CN103717555A - 由芳族羧酸和/或芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物制备芳族烃的方法 - Google Patents

由芳族羧酸和/或芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物制备芳族烃的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103717555A
CN103717555A CN201280037568.XA CN201280037568A CN103717555A CN 103717555 A CN103717555 A CN 103717555A CN 201280037568 A CN201280037568 A CN 201280037568A CN 103717555 A CN103717555 A CN 103717555A
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carboxylic acid
aromatic hydrocarbon
catalyzer
aromatic carboxylic
product
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Inventor
李相日
金度完
李赫在
吴尚勋
高在玄
崔先
吴承勋
林炳秀
金容昇
金庆錄
朴永武
李钟受
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SK Innovation Co Ltd
SK Geo Centric Co Ltd
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SK Innovation Co Ltd
SK Global Chemical Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种在催化剂的存在下在高温和高氢压的条件下,利用加氢处理由芳族羧酸和/或芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物来制备芳族烃化合物的方法,并且涉及一种在该方法中使用的加氢处理催化剂。

Description

由芳族羧酸和/或芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物制备芳族烃的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在催化剂的存在下在高温和高氢压的条件下,利用加氢处理由芳族羧酸和/或芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物来制备芳族烃(例如,苯、甲苯、二甲苯、具有9个或更多个碳原子的芳族烃(在下文称为C9+芳族烃)、等等)的方法。
背景技术
芳族酸用于制备合成纤维、合成树脂、增塑剂或精细化学品。虽然部分氧化法被用来由对二甲苯制备对苯二甲酸、由间二甲苯制备间苯二甲酸、由邻二甲苯制备邻苯二甲酸或其酸酐、以及由甲苯制备苯甲酸,但是部分氧化法除了生成芳族酸之外还生成各种固体副产物(包括副产品),这些副产物没有适当的用途而主要被处理掉。这种部分氧化法的副产物包括未反应的反应物、反应中间体、或少量的产物,例如甲苯甲醛(TAD)、苯甲酸(BZA)、甲苯甲酸(TA)、羧基苯甲醛(CBA)、邻苯二甲酸(PA)、间苯二甲酸(IPA)、对苯二甲酸(TPA)、等等。
芳族羧酸烷基酯是通过使芳族羧酸与醇进行酯化反应而制备的。具体而言,与甲醇的反应能够使对苯二甲酸转变为对苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMT)、使间苯二甲酸转变为间苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMIP)、使邻苯二甲酸转变为邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、以及使苯甲酸转变为苯甲酸甲酯(MBZ)。
在制备芳族羧酸烷基酯的过程中会生成杂质,所述杂质包括反应中间体或副产品,必须进行纯化以除去这些杂质。在这种情况下,会产生大量的副产物。这种酯化反应的副产物包括未反应的反应物、副产品、反应中间体、或少量的产物,例如二甲苯(Xyl)、苯甲酸甲酯(MBZ)、甲基苯甲酸甲酯(MT)、苯酚、甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯(MFB)、DMT、DMIP、DMP、等等。这些反应副产物没有适当的用途而主要被丢弃。
发明内容
技术问题
因此,在注意到相关领域中存在的上述问题的情况下做出了本发明,本发明的目的是:通过在催化剂的存在下在高温和高氢压的条件下,对芳族羧酸和/或芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物进行加氢处理来提供生产芳族烃(例如,苯、甲苯、二甲苯、C9+芳族烃、等等)。
技术方案
在本文中,副产物包括在芳族羧酸和/或芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺中产生的未反应的反应物、副产品、反应物、以及少量的产物。此外,这些副产物中的大部分都被作为废料丢弃,因此可以认为这些副产物包括废料。
本发明提供了一种在加氢处理催化剂的存在下在高温和高氢压的条件下,利用加氢脱氧、脱羧基或氢化裂解由芳族羧酸和/或芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物来制备芳族烃的方法,本发明还提供了在该方法中使用的加氢催化剂。该方法可以以分批方式或连续方式进行,下文将对本发明进行更全面的描述。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,所述方法可以包括:a)准备芳族羧酸和/或芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物;以及b)在加氢处理催化剂的存在下将所述副产物转化为芳族烃,由此获得包含芳族烃的产物。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,所述方法可以还包括:c)将在b)中获得的产物分离成液体芳族烃、气体组分和水。