CN103762276A - 异质结太阳能电池及其界面处理方法和制备工艺 - Google Patents

异质结太阳能电池及其界面处理方法和制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN103762276A
CN103762276A CN201410032530.4A CN201410032530A CN103762276A CN 103762276 A CN103762276 A CN 103762276A CN 201410032530 A CN201410032530 A CN 201410032530A CN 103762276 A CN103762276 A CN 103762276A
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郭万武
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种异质结太阳能电池及其界面处理方法和制备工艺,其中,异质结太阳能电池的界面处理方法是在异质结太阳能电池制备工艺中,采用离子注入工艺或扩散工艺对晶体硅片的正表面进行高掺杂处理,从而在晶体硅片正表面上形成一层重掺杂层,改变异质结太阳能电池的晶体硅片表面区域的费米能级,增加内建电场。通过该方法不仅可以增加晶体硅衬底界面的内建电场,能够更加有效地“拉动”耗尽区边界处载流子的分离以及输运,而且能有助于形成薄膜/晶体硅突变结,使得晶体硅基区部分的耗尽层宽度减小,增加了光吸收效率,降低了载流子的复合损耗,改善了异质结高效电池的电压特性。

Description

异质结太阳能电池及其界面处理方法和制备工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一种异质结太阳能电池及其界面处理方法和制备工艺,属于异质结太阳能电池技术领域。
背景技术
目前,异质结高效太阳电池的技术优势在于异质结所决定的高开压特性,优良的薄膜/晶体硅界面直接贡献于异质结电池的开压性能。传统的界面特性主要指对晶体硅表面悬挂键的钝化处理。然而,光生载流子的分离以及输运除了与悬键相关的缺陷影响以外,界面处内建势场的强弱直接关系到界面处的载流子能否被顺利地“扫入”发射极而最终被电极收集,薄膜/晶体硅界面处理以及内部势场的调制是目前异质结电池研发的难点。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的缺陷,提供一种异质结太阳能电池的界面处理方法,通过该方法不仅可以增加晶体硅衬底界面的内建电场,能够更加有效地“拉动”耗尽区边界处载流子的分离以及输运,而且能有助于形成薄膜/晶体硅突变结,使得晶体硅基区部分的耗尽层宽度减小,增加了光吸收效率,降低了载流子的复合损耗,改善了异质结高效电池的电压特性。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案是:一种异质结太阳能电池的界面处理方法,该方法为:在异质结太阳能电池制备工艺中,采用离子注入工艺或扩散工艺对晶体硅片的正表面进行高掺杂处理,从而在晶体硅片正表面上形成一层重掺杂层,改变异质结太阳能电池的晶体硅片表面区域的费米能级,增加内建电场。
进一步,所述的重掺杂层的厚度为1~3nm。
本发明还提供了一种采用上述界面处理方法的异质结太阳能电池的制备工艺,该工艺的步骤如下:
1)以晶体硅片作为晶体硅衬底,并对其表面进行清洗;
2)接着对晶体硅衬底的正表面采用上述异质结太阳能电池的界面处理方法进行处理,制备重掺杂层;
3)在晶体硅衬底背面沉积一层背面缓冲钝化层;
4)在背面缓冲钝化层的下表面上沉积与晶体硅衬底具有相同导电类型的重掺杂背表面场层;
5)在重掺杂层的上表面沉积一层正面缓冲钝化层,并在正面缓冲钝化层的上表面上沉积与晶体硅衬底具有相反导电类型的掺杂发射极层;
