CN103723056B - 具有可调节靠背形状的汽车座椅 - Google Patents

具有可调节靠背形状的汽车座椅 Download PDF

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CN103723056B
CN103723056B CN201310473615.1A CN201310473615A CN103723056B CN 103723056 B CN103723056 B CN 103723056B CN 201310473615 A CN201310473615 A CN 201310473615A CN 103723056 B CN103723056 B CN 103723056B
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欧文·哈勒
亚历山大·洛雷
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Grammer AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种汽车座椅,所述汽车座椅包括具有就座面框架(12)和靠背框架(13)的座位框架(11),其中所述靠背框架(13)具有左靠背纵联杆(15)和右靠背纵联杆(16),还具有下横撑杆(17)和上横撑杆(18),所述右和左靠背纵联杆(15、16)被可枢转地设置在所述下横撑杆上(17),这样靠背框架(13)可成螺旋形地变形。

Description

具有可调节靠背形状的汽车座椅
技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽车座椅。
背景技术
目前已知许多不同结构的这种类型的座椅。座椅框架的就座面框架和靠背框架可能在其垫衬物上有所不同。这些已知的座椅在座椅轮廓和靠背轮廓方面是可调节的,但通常不能充分适合使用者的人体工程学,意味着舒适性因此受到了限制,且使用者的背部并未通过靠背框架在每个位置得到足够的支撑,这常常导致背部不适。
例如,从DE4405397C1可以得知一种汽车座椅,其靠背框架细分为多个绕转动垂直轴线可互相枢转的亚节。
装有能以这种方式移动的靠背框架的汽车座椅确实改进使使用者能在座位后方接近触发构件,而且通过使用者的上身相对于汽车中央转动,在双门机动车中甚至使后座乘客不需要坐在前面的人空出汽车即可实现更简单的通过。
然而,该可移动靠背框架并非最适合人类工效学,因此如此汽车座椅的使用者可能在某些情况下不能体验到所需的就座舒适性,甚至可能必须忍受由这样的汽车座椅造成的背部不适。
发明内容
因此,本发明提出的目的是提供一种汽车座椅,能更好地适应人类背部的人体工程学,特别是在背部的旋转运动期间,从而同时为使用该汽车座椅的任何人提供更高的就座舒适性。
此目的通过一种汽车座椅来实现。
本创意是汽车座椅包括具有就座面框架和靠背框架的座位框架,所述靠背框架具有左靠背纵联杆、右靠背纵联杆、下横撑杆及上横撑杆,所述右和左靠背纵联杆可枢转地设置在所述下横撑杆上对抗阻力(againstaresistance),这样靠背框架可成螺旋形地变形。这个结构使得坐在根据本发明的这样的汽车座椅上的人,通过其背部靠在通常装有软垫的靠背框架上时,向左或向右转动他或她的背部或上身,靠背框架始终与使用者的背部相接触,使用者从而以舒缓的方式靠于其上。发生这种情况时,靠背框架转动,这样右和左靠背纵联杆以不同的方式枢转,所述纵联杆通过上横撑杆保持连接,整个靠背框架从而成螺旋形地变形。