CN103782246B - 搬运车系统以及对搬运车的充电方法 - Google Patents

搬运车系统以及对搬运车的充电方法 Download PDF

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CN103782246B
CN103782246B CN201280042952.9A CN201280042952A CN103782246B CN 103782246 B CN103782246 B CN 103782246B CN 201280042952 A CN201280042952 A CN 201280042952A CN 103782246 B CN103782246 B CN 103782246B
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carrier
charging
storage means
electric storage
coupler
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CN103782246A (zh
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林孝雄
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Murata Machinery Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供搬运车系统以及对搬运车的充电方法。本发明提供能够在短时间内对搬运车的蓄电器进行充电的系统。搬运车系统中,使将蓄电器作为电源行驶的多台搬运车沿着规定的行驶路径在地面侧控制器的控制下行驶。充电装置沿着行驶路径被设置于多处位置,该充电装置具备将交流整流为直流的整流器、通过整流器充电的充电装置侧蓄电器、以及用于对搬运车的搬运车侧蓄电器进行充电的充电耦合器。搬运车具备向地面侧控制器报告位置和蓄电器的剩余容量的单元,地面侧控制器具备充电管理部,其以如下的方式进行控制,即、根据搬运车的蓄电器的剩余容量和位置选择搬运车,并对已选择的搬运车选择并指定充电耦合器,使其在与指定的充电耦合器接近的位置停止来接受充电。

Description

搬运车系统以及对搬运车的充电方法
技术领域
本发明涉及搬运车系统和对搬运车的充电,特别涉及对利用蓄电器行驶的搬运车的系统中的搬运车的充电。
背景技术
已进行了将能够充电的二次电池安装在桥式吊车、有轨道台车、无人搬运车等来作为车载电源。对于该点,专利文献1(JPH05-207611A)提出了设置电池交换机,来更换桥式吊车的电池。然而,使用了二次电池的搬运车系统,需要管理蓄电器的剩余容量,并且需要通过以短时间进行充电来使搬运车的运转率的降低成为最小限。
专利文献1:JPH05-207611A
发明内容
本发明的课题在于提供没有过大的设备,而能够以短时间对搬运车的蓄电器进行充电的系统。
本发明的搬运车系统是使将蓄电器作为电源行驶的多台搬运车沿着规定的行驶路径在地面侧控制器的控制下行驶的系统,
充电装置沿着上述行驶路径被设置于多处位置,上述充电装置具备:整流器,其将交流整流为直流;充电装置侧蓄电器,其通过上述整流器充电;以及充电耦合器,其用于对搬运车的搬运车侧蓄电器进行充电,
上述搬运车具备通信部,该通信部向地面侧控制器报告自己的位置和上述搬运车侧蓄电器的剩余容量,
地面侧控制器具备充电管理部,该充电管理部进行控制,以便根据上述搬运车的搬运车侧蓄电器的剩余容量和搬运车的位置,来选择需要充电的搬运车,并且对已选择的搬运车选择并指定充电耦合器,使其在与指定的上述充电耦合器接近的位置停止来接受从充电装置侧蓄电器经由充电耦合器向搬运车侧蓄电器的充电。
另外,本发明是对使将蓄电器作为电源行驶的多台搬运车沿着规定的行驶路径在地面侧控制器的控制下行驶的系统中的搬运车的充电方法,
充电装置沿着上述行驶路径被设置于多处位置,上述充电装置具备:整流器,其将交流整流为直流的整流器;充电装置侧蓄电器,其通过上述整流器充电;以及充电耦合器,其用于对搬运车的搬运车侧蓄电器进行充电,
该充电方法执行:
上述搬运车经由通信部向地面侧控制器报告自己的位置和上述搬运车侧蓄电器的剩余容量的步骤;
