CN103703957A - Slope protection method for highway slopes - Google Patents
Slope protection method for highway slopes Download PDFInfo
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- CN103703957A CN103703957A CN201210375382.7A CN201210375382A CN103703957A CN 103703957 A CN103703957 A CN 103703957A CN 201210375382 A CN201210375382 A CN 201210375382A CN 103703957 A CN103703957 A CN 103703957A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a slope protection method for highway slopes. The method includes spray-sowing plant seeds mainly of indigenous plants, and supportively planting exotic plants suitable for growth conditions. The method according to the scheme is widely applicable; corrosion and water and soil loss are resisted; slope protection vegetation can recover fast.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plants configuration field, be specifically related to the bank protecting method of a kind of expressway side slope.
Background technology
In recent years, China's expressway construction makes rapid progress, meanwhile, the excavation and filling of highway has not only destroyed original vegetation, cause a large amount of massifs and ground exposed, also cause water and soil loss, landslide, debris flow, the deterioration of Partial little climate and ecotope disaster and the hidden danger such as destruction of biological chain, even caused subsiding of expressway.Expressway slope is afforested and can farthest be reduced Secondary Geological Hazards and ecocatas-trophe, and protection of the environment becomes problem demanding prompt solution.
Spraying and seeding afforesting technology is that the host material configuring (comprising soil, fertilizer, soil conditioner, water-loss reducer, binding agent etc.), plant seed and water are mixed, then with high-pressure spray gun, is ejected into equably a kind of greening method on domatic top layer.Because this technology can be improved Soil Slope character preferably, for plant provides a suitable growing environment, and compare with traditional tree planting, by spraying and seeding afforesting technology, make to sow nursery stock and can bring into play larger bank protection ability, therefore, domatic (as the greening side slope protection works such as highway, railway, dam, water and soil conservations) in some greenings especially difficulty are widely applied.
At present, China is when carrying out spraying and seeding afforesting, and that the proportioning of matrix is considered to sow grass seeds by duster is the most basic, a ring of crux, is also the Focal point and difficult point in all process steps, but to the final purpose of sowing grass seeds by duster---recover vegetation goal-setting and pay close attention to not, be exactly particularly:
(1) the design phase landscape effect that covets, ignores the potential safety hazard that it may cause;
(2) lack the understanding to plant habit, choice plant species is improper;
(3) floristics is single, combines unreasonablely, easily suffers the harm of damage by disease and insect and other pest;
(4) construction technology is improper, and late maintaining cost is high.
People constantly strengthen the understanding of environment importance, require revegetation not only to meet protection of the environment safety, and will emphasize the coordination with surrounding environment.
Although the people such as Huang Zhigang disclose the linked network Seed spraying technology (< < science and technology promotes development (application version) > > 10 phases in 2010) in Superhighway Side Slope Protection engineering, but the summary of experience of Qi Youlan five, linked network Seed spraying technology 3 in, following viewpoint has been proposed: if select single herbaceous plant, afforestation effect is fine, but slope effect is undesirable admittedly; If selection shrub plant, afforestation effect is undesirable in a short time, and matrix Initial curing age is long.In order to reach the double effects of chlorination and stability of slope, the one, select the herbaceous plant of Various Seasonal, the 2nd, implant the shrub plant of certain quantity.But in this article, also propose, all kinds of grass filling mixed seeding i.e. grass, filling ratio are how many, and in unit are, the reasonability of all kinds of grass filling spreading amount needs further to be inquired into.
For the sow grass seeds by duster allocation problem of plant of expressway slope, the target plant group of inventor from spraying and seeding afforesting technology sets starts with, consider and fully hold and affect the definite various factors of target coenotype, on this basis, definite principle of Plants types choice and initial stage density is proposed, inquired into the safeguard that finally realizes revegetation target, to for set up the artificial plant group of stability and high efficiency by spraying and seeding afforesting technology.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the sow grass seeds by duster configuration of plant of a kind of expressway slope.