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,所述方法可以还包括:d)将在c)中获得的液体芳族烃分离成苯、甲苯、二甲苯、以及C9+芳族烃化合物。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,所述方法可以还包括:e)将在c)中获得的一部分的所述液体芳族烃、气体组分或者已经除去杂质的气体组分中的氢气再循环至a),以与所述副产物混合。根据本发明的一个实施方案,所述方法可以还包括:f)将在d)中获得的芳族烃的一部分再循环至a),以与所述副产物混合。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,所述芳族羧酸和/或芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物可以包含芳族化合物,所述芳族化合物中的苯环具有含烃或氧的取代基,所述取代基可以是烷基、醛基、羧基、酯基、羟基或烷氧基。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,所述芳族羧酸可以是对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、及其酸酐、或苯甲酸;所述芳族羧酸烷基酯可以是对苯二甲酸二甲酯、间苯二甲酸二甲酯或邻苯二甲酸二甲酯。进一步而言,所述芳族羧酸可以是对苯二甲酸,所述芳族羧酸烷基酯可以是对苯二甲酸二甲酯。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,在制备芳族羧酸和/或芳族羧酸烷基酯时,可能存在未反应的反应物、副产品、反应中间体或少量的产物,例如甲苯甲醛(TAD)、苯甲酸(BZA)、甲苯甲酸(TA)、羧基苯甲醛(CBA)、邻苯二甲酸(PA)、间苯二甲酸(IPA)、对苯二甲酸(TPA)、二甲苯(Xyl)、苯甲酸甲酯(MBZ)、甲基苯甲酸甲酯(MT)、苯酚、甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯(MFB)、对苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMT)、间苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMIP)、或邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DP),这些副产物通常由以下化学式1表示。
化学式1
[化学式1]
Figure BDA0000463004650000031
(其中,R1、R2或R3是H、CH3、CHO、COOH、COOCH3、OH、OR或CH2OH)
根据本发明的一个实施方案,所述芳族羧酸和/或芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物可以在加氢处理催化剂和氢气的存在下在高温和高氢压的条件下发生反应,由此生成芳族烃,例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、C9+芳族烃等。其典型的反应方案如下所示。
[方案]
Figure BDA0000463004650000041
下文将参照图1和图2对本发明的示例性实施方案进行描述。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,在加氢处理催化剂的存在下,利用加氢脱氧、脱羧基或氢化裂解将芳族羧酸和/或芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物转化成芳族烃。可以利用气/液分离和油/水分离将所得的产物分离成液体芳族烃、气体组分和水。利用气/液分离将所述气体组分分离出来,利用油/水分离将水和液体芳族烃分离。可以仅将所述副产物添加至加氢处理反应器中。在一些情况中,为了便于添加副产物以及缓解在加氢处理过程中产生的反应热,可以将一部分所生成的液体芳族烃或未反应的反应物再循环至所述反应器的入口,从而使之与所述副产物混合。此外,除了所生成的液体芳族烃之外,还可以使用链烷烃、环烷烃或芳族烃化合物(例如乙苯、十六烷、环己烷等)作为反应溶剂。分离出的气体组分包含大量的氢气,因此,如果需要的话可以将其再循环至所述反应器的入口。在这种情况下,将所述气体组分中的杂质除去以确保加氢处理反应顺利进行,并且可以将氢气再循环至所述反应器的入口以与副产物混合。
可以将分离出的液体芳族烃进一步分离成苯、甲苯、二甲苯、和C9+芳族烃。为此目的,可以使用蒸馏等,也可以使用本领域已知的各种分离方法。此外,可以将从液体芳族烃中分离出来的芳族烃的一部分再循环至所述反应器的入口以与副产物混合。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,可以在150℃至500℃的反应温度以及1kgf/cm2至300kgf/cm2的反应压力下进行加氢处理。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,加氢处理催化剂可以在未被负载的情况下使用,或者可以通过将金属组分负载在载体(例如无机氧化物或碳)上而以负载催化剂的形式提供。无机氧化物可以是选自二氧化硅、氧化铝、二氧化硅-氧化铝、氧化锆、二氧化钛、磷酸铝、氧化铌(niobia)、粘土和沸石中的一者或多者。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,用于加氢处理反应中的催化剂可以包括一种或多种这样的金属,所述金属选自由元素周期表中共计18族中的第6族、第7族、第8族、第9族、第10族和第11族的金属构成的组。金属组分可以是选自由Cr、Mo、W、Ru、Co、Rh、Ni、Pd、Pt、Cu和Fe构成的组中的一者或多者。此外,金属可以是选自由Mo、W、Fe、Ru、Co、Ni和Cu构成的组中的一者或多者。此外,为了保持反应活性,加氢处理催化剂可以以上述金属的形式或者以其硫化物、磷化物或氧化物的形式提供。
本发明的有益效果
根据本发明,目前被处理掉的芳族羧酸和/或芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物能够被转化为能用于多种最终用途的芳族烃。此外,在将资源循环再利用和解决环境污染问题方面,本发明也是有利的。
附图说明
图1示意性地示例了副产物的加氢处理以及将生成的芳族烃、气体组分(包含氢气)和水分离,从而制备得到芳族烃混合物;以及