地面侧控制器经由充电管理部,根据上述搬运车的搬运车侧蓄电器的剩余容量和搬运车的位置,选择需要充电的搬运车,并且经由通信部对选择的搬运车选择并指定充电耦合器的步骤;以及
被选择的搬运车在与被指定的上述充电耦合器接近的位置停止,并接受从充电装置侧蓄电器经由充电耦合器向搬运车侧蓄电器的充电的步骤。
该说明书中与搬运车系统有关的记载也原样地应用于对搬运车的充电方法。
在本发明中,不是从整流器直接充电,而是经由充电装置侧蓄电器对搬运车侧蓄电器充电。因此,能够从充电装置侧蓄电器经由充电耦合器以大电流对搬运车侧蓄电器迅速充电。用于充电的停止时间几乎与充电电流成反比例,所以通过充电装置侧蓄电器,能够缩短用于充电的搬运车停止的时间,能够提高搬运车的运转率。并且,到整流器的布线和对整流器的电源可以是小容量,不需要在地面侧设置大电流的电源和布线。另外,沿着行驶路径在多处位置设置充电装置,并基于搬运车的位置和搬运车侧蓄电器的剩余容量,选择并指定充电耦合器来使其接受充电。因此,不会产生因搬运车侧蓄电器的剩余容量不足而不能行驶的搬运车。此外,搬运车侧蓄电器以及充电装置侧蓄电器是例如锂离子电池等二次电池或者双电层电容器等。
优选在在由装载端口或者缓冲区构成的移载点设置有上述充电耦合器。这样一来,能够利用搬运车在装载端口等的停止点停止的时间来充电,所以还能够使用于充电的损耗时间缩短。在移载点以外设置充电耦合器的优选位置是在移载点的前后,以及搬运车停止来待机的待机位置。
另外,优选充电管理部使多台桥式吊车同时停止在与相对于充电装置侧蓄电器并联连接的多个充电耦合器接近的位置,同时进行充电。若搬运车停止来接受充电,则其间行驶路径会堵塞。此处,若使多台搬运车在接近的位置停止,同时进行充电,则能够缩短因充电而行驶路径被堵塞的时间。另外,因为经由充电装置侧蓄电器充电,所以即使同时对多台搬运车充电,也不会使充电电流不足,能够由多个充电耦合器共用一个充电装置侧蓄电器。
尤其优选搬运车是沿着设置于顶部空间的行驶轨道行驶的桥式吊车,整流器和充电装置侧蓄电器被设置于地面侧。沿着顶部空间,实施交流布线,并配置作为重量物的充电装置侧蓄电器效率低。与此相对,若在地面侧配置整流器和充电装置侧蓄电器,则能够将向作为物品的搬运目的地的处理装置的布线等利用在向整流器的交流电源,若从地面侧向行驶轨道侧实施直流布线,则能够沿着行驶轨道布线到多个充电耦合器。
优选地面侧控制器根据搬运要求的发生状况来决定充电耦合器中的充电量。这样一来,
·搬运要求多数发生的情况下,减少每次的充电量来增加搬运车的运转率,
·搬运要求的发生数少的情况下,能够通过增加每次的充电量,来防止由充电造成的搬运效率的降低。优选地面侧控制器根据经由进行充电的充电耦合器的行驶指令的发生状况来决定充电耦合器中的充电量。这样一来,经由进行充电的充电耦合器的行驶指令多的情况下,能够减少每次的充电量,以免妨碍其他的搬运车的行驶。此外,可以根据搬运要求的发生状况和经由进行充电的充电耦合器的行驶指令的发生状况的双方,来决定充电量。
附图说明
图1是表示实施例的桥式吊车系统的布局的俯视图。
图2是表示实施例中的桥式吊车和处理装置的侧视图。
图3是实施例中的充电装置和其周边的框图。
图4是实施例中的搬运车和其周边的框图。
图5是实施例中的地面侧控制器的框图。
图6是表示实施例中的充电控制算法的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下表示用于实施本发明的优选实施例。本发明的范围应该基于技术方案中的记载,参考说明书的记载和该领域中的公知技术,根据本领域技术人员的理解来决定。
图1~图6示出实施例的桥式吊车系统2,也可以代替桥式吊车系统,作为地面行驶的有轨道台车系统、或者无人搬运车系统等。在各图中,4是互联(inter-bay)路径,连接多个内部(intra-bay)路径6、6之间,沿着内部路径6,设置有多个图2所示的处理装置24。8是桥式吊车,沿着图2的行驶轨道20在顶部空间行驶,10是沿着行驶路径设置的充电耦合器,例如设置于装载端口和其前后的至少一方、面向物品临时放置用的缓冲区的位置和其前后的至少一方、以及桥式吊车8的待机位置等。12是设置于互联路径4的快捷路径,也可以不设置。
