CN103740359B - 热激活延迟荧光材料、其合成方法及使用该热激活延迟荧光材料的oled器件 - Google Patents
热激活延迟荧光材料、其合成方法及使用该热激活延迟荧光材料的oled器件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103740359B CN103740359B CN201310739678.7A CN201310739678A CN103740359B CN 103740359 B CN103740359 B CN 103740359B CN 201310739678 A CN201310739678 A CN 201310739678A CN 103740359 B CN103740359 B CN 103740359B
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- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000007725 thermal activation Methods 0.000 title abstract 6
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 claims description 9
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- JLZUZNKTTIRERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenylethylene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 JLZUZNKTTIRERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- INZANXALRBCFKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-fluorocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl)-(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound FC1(C(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)F)CC=CC=C1 INZANXALRBCFKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPTWWBLGJZWRAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,7-dibromo-9-H-carbazole Natural products BrC1=CC=C2C3=CC=C(Br)C=C3NC2=C1 QPTWWBLGJZWRAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZPNDIHOQDQVNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane Chemical compound CC1(C)OB(O)OC1(C)C ZZPNDIHOQDQVNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SDFLTYHTFPTIGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[n]1c2ccccc2c2ccccc12 Chemical compound C[n]1c2ccccc2c2ccccc12 SDFLTYHTFPTIGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LASVAZQZFYZNPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1nc(C)nc(C)n1 Chemical compound Cc1nc(C)nc(C)n1 LASVAZQZFYZNPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940112669 cuprous oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011982 device technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003967 siloles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PWYVVBKROXXHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[3-(1-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylsilol-1-yl)propyl]azanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+](C)(C)CCC[Si]1(C)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 PWYVVBKROXXHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/86—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D279/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D279/10—1,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines
- C07D279/14—1,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D279/18—[b, e]-condensed with two six-membered rings
- C07D279/22—[b, e]-condensed with two six-membered rings with carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D417/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
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Abstract
本发明提供一种热激活延迟荧光材料、其合成方法及使用该热激活延迟荧光材料的OLED器件,所述热激活延迟荧光材料的分子通式如式(1)所示:式(1),Ar-(Ar1)m-(Ar2)n,其中m=1~4,n=1~8,Ar为强吸电子基团,Ar1为给电子基团,Ar2为聚集诱导发光基团。所述热激活延迟荧光材料具有聚集诱导发光性质,从而使其具有较高的玻璃化转变温度、高的热稳定性和优异的发光性能,其合成方法工艺简单,容易纯化,产率高,并可通过连接不同基团调节终产物的发光性能、热性能等。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种热激活延迟荧光材料、其合成方法及使用该热激活延迟荧光材料的OLED器件,特别涉及一种具有聚集诱导发光(AIE)性质的热激活延迟荧光(TADF)材料、其合成方法及使用该具有AIE性质的TADF材料的OLED器件。
背景技术
有机发光二极管(OLED)等有机发光器件由于其在柔性显示等方面具有巨大的潜在应用,近年来受到科技界和产业界高度重视,是当前研究与开发的热点之一。
但是,目前有机发光器件技术在发展过程中遇到了瓶颈问题,就是发光器件的发光效率和使用寿命还达不到实用化要求,这大大限制了OLED技术的发展。影响有机发光器件的发光效率和使用寿命的原因是多方面的,但是其发光材料的发光效率和稳定性直接影响到上述有机发光器件的性能。绝大多数发光材料的稀溶液具有高的荧光量子产率,但是其在固体状态则变得荧光很弱或根本不发光,这是由于聚集导致了荧光的淬灭(ACQ)。而作为发光材料,通常情况下必须在固体薄膜状态下使用,因此随着固体薄膜的形成,聚集荧光淬灭现象就无可避免地发生。
为了降低发光材料的浓度,解决ACQ问题,绝大多数发光材料采用物理掺杂的方法进行制备。这种掺杂的方法有非常多缺点,例如在真空蒸镀过程中,主客体之间的配比很难控制;主客体之间存在相分离;加工工艺变得复杂。倘若存在这样的发光材料,它越是聚集,发光越强,荧光量子产率越高,那就有可能解决聚集荧光淬灭这个难题。这种材料就是聚集诱导发光(AIE)材料。自从2001年唐本忠等报道硅杂环戊二烯(Silole)衍生物具有AIE效应以来,引起了人们高度重视。由于AIE材料在固体状态的发光效率要大大高于溶液状态,这对克服OLED发光材料的掺杂问题提供一个很好的解决途径。
利用三线态发光的金属配合物磷光材料具有高的发光效率,其绿光和红光材料已经达到使用要求,但是由于金属配合物特殊的电子结构特征,导致其蓝光材料无法达到使用要求。因此,介于荧光和磷光之间的热激活延迟荧光(TADF)材料的出现,大大提高了荧光材料的发光效率,几乎达到磷光材料的发光效率,弥补了磷光蓝光材料的不足。但是已经报道的TADF材料由于存在ACQ效应,只能采用掺杂的方式制备OLED器件。
因此,把AIE性质和TADF性质结合在一起,开发出具有AIE性质的TADF材料,是解决上述问题的一个途径。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服热激活延迟荧光材料的ACQ效应,提供一种热激活延迟荧光材料,具有聚集诱导发光性质,从而使其具有较高的玻璃化转变温度、高的热稳定性和优异的发光性能。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供上述热激活延迟荧光材料的合成方法,其工艺简单,纯化容易,产率高,并可通过连接不同基团调节终产物的发光性能、热性能等。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种使用上述热激活延迟荧光材料的OLED器件,其发光层的荧光效率高和稳定性好,进而使得OLED器件发光效率和使用寿命都能达到实用化要求。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供一种热激活延迟荧光材料,分子通式如式(1)所示:
式(1),
Ar-(Ar1)m-(Ar2)n,
其中m=1~4,n=1~8,Ar为强吸电子基团,Ar1为给电子基团,Ar2为聚集诱导发光基团。
所述Ar选自以下结构:
所述Ar1选自以下结构:
所述Ar2选自以下结构:
本发明还提供一种热激活延迟荧光材料的合成方法,所述热激活延迟荧光材料的分子通式如式(1)所示:
式(1),
Ar-(Ar1)m-(Ar2)n,
其中m=1~4,n=1~8,Ar为强吸电子基团,Ar1为给电子基团,Ar2为聚集诱导发光基团;
所述热激活延迟荧光材料的合成方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,提供Ar1的卤代物和Ar2的卤代物,取Ar1或Ar2的卤代物中一种,制备对应的硼酸或硼酸酯;
步骤2,取步骤1中制备的Ar1或Ar2的卤代物中一种对应的硼酸或硼酸酯与Ar1或Ar2的卤代物中另一种进行偶联反应制备相应的取代芳香胺;
步骤3,提供Ar的卤代物,所述Ar的卤代物与步骤2中制备的取代芳香胺反应,得到所述热激活延迟荧光材料。
所述Ar1选自以下结构:
所述Ar1的卤代物为单卤代物或双卤代物,其为溴代物或碘代物。
所述Ar1的卤代物为溴代或碘代咔唑、溴代或碘代吩噻嗪、溴代或碘代二苯胺。
所述Ar2选自以下结构:
所述Ar2的卤代物为含三苯乙烯或四苯乙烯结构的卤代物,其为溴代物或碘代物。
所述Ar选自以下结构:
所述Ar的卤代物为氟代物、溴代物或碘代物。
本发明还提供一种使用热激活延迟荧光材料的OLED器件,包括:基板(10)、形成于基板(10)上的透明导电层(20)、形成于透明导电层(20)上的空穴传输层(30)、形成于空穴传输层(30)上的发光层(40)、形成于发光层(40)上的电子传输层(50)及形成于电子传输层(50)上的金属层(60),所述发光层(40)包括热激活延迟荧光材料,所述热激活延迟荧光材料的分子通式如式(1)所示:
式(1),
Ar-(Ar1)m-(Ar2)n,
其中m=1~4,n=1~8,Ar为强吸电子基团,Ar1为给电子基团,Ar2为聚集诱导发光基团。
本发明的有益效果:本发明的热激活延迟荧光材料克服了热激活延迟荧光材料的ACQ效应,具有聚集诱导发光性质,从而使其具有较高的玻璃化转变温度、高的热稳定性和优异的发光性能;其合成方法,工艺简单,纯化容易,产率高,并可通过连接不同基团调节终产物的发光性能、热性能等;本发明使用上述热激活延迟荧光材料的OLED器件,其发光层的荧光效率高和稳定性好,进而使得OLED器件发光效率和使用寿命都能达到实用化要求。
为了能更进一步了解本发明的特征以及技术内容,请参阅以下有关本发明的详细说明与附图,然而附图仅提供参考与说明用,并非用来对本发明加以限制。
附图说明
下面结合附图,通过对本发明的具体实施方式详细描述,将使本发明的技术方案及其它有益效果显而易见。
附图中,
图1为本发明热激活延迟荧光材料的合成方法的制备流程图;
图2为本发明使用热激活延迟荧光材料的OLED器件的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明所采取的技术手段及其效果,以下结合本发明的优选实施例及其附图进行详细描述。
本发明提供一种热激活延迟荧光(TADF)材料,具有聚集诱导发光(AIE)性质,其分子通式如式(1)所示:
式(1),
Ar-(Ar1)m-(Ar2)n,
其中m=1~4,n=1~8。
所述Ar为强吸电子基团,可选自二苯砜基等强吸电子基团,优选以下结构:
所述Ar1为给电子基团,可选自咔唑基等给电子基团,优选以下结构:
所述Ar2为聚集诱导发光(AIE)基团,可选自四苯乙烯等AIE基团,优选以下结构:
请参阅图1,本发明还提供一种热激活延迟荧光材料的合成方法,所述热激活延迟荧光材料具有聚集诱导发光性质,其分子通式如式(1)所示:
式(1),
Ar-(Ar1)m-(Ar2)n,
其中m=1~4,n=1~8,Ar为强吸电子基团,Ar1为给电子基团,Ar2为聚集诱导发光基团。
所述热激活延迟荧光材料的合成方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1,提供Ar1的卤代物和Ar2的卤代物,取Ar1或Ar2的卤代物中一种,制备对应的硼酸或硼酸酯。
其中,所述Ar1为给电子基团,可选自咔唑基等给电子基团,优选以下结构:
所述Ar1的卤代物可以为单卤代物或双卤代物,优选溴代物或碘代物,例如溴代或碘代咔唑、溴代或碘代吩噻嗪、溴代或碘代二苯胺等。
所述Ar2为聚集诱导发光(AIE)基团,可选自四苯乙烯等AIE基团,优选以下结构:
Ar2的卤代物可以为含三苯乙烯或四苯乙烯结构的卤代物,优选溴代物或碘代物。
所述Ar1或Ar2的卤代物通过反应,将卤素转变成硼酸或硼酸酯等,制备Ar1或Ar2的卤代物对应的硼酸或硼酸酯。此处,若选取Ar1的卤代物反应,则不需要对Ar2的卤代物进行处理,若选取Ar2的卤代物反应,则不需要对Ar1的卤代物进行处理。
步骤2,取步骤1中制备的Ar1或Ar2的卤代物中一种对应的硼酸或硼酸酯与Ar1或Ar2的卤代物中另一种进行偶联反应制备相应的取代芳香胺。
采用Suzuki偶联反应,进行偶联,制备相应的取代芳香胺。