图2示意性地示例了通过使用烃分离单元将图1中的流体4的芳族烃混合物进一步分离成苯、甲苯、二甲苯和C9+芳族烃,或者将部分产物再循环至反应器。
具体实施方式
下文详细描述图1和图2。
如图1所示,将氢气(流体1)和副产物自身或者所述副产物和溶剂的混合物(流体2)供给至反应器中,为了保持反应活性,还可以供给硫化合物,这取决于催化剂的类型。从加氢处理反应获得的混合物由不含氧的芳族烃、包含氢气的气体组分和水组成。将这样的混合物(流体3)供给至气/液和油/水分离单元,由此获得为流体5的气体组分、为流体6的水(其将被除去)、以及为流体4的芳族烃产物(主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成)。为了便于添加副产物和缓解在加氢处理反应中产生的反应热,可以经由流体7将一部分所生成的芳族烃再循环。此外,流体5的气体组分包含大量的氢气,因此其可被再次供给至流体1。在这种情况下,可以在除去氢气中的杂质之后进行氢气的供给,以便顺利地进行加氢处理反应。如图2所示,将图1中流体4的芳族烃混合物供给至烃分离单元,由此可利用蒸馏等将其分离成苯、甲苯、二甲苯和C9+芳族烃(流体8)。根据需要,可以经由流体7或9将流体4或8中的一部分产物再循环至反应器。
下文将通过以下例子对本发明进行更全面的描述,但本发明并不限于这些例子。
实施例1
将20重量%(wt%)的芳族羧酸制备工艺的副产物(主要由BZA(21.4%)、TAD(41.4%)、CBA(8.3%)和IPA(23.2%)组成)与乙苯混合,此后,将0.1wt%的二甲二硫化物添加至其中,由此准备了反应物,随后以0.5㏄/min的速率将所述反应物供给至填充有5㏄的NiMoS/ZrO2催化剂的固定床连续反应器中。这样,在300℃的反应温度、30atm的氢压和H2=50㏄/min的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
制备NiMo/ZrO 2 催化剂
通过以下方式制备该催化剂:将约10wt%的Mo和约3wt%的Ni负载到直径为1mm的二氧化锆载体上。具体而言,用溶于蒸馏水中的四水合七钼酸铵(AHM)的水溶液浸渍所述二氧化锆载体,在150℃下将所得的二氧化锆载体干燥2小时,随后在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到MoO3/ZrO2。此后,用六水合硝酸镍(NNH)在蒸馏水中的溶液浸渍MoO3/ZrO2催化剂,在150℃下将所得的MoO3/ZrO2催化剂干燥2小时,随后在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到NiMo/ZrO2催化剂。
Mo前体的例子不仅包括AHM,还包括乙酸钼、氯化钼、六羰钼、磷钼酸、钼酸等,同样,Ni前体可以以多种形式提供,本发明并不限于此。
催化剂的硫化
将5cc的如上制备的催化剂装填到固定床连续反应器中,在室温和45atm的反应压力下以16㏄/min的速率供应H2流并以0.1㏄/min的速率供应添加有5wt%的二甲二硫化物的十六烷物料流,同时加热至320℃,随后在350℃下预处理3小时。
在催化剂的硫化中可以使用各种硫化合物,本发明并未将硫化试剂局限于二甲二硫化物。此外,虽然使用十六烷作为溶剂与硫化合物混合,但是本发明并不限于此。
实施例2
将20wt%的芳族羧酸制备工艺的副产物(主要由BZA(21.4%)、TAD(41.4%)、CBA(8.3%)和IPA(23.2%)组成)与乙苯混合,此后,将0.1wt%的二甲二硫化物添加至其中,由此准备了反应物,随后以0.5㏄/min的速率将所述反应物供给至填充有5㏄的CoMoS/TiO2催化剂的固定床连续反应器中。这样,在300℃的反应温度、30atm的氢压和H2=50㏄/min的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
CoMo/TiO 2 催化剂的制备和硫化
通过以下方式制备该催化剂:将约10wt%的Mo和约3wt%的Co负载到直径为1mm的二氧化钛载体上。具体而言,用溶于蒸馏水中的AHM的水溶液浸渍所述二氧化钛载体,在150℃下将所得的二氧化钛载体干燥2小时,随后在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到MoO3/TiO2
此后,用六水合硝酸钴(CNH)在蒸馏水中的溶液浸渍MoO3/TiO2催化剂,在150℃下将所得的MoO3/TiO2催化剂干燥2小时,随后在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到CoMo/TiO2催化剂。在与实施例1相同的条件下将该催化剂硫化,然后进行所述反应试验。
实施例3
将20wt%的芳族羧酸和/或芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物混合物(主要由MBZ(19.5%)、TAD(37.7%)、CBA(7.5%)、IPA(21.1%)、MBZ(1.1%)、MT(1.7%)、MFB(5.0%)和DMT(0.9%)组成)溶于乙苯,此后,将0.1wt%的二甲二硫化物添加至其中,由此准备了反应物,随后以0.5㏄/min的速率将所述反应物供给至填充有5㏄的NiMoP/Al2O3催化剂的固定床连续反应器中。这样,在280℃的反应温度、50atm的反应压力和H2=50㏄/min的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
NiMoP/Al 2 O 3 催化剂的制备和硫化
用H3PO4水溶液浸渍直径为1mm的氧化铝,在500℃下将所得的氧化铝煅烧2小时,后续步骤按照与实施例1相同的方式进行,由此制备得到催化剂,其包含约15wt%的Mo、约4wt%的Ni以及约3wt%的P,随后将所述催化剂硫化。就P而言,可以使用各种各样的前体。
实施例4
将20wt%的芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物(主要由MBZ(1.3%)、MT(10.0%)、MFB(73.0%)和DMT(12.8%)组成)溶于乙苯,此后,将0.1wt%的二甲二硫化物添加至其中,由此准备了反应物,随后以0.5㏄/min的速率将所述反应物供给至填充有5㏄的CoMoS/AlPO4催化剂的固定床连续反应器中。这样,在300℃的反应温度、30atm的反应压力和H2=50㏄/min的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
CoMo/AlPO 4 催化剂的制备和硫化