图2示出在装载端口26的正上面从充电耦合器10接受充电的桥式吊车8。20是行驶轨道,通过支柱22从洁净室等的顶棚吊下,24是半导体处理装置等处理装置,也可以是平板显示器的处理装置等,设置于地面侧,具备一个~多个的装载端口26。28是充电装置主体,由图3的整流器36和蓄电器38构成,蓄电器38既可以是锂离子电池等二次电池,也可以是双电层电容器等。直流布线30从充电装置主体28朝向行驶轨道20设置,沿着行驶轨道20设置有直流布线31,向多个充电耦合器10供给直流电力。多个充电耦合器10相对于直流布线30并联连接,并且接地线例如由行驶轨道20兼作。而且,多个充电耦合器10中的至少一个设置于装载端口26的正上部,桥式吊车8停止,在与装载端口26之间移载物品39,同时接受充电。充电耦合器10以桥式吊车8的车体长程度的间隔配置多个,所以多台桥式吊车8能够利用接近的充电耦合器同时接受充电。例如,若以对1台桥式吊车8进行充电时,在其前后至少一方行驶的其他的桥式吊车8也同时充电的方式控制,则能够减少桥式吊车8因充电而停止从而阻塞行驶路径的次数。
充电耦合器10如上述那样设置于装载端口26的正上部等,但除此以外,也可以设置于未图示的缓冲区的上部和其前后以及待机位置等。若将与一个充电装置主体28连接的多个充电耦合器10称为充电耦合器组,则例如在每个内部路径6设置2~数个左右的充电耦合器组,并在每个互联路径4设置数个充电耦合器组。这样一来,例如若行驶数10m~100m左右,则能够使桥式吊车8到达最靠近的充电耦合器10。
图3示出充电装置和其周边。32是交流电源,共享处理装置的电源,34是交流布线,通过整流器36将交流转换为直流,对蓄电器38进行蓄电,从而向充电耦合器10供给直流电力。这样一来,因为能够利用处理装置的交流电源,并将整流器36和蓄电器38设置在地面侧,所以不需要利用行驶轨道等支承于顶部空间。
图4示出桥式吊车8的构成,41是行驶部,由行驶马达和行驶车轮等构成,42是移载部,由升降台的升降机构和使升降机构相对于行驶方向向侧方移动的横传送部等构成。位置传感器43测定桥式吊车8的位置,通信部44与处理装置24侧的通信部51通信,交换用于移载物品的信号和用于接受充电的信号。机载控制器40和地面侧控制器52通信,报告桥式吊车8的当前位置和速度、状态以及二次电池46和电容器47的剩余容量等,从地面侧控制器52接受与行驶等有关的指令。
逆变器45将二次电池46和电容器47的输出转换为交流,供给给行驶部41的行驶马达和移载部42的马达,并且二次电池46和电容器47经由搬运车侧耦合器48,从充电装置侧的耦合器10接受直流电力。此外,桥式吊车8的加速时以及升降台的上升时从电容器47和二次电池46的双方供给电力,在恒速行驶时等的消耗电力小的时期仅从二次电池46供给电力。另外,通过桥式吊车8的减速和升降台的下降等被再生的能量向电容器47、二次电池46充电。而且,在从桥式吊车8的行驶开始直至移载完成为止的每一个周期中,使电容器47的剩余容量返回到规定的值,一个周期中的实质的消耗电力从二次电池46供给。若设置电容器47,则减小从二次电池46放电的峰值电流,因为能够平均化来自二次电池46的放电电流,所以能够使用小容量的二次电池46,或者延长二次电池46的寿命。此外,可以不设置电容器47,另外,也可以不设置二次电池46而仅为电容器47。
图5示出地面侧控制器52的构成。53是通信部,与桥式吊车通信,通信部54与生产管理系统55通信,来受理与搬运有关的要求,并报告搬运结果。搬运指令管理部56根据生产管理系统55的要求生成搬运指令,并管理其执行状况。配车管理部57对空台车进行配车,以使各内部路径存在规定的台数的空台车。充电管理部58管理各桥式吊车的二次电池和电容器的剩余容量,若剩余容量降低至规定值以下,则指定充电耦合器的位置,指示接受充电。因为电容器的剩余容量除了加速开始时以外很少,所以也可以仅管理二次电池的剩余容量。接受充电的位置在桥式吊车未被分配搬运指令和配车指令的情况下,能够利用任意的位置的充电耦合器来接受充电。分配了搬运指令或者配车指令的情况下,在被指定的行驶路径内决定充电耦合器的位置。此外,为了指定充电耦合器的位置,可以指定沿着行驶路径的坐标或者充电耦合器的ID等。并且,对用于接受充电的二次电池等的剩余容量的阈值例如在执行搬运指令过程中低,在除此以外的情况下高,执行搬运指令之前能够接受充电。
