CN103718838A - Watermelon large-land and large-seedling grafting seed-saving and high-yield cultivation method - Google Patents
Watermelon large-land and large-seedling grafting seed-saving and high-yield cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a watermelon large-seedling grafting seed-saving and high-yield cultivation method. The watermelon large-seedling grafting seed-saving and high-yield cultivation method comprises the following four steps: grafting large seedlings; growing seedlings by the seedlings; growing many vines and many fruits; continuously planting and carrying out crop rotation. According to the watermelon large-seedling grafting seed-saving and high-yield cultivation method, the core is the major breakthrough of a grafting technology, namely stock grafting is carried out by changing a traditional cotyledon period into a resettling stage; cions are picked from side vines of the first batch or previous crop grafted seedling; the seedlings are planted by the seedlings so as to greatly save the seed use amount. Compared with traditional watermelon cultivation and seedling grafting, the advantages are obvious, the grafting is easy to operate and the survival rate is high; the grafting can be directly carried out on the large land without a facility so that the cost is reduced, the management is convenient and the domestication is not needed; the seedlings can grow up 20 days earlier; the growth vigor of the grown-up seedlings is rapid, the fruit carrying capability is strong and the quality is not influenced; commonly, 4000kg-6000kg of the watermelons can be produced per Mu in one season and more than 12000kg can be produced by continuous planting of three seasons. The watermelon large-seedling grafting seed-saving and high-yield cultivation method is particularly suitable for watermelon large-area continuous cultivation and large-scale intensive quality good grafting and seedling growing. The watermelon large-seedling grafting seed-saving and high-yield cultivation method can also be widely applied to melon vegetables; the quality is generally improved and the melons have good quality and low price.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of watermelon grafting method, especially a kind of watermelon seedlings grafting economizes kind of a high-yield cultivating method, belongs to agricultural production.
Background technology
Before the present invention openly, in watermelon seedling culturing, not yet there is seedlings grafting seedlings-growing method.Watermelon juice multi-flavor is sweet, and matter is carefully cool in nature, and food tasty and refreshing is to be deeply subject to the good merchantable brand of summer that consumer favors relieving summer heat and quenching one's thirst.China is that cultivating watermelon area is maximum in the world, the country that output is maximum, and area is more than 2,000 ten thousand mu throughout the year.Cultivating high-quality watermelon seedling is important foundation and the prerequisite that realizes high yield and high quality in cultivation management.Traditional watermelon seedling culturing is mainly taked direct sowing and seedling, but exist seedling raise period long, need kind of amount large, of poor quality, can not continuous cropping etc. deficiency; In recent years watermelon graft seedling growth generally adopts indoor autumn branches, conventionally in cotyledon period grafting, but every strain grafting need be broadcast a watermelon seed and cultivate a strain seedling and do scion, after grafting, also need outdoor experienced seedling to cultivate, still exist and need the large and small seedling grafting operation of kind of amount inconvenience, difficulty is large, survival rate is lower, seedling raise period is long, watermelon fine work seed costliness especially, production cost is high, be difficult to adapt to large area for seedling, cause the high deficiency in fine work watermelon listing price.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of watermelon seedlings grafting to economize kind of a high-yield cultivating method, the method is saved sowing quantity greatly, shorten the seedling time, reduce production costs, the easy operating of grafting simultaneously, is convenient to management, survival rate of seedling is high, resistance against diseases is strong, can realize the grafting of watermelon seedlings, with Miao Shengmiao, how climing many fruits, continuous cropping change of crops high-yield culturing, is particularly suitable for watermelon large area sequential cropping cultivation and extensive intensive grafting fine work is grown seedlings; The present invention also can be widely used in gourd vegetable crop, and short its quality generally promotes, and melon U.S. is inexpensive.