步骤3,提供Ar的卤代物,所述Ar的卤代物与步骤2中制备的取代芳香胺反应,得到所述热激活延迟荧光材料,其具有聚集诱导发光性质。
其中Ar为强吸电子基团,可选自二苯砜基等强吸电子基团,优选以下结构:
所述Ar的卤代物,优选氟代物、溴代物或碘代物。
在实际制备过程中,可根据需要选取Ar、Ar1或Ar2的结构,通过连接不同基团调节终产物的发光性能、热性能等,以适应使用要求。
以下通过具体的实施例对本发明作进一步的阐述,但本发明并不限于此特定例子。
实施例1:4,4’-双[3,6-二(三苯乙烯基)]咔唑基二苯砜的合成。
(1)三苯乙烯硼酸酯的合成。
溴代三苯乙烯(167.62g,0.5mol),联硼酸频那醇酯(126.97g,0.5mol)和乙酸钾(29.44g,0.3mol)加入到三口瓶中,并加入300mL干燥二氧六环,在氩气保护下加入催化剂量Pd(dppf)Cl2,室温下搅拌反应24h;用水和二氯甲烷进行萃取,有机相减压旋蒸后,进行柱色谱分离提纯;产率85%;制备流程如下式(2)所示:
式(2),
(2)双三苯乙烯取代咔唑的合成。
三苯乙烯硼酸酯(76.46g,0.2mol),3,6-二溴咔唑(32.50g,0.1mol)加入到三口瓶中,加入20mL甲苯、2M K2CO3水溶液5mL,TBAB(四丁基溴化铵)1g,搅拌并通氩气30min后,加入0.001g Pd(PPh3)4,油浴加热到90℃反应24h;结束反应,用水和二氯甲烷进行萃取,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥后,旋转蒸发仪中真空旋干,得粗产物;利用硅胶柱层析的方法进行提纯,利用一定体积比的正己烷和二氯甲烷混合溶剂作为淋洗液;产率70%;制备流程如下式(3)所示:
式(3),
(3)最终产物4,4’-双[3,6-二(三苯乙烯基)]咔唑基二苯砜的合成。
双三苯乙烯取代咔唑(13.52g,0.02mol),4,4’-二氟二苯砜(2.54g,0.01mol)加入到三口瓶中,加入100mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、叔丁醇钾(2.24g,0.02mol),搅拌并通氩气后,加热到90℃反应24h;用水和二氯甲烷进行萃取,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥后,旋转蒸发仪中真空旋干,得粗产物;利用硅胶柱层析的方法进行提纯,利用一定体积比的正己烷和二氯甲烷混合溶剂作为淋洗液;产率89%;制备流程如下式(4)所示:
式(4),
,即(Ar2)2-(Ar1)-Ar-(Ar1)-(Ar2)2。
实施例2:4,4’-双(3-三苯乙烯)咔唑基二苯砜的合成。
参照实施例1的步骤(2)合成单三苯乙烯取代咔唑,所用的卤代咔唑为3-溴咔唑;参照实施例1的步骤(3)合成终产物;产率为82%;制备流程如下式(5)所示:
式(5),
,即(Ar2)-(Ar1)-Ar-(Ar1)-(Ar2)。
实施例3:4,4’-双(3-四苯乙烯)咔唑基二苯砜的合成。
参照实施例1的步骤(1)合成四苯乙烯硼酸酯;在参照步骤(2)合成单四苯乙烯取代咔唑,所用的卤代咔唑为3-溴咔唑;参照实施例1的步骤(3)合成终产物;产率为80%;制备流程如下式(6)所示:
式(6),
,即(Ar2)-(Ar1)-Ar-(Ar1)-(Ar2)。
实施例4:1,3,5-三[3,6-二(三苯乙烯基)]咔唑基三嗪的合成。
将实施例1步骤(2)得到的双三苯乙烯取代咔唑(20.28g,0.03mol)溶在100mL无水THF中,在0℃条件下滴加2.5M正丁基锂(14mL,0.035mol);再滴入三聚氰氯(1.841g,0.01mol)THF溶液20mL,然后在70℃反应24h;用水和二氯甲烷进行萃取,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥后,旋转蒸发仪中真空旋干,得粗产物;利用硅胶柱层析的方法进行提纯,利用一定体积比的正己烷和二氯甲烷混合溶剂作为淋洗液;产率68%;制备流程如下式(7)所示:
式(7),
,即Ar-(Ar1)3-(Ar2)6。
实施例5:4,4’-双(3-四苯乙烯吩噻嗪)基二苯酮的合成。
参照实施例3的方法,合成了单四苯乙烯取代的吩噻嗪中间体,然后参照实施例1的步骤(3)与4,4’-二氟二苯酮反应合成最终产物;产率为78%;制备流程如下式(8)所示:
式(8),
,即(Ar2)-(Ar1)-Ar-(Ar1)-(Ar2)。
实施例6:2,2’-双氰基-7,7’-双[3,6-二(三苯乙烯基)]咔唑基-9,9’-螺二芴基的合成。
利用实施例1得到的双三苯乙烯咔唑中间体(13.52g,0.02mol)与二氰基二碘螺芴(6.18g,0.01mol)的100mL DMF溶液在氧化亚铜催化下100℃反应24h;用水和二氯甲烷进行萃取,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥后,旋转蒸发仪中真空旋干,得粗产物;利用硅胶柱层析的方法进行提纯,利用一定体积比的正己烷和二氯甲烷混合溶剂作为淋洗液;产率为58%;制备流程如下(9)所示:
式(9),
,即(Ar2)2-(Ar1)-Ar-(Ar1)-(Ar2)2。
对比实施例1