The bank protecting method of a kind of expressway slope provided by the invention, the method realizes with the plant seed of sowing grass seeds by duster, and take indigenous plant as main in the plant seed of sowing grass seeds by duster, and is equipped with the exotic plant that is suitable for growth conditions.
In the method, in the seed of the plant of sowing grass seeds by duster, the seed of indigenous plant accounts for 80-95%, and the seed of exotic plant accounts for 5-20%.Preferably, the seed of indigenous plant accounts for 90-95%, and the seed of exotic plant accounts for 5-10%, and above proportioning is weight ratio.
Bank protecting method provided by the invention, in plant classification level, indigenous plant or exotic plant are selected with the two or more bulk varieties in draft, shrub, arbor or the liana of drought resisting, resistance, deficient resistance.
Preferably, described method, be to realize by every square metre of two or more seed of using in draft, shrub, arbor or liane, wherein the weight ratio of draft, shrub, arbor and liane seed is 10-40:3-10:0-5:0-10.
The described grass filling system compared with strong drought resistant, resistance, deficient resistance refers to more stable plant community.
Further preferably, the allocation plan of the plant of sowing grass seeds by duster provided by the invention is: in Table 1
Table 1: China's main provinces and regions side slope plants configuration (unit: g/m that sows grass seeds by duster
2)
Note: in table, plant collocation can be according to budget situation independent assortment, and seed is used weight in recommended range.
Bank protecting method provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1, general option of species need be followed following several principles:
1) adapt to local soil (moisture, light, pH value, soil property etc.), there is stronger resistance;
2) seed be easy to get and cost reasonable;
3) overground part is shorter, well developed root system, and growth rapidly, can cover domatic in a short time;
4) more year life or perennial;
5) adapt to low level management, natural updating ability is stronger;
6) there is good landscape function;
7) well developed root system;
8), to vehicle exhaust resistance, can absorb pernicious gas.
The present invention is when plant is sowed grass seeds by duster in expressway slope preparation, and take zonal vegetation, indigenous plant is keynote, suitably introduces wild plant and the exotic plant that is suitable for growth conditions.Be specially shallow rooted plant and deep rooting plant combines, leguminous plant and non-leguminous plant combine, grow early with evening, young plant is high and the combination of short, cold season plant and warm season plant, above plant is plant and the high plant of liquid manure solar thermal utilization rate of strong stress resistance.
Be preferably the stereoscopic configurations bulk variety combining compared with the grass of strong drought resistant, resistance, deficient resistance, filling, Qiao.
Compared with prior art, difference of the present invention is to divide according to China's typical case's climatic zone, and the plants configuration of sowing grass seeds by duster of each department is carried out to refinement, has selected a large amount of zonality plants that are applicable to this area, reduces the maintenance cost after sowing grass seeds by duster, and improves the survival rate of plant.After handing over, can be dissolved into preferably in highway periphery plant community system, reduce and introduce the ecological invasion risk that denizen brings.
Grass filling system is more stable plant community.The protection of initial stage side slope mainly relies on draft, and changes in temperature grass seeds is mixed can be evergreen all the year round, but draft root system is shallow, and protection effect is poor, but As time goes on, main securing plant is developed into shrub, and therefore grass is filled with and wanted reasonable disposition;
Bushes Roots is flourishing, adaptability and strong stress resistance, Gu slope is effective, but planting speed is slow, and early stage, corrosion resistance was poor.
2, adopt allocation plan of the present invention, (1) is widely applicable; (2) corrosion resistance and anti-water and soil loss; (3) slope-protecting vegetation can fast quick-recovery.The mixed base material thickness of spray of nutrient abundance surpasses 10cm, can meet demand of plant growth, and after spray sowing construction finishes, 60d can cover comprehensively, fills with careless stereo ecological moulding after 2 years; (4) speed of application is fast, efficiency is high.Adopt mechanized construction, the spray seeder 2000m that can sow grass seeds by duster for a day
2above, vegetation growth is even, fine and close; (5) construction cost is low.Every construction cost per square meter is lower 60 ~ 100 yuan than common engineering pitched work.