For achieving the above object, the grafting of a kind of watermelon seedlings of the present invention economizes kind of a high-yield cultivating method, comprises seedlings grafting, with Miao Shengmiao, how climing many fruits, continuous cropping four the crux production stages of changing crops.Its technical method main points are:
One, seedlings grafting.The grafting of watermelon seedlings, best period is, when stock grows up to seedlings, enters group during phase, and stock and watermelon scion are carried out to grafting.Selected stock for well, also can select high-quality bottle gourd, pumpkin, wild watermelon etc. to make stock with high-quality cucurbit.Grafting watermelon seedling in field best period, take cucurbit stock and grows into a phase of joining the Youth League as best if make stock with cucurbit.Because stock enters group's phase, stock growth is accelerated just, and stem slightly increases, and branch is upright, stretches upwards, and is convenient to the best period of grafting.Facts have proved, ahead of time or to postpone grafting all little desirable.Seedlings grafting concrete grammar is, cultivation method is cultivated cucurbit rootstock seedling and watermelon scion seedling routinely, for make stock ahead of time the group of entering a phase be convenient to grafting, cucurbit rootstock seedling should shift to an earlier date sowing in 20-30 days than watermelon scion seedling in the first batch.Watermelon seedlings grafting seedlings-growing method of the present invention mainly contains land for growing field crops seedlings grafting and the dish cave two kinds of methods of grafting of growing seedlings.One, land for growing field crops seedlings grafting: select cucurbit stock field planting land for growing field crops, when stock grows up to seedlings, enter group during phase, in the liftoff 10-40 centimeters of stock, cucurbit stock and watermelon scion are carried out to grafting.Land for growing field crops seedlings grafting is particularly suitable for watermelon large area sequential cropping cultivation.Two, point disk seedling growing grafting: select cucurbit stock to be placed in cave dish and cultivate, enter group during phase when stock grows up to seedlings, at two liftoff cotyledons of stock and a slice true leaf place, cucurbit stock and watermelon scion are carried out to grafting.Cave dish or feeding block seedlings raising grafting are particularly suitable for the intensive high-grade fine work of batch production grows seedlings, and is convenient to the vast minute centralized and unified high-quality of casual household for seedling.The grafting method of above-described two kinds of watermelon seedlings grafting, all adopt side to cut peg grafting method, its grafting method is: will grow up to stock hollow in seedlings stem, first use the parallel cut-out stock of blade stem climing, at the hollow circumference internal diameter in the climing cross section of stem to vertical cut 2-4 centimetre under a side direction of external diameter, being whittled in the joint-cutting of scion quick insertion stock of corresponding two-sided wedge shape close contact mutually, use film bundling again.
Two, with Miao Shengmiao.The scion of first batch of Grafted Watermelon Seedlings is first taked from the improved seeds watermelon seedling of a small amount of cultivation in early stage.When first batch of Grafted Watermelon Seedlings or front stubble Grafted Watermelon Seedlings are sent out climing, the required scion of later stock grafting can from this first batch of Grafted Watermelon Seedlings or take in the stubble Grafted Watermelon Seedlings lateral bine of growing; The stock that is about to the group's of entering phase is cut the grafting of peg grafting method with the scion of adopting with side; So scion is constantly changed crops and is made new advances, and inexhaustible, circulation grafting, with Miao Shengmiao, can save watermelon seed consumption in a large number, promotes watermelon improved seeds grafting Fast Growth to grow.Conventionally the son that utilizes watermelon training to cut is climing, scion is done in the climing cut-out of grandson, grafting on the stock of group's phase, with thicker scion grafting on the thick stock of stem, easy operating, easily transfers work, seedling growing way is fast, can shorten nursery stage.Like this, utilize 1 leaf just can obtain 1 young plant, 1 seed can obtain tens strains strain graftings even up to a hundred, so with Miao Shengmiao, can greatly save sowing quantity, reduces production costs, and is specially adapted to the Fast-propagation of aspermous watermelon or appreciable variety.And large area sequential cropping cultivation, saves watermelon seed consumption effect more obvious.