按照与实施例2相同的方式制备和硫化该催化剂,不同之处在于使用直径为1mm的磷酸铝作为载体。
实施例5
将20wt%的芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物(主要由MBZ(11.9%)、MT(18.7%)、MFB(54.8%)和DMT(9.6%)组成)溶于乙苯,此后,将0.1wt%的二甲二硫化物添加至其中,由此准备了反应物,随后以0.5㏄/min的速率将所述反应物供给至填充有5㏄的NiWS/Nb2O5催化剂的固定床连续反应器中。这样,在300℃的反应温度、30atm的反应压力和H2=50㏄/min的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
NiWS/Nb 2 O 5 催化剂的制备和硫化
通过以下方式制备该催化剂:将约15wt%的W和约3wt%的Ni负载到直径为1mm的氧化铌载体上。具体而言,用溶于蒸馏水的偏钨酸铵水合物(AMT)的水溶液浸渍氧化铌载体,在150℃下将所得的氧化铌载体干燥2小时,随后在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到WO3/Nb2O5
用NNH在蒸馏水中的溶液浸渍WO3/Nb2O5催化剂,在150℃下将所得的催化剂干燥2小时,并在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到NiW/Nb2O5催化剂,随后按照与实施例1相同的方式将该催化剂硫化。
实施例6
将20wt%的芳族羧酸和/或芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物混合物(主要由MBZ(19.5%)、TAD(37.7%)、CBA(7.5%)、IPA(21.1%)、MBZ(1.1%)、MT(1.7%)、MFB(5.0%)和DMT(0.9%)组成)与乙苯混合,此后,将0.1wt%的二甲二硫化物添加至其中,由此准备了反应物,随后以0.5㏄/min的速率将所述反应物供给至填充有5㏄的CuMoS/Al2O3催化剂的固定床连续反应器中。这样,在330℃的反应温度、30atm的氢压和H2=50㏄/min的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
CuMo/Al 2 O 3 催化剂的制备和硫化
通过以下方式制备该催化剂:将约10wt%的Mo和约3wt%的Co负载到直径为1mm的氧化铝载体上。具体而言,用溶于蒸馏水的AHM的水溶液浸渍氧化铝载体,在150℃下将所得的氧化铝载体干燥2小时,随后在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到MoO3/Al2O3
用硝酸铜水合物在蒸馏水中的溶液浸渍MoO3/Al2O3催化剂,在150℃下将所得的催化剂干燥2小时,并在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到CuMo/Al2O3催化剂,随后按照与实施例1相同的方式将该催化剂硫化,然后进行所述反应试验。
实施例7
向芳族羧酸和/或芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物混合物(主要由MBZ(8.7%)、TAD(15.0%)、CBA(4.1)、IPA(11.6%)、MBZ(21.5%)、MT(23.0%)、MFB(10.0%)和DMT(5.0%)组成)添加0.5wt%的二甲二硫化物,由此准备了10g反应物,随后将该反应物连同50g十六烷、1.5g具有100目或更小尺寸的NiMoS/SiO2催化剂和氢气一起供给至间歇式反应器中。这样,在320℃的反应温度、55atm的反应压力和6小时反应时间的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
NiMo/SiO 2 催化剂的制备和预处理
按照与实施例1相同的方式制备和硫化该催化剂,不同之处在于使用二氧化硅,而不使用氧化锆。将所得的催化剂研磨成尺寸为100目或更小。
实施例1-7的液体反应产物的组成及其量(单位:%)在以下表1中列出(用作混合溶剂的乙苯未示出)。
表1
[表1]
甲苯 二甲苯 C9+芳族化合物 其他
实施例1 5.1 36.1 49.7 7.8 1.3
实施例2 3.9 36.7 51.2 6.6 1.6
实施例3 4.8 35.7 50.7 7.4 1.4
实施例4 1.4 30.4 64.4 2.3 1.5
实施例5 2.3 31.8 60.7 3.7 1.5
实施例6 5.2 36.9 49.3 6.9 1.7
实施例7 23.5 48.0 27.5 0.2 0.8
实施例8
将20wt%的芳族羧酸制备工艺的副产物(主要由BZA(21.4%)、TAD(41.4%)、CBA(8.3%)和IPA(23.2%)组成)与十六烷混合,此后向其中添加0.1wt%的二甲二硫化物,由此准备了反应物,随后以0.3㏄/min的速率将该反应物供给至填充有3㏄的Ni2P/TiO2催化剂的固定床连续反应器。这样,在330℃的反应温度、30atm的反应压力和H2=50㏄/min的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
Ni 2 P/TiO 2 催化剂的制备
通过以下方式制备该催化剂:将约6wt%的Ni和约4wt%的P负载到直径为1mm的二氧化钛载体上。具体而言,用NNH与磷酸铵(AP)在蒸馏水中的水溶液浸渍二氧化钛载体,在150℃下将所得的二氧化钛载体干燥2小时,随后在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到Ni2P/TiO2。本发明并未将Ni和P金属前体局限于上述前体。
催化剂的预处理
将5cc如上制备的催化剂装填到柱状反应器中,在室温和30atm的反应压力下以200㏄/min的速率供应H2流,同时加热至600℃,随后在600℃下预处理2小时。
实施例9
将20wt%的芳族羧酸和/或芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物混合物(主要由MBZ(19.5%)、TAD(37.7%)、CBA(7.5%)、IPA(21.1%)、MBZ(1.1%)、MT(1.7%)、MFB(5.0%)和DMT(0.9%)组成)与十六烷混合,此后向其中添加0.1wt%的二甲二硫化物,由此准备了反应物,随后以0.3㏄/min的速率将该反应物供给至填充有5㏄的Co2P/SiO2·Al2O3催化剂的固定床连续反应器中。这样,在350℃的反应温度、25atm的反应压力和H2=30㏄/min的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