咔唑(3.34g,0.02mol),4,4’-二氟二苯砜(2.55g,0.01mol)加入到三口瓶中,加入100mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、叔丁醇钾(2.24g,0.02mol),搅拌并通氩气后,加热到90℃反应24h。用水和二氯甲烷进行萃取,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥后,旋转蒸发仪中真空旋干,得粗产物。利用硅胶柱层析的方法进行提纯,利用一定体积比的正己烷和二氯甲烷混合溶剂作为淋洗液。产率85%。制备流程如下(10)所示:
式(10),
对比实施例2
参照对比实施例1的合成方法;产率为82%;制备流程如下式(11)所示:
式(11),
为了更好的说明本发明热激活延迟荧光材料的性能,对实施例1-6和对比实施例1-2制备的最终产物进行了性能测试,主要检测了其热性能和最大荧光发射波长,检测结果如表1所示。
表1
其中,热失重温度Td是在氮气气氛中失重1%的温度,在日本岛津公司的TGA-50H热重分析仪上进行测定,氮气流量为20mL/min;玻璃化温度Tg由示差扫描量热法(DSC,德国耐驰公司DSC204F1示差扫描量热仪)测定,升温速率10℃/min;是样品固体粉末最大荧光发射波长,利用日本岛津公司的RF-5301pc荧光分光光度计进行测定;ΦF是固体粉末荧光量子效率(利用美国海洋光学的Maya2000Pro光纤光谱仪,美国蓝菲公司的C-701积分球和海洋光学LLS-LED光源组成的测试固体荧光量子效率测试系统,参照文献Adv.Mater.1997,9,230-232的方法进行测定)。
由上表数据可知,本发明热激活延迟荧光材料的热稳定性较好,玻璃化转变温度较高,发光强度强。
故而所述热激活延迟荧光材料非常适用于制备有机电致发光材料(OLED)器件中的非掺杂发光层材料;也可以应用于化学/生物和压力传感器领域。
因此,本发明还提供一种使用上述热激活延迟荧光材料的OLED器件,请参阅图2,其包括,基板10、形成于基板10上的透明导电层20、形成于透明导电层20上的空穴传输层30、形成于空穴传输层30上的发光层40、形成于发光层40上的电子传输层50及形成于电子传输层50上的金属层60,所述发光层40包括所述热激活延迟荧光材料,其作为发光层40的非掺杂发光层材料。
由于该发光层40中的热激活延迟荧光材料的荧光效率高和稳定性好,进而使得OLED器件发光效率和使用寿命都能达到实用化要求。
综上所述,本发明的热激活延迟荧光材料克服了热激活延迟荧光材料的ACQ效应,具有聚集诱导发光性质,从而使其具有较高的玻璃化转变温度、高的热稳定性和优异的发光性能;其合成方法,工艺简单,纯化容易,产率高,并可通过连接不同基团调节终产物的发光性能、热性能等;本发明使用上述热激活延迟荧光材料的OLED器件,其发光层的荧光效率高和稳定性好,进而使得OLED器件发光效率和使用寿命都能达到实用化要求。
以上所述,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,可以根据本发明的技术方案和技术构思作出其他各种相应的改变和变形,而所有这些改变和变形都应属于本发明权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种热激活延迟荧光材料,其特征在于,其分子通式如式(1)所示:
式(1),
Ar-[Ar1-(Ar2)n]m,
其中m=1~4,n=1~2,Ar为强吸电子基团,Ar1为给电子基团,Ar2为聚集诱导发光基团;
所述Ar选自以下结构:
所述Ar1选自以下结构:
所述Ar2选自以下结构:
2.一种热激活延迟荧光材料的合成方法,其特征在于,所述热激活延迟荧光材料的分子通式如式(1)所示:
式(1),
Ar-[Ar1-(Ar2)n]m,
其中m=1~4,n=1~2,Ar为强吸电子基团,Ar1为给电子基团,Ar2为聚集诱导发光基团;
所述热激活延迟荧光材料的合成方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,提供Ar1的卤代物和Ar2的卤代物,取Ar1或Ar2的卤代物中一种,制备对应的硼酸或硼酸酯;
步骤2,取步骤1中制备的Ar1或Ar2的卤代物中一种对应的硼酸或硼酸酯与Ar1或Ar2的卤代物中另一种进行偶联反应制备相应的取代芳香胺;
步骤3,提供Ar的卤代物,所述Ar的卤代物与步骤2中制备的取代芳香胺反应,得到所述热激活延迟荧光材料;
所述Ar1选自以下结构:
所述Ar1的卤代物为单卤代物或双卤代物,其为溴代物或碘代物;
所述Ar1的卤代物为溴代或碘代咔唑、溴代或碘代吩噻嗪、溴代或碘代二苯胺;
所述Ar2选自以下结构:
所述Ar2的卤代物为含三苯乙烯或四苯乙烯结构的卤代物,其为溴代物或碘代物;
所述Ar选自以下结构:
所述Ar的卤代物为氟代物、溴代物或碘代物。
3.一种使用如权利要求1所述的热激活延迟荧光材料的OLED器件,其特征在于,包括:基板(10)、形成于基板(10)上的透明导电层(20)、形成于透明导电层(20)上的空穴传输层(30)、形成于空穴传输层(30)上的发光层(40)、形成于发光层(40)上的电子传输层(50)及形成于电子传输层(50)上的金属层(60),所述发光层(40)包括热激活延迟荧光材料。
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