Embodiment
Following examples are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
The bank protecting method of a kind of expressway slope provided by the invention, the method realizes with the plant seed of sowing grass seeds by duster, and take indigenous plant as main in the plant seed of sowing grass seeds by duster, and is equipped with the exotic plant that is suitable for growth conditions.Following examples have been enumerated the method for the plant seed of sowing grass seeds by duster in several places, but should be used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1: the sow grass seeds by duster configuration of plant seed of Guangxi expressway slope: in Table 2
Table 2: the sow grass seeds by duster configuration (unit: g/m of plant seed of Guangxi expressway slope
2)
In the configuration of table 2: eciophyte accounts for 81%, Festuca Arundinacea is exotic plant, accounts for 19% of gross weight.
Embodiment 2: the sow grass seeds by duster configuration of plant seed of Shandong expressway slope: in Table 3
Table 3: the sow grass seeds by duster configuration (unit: g/m of plant seed of Shandong expressway slope
2)
In the configuration of table 3: eciophyte accounts for 93.2%, exotic plant (being sainfoin) accounts for 6.8%.
The sow grass seeds by duster configuration of plant seed of embodiment 3, Yunnan expressway slope: in Table 4
Table 4: the sow grass seeds by duster configuration (unit: g/m of plant seed of Yunnan expressway slope
2)
In the configuration of table 4: eciophyte seed accounts for 94.6%, exotic plant (being white popinac) seed accounts for 5.4%.
Embodiment 4: the effect research after sowing grass seeds by duster
In Guangxi, Shandong, Yunnan Province sows grass seeds by duster to highway according to the mode of embodiment 1-3 respectively, choose the fixedly sample prescription that side slope after typical spraying and seeding afforesting engineering construction arranges 1m * 1m, the indexs such as the floristics after sowing grass seeds by duster, the quantity of emerging height, leading thread cover degree are investigated, and each sample prescription basic condition sees the following form 5.
Table 5: different expressway slope example plant growth effect comparison
Remarks: 1, in table, data are annual mean; 2, in table-represent that this item number is according to adding up
Expressway slope technology for recovering vegetation is one and emphasizes that the ecological environment benefit of biological bank protection improves with view the engineering that function combines.By table 5, can be drawn spraying sowing shrub and climb the technical methods of comprehensively sowing grass seeds by duster such as rattan plant and carry out counterfort virescence in example, soon quick-recovery slope vegetation.
Embodiment 5: Qingdao expressway slope plants configuration: in Table 6
Table 6: Qingdao expressway slope plants configuration (unit: g/m
2)
This vegetation is sowed grass seeds by duster the time in carrying out May then, and investigate its vegetation coverage June next year is 75%, fails to reach 90% requirement of bidding documents regulation, project failure.
Contrast this example and compare with this patent, can find that its plants configuration fails to accomplish to optimize collocation.
Although, above used general explanation, embodiment and test, the present invention is described in detail, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, and this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a bank protecting method for expressway slope, is characterized in that, the method realizes with the plant seed of sowing grass seeds by duster, and take indigenous plant as main in the plant seed of sowing grass seeds by duster, and is equipped with the exotic plant that is suitable for growth conditions.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the seed of the indigenous plant of sowing grass seeds by duster accounts for 60-90%, and the seed of exotic plant accounts for 10-40%.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described indigenous plant or exotic plant are selected with two or more bulk variety in draft, shrub, arbor or the liane of drought resisting, resistance, deficient resistance.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, in described collocation method, every square metre of weight ratio of using draft, shrub, arbor, liane seed is 10-40:3-10:0-5:0-10.