Co 2 P/SiO 2 ·Al 2 O 3 催化剂的制备和预处理
通过以下方式制备该催化剂:将约6wt%的Co和约4wt%的P负载到直径为1mm的二氧化硅-氧化铝载体上。具体而言,用CNH与AP在蒸馏水中的水溶液浸渍二氧化硅-氧化铝载体,在150℃下将所得的二氧化硅-氧化铝载体干燥2小时,随后在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到Co2P/SiO2·Al2O3。在与实施例8相同的条件下对所制备的催化剂进行预处理和反应,不同之处在于预处理温度为700℃。本发明并未将Co和P金属前体局限于上述前体。
实施例10
将20wt%的芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物(主要由MBZ(11.9%)、MT(18.7%)、MFB(54.8%)和DMT(9.6%)组成)与十六烷混合,此后向其中添加0.1wt%的二甲二硫化物,由此准备了反应物,随后以0.2㏄/min的速率将该反应物添加至填充有5㏄的Fe2P/TiO2催化剂的固定床连续反应器中。这样,在350℃的反应温度、40atm的反应压力和H2=20㏄/min的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
Fe 2 P/TiO 2 催化剂的制备和预处理
通过以下方式制备该催化剂:将约7wt%的Fe和约4wt%的P负载到直径为1mm的二氧化钛载体上。具体而言,用硝酸铁(III)与AP在蒸馏水中的水溶液浸渍二氧化钛载体,在150℃下将所得的二氧化钛载体干燥2小时,随后在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到Fe2P/TiO2。在与实施例9相同的条件下对所制备的催化剂进行预处理和反应。本发明并未将Fe和P前体局限于上述前体。
实施例11
将20wt%的芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物(主要由MBZ(11.9%)、MT(18.7%)、MFB(54.8%)和DMT(9.6%)组成)与十六烷混合,此后向其中添加0.1wt%的二甲二硫化物,由此准备了反应物,随后以0.2㏄/min的速率将该反应物添加至填充有5㏄的WP/SiO2催化剂的固定床连续反应器中。这样,在350℃的反应温度、30atm的反应压力和H2=20㏄/min的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
WP/SiO 2 催化剂的制备
通过以下方式制备该催化剂:将约8wt%的W和约3wt%的P负载到直径为1mm的二氧化硅载体上。具体而言,用AMT与AP在蒸馏水中的水溶液浸渍二氧化硅载体,在150℃下将所得的二氧化硅载体干燥2小时,随后在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到WP/SiO2。在与实施例8相同的条件下对所制备的催化剂进行预处理和反应。本发明并未将W和P前体局限于上述前体。
实施例12
将20wt%的芳族羧酸制备工艺的副产物(主要由BZA(21.4%)、TAD(41.4%)、CBA(8.3%)和IPA(23.2%)组成)与十六烷混合,此后向其中添加0.1wt%的二甲二硫化物,由此准备了反应物,随后以0.3㏄/min的速率将该反应物添加至填充有5㏄的MoP/ZrO2催化剂的固定床连续反应器中。这样,在340℃的反应温度、30atm的反应压力和H2=30㏄/min的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
MoP/ZrO 2 催化剂的制备
通过以下方式制备该催化剂:将约7wt%的Mo和约4wt%的P负载到直径为1mm的氧化锆载体上。具体而言,用AP与AHM在蒸馏水中的水溶液浸渍氧化锆载体,在150℃下将所得的氧化锆载体干燥2小时,随后在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到MoP/ZrO2。在与实施例8相同的条件下对所制备的催化剂进行预处理和反应。本发明并未将Mo和P前体局限于上述前体。
实施例8-12的液体反应产物的组成及其量(单位:%)在以下表2中列出(用作混合溶剂的十六烷未示出)。
表2
[表2]
甲苯 二甲苯 C9+芳族化合物 其他
实施例8 7.2 51.2 34.2 5.2 2.2
实施例9 5.6 37.4 46.6 8.2 2.2
实施例10 2.0 32.6 59.2 4.6 1.6
实施例11 2.6 32.1 60.2 2.6 2.5
实施例12 9.0 39.0 42.1 6.8 3.1
实施例13
将10g的芳族羧酸制备工艺的副产物(主要由BZA(21.4%)、TAD(41.4%)、CBA(8.3%)和IPA(23.2%)组成)、50g十六烷、1.0g非负载型MoS2催化剂以及氢气供给至间歇式反应器中,随后在320℃的反应温度、55atm的反应压力和8hr反应时间的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
非负载型MoS 2 催化剂的制备
将5g四硫钼酸铵和50g十六烷供给至间歇式反应器中,此后,在室温和30atm下向其中供应H2(包含10%的H2S),将所得混合物加热至330℃,随后使之在该温度下静置3小时。本发明的Mo前体的例子不仅包括四硫钼酸铵,还包括多种多样的Mo前体,本发明并不限于此。
实施例14
将20wt%的芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物(主要由MBZ(43.5%)和MT(44.9%)组成)溶于十六烷,此后向其中添加0.1wt%的二甲二硫化物,由此准备了反应物,随后以0.2cc/min的速率将所述反应物供给至填充有5cc的MoS2/Al2O3催化剂的固定床连续反应器中。这样,在350℃的反应温度、30atm的反应压力和H2=20cc/min的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
MoS 2 /Al 2 O 3 催化剂的制备和硫化
