CN101836572A - Construction method of plant community in South China - Google Patents
Construction method of plant community in South China Download PDFInfo
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- CN101836572A CN101836572A CN 201010162140 CN201010162140A CN101836572A CN 101836572 A CN101836572 A CN 101836572A CN 201010162140 CN201010162140 CN 201010162140 CN 201010162140 A CN201010162140 A CN 201010162140A CN 101836572 A CN101836572 A CN 101836572A
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Abstract
The invention provides a construction method of plant community in South China, comprising the following steps of selecting plant seeds of grasses, shrub and arbor; treating a part of the seeds; preparing a seed mixture; preparing a substrate mixture; preparing a seed and substrate mixture; jetting the seed and substrate mixture; controlling the herb height and the density of the shrub and the arbor; spraying paclobutrazol physic liquor to herbs; spraying stress resistant high nutrition foliar fertilizer to the arbor; and finally, carrying out conventional management. The invention can promote the seeds to fast and safely germinate, guarantee stable structure and function of artificial vegetation, and efficiently shorten the succession period from the artificial vegetation to natural vegetation, and is used for the construction method of geotechnical wound surfaces including slopes, abandoned dreg sites and mining places and plant communities of degraded soils in the South China.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of artificial vegetation's planting and establishing method, relate in particular to a kind of construction method of plant community in South China.
Background technology
The South China comprises the southern coastal area of the west area in Hainan Province, Guangdong Province and Delta of the Pearl River area, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, gross area 64896km
2The South China is the evergreen torrid zone-south subtropics zone of a high temperature and rainy, the four seasons, and this distinguishes temperature height, rainfall is big, and damage by disease and insect takes place frequently, and how to improve artificial vegetation's drought resistance, the key technology that diseases and insect pests resistance is regional Vegetation Construction.The method of existing Vegetation Construction is at first to select plant seed, mixes with host material (fertilizer, soil conditioner etc.) then, sows said mixture again, and is last, carries out moisture and fertilizing management.Chinese patent CN100348086C discloses a kind of evergreen vegetation planting method on slope of highway side in southern areas, adopt rational plants configuration scheme, make grass seeds and shrub species by the configuration of 1: 1.2~2 part by weight, be mixed with seed sow grass seeds by duster liquid or seed mixture, spray through the smooth side slope surface that is suitable for afforesting, described grass seeds selects herbaceous plant kind Bermuda or Bermuda and perennial ryegrass for use or/and the combination of Festuca Arundinacea, described shrub species is selected pulse family evergreen shrubs seeds mountain green soy bean for use, pigeonpea, crotalaria mucronata, white popinac, shrubby flase indigo, pink indigo, any two or more combination in the akeake is applicable to that mainly southern expressway slope sets up ever green vegetation.From above-mentioned patent content as can be seen, at present about the following shortcoming of ubiquity in the ground wound-surface vegetation planting and establishing methods such as side slope: the one,, technology biases toward engineering measure selection and implementation process, and the preparation of host material, handles with the back period regulation and ignored the design of plant community science; The 2nd,, only carry out species selection, and species dissimilar, difference in functionality are not carried out reasonable combination according to some basic life habits and the ecological characteristics of plant; The 3rd,, during to seed treatment, do not take different treatment measures at dissimilar seeds; The 4th,, do not take into full account environmental condition, plant characteristic and maintenance management cost, the concrete species adaptability of selection is not strong; The 5th,, in the vegetation planting later stage, lack growth and competition regulation and control, and improve technological means such as anti-adversity ability.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above shortcoming, provide a kind of and can promote that seed is quick, safety is sprouted, ensure artificial vegetation's structure and function-stable, effectively shorten the plant community in South China construction method of artificial vegetation to the natural vegetation succession period.
The construction method of plant community in South China of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1) select suitable South China pioneer's property draft, transitional draft, transitional shrub, build the stable draft of group, build the group and stablize shrub and build and group stablize arbor, wherein, pioneer's property draft is at least a in Bai Sanye, the Festuca Arundinacea; Transitional draft is a sesbania; Transitional shrub is an Acacia; It is at least a in weeping love grass, the paspalum notatum building the stable draft of group; Building the group, to stablize shrub be in mountain green soy bean, pigeonpea, crotalaria mucronata, the akeake at least 3 kinds; Building the group, to stablize arbor be at least a in white popinac, the acacia confusa.