Three, how climing many fruits.Grafted Watermelon Seedlings answers field planting in the mutual isologue of both sides of edges of furrow, to help branches and tendrils fully to extend while sending out climing, and promotion blade face photosynthesis; Adopt the cultivation of protection ground, railway carriage or compartment face width 5-6 rice, land for growing field crops surrounding has been taken out drain ditch.When Grafted Watermelon Seedlings grows to 5-10 leaf, carry out pinching, promote send out sub climing morning.During training, retain sub climing 5-10 bar, climing reservation one fruit of every strip, every strain grafting retains setting 5-10 fruit, and after setting, the branches and tendrils of supervention are retained, and to expand leaf area, improve photosynthesis, promote fruit development.Concrete training should retain the climing setting of how many sons and should determine according to Field planting density and breediness.Conventionally land for growing field crops every mu of field planting 200-400 strain, training retains suitable 8 climing 8 fruits, or to 10 climing 10 fruits, even up to 12 climing 12 fruits.
Four, continuous cropping is changed crops.When the first season, Grafted Watermelon started to bloom in land for growing field crops then, the stock second season is cultivated in sowing immediately; Before the first season, watermelon was gathered 10 days by the stock field planting second season between the strain in watermelon first season land for growing field crops; When the second season stock enter group a phase, take the watermelon scion grafting first season; Every current season, watermelon cut off its branches and tendrils after adopting immediately; Approximately cross after 20 days, when the second season watermelon enter setting during the phase, before imitating, third place method is set about the stock of the third quarter and is cultivated and grafting cultivation; Cultivation is changed crops in this method continuous cropping can be according to 1 year continuous cropping 2-3 season of local condition.
The grafting method of gourd vegetable crop is similar communicating with cultivation method.The grafting of a kind of watermelon seedlings of the present invention economizes kind of a high-yield cultivating method, it is watermelon crop that its application is not limited to, can also be similar watermelon crop as fruit and vegetable crops such as muskmelon, Hami melon, pumpkin, bottle gourd, wax gourd, cucumber, sponge gourd, chocho, tomatoes, this crop grafting selects stock and corresponding culture technique to match with it.Particularly, gourd vegetable crop seedlings grafting province kind of high-yield cultivating method main points are as follows:
The grafting of gourd vegetable crop seedlings economizes kind of a high-yield cultivating method, and the grafting method of described seedlings grafting is to enter while rolling into a ball phase when stock grows up to seedlings, and stock and scion are carried out to grafting; It is watermelon crop that described gourd vegetable crop is not limited to, and can also be gourd vegetable crop and the herbaceous plant of similar watermelon crop, as muskmelon, Hami melon, pumpkin, bottle gourd, wax gourd, cucumber, sponge gourd, chocho, tomato etc.
Described grafting method adopts side to cut peg grafting method conventionally: will grow up to stock hollow in seedlings stem, first use the parallel cut-out stock of blade stem climing, at the hollow circumference internal diameter in the climing cross section of stem to vertical cut 2-4 centimetre under a side direction of external diameter, being whittled in the joint-cutting of scion quick insertion stock of corresponding two-sided wedge shape close contact mutually, use film bundling again.Also can be according to the corresponding employing cleft graft of gourd vegetable crop characteristic, the method for plant propagation with cutting, inarching method and pith-cambium grafting method; During grafting by stock cut callus mutual close contact corresponding to scion; The stock that described gourd vegetable crop grafting is selected and scion palpus compatibility are good.
The cultivation method that high yield is planted by described province is: the scion of first batch of gourd vegetable crop grafting is first taked from the improved seeds gourd vegetable crop seedling of cultivating on a small quantity early stage; When first batch of gourd vegetable crop grafting or front stubble gourd vegetable crop grafting send out climing, the required scion of later stock grafting can from this first batch of grafting gourd vegetable crop seedling or take in the stubble gourd vegetable crop grafting lateral bine of growing; The stock that is about to the group's of entering phase is cut the grafting of peg grafting method with the scion of adopting with side; So scion is constantly changed crops and is made new advances, and circulation grafting, with Miao Shengmiao, can save gourd vegetable crop seed consumption in a large number; The corresponding culture technique of described gourd vegetable crop must match with it, conventionally suits measures to local conditions to select local conventional cultivation method.