5. the bank protecting method of China regions expressway slope, is characterized in that, the sow grass seeds by duster proportioning of plant seed of China regions is as follows:
Beijing area: every square metre of weight ratio of using draft, shrub, arbor, liane seed is 10-20:3-5:2-4:5-10; Wherein, described herbaceous plant is selected from one or more in Festuca Arundinacea, English ryegrass, kentucky blue grass, paspalum notatum, weeping love grass, Bai Sanye, alfalfa, eryuelan, coreopsis or red clover; Described shrub plant is selected from shrubby flase indigo, fiery sour jujube, shrub lespedeza, horse sour jujube, caragana, caragana microphylla, cassia corymbosa, five-leaved chaste tree, Ligustrum quihoui, spends more one or more in lily magnolia, aalii; Described magaphanerophytes is selected from Chinese sumac and/or pittosporum tobira; Described liane is kudzu, evergreen mucuna stem, trachelospermum jasminoide, Boston ivy, multiflora rose, climbing fig, wintercreeper euonymus, C.radicans, ivy, celastrus orbiculatus, honeysuckle;
Qinghai Area, every square metre of weight ratio of using draft, shrub plant seed is 10-20:5-10; Wherein, described herbaceous plant is selected from one or more in wheatgrass, coreopsis, coronule flower, stinkgrass flower, siberian wildrye, lyme grass, Festuca sinensis, alkali thatch, alfalfa, kentucky blue grass or Oxytropis coerulea; Described liane is selected from one or more in prairie milk vetch, caragana microphylla, shrubby flase indigo, the Gu Tebaici of Tang or harmel;
Inner Mongolia, every square metre of weight ratio of using draft, shrub plant seed is 20-30:5-10; Wherein, described herbaceous plant is selected from one or more in awnless brome, tippet grass or perennial ryegrass; Described liane is selected from one or more in sea-buckthorn, shrub lespedeza, caragana microphylla, sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia) or the Mongolian rock Radix Astragali;
Shandong District, every square metre of weight ratio of using draft, shrub, magaphanerophytes's seed is 10-20:3-5:1-2; Wherein, described herbaceous plant is selected from one or more in Festuca Arundinacea, chewing fescue, awnless brome, wheatgrass, English ryegrass, alfalfa, sainfoin, coronule flower or prairie milk vetch; Described liane is selected from one or more in shrub lespedeza, shrubby flase indigo, fiery sour jujube or the capsule of weeping forsythia; Described magaphanerophytes is locust tree;
Sichuan province, every square metre of weight ratio of using draft, shrub plant seed is 10-25:5-10; Wherein, described herbaceous plant is selected from one or more in English ryegrass, Festuca Arundinacea, Bermuda grass, African green foxtail, weeping love grass, Yunnan pearl millet, Kikuyugrass, thin and delicate creeping bentgrass, chewing fescue, Yunnan Herba Eragrostidis ferrugineae, Bai Sanye, red clover or alfalfa; Described liane is selected from one or more that spend more in lily magnolia, horse sour jujube or aalii;
Hunan and Hubei province, every square metre of weight ratio of using draft, shrub, arbor, liane seed is 10-20:3-5:2-4:5-10; Wherein, described herbaceous plant is selected from one or more in awns, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, mugwort wormwood artemisia, Bermuda grass, Festuca Arundinacea, Bai Sanye, vetiver, perennial ryegrass, paspalum notatum or red clover; Described liane is selected from one or more that spend more in lily magnolia, fiery sour jujube, hair smoke tree, Chinese Abelia, little wax, Hypericum Chinense, thunberg lespedeza, Coriaria sinica, Chinese meadow sweet, Vitex negundo var cannabifolia or cassia corymbosa; Described magaphanerophytes is selected from one or more in cizu, Luan Shu, Chinese sumac or Chinese ash; Described magaphanerophytes is selected from one or more in honeysuckle, ivy, mucuna, kudzu or multiflora rose;
Jiangsu and Zhejiang area, every square metre of weight ratio of using draft, shrub, arbor, liane seed is 10-20:3-5:2-4:5-10; Wherein, described herbaceous plant is selected from one or more in Festuca Arundinacea, English ryegrass, Bermuda grass, Chinese milk vetch, Bai Sanye, mock-strawberry, paspalum notatum or alfalfa; Described liane is selected from one or more in shrub lespedeza, fiery sour jujube, cercis, Glochidion puberum, beauty plum, shrubby flase indigo, multiflora rose, Huang Xin, chrysanthemum Cassia tora or horse sour jujube; Described magaphanerophytes is selected from one or more in locust tree, Piao Shu, Chinese tallow tree or trident maple; Described shrub plant is selected from mucuna, Chinese wistaria, trachelospermum jasminoide, Boston ivy, wintercreeper euonymus, reaches the clouds, one or more in kudzu or honeysuckle;