左和右靠背纵联杆在此过程中可枢转,这样一方面两个联杆向后枢转,尽管是在汽车座椅纵向方向上以不同的角度进行。另一方面,可以想到左或右靠背纵联杆在汽车纵向方向上向前枢转,而另一靠背纵联杆在汽车纵向方向上向后枢转。由于在不同情况下,这个枢转对抗一个阻力而发生,根据本发明的汽车座椅的靠背纵向框架支撑使用者,随着使用者转动其背部或上身到起始位置,由于该阻力使得能积聚在转动到起始位置期间被消除的回复力。从而也可以保证,即使在转动到起始位置期间,由于所述靠背框架通过消除回复力来支撑旋转运动,整个靠背框架随着使用者的转动接触并舒缓其背部的整个表面区域。
根据第一进一步的创意,靠背框架另外具有中央靠背纵联杆,所述中央靠背纵联杆绕大致上水平轴线枢转连接至下横撑杆,右和左靠背纵联杆被设置为至少其上端的区域在由中央靠背纵联杆的360°旋转构成的虚面范围(fictioussurfaceelement)之外。由于汽车座椅的座位框架的靠背框架的这个发明实施例,靠背框架的变形最佳适合人类工效学,特别是在汽车座椅使用者的背部或上身旋转运动期间。在这种情况下,靠背框架的单个元件在使用者的背部或上身旋转期间与人类背部的单个部分相关联,且几乎同样地复制了他的动作。中央靠背纵联杆进而可与人体脊椎相比较,反之,下和上横撑杆分别表示人体臀部和肩轴。左和右靠背纵联杆可被比作人体背部的肌肉和韧带器官。
坐在根据本发明的这样的汽车座椅中的人通过他或她的背部靠在通常装有软垫的靠背框架上时,如果转动他或她的背部或上身,此人的肩轴相对于其髋轴转动,肌肉和韧带器官与脊椎一并成螺旋形地或扭转地转动。通过同样的方式,根据本发明的汽车座椅的右、左及中央靠背纵联杆相对于彼此成螺旋形地或扭转地转动,而通过上和下横撑杆保持连接。
靠背纵联杆的人体工程学结构不仅为汽车座椅的使用者提高了舒适性,由于他/她的背部与通常装有软垫的靠背框架的持续且可靠的接触,还避免了背部不适,即使是在背部旋转运动期间,因为靠背框架能吸收压力,使用者的韧带和肌肉器官则从而不必承受压力。
根据进一步的创意,上横撑杆被分为两个,分成左靠背纵联杆和中央靠背纵联杆之间的第一横撑杆部件以及设置在右靠背纵联杆和中央靠背纵联杆之间的横撑杆部件。本发明的实施例表明,由于像人体的肩轴一样,上横撑杆不再是刚性轴,根据本发明的汽车座椅更适合人类工效学。
为了根据本发明的汽车座椅更接近地复制肩部的人体工程学,经验证,优选通过铰接的方式,第一横撑杆部件支承于左靠背纵联杆和中央靠背纵联杆上的收容部中,第二横撑杆部件支承于右靠背纵联杆和中央靠背纵联杆上的收容部中是有利的。在此情况下,靠背框架的整个上部区域的移动性基本对应于人体肩部区域的移动性,意味着背部运动,特别是转动和扭转的背部运动,能通过根据本发明的座位被支撑得特别好,这样进而提高了就座舒适性并将背部不适的可能性降到最低。
为了使可被汽车座椅的使用者采用的各种坐姿相对于靠背的倾斜相适应,经验证,下横撑杆相对于就座面框架可绕大致上垂直于座位纵向方向延伸的水平轴线枢转是有益的。
为了便于螺旋形或扭转的转动,下横撑杆具有中央区,中央靠背纵联杆被设置于该中央区上,还具有两个区域,这两个区域在座位纵向方向上由此成一定角度,且左靠背纵联杆和右靠背纵联杆被设置在此两个区域上。
为了尽可能接近现实地产生靠背框架的螺旋转动,同时对于根据本发明的汽车座椅的使用者实现侧部区域上的适合支撑,经验证,这个角度优选为45°。
原则上,左和右靠背纵联杆被牢牢地固定至下横撑杆确实是可能的,接着螺旋转动通过左和右靠背纵联杆在其纵向延伸方向上的弹力特性产生。然而,左靠背纵联杆被设置在一个成角度区上以便可绕轴线枢转,右靠背纵联杆被设置在另一个成角度区以便可绕另一轴线枢转是有利的。