通过以下方式制备该催化剂:将约15wt%的Mo负载到直径为1mm的氧化铝载体上。具体而言,用AHM在蒸馏水中的水溶液浸渍氧化铝载体,在150℃下将所得的氧化铝载体干燥2小时,随后在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到MoO3/Al2O3。按照与实施例1相同的方式将所制备的催化剂硫化,不同之处在于硫化温度为350℃。
实施例15
将20wt%的芳族羧酸和/或芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物混合物(主要由MBZ(19.5%)、TAD(37.7%)、CBA(7.5%)、IPA(21.1%)、MBZ(1.1%)、MT(1.7%)、MFB(5.0%)和DMT(0.9%)组成)与乙苯混合,此后向其中添加0.5wt%的二甲二硫化物,由此准备了反应物,随后以0.5㏄/min的速率将所述反应物供给至填充有5㏄的RuS/碳催化剂的固定床连续反应器中。这样,在330℃的反应温度、30atm的反应压力和H2=60㏄/min的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
Ru/碳催化剂的制备
通过以下方式制备该催化剂:将约7wt%的Ru负载到直径为1mm的碳载体上。具体而言,用氯化钌(III)在蒸馏水中的水溶液浸渍碳载体,在150℃下将所得的碳载体持续干燥6小时,由此制备得到Ru/碳催化剂。Ru前体并不限于氯化钌(III),在本发明中可以使用各种Ru前体。
催化剂的硫化
将5cc的如上制备的催化剂装填至固定床连续反应器中,在室温和45atm的反应压力下以16㏄/min(H2S10mol%)的速率供应H2流,同时加热至350℃,随后在350℃下预处理3小时。
实施例16
将20wt%的芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物(主要由MBZ(11.9%)、MT(18.7%)、MFB(54.8%)和DMT(9.6%)组成)溶于乙苯,此后向其中添加0.5wt%的二甲二硫化物,由此准备了反应物,随后以0.2㏄/min的速率将所述反应物供给至填充有5㏄的FeS/粘土催化剂的固定床连续反应器中。这样,在350℃的反应温度、40atm的反应压力和H2=20㏄/min的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
Fe/粘土催化剂的制备和硫化
该催化剂是通过以下方式制备的:将约10wt%的Fe负载到直径为1mm的粘土载体上。具体而言,用硝酸铁(III)在蒸馏水中的水溶液浸渍所述粘土载体,将所得的粘土载体在150℃下干燥2小时,并在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到Fe/粘土催化剂,随后按照与实施例15相同的方式将该催化剂硫化。所用的粘土为蒙脱土,但粘土和Fe前体并不限于此。
实施例17
将20wt%的芳族羧酸制备工艺的副产物(主要由BZA(21.4%)、TAD(41.4%)、CBA(8.3%)和IPA(23.2%)组成)与乙苯混合,此后向其中添加0.5wt%的二甲二硫化物,由此准备了反应物,随后以0.3㏄/min的速率将所述反应物供给至填充有5㏄的NiS/Al2O3催化剂的固定床连续反应器中。这样,在350℃的反应温度、30atm的反应压力和H2=30㏄/min的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
Ni/Al 2 O 3 催化剂的制备和硫化
该催化剂是通过以下方式制备的:将约10wt%的Ni负载到直径为1mm的氧化铝载体上。具体而言,用NNH在蒸馏水中的水溶液浸渍所述氧化铝载体,将所得的氧化铝载体在150℃下干燥2小时,并在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到Ni/Al2O3催化剂,随后按照与实施例15相同的方式将该催化剂硫化。所述的Ni前体并不限于NNH,在本发明中可以使用各种Ni前体。
实施例18
将20wt%的芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物(主要由MBZ(11.9%)、MT(18.7%)、MFB(54.8%)和DMT(9.6%)组成)溶于乙苯,此后向其中添加0.3wt%的二甲二硫化物,由此准备了反应物,随后以0.3㏄/min的速率将所述反应物供给至填充有5㏄的ReS/沸石催化剂的固定床连续反应器中。这样,在320℃的反应温度、20atm的反应压力和H2=30㏄/min的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
Re/沸石催化剂的制备和硫化
该催化剂是通过以下方式制备的:将约5wt%的Re负载到直径为1mm的沸石载体上。具体而言,用高铼酸铵在蒸馏水中的水溶液浸渍所述沸石载体,将所得的沸石载体在150℃下干燥2小时,并在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到Re/沸石催化剂,随后按照与实施例15相同的方式将该催化剂硫化。在此所用的沸石是ZSM-5,但沸石和Re前体并不限于此。
实施例19
将20wt%的芳族羧酸制备工艺的副产物(主要由BZA(21.4%)、TAD(41.4%)、CBA(8.3%)和IPA(23.2%)组成)与乙苯混合,此后向其中添加0.5wt%的二甲二硫化物,由此准备了反应物,随后以0.2㏄/min的速率将所述反应物供给至填充有5㏄的CoS/ZrO2催化剂的固定床连续反应器中。这样,在350℃的反应温度、30atm的反应压力和H2=20㏄/min的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
Co/ZrO 2 催化剂的制备和硫化
该催化剂是通过以下方式制备的:将约10wt%的Co负载到直径为1mm的氧化锆载体上。具体而言,用CNH在蒸馏水中的水溶液浸渍所述氧化锆载体,将所得的氧化锆载体在150℃下干燥2小时,并在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到Co/ZrO2催化剂,随后按照与实施例15相同的方式将该催化剂硫化。所述的Co前体并不限于CNH,在本发明中可以使用各种Co前体。
实施例20