Yunnan Province, every square metre of weight ratio of using draft, shrub, liane seed is 10-20:5-10:3-5; Wherein, described herbaceous plant is selected from one or more in short raw Bermuda, khuskhus, molasses grass, Lolium perenne, alta fascue, Bai Sanye, alfalfa, weeping love grass, Bermuda grass or coreopsis; Described liane is selected from white popinac, mountain green soy bean, spends more lily magnolia, shrub lespedeza, strangles cuckoo, one or more in yellow cicada or akeake; Described shrub plant is large winged bean;
Guangxi and In Guangdong Province, every square metre of weight ratio of using draft, shrub, arbor, liane seed is 25-40:5-10:3-5:3-5, wherein, described herbaceous plant is selected from weeping love grass, cogongrass, khuskhus, Bai Sanye, paspalum notatum, Festuca Arundinacea, Bermuda grass, alfalfa, molasses grass, Paspalum wettsteinii, perennial ryegrass, coronule flower, sainfoin, lyme grass, Korea lawn grass, buffalograss, pearl millet, one or more in green foxtail, described shrub plant is selected from lantana, thunberg lespedeza, crotalaria mucronata, mountain green soy bean, shrubby flase indigo, aalii, spend more lily magnolia, beggarweed, fire sour jujube, Cassia tora, sea-buckthorn, white popinac, one or more in Acacia, described magaphanerophytes is selected from horse and accounts for yearning between lovers, acacia confusa, acacia auriculiformis, eucalyptus citriodora, one or more in locust tree, described liane is selected from one or more that kudzu, large winged bean, sieve pause in beans, Centrosema pubescens Benth, mountain buckwheat, pale reddish brown large winged bean.
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| CN107155566A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-09-15 | 香格里拉市高山植物园生态恢复工程有限责任公司 | The seed formula of dry-warm valley climatic province revegetation |
| CN107347290A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-11-17 | 深圳市铁汉生态环境股份有限公司 | A kind of method for greening side slope of southwest |
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| CN108391563A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-08-14 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | A kind of arid biogeographic zone strongly salined soil barren hill greening method |
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| CN108934891A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-12-07 | 钦州学院 | A kind of slope vegetation restoration method suitable for autumn and winter construction |
| CN109716977A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-07 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | Plant society and method for southern high altitude localities road slope reparation |
| CN110881365A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2020-03-17 | 长江大学 | Method for fixing high-cut-slope engineering slope soil by mixed planting of plants with different root systems |
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| CN111887107A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-11-06 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | Arid region embedded plant community configuration model and slope protection vegetation planting method |
| CN111887107B (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2022-02-18 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | Arid region embedded plant community configuration model and slope protection vegetation planting method |
| CN111990189A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-27 | 西南科技大学 | Mine broken stone slope ecological restoration method driven by vetiver grass |
| CN113853865A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-31 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Drainage system for digesting nitrogen and phosphorus by utilizing sloping field terrain and plants and construction method thereof |
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