The characteristics and advantages that the grafting of a kind of watermelon seedlings of the present invention economizes kind of high-yield cultivating method is:
The one, save a large amount of seeds.Fine work watermelon, its seed is smart expensive, good watermelon seed, and 1-5 unit is sold in every, market.Watermelon autumn branches, the seedling that grows directly from seeds that every watermelon seed sowing is cultivated is taken from its scion, and the sub seedling of an anvil one, needs kind of amount large.Watermelon seedlings of the present invention grafting, its scion is grown directly from seeds seedling except taking from the first batch a small amount of watermelon, the branches and tendrils that front stubble Grafted Watermelon Seedlings is grown are taken from most of 90% above scion, anvil one bud one seedling like this, scion is constantly changed crops and is made new advances, inexhaustible, circulation grafting, with Miao Shengmiao, can save in a large number seed consumption, promote watermelon improved seeds grafting Fast Growth to grow.So utilize 1 leaf just can obtain 1 young plant, 1 seed can obtain tens strains strain graftings even up to a hundred.The present invention is particularly suitable for watermelon large area sequential cropping cultivation, adopts watermelon seedlings of the present invention grafting, and with Miao Shengmiao, a seedling can produce decades of times seedling, greatly saves sowing quantity, saves seed expense more than 1000 yuan for common every mu.And large area sequential cropping cultivation saving seed expense is more obvious, because Grafted Watermelon Seedlings of the present invention is disease-resistant strong, dead seedling, seedling is fast, many for seedling, especially with change of crops continuous cropping, cultivates grafting and only needs large scale cultivating stock, and scion can seedling life seedling.Conventionally cultivate 1 mu of grafting, can meet the field planting of 10-100 mu grafting is provided.
The 2nd, shorten the seedling time.Watermelon autumn branches, needs sowing to cultivate seedling scion, indoor autumn branches, and outdoor land for growing field crops hardening, a little less than seedling growing way, grafting operation is difficult, and survival rate is low, and the vegetative period of growing seedlings is long, from sowing, to taking out the climing phase, needs 50-60 days.Watermelon seedlings of the present invention grafting, stock is at Field planting, to group's phase grafting, the vigorous period that is is grown in the thick dendritic growth of root yarn stem of nursery stock, and front stubble Grafted Watermelon Seedlings lateral bine is directly taken from scion, grafting is easy to operate, survival rate is high, and after grafting, without hardening, growing way is vigorous, grow fast, sowing needs 30-40 days to taking out the climing phase.The relative autumn branches nursery stage of watermelon seedlings of the present invention grafting can be done sth. in advance more than 20 days.
The 3rd, grafting is motor-driven at any time.Watermelon autumn branches, stock is thick little relative consistent with the stem of scion, thereby the sowing time of will stagger stock and scion, and scion is done sth. in advance 10-20 days than stock sowing conventionally.But in practical operation, due to reasons such as kind, weather, management, the two sowing time of anvil fringe and cultivation thereof are difficult to hold, and risk is larger.Once mispairing, has a strong impact on graft survival rate, even delay work and mistake, and then affect watermelon then and normally produce, cause the underproduction in poor harvest.Watermelon seedlings of the present invention grafting, does not have this risk completely.Because front stubble grafting branches and tendrils can be directly taken from scion, as long as stock enters group's phase, stock and scion grafting at any time, maneuverability, without corresponding anvil fringe the two sowing time.
The 4th, graft survival rate is high.Traditional autumn branches is nearly all carried out at cotyledon period, stock and scion are all in the weak tendency phase, low being awkward in the little position of grafting part stem, and mostly early spring very low temperature carry out, require graft technology high, survival rate is on the low side, once and grafting failure, not only waste the seed that high-quality valency is high, even delay farming season, potential risk is very large.Watermelon seedlings of the present invention grafting, stock and scion are all in animated period, especially stock grafting position stem coarse positioning is high, with thicker scion grafting on the thick stock of stem, convenient operation.And no matter cloudy fine day, even under sunshine, as long as do not rain, all can the direct grafting in land for growing field crops, operation also can be relatively extensive, and grafting easily survives.Even if a grafting is unsuccessful, once find to remarry at any time, do not miss farming season.