6)在掺杂发射极层的上表面制备正面透明导电薄膜层,在重掺杂背表面场层的下表面上制备背面透明导电薄膜层,然后在正面透明导电薄膜层的上表面制备正面金属电极,在背面透明导电薄膜层的下表面制备背面金属电极。
进一步,所述的晶体硅衬底为单晶硅片或多晶硅片。
进一步,所述的正面缓冲钝化层和背面缓冲钝化层均为本征非晶硅薄膜或本征微晶硅薄膜或由氧化硅薄膜和硅基薄膜组成的叠层薄膜结构。
进一步,所述的掺杂发射极层为微晶态掺杂薄膜或非晶态掺杂薄膜或过渡相结构的硅基掺杂薄膜。
进一步,所述的正面透明导电薄膜层和背面透明导电薄膜层均为掺锡氧化铟薄膜或掺钨氧化铟薄膜。
本发明还提供了一种采用该异质结太阳能电池的制备工艺所制备的异质结太阳能电池,它自下而上依次为背面金属电极、背面透明导电薄膜层,重掺杂背表面场层、背面缓冲钝化层、晶体硅衬底、重掺杂层、正面缓冲钝化层、掺杂发射极层、正面透明导电薄膜层和正面金属电极。
采用了上述技术方案后,通过对晶体硅片表面区域的处理,增加薄膜/晶体硅界面的内建电场,能够更加有效地“拉动”耗尽区边界处载流子的分离以及输运,同时,表面区域的高掺杂特性有助于形成薄膜/晶体硅突变结,使得晶体硅基区部分的耗尽层宽度减小,增加了光吸收效率,降低了载流子的复合损耗,改善了异质结高效电池的电压特性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的异质结太阳能电池的结构示意图;
图2为本发明的界面处理方法对异质结能带的效用示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚地理解,下面根据具体实施例并结合附图,对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
一种异质结太阳能电池的制备工艺,该工艺的步骤如下:
1)以晶体硅片作为晶体硅衬底5,并对其表面进行清洗;晶体硅片的厚度200μm,电阻率为2~5Ω·cm;清洗可以为常规RCA清洗。
2)接着对晶体硅衬底5的正表面采用异质结太阳能电池的界面处理方法进行处理,制备重掺杂层6;该异质结太阳能电池的界面处理方法为:在异质结太阳能电池制备工艺中,采用离子注入工艺或扩散工艺对晶体硅片的正表面进行高掺杂处理,从而在晶体硅片正表面上形成一层重掺杂层6,改变异质结太阳能电池的晶体硅片表面区域的费米能级,增加内建电场。重掺杂层6的厚度可以为1~3nm。该界面处理方法既保证了表面具备高掺杂浓度,也限制了该重掺杂层6的厚度,使其处于表面或者亚表面,这样方可体现出该重掺杂层6作为界面处理层的优势。 
3)在晶体硅衬底5背面采用PECVD工艺沉积一层背面缓冲钝化层41,降低其表面载流子复合速率;背面缓冲钝化层41的厚度可以为5nm;
4)在背面缓冲钝化层41的下表面上采用PECVD工艺沉积与晶体硅衬底5具有相同导电类型的重掺杂背表面场层3;重掺杂背表面场层3的厚度可以为15nm。
5)在重掺杂层6的上表面沉积一层正面缓冲钝化层42,降低其表面载流子复合速率,并在正面缓冲钝化层42的上表面上沉积与晶体硅衬底5具有相反导电类型的掺杂发射极层7;正面缓冲钝化层42的厚度可以为4nm;掺杂发射极层7的厚度可以为6nm。
6)采用磁控溅射技术在掺杂发射极层7的上表面制备正面透明导电薄膜层8,厚度可以为80nm;采用磁控溅射技术在重掺杂背表面场层3的下表面上制备背面透明导电薄膜层2,厚度可以为100nm;正面透明导电薄膜层8和背面透明导电薄膜层2作为载流子收集介质,然后在正面透明导电薄膜层8的上表面采用网版制备正面金属电极9,在背面透明导电薄膜层2的下表面采用低温丝网印刷技术在背面印刷低温银浆制备背面金属电极1,并在低于250℃条件下低温烘干,从而完成界面处理以后的薄膜/晶体硅异质结太阳电池的制造。
其中,晶体硅衬底5可以为单晶硅片,也可以为多晶硅片。
正面缓冲钝化层42和背面缓冲钝化层41中,其中任意一种或者两种为本征非晶硅薄膜或本征微晶硅薄膜或由氧化硅薄膜和硅基薄膜组成的叠层薄膜结构。
掺杂发射极层7为微晶态掺杂薄膜或非晶态掺杂薄膜或过渡相结构的硅基掺杂薄膜。
