenting fully ferment, and can shorten fermentation period.
Preferably, in described chemical fertilizer, the weight ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and calcium silicate fertilizer is 2: 1: 1: 2.The substrate material plate making like this can meet the demand that fresh seedling class is grown to mineral element.
Preferably, described Biocidal material is castor seeds and/or Fructus Toosendan.Further, in the time that described Biocidal material is castor seeds and Fructus Toosendan, the weight ratio of described castor seeds and described Fructus Toosendan is 1:1.Like this, to carry out insect pest anti-pre-to being planted in dish seedling on substrate material plate or herbal medicine directly to adopt Biocidal material, and need on dish seedling or herbal medicine, not spray insecticide, and improved the edible safety of vegetables or herbal medicine.
Preferably, the pressure that in described step 5, mixture is pressed into blank plate is 130-150t/m
2.Like this, both mixture can be pressed into blank plate, and can keep well again the nutritive ingredient of mixture in blank flat.
Preferably, the substrate material plate upper seeding wheel making in described step 5, and apply 40-50t/m
2pressure seed is fixed on described oven dry plate.Like this, people are directly placed on substrate material plate in pallet in use, and add appropriate clear water, and do not need to carry out other work, efficient and convenient.
Preferably, described substrate material plate is cut into block profiled sheeting, and this profiled sheeting vacuum-sealing.Like this, be convenient to storage and transportation, and can avoid substrate material plate to go mouldy because making moist in storage and transportation, can also avoid substrate material plate in transportation or storage process, to germinate and scrap because of the seed of sowing simultaneously.
Adopt aforesaid method for the preparation of the substrate material plate of cultivating fresh seedling class crop, raw material abundance is easily got, and technique is simple, low cost of manufacture; Manufacture the substrate material plate price obtaining low, easy to use; When the substrate material plate obtaining with manufacture is cultivated dish seedling, people can directly pluck fresh dish seedling, and in cultivating process, do not need to use agricultural chemicals, edible safety.
In addition, the present invention also proposes a kind of for cultivating the substrate material plate of fresh seedling class crop, and this substrate material plate can prepare by above-mentioned any one preparation method.
This substrate material plate both can have been planted multiple leaf vegetables and Sprout vegetables, can plant again multiple herbal medicine, even can also plant multiple perennial draft class plant.In the time using this substrate material plate plantation dish seedling or herbal medicine, first remove the outer packaging of substrate material plate, and this substrate material plate is placed in to pallet, and make to sow seed-bearing one side upwards, then in pallet, inject appropriate clear water, again pallet is placed on the indoor or balcony of suitable planted dish seedling or herbal medicine growth, simple and convenient.In the time that indoor or balcony temperature reach 20-25 degree Celsius, within general seed 3-5 days, germinate, bud seedling class dish seedling can be searched for food for general 20 days, and small-sized leaf vegetables is edible in 25 days, and cherry Radix Raphani can be gathered for 28-30 days.Once can the gather fresh vegetables of 2.5-4kg of the substrate material plate of general a square metre, can meet the general three-person household vegetables demand of a week, and health, safety, having reduced life spending, improved quality of life.In addition, people can also plant according to personal like oneself different types of dish seedling or herbal medicine on same substrate material plate.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind of substrate material plate that is used for cultivating the fresh seedling class plants such as fresh vegetable seedling and herbal medicine.Prepare this substrate material plate solid material used and comprise agricultural crop straw, starch, excrement of animals, chemical fertilizer and Biocidal material.
Embodiment 1:
Choose maize straw 100 weight parts, and be that particle diameter is less than 30 object stalk chips with pulverizer by the corn straw smashing of choosing.Certainly, in the time choosing agricultural crop straw, can choose in the farm crop such as corn, wheat, cotton and paddy rice any one, the stalks of two or more farm crop, and when the stalk of choosing is during for two or more agricultural crop straws, the weight ratio between various agricultural crop straws is proportioning arbitrarily.Choose the cow dung that 20 weight part particle diameters are less than 20 object starch and 100 weight parts, stalk chip, starch and cow dung uniform stirring are mixed with stirrer.Get and purchase from the market available EM bacterium stoste 2.5 weight parts and brown sugar 2.5 weight parts and join in 25 weight parts waters and be evenly mixed to get bacterium sugar mixed solution.Bacterium sugar mixed solution is evenly sprayed on the solid mixture being uniformly mixed to form by stalk chip, starch and cow dung, and there is the solid mixture of bacterium sugar mixed solution to be deposited in together this sprinkling, then cover sealing with plastics film, cover and on plastics film, carry out shading with straw screen or mat again, make it seal at normal temperatures lucifuge fermentation 10-15 days, be easy to so that the nutritive substance in stalk, starch and cow dung is degraded into the nutrient that plant absorbs.Treat that this sprinkling has the surface of the solid mixture of bacterium sugar mixed solution to occur mycelia, and while sending distiller's yeast fragrance, fermentation completes, and obtains slaking mixture.During the fermentation, can adopt stack turner to have the solid mixture heap of bacterium sugar mixed solution to turn over once to the sprinkling in fermentation every 5-6 days, heap turns over 1-2 time conventionally.Wherein, starch has stickiness, can play the effect of tackiness agent, after sprinkling bacterium sugar mixed solution, loose stalk chip and cow dung is sticked together.