The 5th, reduce production costs.The present invention is due to land for growing field crops grafting, and with Miao Shengmiao, sowing quantity is saved in commerial growing, seeding and seedling raising of elite seed especially, and later continuous cropping can this constantly be changed fringe continued access, once drops into, repeatedly output; In addition directly at land for growing field crops high position grafting, graft survival rate is high, and without the facility that shelters from heat or light, without standing hardening, the seedling time is fast, and management can be comparatively extensive, relatively saves labor; In addition, if adopt continuous cropping to change crops, cultivate, advantage is more obvious, can accelerate continuous cropping change of crops speed, and relative disease insect pest is few, reduces fertilizer application amount, grows fast, thereby greatly saves production cost.The present invention, owing to economizing kind, saving of labor, province's facility, economizing fertilizer, saves production cost more than 50% compared with watermelon tradition direct sowing culture and autumn branches cultivation.
The 6th, watermelon high yield of fine quality.Watermelon volunteer has the following disadvantages, and root system is less-developed, grows slow, and a little less than resistance against diseases, be easy to get root rot, fusarium wilt of seedling especially, can not continuous cropping.Grafted Watermelon Seedlings utilizes stock intrinsic advantage, after grafting and root-changing, makes its root yarn flourishing, absorbs nutrient fast, and resistance against diseases is strong, high resistance root rot, blight, realize continuous cropping,, grows very vigorous meanwhile, how climing many fruits, plant fruit ability strong, quality is without impact, and resultant effect is good, obviously improves output.The present invention can improve 1-2 doubly compared with conventional cultivation output, single cropping per mu yield 4000-6000 kilogram, and the continuous cropping of three seasons can reach more than 12000 kilograms.And selected kind is all the high-quality fine work watermelon that market is the most in great demand conventionally, the return rate of input and output is high, and economic benefit is very remarkable.
The present invention forms in conjunction with the research of Modern Agricultural scientific and technological achievement in the long-term practice exploration of going through for many years.The present invention is the important breakthrough of watermelon and gourd vegetable crop grafting and cultivation mode.The technology of the present invention is ripe, reliable and stable.The more traditional cultivating watermelon method of the present invention and autumn branches method advantage are very outstanding, and grafting convenient operation of the present invention is easy to management; Without hardening, shorten seedling raise period, can do sth. in advance 20 days seedlings; Save sowing quantity, economize for every mu and plant more than 1000 yuan; Resistance against diseases is strong, and survival rate of seedling is high, realizes efficient continuous cropping; Economize kind, saving of labor, province's facility, save production cost more than 50%; Watermelon high yield of fine quality, mouthfeel sugariness is without impact, single cropping per mu yield 4000-6000 kilogram, the continuous cropping of three seasons can reach more than 12000 kilograms.The present invention is particularly suitable for watermelon large area sequential cropping cultivation and extensive intensive fine work graft seedling growth.The present invention also can be widely used in gourd vegetable crop, and short its quality generally promotes, and really realizes melon U.S. inexpensive.Along with China's watermelon industry and gourd vegetables are accelerating to move towards specialization, compartmentalization, intensive, high quality, the marketization, Harmless, facility and industrialized modernization development trend, the present invention will comply with the market demand, the Fashion of Future, development prospect is very good.
embodimentbelow in conjunction with embodiment, further set forth beneficial effect of the present invention and implementation method.