行驶指令生成部59生成与行驶有关的指令,以使桥式吊车执行搬运指令、配车指令、充电指令等。该指令例如以从当前到规定时间后的目标位置和目标速度,例如按照每个规定时间生成。搬运指令文件60存储搬运指令和其执行结果,台车状态文件61存储台车的位置和速度以及状态和二次电池以及电容器的剩余容量等。
图6示出充电的算法。充电管理部检测需要充电的搬运车,并使搬运车的行驶路径和当前位置以及二次电池的剩余容量等匹配,作为充电位置,选择并指定各个充电耦合器。将需要充电的搬运车称为搬运车A。若桥式吊车接受充电,则其间行驶路径被堵塞。因此,在充电的桥式吊车的前后的桥式吊车中,搜索能够充电的桥式吊车。所谓能够充电是指二次电池等不是充满电,并且不执行优先度高的搬运指令。而且,使需要充电的桥式吊车A和前后的能够充电的桥式吊车在接近的充电耦合器处停止,同时进行充电。
地面侧控制器的充电管理部根据从生产管理系统对地面侧控制器的搬运要求的发生状况、以及经由进行充电的充电耦合器的行驶指令的发生状况这双方来决定对搬运车A的充电量,即将充满电作为100%而充电到百分之几。也可以不必使用搬运要求的发生状况以及行驶指令的发生状况这双方,而仅基于其一方来决定充电量。搬运要求多数发生,并且经由该充电耦合器的行驶指令越多则越增加充电量,若这些越少则越减小充电量。搬运要求的发生频度低并且经由该充电耦合器的行驶指令少的情况下,可以决定为充满电。
搬运要求的发生状况能够利用按照时间的搬运要求的发生次数的移动平均值、或者基于移动平均值的今后发生次数的预测值等来决定。有搬运要求的发生次数呈周期性地变化的趋势等的规则性的情况下,可以使用基于这些规则性来决定的预测值。另外,作为搬运要求的发生次数,可以使用地面侧控制器按照时间分配搬运指令的次数的移动平均值,或者其预测值等。搬运要求的发生状况表示作为搬运系统整体的搬运负荷的高低,并且成为搬运要求的发生状况的基础的搬运要求的发生次数使用例如忽略了放货位置和卸货位置等的搬运系统整体的搬运要求的发生次数。
通过进行充电的充电耦合器的行驶指令的发生状况表示因充电而堵塞行驶路径而使其他的搬运车等待的程度。所谓行驶指令是在对搬运车的指令中包括行驶的指令,除了搬运指令还包括配车指令、充电指令、用于空出行驶路径的驱逐指令等,但也可以在其中仅考虑搬运指令。
若将搬运系统整体中的搬运指令的发生次数设为α,通过进行充电的充电耦合器的行驶指令的发生次数设为β,则充电管理部计算x=aα+bβ(a、b是正的常量),若x的值大,则减小每次的充电量,若小则增大每次的充电量。搬运系统整体中的搬运要求的发生次数α中,为了能够迅速地执行今后发生的搬运要求,预测值是很重要的。通过进行充电的充电耦合器的搬运要求的发生次数β,为了不妨碍其他的搬运车的行驶,所以与预测值相比当前值是重要的。
若剩余容量最低的搬运车A充电到规定的容量,则地面侧控制器的充电管理部利用接近的充电耦合器对充电中的各搬运台车,指示充电的中止。若多台桥式吊车一起停止并充电,则能够缩短堵塞行驶路径的时间。另外,充电通过蓄电器38的电力来进行,所以能够对多台桥式吊车同时充电。充电耦合器设置于装载端口的正上部等,所以相对于设置充电耦合器的装载端口,桥式吊车移载物品的情况下,只要不是充满电就进行充电。此时也使其他的桥式吊车停止在接近的充电耦合器来充电。
实施例中得到以下的效果。
(1)从蓄电器38向桥式吊车8侧充电,所以能够利用大电流短时间充电。用于充电的停止时间与充电电流几乎成反比例,所以若利用大电流充电则桥式吊车8的运转率提高。
(2)对蓄电器38的电源能够利用处理装置用的交流电源32,所以布线容易。通过以短时间从蓄电器38对桥式吊车8充电,并且平时从交流电源32向蓄电器38充电,从而能够减小充电所需的地面侧布线的容量。
(3)1台蓄电器38并联连接多个充电耦合器10,所以能够对多台桥式吊车一起充电。因此,因充电而堵塞行驶路径的时间短。
(4)在地面侧配置蓄电器38和整流器36,所以不需要在顶部空间支承这些部件。
(5)在每个内部路径6中设置2~数个充电耦合器组,在互联路径4中也设置几个充电耦合器组,则例如在100m以下的行驶中桥式吊车能够接受充电。而且,利用充电管理部58监视桥式吊车的位置和二次电池等的剩余容量,所以不产生电池用完的桥式吊车。
(6)在装载端口26的正上部设置充电耦合器10,所以能够将用于物品的移载的停止时间利用于充电。
(7)综上所述,作为整体能够缩短桥式吊车仅为了充电而停止的时间,提高桥式吊车的运转率。