2) difficult germination seed is handled, wherein natural air drying behind sesbania, the mountain green soy bean usefulness soaked in cold water 8~12h; Acacia, acacia confusa, akeake are with 70 ℃ of water natural air drying behind 20~30min, 20~30min, the 8~10min of soaking seed respectively; Paspalum notatum with 60 ℃ of water logging kind 2~3h after natural air drying, crotalaria mucronata with 50~60 ℃ of water logging kind 8~10h after natural air drying; White popinac is with concentrated sulfuric acid seed soaking 8~12min, and natural air drying behind the sulfuric acid is removed in washing.
3) in step 2) implement after, in 250~350 of every square metre of pioneer's property draft, 40~50 of transitional draft, 20~40 in transitional shrub, build 100~150 of stable draft of group, build the group and stablize 60~80 in shrub, build the ratio that the group stablizes 25~40 of arbors seed is mixed, must seed mixture.
4) in every square metre of greening base material 8~12kg, plant loam 140~220kg the ratio mix even, obtain base material mixture.
5) step 3) gained seed mixture and step 4) gained base material mixture mix is even, obtain the seed base material mixture.
6) the seed base material mixture that step 5) is obtained is ejected into the ground surface of a wound or degenerates on the ground, and jet thickness is 8~15cm, sprays thing unit weight and is controlled to be 1.2~1.35g/cm
3
7) when the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 5cm, adopting the mode that manually cradles to control the draft height is 4~7cm; When the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 10cm, adopt the mode of manually wiping out to remove unnecessary small and weak relatively tree and shrubs, control shrub density is 8~15 strains/m
2, the control tree density is 3~5 strains/m
2
8) when the woody plant minimum altitude surpasses 25cm, adopt plastic sack that tree and shrubs is hidden temporarily, and be the paclobutrazol soup of 140~180mg/L to herbaceous plant leaf layer spray concentration;
9) after step 8) implemented for 2 weeks, spray the resistance high-nutrition foliage fertilizer to tree and shrubs, extension rate is 500~800 times;
10) do wet situation according to vegetation growth state and base material mixture, carry out the Routine Management of moisture and nutrient.
The advantage of plant community in South China construction method of the present invention is: (1) combines theoretical principle, method with practical engineering, science, feasibility and generalization height; (2) take into full account regional climate, environment and typical project habitat feature, and based on the difference of vegetation structure feature and function, selected pioneer's property draft, transitional draft, transitional shrub, built the stable draft of group, built the group and stablize shrub and build and group stablize arbor, configuration rationally meets ecological rule; (3) to the control of species seeding quantity science, help reducing species ambient moisture, nutrient, light resources etc. are consumed intensity, promote vegetation safety to build up; (4) difficulty is sprouted species and take different seed treatment measures, with strong points, the seed germination rate height; (5) the base material spraying technique is to be widely used in ground wound-surface vegetations such as side slope, waste field, mining ground, abandoned land at present to recover and an innovative technology of rebuilding, and can effectively ensure the required physical arrangement of plant community growth substrate, stability and moisture, nutrient condition; (6) step 7) and step 8) purpose are the herbal growth potentials of control, reduce its competitive influence to woody plant, help promoting that the herbaceous plant root system is more flourishing; Simultaneously, reduce woody plant interspecies competition level, guarantee effective number of seedling of woody plant, promote planting structure of plant community, quantity scientific and reasonable; (7) the step 9) purpose is to promote the woody plant root growth, regulates self physiological function, improves disease-resistant, drought resisting, adverse-resistant characteristic such as cold-resistant; (8) the inventive method embodiment is simple, and the technology strong operability can fully ensure North China's ground surface of a wound and the ground artificial vegetation that degenerates makes up effect.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
1) select suitable South China pioneer's property draft, transitional draft, transitional shrub, build the stable draft of group, build the group and stablize shrub and build and group stablize arbor.Wherein, pioneer's property draft is a Festuca Arundinacea; Transitional draft is a sesbania; Transitional shrub is an Acacia; Building the stable draft of group is paspalum notatum; Build the group stablize shrub be mountain green soy bean, pigeonpea, crotalaria mucronata by the seed grain number than mixing in 2: 2: 1; Building the group, to stablize arbor be white popinac.