为了达到尽可能舒服和愉快坐姿,中央靠背纵联杆以大致上平坦的方式被构建为纵向构件。这样,由汽车座椅使用者的背部施加到靠背框架上的压力能通过中央靠背纵联杆被消除于大面积上,在使用者的背部区域中没有来自作用于使用者背部的小表面区域、可能透过靠背框架的垫衬物的压力点。
出于同样的原因,实施例的目的在于左靠背纵联杆大致上平坦,其上端相对于下端成一个角度,右靠背纵联杆大致上平坦,其上端相对于下端成一个相同的角度。
靠背纵联杆和横撑杆的材料选择范围很广,尽管至今通常选择金属或弹性材料,按照其形稳性和弹性,这些材料已经在许多汽车工程领域中被测试,可适应于最多样的需求而依旧满足最严格的安全要求与标准。
一方面,下横撑杆能被构建为与就座面框架整体成一体或与其一部分成一体的一体式组成部件。
另一方面,当然也可以想到下横撑杆作为单独的组件被设置在就座面框架上,优选地通过角托,所述横撑杆在其中可绕轴线枢转地保持。
根据本发明的进一步创意,可提供至少中央靠背纵联杆在枢转时积聚一个回复力,优选为通过弹簧产生的回复力。该特征确保靠背框架具有稳定性,不会偏转超出其对应在最轻微的力的应用下的正常位置的平衡位置。这样的回复力还确保了回到正常位置的旋转运动通过靠背框架被支撑。
除了纵联杆之外,当枢转超出其对应正常位置的平衡位置时,当然右和左靠背纵联杆也能积聚一个回复力,优选为通过弹簧产生的回复力,因此枢转超出其对应正常位置的平衡位置的靠背框架的回位特别地顺畅。
根据一个单独的创意,包括至少一个如上所述的汽车座椅的汽车也需保护。
通过下面结合附图对实施例的说明,本发明的更多目的、好处、特征及应用将显而易见。描述或图示的所有特征的本身或任何合适的结合构成了本发明的主体,无论其在权利要求或其从属引用中以怎样的方式结合。
附图说明
附图中:
图1为根据本发明的汽车座椅的座位框架的一个实施例在正常位置上的俯视图;
图2为图1所示的座位框架的后视图;
图3为图1所示的座位框架的侧视图;
图4为图1所示的座位框架的立体图;
图5为图1所示的座位框架的实施例在左枢转位置上的俯视图;
图6为图5所示的座位框架的后视图;
图7为图5所示的座位框架的侧视图;
图8为图5所示的座位框架的立体图;
图9为图1所示的座位框架的实施例在右枢转位置上的俯视图;
图10为图9所示的座位框架的后视图;
图11为图9所示的座位框架的侧视图;
图12为图9所示的座位框架的立体图。
参考标号列表
11座椅框架
12就座面框架
13靠背框架
14中央靠背纵联杆
15左靠背纵联杆
15a左靠背纵联杆下端
15b左靠背纵联杆上端
16右靠背纵联杆
15a右靠背纵联杆下端
15b右靠背纵联杆上端
17下横撑杆
18上横撑杆
18a横撑杆部件
18b横撑杆部件
19轴线
20座椅纵向方向
21轴线
22中央区
23成角度区
24成角度区
25角度
26轴线
27轴线
28角度
29角托
30收容部
31收容部
32收容部
33收容部
具体实施方式
图1至图4展示了根据本发明的汽车座椅的座位框架11的一个实施例在正常位置上的各种视图,这在汽车座椅使用者的背部或上身未转动时呈现。座位框架11基本由就座面框架12和可枢转地倾斜设置于其上的靠背框架13组成。在当前实施例中,靠背框架13被设置为可绕角托29上的轴线21枢转,该角托29被牢固地设置并被固定于就座面框架12。
靠背框架13基本由通过下和上横撑杆17与18互相连接的中央、左和右靠背纵联杆14、15及16组成。