One, the grafting of watermelon seedlings economizes kind of a high-yield cultivating method
Traditional cultivating watermelon mainly adopts direct sowing and seedling, exists seedling raise period long, needs kind of amount many, and production cost is high, easily sends out fusarium wilt, can not continuous cropping etc. deficiency.The grafting of a kind of watermelon seedlings of the present invention economizes kind of a high-yield cultivating method, has not only effectively overcome the deficiency of straight fertility seedling, and has that a large amount of sowing quantities of saving, output are multiplied, safety realizes the clear superiorities such as watermelon continuous cropping.Concrete grammar is:
1, preferred stock.Watermelon graft stock must have following characteristics: disease resistance is good, especially wants anti-blight; Compatibility is good, easily transfers work; Symbiosis is strong, after grafting, can grow by normal growth, does not occur stiff seedling, seedling death phenomenon; Without variation, the quality of watermelon and mouthfeel are had no adverse effects.Common optional cucurbit, pumpkin, wild watermelon etc. are made stock.In recent years facts have proved, take and select cucurbit as optimum.Cucurbit, climbs rattan plant, annual herb, well developed root system, stem is overgrow, growth is fast, vitality is strong, Xia Qiukai spends in vain, fruit shape is different because of kind, tender fruit is edible, ripe after shell hyoscine or make vessel.The cultivation of cucurbit seedling can adopt local conventional cultivation method.Main points are to select good cucurbit kind within compared with short-term, to cultivate as far as possible the cucurbit seedling that stem is thick, and in group, a phase supplies watermelon grafting.
2, cultivate scion.Cultivating good variety of watermelon seedling is the important prerequisite of guaranteeing watermelon good quality and high output do scion.First scion of watermelon grafting then, can utilize warm canopy to cultivate watermelon seedling in early spring; Also can first carry out a small amount of stock seedlings and watermelon autumn branches, for later large area, plant in enormous quantities watermelon sufficient scion fringe source is provided.
3, seedlings grafting.Behind cucurbit stock field planting land for growing field crops, the group of entering carries out grafting a phase, by mutual close contact in the joint-cutting of watermelon scion insertion cucurbit stock.Specifically, the grafting method of grafting watermelon seedling in field of the present invention is to adopt side to cut peg grafting method: will grow up to stock hollow in seedlings stem, first use the parallel cut-out stock of blade stem climing, at the hollow circumference internal diameter in the climing cross section of stem to vertical cut 2-4 centimetre under a side direction of external diameter, again being whittled in the joint-cutting of scion quick insertion stock of corresponding two-sided wedge shape close contact mutually, with film bundling, during operation, action wants fast.Conventionally after grafting, within about 5 days, survive, survival rate is up to more than 95%.Even if occur that a grafting of a small amount of nursery stock is unsuccessful, also can remedy and remarry, can not cause nursery stock waste.As long as the present invention does not rain, can be in outdoor land for growing field crops at any time can grafting, direct control under sunshine even, without sheltering from heat or light, simple and convenient.Due to grafting fast growth, after grafting survival, can send out climing in a large number successively, later required scion is therefrom inexhaustible, and the grafting that circulates like this with Miao Shengmiao, thereby reaches the object of province's kind, fast-growing, high yield, high-quality.
4, strengthen management.Watermelon adopts land for growing field crops seedlings grafting, and after grafting survival, aerial growth is rapid, conventionally the grafting setting of can blooming about 15 days.Therefore will note fertilising this period, prevent arid, the anti-worm of curing the disease, spares no effort to management.The traditional watermelon directly raw common seedling of seedling can only retain 1-2 watermelon setting, and Grafted Watermelon Seedlings of the present invention, due to the climing prosperity of root, absorbs nutrition fast, carry fruit ability strong, a common seedling can retain sub climing 6-10 bar, climing reservation one fruit of every strip, and every strain grafting retains setting 6-10 fruit.How climing many fruits are taked in the present invention's training, and this is also one of major reason of more traditional cultivating watermelon high yield.
Two, 100 mu of watermelon three seasons continuous cropping land for growing field crops seedlings graftings economize kind of a high-yield cultivating method
The present invention adopts grafting watermelon seedling in field, owing to supplying seedling fast with Miao Shengmiao, many for seedling, therefore, is particularly suitable for commerial growing, south China continuous cropping then three seasons watermelon.Culture technique main points are as follows.
1, kind is selected.Select high-quality small fruit type aspermous watermelon or the big or middle fruit type aspermous watermelon that welcome in market then to do grafting, select high-quality cucurbit to make stock.