After fermentation completes, first in slaking mixture, add 6 weight part chemical fertilizer, in this chemical fertilizer, the weight ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and calcium silicate fertilizer is 2: 1: 1: 2, and mix, so that chemical fertilizer is dispersed in slaking mixture sufficiently uniformly.Like this, prepared substrate material plate can meet the demand of plant-growth to mineral element.Here the chemical fertilizer that added can be both the compound manure that contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and silico-calcium, also can be by several chemical fertilizer that contain respectively nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and silico-calcium such as urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and calcium silicate fertilizer are mixed to form.Certainly,, for avoiding nitrogenous fertilizer volatilization, nitrogenous chemical fertilizer is not volatile chemical fertilizer preferably.And then add the castor seeds powder of 4 weight parts, and stir and mix with stirrer.Preferably, the particle diameter of castor seeds powder is less than 90 orders.
The above-mentioned mixture making is placed in to trigger squeeze, and uses 130t/m
2it is 15cm(centimetre that the pressure of (ton/square metre) is pressed into thickness) blank flat.Certainly, can also adjust according to the kind of seedling class crop to be cultivated the thickness of blank flat, as long as can meet the growth needs of seedling class crop to be cultivated.Because blank flat water content is higher, conventionally can reach 35%, be difficult for storage and transportation, and easily go mouldy, therefore adopt dryer that blank flat is dried, make substrate material plate, and the water content (quality) of the substrate material plate making is less than 10%.
Use lath cutter that the substrate material plate making is cut into specification for 0.5m(rice) the square profiled sheeting of × 0.5m, so that carrying and using.Certainly, also can adopt other cutting methods that substrate material plate is cut into profiled sheeting.
In addition, use for convenience of people, can also be first with seed cave seed sower at the substrate material plate upper seeding wheel dish seedling making or the seed of herbal medicine, and after planting then using trigger squeeze to apply 40t/m to the seed on substrate material plate
2pressure seed is fixed on substrate material plate, and then substrate material plate is cut into the profiled sheeting of certain specification, and the specification of the profiled sheeting that forms of cutting can be adjusted as required.Preferably, in the time sowing, be set within the scope of 0.5cm × 0.5cm to 3cm × 5cm according to the sowing specification of the large young pathbreaker's seed sower of plant of dish seedling to be cultivated or herbal medicine, to meet the growth needs of dish seedling or herbal medicine seedling.Certainly, also can adopt the machine of other similar seed cave seed sowers to sow on substrate material plate.Go mouldy or sowed the seed germination on the substrate material plate of seed for avoiding substrate material plate to make moist in transportation or storage process, preferably, the profiled sheeting that adopts plastic packaging machine to form by substrate material plate or by the cutting of substrate material plate packs, and further, adopts vacuum sealed package.
Embodiment 2:
Choose wheat stalk and cotton stalk totally 90 weight parts, and weight ratio between wheat stalk and cotton stalk is any ratio, and with pulverizer, wheat stalk and cotton stalk all to be pulverized be that particle diameter is less than 45 object stalk chips.Choose cow dung 110 weight parts, starch 18 weight parts, together with then with stirrer, stalk chip, cow dung being stirred in starch, and mix.Preferably, the particle diameter of starch is less than 20 orders.Get EM bacterium stoste 2 weight parts, brown sugar 3 weight parts join in 20 weight parts waters, and mix and obtain bacterium sugar mixed solution.Then, bacterium sugar mixed solution is evenly sprayed on the solid mixture being uniformly mixed to form by stalk chip, cow dung and starch.Then, there is the solid mixture of bacterium sugar mixed solution to be deposited in together sprinkling, and seal shading treatment, such as being deposited in the darkroom of sealing, make it seal at normal temperatures lucifuge fermentation 10-15 days, and during the fermentation, piled and turn over once every 5-6 days, until this sprinkling has the solid mixture surface of bacterium sugar mixed solution to occur mycelia, and send with distiller's yeast fragrance, fermentation completes, and obtains slaking mixture.