下横撑杆17主要由中央区22和设置于其上的、与汽车纵向方向20形成一定角度的区域23与24构成。上述区域23和24与汽车纵向方向20形成的一定角度为角度25,角度25在此实施例中约为45°。中央靠背纵联杆14被设置在下横撑杆17的中央区22上以便可绕水平轴线19枢转,而左靠背纵联杆15被设置在成角度区23上以便可绕轴线26枢转,右靠背纵联杆16被设置在成角度区24上以便可绕轴线27枢转。
上横撑杆18在本实施例中被分为两个,使中央和左靠背纵联杆14和15互相联系的第一横撑杆部件18a,而第二横撑杆部件18b使中央和右靠背纵联杆14和16互相联系。然而在此设置中,横撑杆部件18a和18b并非牢固地固定至靠背纵联杆14、15及16,而是以铰接(articulated)的方式在收容部30、31、32及33被保持。
在这种情况下,左和右靠背纵联杆15和16都成角度。左靠背纵联杆15可由此拆分为下端15a和上端15b,右靠背纵联杆16拆分为下端16a和上端16b。两个上和下端15a、16a和15b、16b之间的角度28相等,甚至定向为镜面对称,正如下横撑杆17上的左和右靠背纵联杆15和16的设置。
特别地,如图3所示可见,在此正常位置上从侧面看时,右靠背纵联杆16遮蔽了左靠背纵联杆15。
图5至图8接着展示了图1至图4的实施例,此时靠背框架13被向左枢转,对应于坐在汽车座椅上的人的背部或上身向右转动。在此情况下,左靠背纵联杆15被绕轴线26向左枢转,中央靠背纵联杆14被绕轴线19枢转,且右靠背纵联杆16被绕轴线27枢转。
特别地,如图5和图7所示可见,右靠背纵联杆16相对于座位纵向方向20在其下端16a及其上端16b两端均向后移动,而左靠背纵联杆15相对于座位纵向方向20在其下端15a及其上端15b两端均向前移动。由于此移动,整个靠背框架13成螺旋形地变形,之后靠背纵联杆14、15及16在其枢轴处被局部地固定在下横撑杆17上,且因此在它们的方位上被局部地固定。
相反地,由于其被分为两个且两个横撑杆部件18a和18b被通过铰接的方式安装在靠背纵联杆14、15及16的收容部30-33,横撑杆18并未被固定在位置上,相反由于其绕轴线19、26及27枢转,能跟随靠背纵联杆14、15及16的移动。
附图上并未明确展示靠背纵联杆14、15及16用弹簧承载。而其有益效果是,枢转的靠背纵联杆14、15及16通过几乎自动的方式从图5-8中、或者还有图9-12中的枢转位置移动至其在图1中的正常位置,坐在汽车座椅上的人无需消耗力量即可实现。然而,消耗力量以使得从图1-4中的平衡位置枢转是有必要的。不管怎样这还是可取的,为了使不必要的枢转不会由于甚至很小的外在影响引起,例如由于在转弯时离心加速而可能发生。
图9-12接着展示了图1至图4的实施例,此时靠背框架13被向右枢转,对应于坐在汽车座椅上的人的背部或上身向左转动。在此情况下,左靠背纵联杆15被绕轴线26向右枢转,中央靠背纵联杆14被绕轴线19枢转,且右靠背纵联杆16被绕轴线27枢转。
特别地,如图9和图11所示可见,左靠背纵联杆15相对于座位纵向方向20在其下端15a及其上端15b两端均向后移动,而右靠背纵联杆16相对于座位纵向方向20在其下端16a及其上端16b两端均向前移动。由于此移动,整个靠背框架13成螺旋形地变形,之后靠背纵联杆14、15及16除允许的旋转运动之外被固定在下横撑杆17上,为此目的还设定了方位。

Claims (16)

1.一种汽车座椅,包括具有就座面框架(12)和靠背框架(13)的座位框架(11),其特征在于,所述靠背框架(13)具有至少一个左靠背纵联杆(15)和至少一个右靠背纵联杆(16),还具有上横撑杆(18),所述右和左靠背纵联杆(15、16)被可枢转地设置在所述座位框架(11)上对抗阻力,这样所述靠背框架(13)可在其高度方向上成螺旋形地变形。