2, site preparation and fertilization.Before winter, deep ploughing is suned the earth which has been ploughed up, and makes loosing soil, in order to heating; Early spring meticulous whole ground, base fertilizer be take Eco-fertilizer and fertilizer as main.The present invention is prosperous because of growing way, produces melon many, and base fertilizer will use sufficient.
3, cultivate scion.The present invention adopts land for growing field crops grafting, with Miao Shengmiao; Can first cultivate the scion seedling of 1 mu, for the fringe source of the required scion of later stage large area grafting.
4, cultivate stock in batches.Before mid-March, cultivate 10 mu of stocks, late March is cultivated 90 mu of stocks later successively.
5, field planting in good time.When land for growing field crops ground temperature is stabilized in more than 10 ℃, should be at Field planting stock.
6, the grafting first season.When first 10 mu of stocks enter group's phase, from 1 mu of watermelon seedling of first batch of cultivation, take scion, carry out land for growing field crops seedlings grafting; After approximately 10 days, when 90 mu of stocks of second batch enter group during phase, from these 10 mu of Grafted Watermelon Seedlings, take scion, grafting in time.Thereby reach the object with Miao Shengmiao.Grafting method is cut peg grafting method referring to side of the present invention.
7, the grafting second season.The second season stock cultivate can be when front season, watermelon be bloomed field planting between front season watermelon strain, when the second season stock enter group during phase, Grafted Watermelon Seedlings is taked scion season in the past; After the watermelon fruit picking first season, should immediately its branches and tendrils be cut off, to promote that the second season, grafting grew.
8, third quarter grafting.The third quarter is identical with watermelon seedling culturing, grafting and the cultivation method of the second season, can save a large amount of watermelon seeds equally.As 100 mu of watermelon base plantation " four children " serial improved seeds, buy seed and want one of money more than 2 yuan, by traditional autumn branches, cultivate every mu with planting 500 calculating, employing the present invention three seasons continuous cropping only watermelon seed expense can be saved more than 300,000 yuan.
9, strengthen management.The present invention, because growing way is prosperous, output is high, spare no effort to management.Cultivation management and conventional method are basic identical, specifically referring to local cultivating watermelon technology and grafting watermelon seedling in field of the present invention, economize kind of a high-yield cultivating method technical essential.
Three, the grafting of small fruit type watermelon three seasons continuous cropping booth seedlings economizes kind of a high-yield cultivating method
The present invention is at south China cultivation small fruit type fine work watermelon and gift watermelon, and benefit is very remarkable.Selecting aspermous watermelon " four children (handsome child, golden child, honey are virgin, Mo Tong) " is one of market high-quality small fruit type watermelon ideal kind in recent years.This strain feature is, plant strain growth is vigorous, and minute principal stresses is strong, and swollen melon speed is fast, fruit development period short (30-35 days), and also output is high; Pulp is strong tasty and refreshing, and color is scarlet, and sugar content is high, and gradient is little; The resistance to accumulating of fruit, shelf life is long; Fruit circle (or oval) skin green (or yellow), the heavy 1-2 kilogram of fruit, Comprehensive Traits is good.Culture technique main points are as follows:
Greenhouse cultivation, every mu of 300 strains, stock is determined furrow both sides, seedlings grafting, with Miao Shengmiao, 6 climing 6 fruits, the continuous cropping of three seasons.
The first season: early January starts sowing and cultivates cucurbit stock and watermelon scion, early Febuary land for growing field crops furrow soil field planting stock, late Febuary, early April started setting to the grafting of early March seedlings, and gather mid-May.
The second season: early April is cultivated stock, between the strain of the front stubble of stock field planting in the first tenday period of a month in May watermelon seedling, grafting mid-May, early June starts setting, and early July gathers.
The third quarter: early June is cultivated stock, before late June stock field planting between the strain of stubble watermelon seedling, early July grafting, early August setting, gather mid-September.