将20wt%的芳族羧酸和/或芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物混合物(主要由MBZ(19.5%)、TAD(37.7%)、CBA(7.5%)、IPA(21.1%)、MBZ(1.1%)、MT(1.7%)、MFB(5.0%)和DMT(0.9%)组成)与乙苯混合,此后向其中添加0.5wt%的二甲二硫化物,由此准备了反应物,随后以0.3㏄/min的速率将所述反应物供给至填充有5㏄的WS2/TiO2催化剂的固定床连续反应器中。这样,在340℃的反应温度、30atm的反应压力和H2=30㏄/min的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
WS 2 /TiO 2 催化剂的制备和硫化
该催化剂是通过以下方式制备的:将约15wt%的W负载到直径为1mm的二氧化钛载体上。具体而言,用AMT在蒸馏水中的水溶液浸渍所述二氧化钛载体,将所得的二氧化钛载体在150℃下干燥2小时,并在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到WoO3/TiO2,随后按照与实施例14相同的方式将其硫化。
所述的W前体并不限于AMT,在本发明中可以使用各种W前体。
实施例21
将20wt%的芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物(主要由MBZ(11.9%)、MT(18.7%)、MFB(54.8%)和DMT(9.6%)组成)溶于乙苯,此后向其中添加0.5wt%的二甲二硫化物,由此准备了反应物,随后以0.3㏄/min的速率将所述反应物供给至填充有5㏄的PtS/SiO2催化剂的固定床连续反应器中。这样,在340℃的反应温度、30atm的反应压力和H2=30㏄/min的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
PtS/SiO 2 催化剂的制备
该催化剂是通过以下方式制备的:将约5wt%的Pt负载到直径为1mm的二氧化硅载体上。具体而言,用氯铂酸在蒸馏水中的水溶液浸渍所述二氧化硅载体,将所得的二氧化硅载体在150℃下干燥2小时,并在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到Pt/SiO2,随后按照与实施例15相同的方式将其硫化。
所述的Pt前体并不限于氯铂酸,在本发明中可以使用各种Pt前体。
实施例22
将20wt%的芳族羧酸和/或芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物混合物(主要由MBZ(19.5%)、TAD(37.7%)、CBA(7.5%)、IPA(21.1%)、MBZ(1.1%)、MT(1.7%)、MFB(5.0%)和DMT(0.9%)组成)溶于乙苯,此后向其中添加0.3wt%的二甲二硫化物,由此准备了反应物,随后以0.3㏄/min的速率将所述反应物供给至填充有5㏄的PdS/Al2O3催化剂的固定床连续反应器中。这样,在350℃的反应温度、30atm的反应压力和H2=30㏄/min的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
PdS/Al 2 O 3 催化剂的制备
该催化剂是通过以下方式制备的:将约10wt%的Pd负载到直径为1mm的氧化铝载体上。具体而言,用氯化钯在蒸馏水中的水溶液浸渍所述氧化铝载体,将所述氧化铝载体在150℃下干燥2小时,并在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到Pd/Al2O3,随后按照与实施例15相同的方式将其硫化。
所述的Pd前体并不限于氯化钯,在本发明中可以使用各种Pd前体。
实施例23
将20wt%的芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物(主要由MBZ(11.9%)、MT(18.7%)、MFB(54.8%)和DMT(9.6%)组成)溶于乙苯,此后向其中添加0.1wt%的二甲二硫化物,由此准备了反应物,随后以0.3㏄/min的速率将所述反应物供给至填充有5㏄的RhS/ZrO2催化剂的固定床连续反应器中。这样,在300℃的反应温度、20atm的反应压力和H2=30㏄/min的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
RhS/ZrO 2 催化剂的制备
该催化剂是通过以下方式制备的:将约10wt%的Rh负载到直径为1mm的氧化锆载体上。具体而言,用氯化铑(III)在蒸馏水中的水溶液浸渍所述氧化锆载体,将所述氧化锆载体在150℃下干燥2小时,并在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到Rh/ZrO2,随后按照与实施例15相同的方式将其硫化。
所述的Rh前体并不限于氯化铑,在本发明中可以使用各种Rh前体。
实施例24
将20wt%的芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺的副产物(主要由MBZ(43.5%)和MT(44.9%)组成)溶于乙苯,此后向其中添加0.1wt%的二甲二硫化物,由此准备了反应物,随后以0.3㏄/min的速率将所述反应物供给至填充有5㏄的CrS/ZrO2催化剂的固定床连续反应器中。这样,在350℃的反应温度、50atm的反应压力和H2=30㏄/min的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
CrS/ZrO 2 催化剂的制备
该催化剂是通过以下方式制备的:将约10wt%的Cr负载到直径为1mm的氧化锆载体上。具体而言,用硝酸铬(III)在蒸馏水中的水溶液浸渍所述氧化锆载体,将所得的氧化锆载体在150℃下干燥2小时,并在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到Cr/ZrO2,随后按照与实施例15相同的方式将其硫化。所述的Cr前体并不限于硝酸铬,在本发明中可以使用各种Cr前体。
实施例13-24的液体反应产物的组成及其量(单位:%)在以下表3中列出(用作混合溶剂的十六烷或乙苯未示出)。
表3
[表3]
甲苯 二甲苯 C9+芳族化合物 其他
实施例13 6.9 44.5 38.6 7.0 3.0
实拖例14 23.7 48.5 26.7 0.9 0.2
实施例15 5.4 379 47.6 6.6 2.5
实施例16 3.6 38.6 52.8 3.4 1.6
实施例17 6.4 35.4 50.2 5.7 2.3
实施例18 2.1 34.6 57.4 3.7 2.2
实施例19 6.8 39.4 44.3 6.5 3.0
实施例20 5.8 38.0 46.0 6.4 3.8
实施例21 3.4 33.0 58.8 2.8 2.0