正面透明导电薄膜层8和背面透明导电薄膜层2,其中任意一种或者两种为掺锡氧化铟薄膜或掺钨氧化铟薄膜。
如图1所示,一种该异质结太阳能电池的制备工艺所制备的异质结太阳能电池,它自下而上依次为背面金属电极1、背面透明导电薄膜层2,重掺杂背表面场层3、背面缓冲钝化层41、晶体硅衬底5、重掺杂层6、正面缓冲钝化层42、掺杂发射极层7、正面透明导电薄膜层8和正面金属电极9。
本发明的工作原理如下:
通过对晶体硅片表面区域的处理,增加薄膜/晶体硅界面的内建电场,能够更加有效地“拉动”耗尽区边界处载流子的分离以及输运,如图2所示,同时,表面区域的高掺杂特性有助于形成薄膜/晶体硅突变结,使得晶体硅基区部分的耗尽层宽度减小,增加了光吸收效率,降低了载流子的复合损耗,改善了异质结高效电池的电压特性。
以上所述的具体实施例,对本发明解决的技术问题、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种异质结太阳能电池的界面处理方法,其特征在于:在异质结太阳能电池制备工艺中,采用离子注入工艺或扩散工艺对晶体硅片的正表面进行高掺杂处理,从而在晶体硅片正表面上形成一层重掺杂层(6),改变异质结太阳能电池的晶体硅片表面区域的费米能级,增加内建电场。
2.根据权利要求1所述的异质结太阳能电池的界面处理方法,其特征在于:所述的重掺杂层(6)的厚度为1~3nm。
3.一种异质结太阳能电池的制备工艺,其特征在于该工艺的步骤如下:
1)以晶体硅片作为晶体硅衬底(5),并对其表面进行清洗;
2)接着对晶体硅衬底(5)的正表面采用如权利要求1所述的异质结太阳能电池的界面处理方法进行处理,制备重掺杂层(6);
3)在晶体硅衬底(5)背面沉积一层背面缓冲钝化层(41);
4)在背面缓冲钝化层(41)的下表面上沉积与晶体硅衬底(5)具有相同导电类型的重掺杂背表面场层(3);
5)在重掺杂层(6)的上表面沉积一层正面缓冲钝化层(42),并在正面缓冲钝化层(42)的上表面上沉积与晶体硅衬底(5)具有相反导电类型的掺杂发射极层(7);
6)在掺杂发射极层(7)的上表面制备正面透明导电薄膜层(8),在重掺杂背表面场层(3)的下表面上制备背面透明导电薄膜层(2),然后在正面透明导电薄膜层(8)的上表面制备正面金属电极(9),在背面透明导电薄膜层(2)的下表面制备背面金属电极(1)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的异质结太阳能电池的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述的晶体硅衬底(5)为单晶硅片或多晶硅片。
5.根据权利要求3所述的异质结太阳能电池的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述的正面缓冲钝化层(42)和背面缓冲钝化层(41)均为本征非晶硅薄膜或本征微晶硅薄膜或由氧化硅薄膜和硅基薄膜组成的叠层薄膜结构。
6.根据权利要求3所述的异质结太阳能电池的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述的掺杂发射极层(7)为微晶态掺杂薄膜或非晶态掺杂薄膜或过渡相结构的硅基掺杂薄膜。
7.根据权利要求3所述的异质结太阳能电池的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述的正面透明导电薄膜层(8)和背面透明导电薄膜层(2)均为掺锡氧化铟薄膜或掺钨氧化铟薄膜。
8.一种如权利要求3所述的异质结太阳能电池的制备工艺所制备的异质结太阳能电池,其特征在于:它自下而上依次为背面金属电极(1)、背面透明导电薄膜层(2),重掺杂背表面场层(3)、背面缓冲钝化层(41)、晶体硅衬底(5)、重掺杂层(6)、正面缓冲钝化层(42)、掺杂发射极层(7)、正面透明导电薄膜层(8)和正面金属电极(9)。
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