Claims (6)
1. the grafting of watermelon seedlings economizes kind of a high-yield cultivating method, it is characterized in that comprising seedlings grafting, with Miao Shengmiao, how climing many fruits, continuous cropping four production stages of changing crops; The grafting method of wherein said seedlings grafting is: when stock grows up to seedlings, enter group during phase, stock and watermelon scion are carried out to grafting.
2. a kind of watermelon seedlings grafting according to claim 1 economizes kind of a high-yield cultivating method, the grafting method that it is characterized in that described seedlings grafting is to adopt side to cut peg grafting method: will grow up to stock hollow in seedlings stem, first use the parallel cut-out stock of blade stem climing, at the hollow circumference internal diameter in the climing cross section of stem to vertical cut 2-4 centimetre under a side direction of external diameter, being whittled in the joint-cutting of scion quick insertion stock of corresponding two-sided wedge shape close contact mutually, use film bundling again.
3. a kind of watermelon seedlings grafting according to claim 1 economizes kind of a high-yield cultivating method, and the cultivation method with Miao Shengmiao described in it is characterized in that is: the scion of first batch of Grafted Watermelon Seedlings is first taked from the improved seeds watermelon seedling of a small amount of cultivation in early stage; When first batch of Grafted Watermelon Seedlings or front stubble Grafted Watermelon Seedlings are sent out climing, the required scion of later stock grafting from this first batch of Grafted Watermelon Seedlings or take in the stubble Grafted Watermelon Seedlings lateral bine of growing; The stock that is about to the group's of entering phase is cut the grafting of peg grafting method with the scion of adopting with side; So scion is constantly changed crops and is made new advances, and circulation grafting, with Miao Shengmiao, can save watermelon seed consumption in a large number.
4. a kind of watermelon seedlings grafting according to claim 1 economizes kind of a high-yield cultivating method, it is characterized in that the cultivation method of described how climing many fruits is: Grafted Watermelon Seedlings field planting is in the mutual isologue of both sides of edges of furrow; When Grafted Watermelon Seedlings grows to 5-10 leaf, carry out pinching, promote send out sub climing morning; During training, retain sub climing 5-10 bar, climing reservation one fruit of every strip, every strain grafting retains setting 5-10 fruit, and after setting, the branches and tendrils of supervention are retained.
5. a kind of watermelon seedlings grafting according to claim 1 economizes kind of a high-yield cultivating method, it is characterized in that the cultivation method that described continuous cropping is changed crops is: when the first season, Grafted Watermelon started to bloom in land for growing field crops then, the stock second season is cultivated in sowing immediately; Before the first season, watermelon was gathered 10 days by the stock field planting second season between the strain in watermelon first season land for growing field crops; When the second season stock enter group a phase, take the watermelon scion grafting first season; Every current season, watermelon cut off its branches and tendrils after adopting immediately; Cross after 20 days, when the second season watermelon enter setting during the phase, before imitating, third place method is set about the stock of the third quarter and is cultivated and grafting cultivation; Cultivation is changed crops in this method continuous cropping can be according to 1 year continuous cropping 2-3 season of local condition.
6. the grafting of gourd vegetable crop seedlings economizes kind of a high-yield cultivating method, and the grafting method that it is characterized in that described seedlings grafting is to enter while rolling into a ball phase when stock grows up to seedlings, and stock and scion are carried out to grafting; Described grafting method adopts side to cut peg grafting method conventionally; It is watermelon crop that described gourd vegetable crop is not limited to, and can also be gourd vegetable crop and the herbaceous plant of similar watermelon crop, as muskmelon, Hami melon, pumpkin, bottle gourd, wax gourd, cucumber, sponge gourd, chocho, tomato etc.; Stock and corresponding culture technique that described gourd vegetable crop grafting is selected must match with it.
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| CN110786158A (en) * | 2019-04-20 | 2020-02-14 | 福建省龙岩市林业种苗站 | Rice raft grafting method |
| CN111108933A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-05-08 | 上海曹野农业发展有限公司 | Cultivation method of ornamental pumpkin complex |
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