After fermentation completes, first in slaking mixture, add composite chemical fertilizer 4 weight parts and mix, and in this composite chemical fertilizer, the weight ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and calcium silicate fertilizer is 2: 1: 1: 2.And then add 4.5 weight part Fructus Toosendan powder in this mixture, and be uniformly mixed with stirrer.Preferably, the particle diameter of Fructus Toosendan powder is less than 80 orders.
The above-mentioned mixture making is placed in to trigger squeeze, and passes through 140t/m
2pressure be pressed into the blank flat that thickness is 10cm.Because the moisture content in blank flat is higher, be difficult for storage and transportation, and easily go mouldy, then use dryer that blank flat is dried and made substrate material plate, and the water content of the one-tenth substrate material plate making is less than 10%.
The substrate material plate making is cut into the rectangle profiled sheeting that specification is 0.5m × 1m with lath cutter, so that carrying and using.Like this, in the time using this substrate material plate to cultivate fresh seedling class crop, just can adjust as required cultivated area.Certainly, for being convenient for people to use further, the first seed at substrate material plate upper seeding wheel dish seedling or herbal medicine with seed cave seed sower, and after planting using trigger squeeze to apply 45t/m to the seed on substrate material plate
2pressure seed is fixed on substrate material plate, and then will cut into the profiled sheeting of certain specification with seed-bearing substrate material plate with lath cutter.Preferably, can be set in 0.5cm × 0.5cm to 3cm × 5cm according to the sowing specification of the large young pathbreaker's seed sower of plant of dish seedling to be cultivated or herbal medicine, to meet the growth needs of dish seedling or herbal medicine.For avoid substrate material plate to make moist in transportation or storage process going mouldy or substrate material plate on seed germination, preferably, adopt and block substrate material plate packed with plastic packaging machine, further, adopt vacuum sealed package.
Embodiment 3:
Choose stalk totally 110 weight parts of the farm crop such as corn, wheat, cotton and paddy rice, and with pulverizer, the stalk of these several farm crop all to be pulverized be that particle diameter is less than 60 object stalk chips.Choose cow dung 90 weight parts, starch 22 weight parts, and together with stalk chip, cow dung being stirred in starch with stirrer, mix.Get EM bacterium stoste 3 weight parts and brown sugar 3 weight parts join in 30 weight parts waters, and mix and obtain bacterium sugar mixed solution.Then, this bacterium sugar mixed solution is evenly sprayed on the solid mixture being mixed to form by stalk chip, cow dung and starch.Then, this sprinkling there is is the solid mixture of bacterium sugar mixed solution be deposited in together and seal at normal temperatures lucifuge fermentation 10-15 days.During the fermentation, turn over once every 5-6 days heaps, until there is mycelia on its surface, and send with distiller's yeast fragrance, fermentation completes, and obtains slaking mixture.
After fermentation completes, first in slaking mixture, add nitrogenous fertilizer 1.5 weight parts, phosphate fertilizer 0.75 weight part, potash fertilizer 0.75 weight part and calcium silicate fertilizer 1.5 weight parts, after mixing, then add 3.5 weight part castor seeds powder and Fructus Toosendan powder, and mix with stirrer.Wherein, the weight ratio of castor seeds powder and Fructus Toosendan powder is 1:1, and the particle diameter of castor seeds powder and Fructus Toosendan powder is all less than 100 orders.Certainly the castor seeds powder, adding and the weight ratio of Fructus Toosendan powder can be arbitrary value.
The above-mentioned mixture making is placed in to trigger squeeze, and passes through 150t/m
2pressure this mixture is pressed into the blank flat that thickness is 20cm.Then use dryer that blank flat is dried and made substrate material plate, and the water content (quality) of the substrate material plate making is less than 10%.
At the substrate material plate upper seeding wheel dish seedling making or the seed of herbal medicine, and after planting using trigger squeeze to apply 50t/m to the seed on substrate material plate with seed cave seed sower
2pressure seed is fixed on substrate material plate.Then the square profiled sheeting that specification is 1m × 1m will be cut into seed-bearing substrate material plate with lath cutter again.Certainly, also can directly unseeded substrate material plate be cut into the profiled sheeting of fritter, and can set as required the specification of template for.Preferably, can be set within the scope of 0.5cm × 0.5cm to 3cm × 5cm according to the sowing specification of large young pathbreaker's seed sower of the plant of dish seedling to be cultivated or herbal medicine, to meet the growth needs of dish seedling or herbal medicine.Preferably, adopt plastic packaging machine to block substrate material plate or have the profiled sheeting of substrate material plate cutting formation to pack.Further, adopt vacuum sealed package.Like this, can avoid substrate material plate transportation or storage process in make moist go mouldy or substrate material plate on seed germination.