实施例22 6.3 39.3 46.2 5.6 2.6
实施例23 2.9 32.6 59.0 3.2 2.3
实施例24 23.3 47.1 26.2 1.2 2.2
实施例25
将20wt%的芳族羧酸制备工艺的副产物(主要由BZA(21.4%)、TAD(41.4%)、CBA(8.3)和IPA(23.2%)组成)与乙苯混合,由此准备了反应物,随后以0.5cc/min的速率将所述反应物供给至填充有5cc的MoOx/ZrO2催化剂的固定床连续反应器中。这样,在350℃的反应温度、40atm的氢压和H2=50cc/min的条件下进行反应,生成芳族烃化合物,所述的芳族烃化合物主要由苯、甲苯和二甲苯组成。
MoO x /ZrO 2 催化剂的制备和预处理
该催化剂是通过以下方式制备的:将约8wt%的Mo负载到直径为1mm的氧化锆载体上。具体而言,用AHM在蒸馏水中的水溶液浸渍所述氧化锆载体,将所述氧化锆载体在150℃下干燥2小时,并在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到MoO3/ZrO2。将5cc的如上制备的催化剂装填到固定床连续反应器中,在室温和40atm的反应压力下以100cc/min的速率供应H2流,同时加热至400℃,随后在400℃下预处理3小时,由此得到MoOx/ZrO2
实施例26
将20wt%的芳族羧酸制备工艺的副产物(主要由BZA(21.4%)、TAD(41.4%)、CBA(8.3)和IPA(23.2%)组成)与乙苯混合,由此准备了反应物,随后按照与实施例25相同的方式进行反应。
WO x /TiO 2 催化剂的制备和预处理
该催化剂是通过以下方式制备的:将约8wt%的w负载到直径为1mm的二氧化钛载体上。具体而言,用AMT在蒸馏水中的水溶液浸渍所述二氧化钛载体,将所得的二氧化钛载体在150℃下干燥2小时,并在500℃下持续煅烧2小时,由此制备得到WO3/TiO2。将5cc的如上制备的催化剂装填到固定床连续反应器中,在室温和40atm的反应压力下以100cc/min的速率供应H2流,同时加热至400℃,随后在400℃下预处理3小时,由此得到WOx/TiO2
实施例25和26的液体反应产物的组成及其量(单位:%)在以下表4中列出(用作混合溶剂的乙苯未示出)。
表4
[表4]
甲苯 二甲苯 Cg+芳族化合物 其他
实施例25 6.0 35.2 47.5 8.8 2.5
实施例26 6.9 34.7 48.2 7.6 2.6
虽然为了示例的目的公开了本发明的优选实施方案,但是,本领域的技术人员将理解的是,在不偏离由随附的权利要求书所披露的本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以做出各种改变、添加和替换。

Claims (15)

1.一种制备芳族烃的方法,包括:
a)准备芳族羧酸制备工艺和芳族羧酸烷基酯制备工艺中的一者或二者的副产物;以及
b)利用加氢处理催化剂将所述副产物转化为所述芳族烃,由此获得包含所述芳族烃的产物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:c)将在b)中获得的所述产物分离成液体芳族烃、气体组分和水。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,还包括:d)将在c)中获得的所述液体芳族烃分离成苯、甲苯、二甲苯以及具有9个或更多个碳的烃化合物。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,还包括:e)将在c)中获得的一部分的所述液体芳族烃、所述气体组分、或者已经除去杂质的所述气体组分中的氢气再循环至a),以与所述副产物混合。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法,还包括:f)将在d)中获得的芳族烃的一部分再循环至a),以与所述副产物混合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述芳族羧酸是对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、及其酸酐、或苯甲酸;并且所述芳族羧酸烷基酯是对苯二甲酸二甲酯、间苯二甲酸二甲酯或邻苯二甲酸二甲酯。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述芳族羧酸是对苯二甲酸;并且所述芳族羧酸烷基酯是对苯二甲酸二甲酯。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述副产物包含芳族化合物,所述芳族化合物的苯环具有含烃或氧的取代基。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述取代基是烷基、醛基、羧基、酯基、羟基或烷氧基。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中b)是在150℃至500℃的反应温度和1kgf/cm2至300kgf/cm2的反应压力的条件下进行的。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述加氢处理催化剂是以未负载的形式提供的,或者是以负载在无机氧化物或碳载体上的形式提供的。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述载体是选自由二氧化硅、氧化铝、二氧化硅-氧化铝、氧化锆、二氧化钛、磷酸铝、氧化铌、粘土、沸石和碳构成的组中的一者或多者。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述加氢处理催化剂包括选自由元素周期表中的第6族、第7族、第8族、第9族、第10族和第11族的金属构成的组中的一种或多种金属,或者包括所述金属的硫化物、磷化物或氧化物。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述金属为选自由Cr、Mo、W、Re、Ru、Co、Rh、Ni、Pd、Pt、Cu和Fe构成的组中的一者或多者。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述金属为选自由Mo、W、Fe、Ru、Co、Ni和Cu构成的组中的一者或多者。
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Application publication date: 20140409