(8)根据搬运要求的发生状况和经由该充电耦合器的行驶指令的发生状况,决定充电到多少剩余容量。因此,搬运要求的发生频度高时减少1次的充电量来提高搬运车的运转率,经由充电耦合器的行驶指令的个数多时,也能够减少1次的充电量以不妨碍其他的搬运车的行驶。而且,在搬运要求的发生频度低时和经由充电耦合器的行驶指令的个数少时,通过增多1次的充电量,能够不仅不妨碍其他的搬运车的行驶,而且还为接下来的繁忙期储备地进行充电。
符号说明
2…桥式吊车系统;4…互联路径;6…内部路径;8…桥式吊车;10…充电耦合器;12…快捷路径;20…行驶轨道;22…支柱;24…处理装置;26…装载端口;28…充电装置主体;30、31…直流布线;32…交流电源;34…交流布线;36…整流器;38…蓄电器;39…物品;40…机载控制器;41…行驶部;42…移载部;43…位置传感器;44…通信部;45…逆变器;46…二次电池;47…电容器;48…搬运车侧耦合器;51…通信部;52…地面侧控制器;53、54…通信部;55…生产管理系统;56…搬运指令管理部;57…配车管理部;58…充电管理部;59…行驶指令生成部;60…搬运指令文件;61…台车状态文件。

Claims (5)

1.一种搬运车系统,其特征在于,
是使将蓄电器作为电源行驶的多台搬运车沿着规定的行驶路径在地面侧控制器的控制下行驶的系统,
充电装置沿着所述行驶路径被设置于多处位置,所述充电装置具备:整流器,其将交流整流为直流;充电装置侧蓄电器,其通过所述整流器充电;以及充电耦合器,其用于对搬运车的搬运车侧蓄电器进行充电,并且相对于一个充电装置侧的蓄电器,沿着行驶路径并联连接有多个所述充电耦合器,
所述搬运车具备通信部,所述通信部向地面侧控制器报告自己的位置和所述搬运车侧蓄电器的剩余容量,
地面侧控制器具备充电管理部,所述充电管理部进行控制,以便根据所述搬运车的搬运车侧蓄电器的剩余容量和搬运车的位置,选择需要充电的搬运车,并且对已选择的搬运车选择并指定充电耦合器,使其在与指定的所述充电耦合器接近的位置停止来接受从充电装置侧蓄电器经由充电耦合器向搬运车侧蓄电器的充电,
所述充电管理部使多台桥式吊车同时停止在与并联连接的多个充电耦合器接近的位置,同时进行充电,
所述搬运车是沿着设置于顶部空间的行驶轨道行驶的桥式吊车,所述整流器和所述充电装置侧蓄电器被设置于地面侧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的搬运车系统,其特征在于,
在由装载端口或者缓冲区构成的移载点设置有所述充电耦合器。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的搬运车系统,其特征在于,
所述地面侧控制器根据搬运要求的发生状况来决定所述充电耦合器中的充电量。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的搬运车系统,其特征在于,
所述地面侧控制器根据经由所述充电耦合器的行驶指令的发生状况来决定所述充电耦合器中的充电量。
5.一种对搬运车系统中的搬运车的充电方法,其特征在于,
是对使将蓄电器作为电源行驶的多台搬运车沿着规定的行驶路径在地面侧控制器的控制下行驶的系统中的搬运车的充电方法,
充电装置沿着所述行驶路径被设置于多处位置,所述充电装置具备:整流器,其将交流整流为直流;充电装置侧蓄电器,其通过所述整流器充电、以及充电耦合器,其用于对搬运车的搬运车侧蓄电器进行充电,相对于一个充电装置侧的蓄电器,沿着行驶路径并联连接有多个所述充电耦合器,
所述充电方法执行:
所述搬运车经由搬运车的通信部向地面侧控制器报告自己的位置和所述搬运车侧蓄电器的剩余容量的步骤;
地面侧控制器经由充电管理部,根据所述搬运车的搬运车侧蓄电器的剩余容量和搬运车的位置,选择需要充电的搬运车,并且经由通信部对选择的搬运车选择并指定充电耦合器的步骤;以及
被选择的搬运车在与被指定的所述充电耦合器接近的位置停止,并接受从充电装置侧蓄电器经由充电耦合器向搬运车侧蓄电器的充电的步骤,
使多台桥式吊车同时停止在与并联连接的多个充电耦合器接近的位置,同时进行充电,
所述搬运车是沿着设置于顶部空间的行驶轨道行驶的桥式吊车,所述整流器和所述充电装置侧蓄电器被设置于地面侧。
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