2) difficult germination seed is handled, wherein natural air drying behind sesbania, the mountain green soy bean usefulness soaked in cold water 8h; Acacia with 70 ℃ of water logging kind 20min after natural air drying; Paspalum notatum with 60 ℃ of water logging kind 2h after natural air drying; Crotalaria mucronata with 50 ℃ of water logging kind 10h after natural air drying; White popinac is with the concentrated sulfuric acid 8min that soaks seed, and natural air drying behind the sulfuric acid is removed in washing.
3) in step 2) implement after, in 250 of every square metre of pioneer's property draft, 40 of transitional draft, 30 in transitional shrub, build 120 of stable draft of group, build the group and stablize 80 in shrub, build the ratio that the group stablizes 25 of arbors seed is mixed, must seed mixture.
4) in every square metre of greening base material 12kg, plant loam 180kg the ratio mix even, base material mixture.
5) step 3) gained seed mixture and step 4) gained base material mixture mix is even, get the seed base material mixture.
6) the seed base material mixture that step 5) is obtained is ejected on the side slope, and jet thickness is 13cm, sprays thing unit weight and is controlled to be 1.2~1.35g/cm
3
7) when the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 5cm, adopting the mode that manually cradles to control the draft height is 4~7cm; When the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 10cm, adopt the mode of manually wiping out to remove unnecessary small and weak relatively tree and shrubs, control shrub density is 12 strains/m
2, the control tree density is 4 strains/m
2
8) when the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 25cm, adopt plastic sack that tree and shrubs is hidden temporarily, and be the paclobutrazol soup of 180mg/L to draft leaf layer spray concentration.
9) after step 8) implemented for 2 weeks, spray the resistance high-nutrition foliage fertilizer to tree and shrubs, extension rate is 500 times.
10) do wet situation according to vegetation growth state and base material mixture, carry out the Routine Management of moisture and nutrient.
Two, implementation result
The inventive method is applied to the side slope vegetation planting, shows with the conventional method comparative result:
(1) Festuca Arundinacea of the present invention, pigeonpea (seed is untreated) germination rate basically identical, the sesbania germination rate improves 44%, and the Acacia germination rate improves 36%, the paspalum notatum germination rate improves 52%, mountain green soy bean germination rate improves 31%, and the crotalaria mucronata germination rate improves 61%, and the white popinac germination rate improves 48%.
(2) herbaceous plant individual plant radical amount on average increases by 36%, the heavy average increase by 35% of root; Woody plant individual plant radical amount on average increases by 22%, the heavy average increase by 21% of root; Woody plant growth of seedling gesture on average improves 29%, and herbaceous plant growth potential on average reduces by 17%; Herbaceous plant damage by disease and insect incidence reduces 89%, and woody plant damage by disease and insect incidence reduces 87%; Herbaceous plant survival rate raising 45%, woody plant survival rate improve 56% when getting over the summer in 1 year; The herbaceous plant survival rate improves 47% when surviving the winter in 1 year, and the woody plant survival rate improves 60%.
Embodiment 2:
1) select suitable South China pioneer's property draft, transitional draft, transitional shrub, build the stable draft of group, build the group and stablize shrub and build and group stablize arbor.Wherein, pioneer's property draft is Bai Sanye; Transitional draft is a sesbania; Transitional shrub is an Acacia; Building the stable draft of group is weeping love grass; Build the group stablize shrub be mountain green soy bean, pigeonpea, akeake by the seed grain number than mixing in 1: 1: 1; Building the group, to stablize arbor be acacia confusa.
2) difficult germination seed is handled, wherein sesbania, mountain green soy bean are used natural air drying behind the soaked in cold water 10h respectively; Acacia, acacia confusa, akeake are with 70 ℃ of water natural air drying behind 25min, 25min, the 8min of soaking seed respectively.