2.根据权利要求1所述的汽车座椅,其特征在于还具有下横撑杆(17)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的汽车座椅,其特征在于所述靠背框架(13)具有中央靠背纵联杆(14),所述中央靠背纵联杆(14)可绕水平轴线(19)枢转地连接至所述下横撑杆(17),所述右和左靠背纵联杆(15、16)被设置为至少其上端(15b、16b)的区域在由所述中央靠背纵联杆(14)的360°旋转构成的虚面范围之外。
4.根据权利要求3所述的汽车座椅,其特征在于所述上横撑杆(18)被分为两个,分成设置在所述左靠背纵联杆(15)和所述中央靠背纵联杆(14)之间的横撑杆部件(18a)以及设置在所述右靠背纵联杆(16)和所述中央靠背纵联杆(14)之间的横撑杆部件(18b)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的汽车座椅,其特征在于所述横撑杆部件(18a)通过铰接的方式在所述左靠背纵联杆(15)和所述中央靠背纵联杆(14)上的收容部(30、31)中被保持,且所述横撑杆部件(18b)通过铰接的方式在所述右靠背纵联杆(15)和所述中央靠背纵联杆(14)上的收容部(32,33)中被保持。
6.根据权利要求2-5中任一个所述的汽车座椅,其特征在于所述下横撑杆(17)可相对于所述就座面框架(12)绕大致上垂直于座位纵向方向(20)延伸的水平轴线(21)枢转。
7.根据权利要求6所述的汽车座椅,其特征在于所述下横撑杆(17)具有中央区(22),所述中央靠背纵联杆(14)被设置于所述中央区(22)上,所述下横撑杆(17)还具有两个区域(23、24),所述两个区域(23、24)与所述座位纵向方向(20)形成角度(25),且所述左靠背纵联杆(15)和所述右靠背纵联杆(16)被设置在所述两个区域(23、24)上。
8.根据权利要求7所述的汽车座椅,其特征在于所述角度(25)为45°。
9.根据权利要求7所述的汽车座椅,其特征在于所述左靠背纵联杆(15)被设置在成角度区(23)上以便可绕第一轴线(26)枢转,而所述右靠背纵联杆(16)被设置在成角度区(24)上以便可绕第二轴线(27)枢转。
10.根据权利要求3所述的汽车座椅,其特征在于所述中央靠背纵联杆(14)以大致上平坦的方式被构建为纵向构件。
11.根据权利要求3-5、7-10中任一项所述的汽车座椅,其特征在于所述左靠背纵联杆(15)大致上平坦,其上端(15b)相对于下端(15a)成角度(28),且所述右靠背纵联杆(16)大致上平坦,其上端(16b)相对于下端(16a)成角度(28)。
12.根据权利要求3-5、7-10中任一项所述的汽车座椅,其特征在于所述中央靠背纵联杆(14)、右靠背纵联杆(15)、左靠背纵联杆(16)和/或所述下横撑杆(17)和上横撑杆(18)由金属或塑料材料制成。
13.根据权利要求2-5、7-10中任一项所述的汽车座椅,其特征在于所述下横撑杆(17)被构造为与所述就座面框架(12)整体成一体或与其一部分成一体的一体式组成部件。
14.根据权利要求2所述的汽车座椅,其特征在于所述下横撑杆(17)作为单独的组件被设置在所述就座面框架(12)上,所述下横撑杆在其中可绕轴线(21)枢转地保持。
15.根据权利要求14所述的汽车座椅,其特征在于所述下横撑杆(17)作为单独的组件通过角托(29)被设置在所述就座面框架(12)上。
16.具有至少一个根据权利要求1-15中任一个所述的汽车座椅的汽车。
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