In the present invention, easily get for the preparation of the starting material of the substrate material plate of cultivating fresh seedling class crop, preparation technology is simple, low cost of manufacture; Make full use of agricultural wastes, avoided agricultural wastes to cause environmental pollution.Use the substrate material plate in the present invention to cultivate seedling class vegetables, both saved a large amount of soils, realized again the demand of the vegetables in season of people's economy, safety, health, improved people's quality of life.
Claims (9)
1. for the preparation of the method for substrate material plate of cultivating fresh seedling class crop, it is characterized in that, this preparation method comprises the steps:
The first step, excrement of animals 90-110 weight part, stalk chip 90-110 weight part, starch 18-22 weight part are mixed and obtain solid mixture, EM bacterium stoste 2-3 weight part and brown sugar 2-3 weight part are joined in 20-30 weight parts water and be uniformly mixed into bacterium sugar mixed solution, and this bacterium sugar mixed solution is evenly sprayed onto on described solid mixture;
Second step, seal lucifuge fermentation 10-15 days to obtaining mixture in described step 1 at normal temperatures, fermentation completes, and obtains slaking mixture;
The 3rd step, in described slaking mixture, add the chemical fertilizer of 4-6 weight part and mix;
In the 4th step, the mixture that obtains to described step 3, add the Biocidal material of 3.5-4.5 weight part powdery, and mix;
The 5th step, the mixture that described step 4 is obtained are pressed into blank flat, and this blank flat is dried and obtained substrate material plate, and the water content of this substrate material plate is less than 10%.
2. the method for the substrate material plate for the preparation of the fresh seedling class crop of cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, during the fermentation, every 5-6 days, the described mixture that seals lucifuge fermentation is piled and is turned over once.
3. the method for the substrate material plate for the preparation of the fresh seedling class crop of cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described chemical fertilizer, the weight ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and calcium silicate fertilizer is 2: 1: 1: 2.
4. according to the method for the substrate material plate for the preparation of the fresh seedling class crop of cultivation described in any one in claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, described Biocidal material is castor seeds and/or Fructus Toosendan.
5. the method for the substrate material plate for the preparation of the fresh seedling class crop of cultivation according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described Biocidal material is castor seeds and Fructus Toosendan, and the weight ratio of described castor seeds and described Fructus Toosendan is 1:1.
According to described in any one in claim 1-3 for the preparation of the method for substrate material plate of cultivating fresh seedling class crop, it is characterized in that, in described step 5, mixture is pressed into blank plate pressure be 130-150t/m
2.
7. according to the method for the substrate material plate for the preparation of the fresh seedling class crop of cultivation described in any one in claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, the substrate material plate upper seeding wheel making in described step 5, and apply 40-50t/m
2pressure seed is fixed on described substrate material plate.
8. the method for the substrate material plate for the preparation of the fresh seedling class crop of cultivation according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described substrate material plate is cut into block profiled sheeting, and this profiled sheeting vacuum-sealing.
9. for cultivating a substrate material plate for fresh seedling class crop, it is characterized in that, utilize the preparation method described in any one in claim 1-8 to prepare.
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| CN201410033684.5A CN103787792B (en) | 2014-01-24 | 2014-01-24 | A kind of substrate material plate for cultivating fresh seedling class crop and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106034586A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-10-26 | 安徽龙王山农业股份有限公司 | Method for planting yams by using straws |
| CN106508486A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-03-22 | 黑龙江彤洲生物肥制造有限公司 | Pressing system and technique for pressing stalk powder into plate culture media |
| CN107333488A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-11-10 | 黑龙江九穗谷农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of superpower multi-functional plant kind grain of mulching film planting prepares and type of seeding |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106034586A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-10-26 | 安徽龙王山农业股份有限公司 | Method for planting yams by using straws |
| CN106508486A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-03-22 | 黑龙江彤洲生物肥制造有限公司 | Pressing system and technique for pressing stalk powder into plate culture media |
| CN107333488A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-11-10 | 黑龙江九穗谷农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of superpower multi-functional plant kind grain of mulching film planting prepares and type of seeding |
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