3) in step 2) implement after, in 300 of every square metre of pioneer's property draft, 45 of transitional draft, 20 in transitional shrub, build 150 of stable draft of group, build the group and stablize 70 in shrub, build the ratio that the group stablizes 30 of arbors seed is mixed, must seed mixture.
4) in every square metre of greening base material 10kg, plant loam 220kg the ratio mix even, obtain base material mixture.
5) step 3) gained seed mixture and step 4) gained base material mixture mix is even, obtain the seed base material mixture.
6) the seed base material mixture that step 5) is obtained is ejected on the waste field, and jet thickness is 15cm, sprays thing unit weight and is controlled to be 1.2~1.35g/cm
3
7) when the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 5cm, adopting the mode that manually cradles to control the draft height is 4~7cm; When the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 10cm, adopt the mode of manually wiping out to remove unnecessary small and weak relatively tree and shrubs, control shrub density is 8 strains/m
2, the control tree density is 5 strains/m
2
8) when the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 25cm, adopt plastic sack that tree and shrubs is hidden temporarily, and be the paclobutrazol soup of 160mg/L to draft leaf layer spray concentration.
9) after step 8) implemented for 2 weeks, spray the resistance high-nutrition foliage fertilizer to tree and shrubs, extension rate is 800 times.
10) do wet situation according to vegetation growth state and base material mixture, carry out the Routine Management of moisture and nutrient.
Two, implementation result
The inventive method is applied to the vegetation planting of waste field, shows with the conventional method comparative result:
(1) Bai Sanye of the present invention, weeping love grass, pigeonpea (seed is untreated) germination rate basically identical, the sesbania germination rate improves 42%, and the Acacia germination rate improves 51%, and mountain green soy bean germination rate improves 31%, the akeake germination rate improves 61%, and the acacia confusa germination rate improves 43%;
(2) herbaceous plant individual plant radical amount on average increases by 36%, the heavy average increase by 35% of root; Woody plant individual plant radical amount on average increases by 22%, the heavy average increase by 21% of root; Woody plant growth of seedling gesture on average improves 29%, and herbaceous plant growth potential on average reduces by 19%; Herbaceous plant damage by disease and insect incidence reduces 89%, and woody plant damage by disease and insect incidence reduces 87%; Herbaceous plant survival rate raising 45%, woody plant survival rate improve 56% when getting over the summer in 1 year; The herbaceous plant survival rate improves 47% when surviving the winter in 1 year, and the woody plant survival rate improves 60%.
Embodiment 3:
1) select suitable South China pioneer's property draft, transitional draft, transitional shrub, build the stable draft of group, build the group and stablize shrub and build and group stablize arbor.Wherein, pioneer's property draft is that Bai Sanye, Festuca Arundinacea mix than 1: 2 by the seed grain number; Transitional draft is a sesbania; Transitional shrub is an Acacia; Building the stable draft of group is that weeping love grass, paspalum notatum mix than 2: 1 by the seed grain number; Build group stablize shrub be mountain green soy bean, pigeonpea, crotalaria mucronata, akeake by the seed grain number than 2: 2: 1: 2 mixing; Build the group stablize arbor be white popinac, acacia confusa by the seed grain number than mixing in 1: 1.
2) difficult germination seed is handled, wherein, natural air drying behind sesbania, the mountain green soy bean usefulness soaked in cold water 12h; Acacia, acacia confusa, akeake are with 70 ℃ of water natural air drying behind 30min, 30min, the 10min of soaking seed respectively; Paspalum notatum is done after with 60 ℃ of water logging kind 3h naturally, crotalaria mucronata with 60 ℃ of water logging kind 8h after natural air drying, white popinac is with the concentrated sulfuric acid 12min that soaks seed, and washes and removes natural air drying behind the sulfuric acid.
3) in step 2) implement after, in 350 of every square metre of pioneer's property draft, 50 of transitional draft, 40 in transitional shrub, build 100 of stable draft of group, build the group and stablize 60 in shrub, build the ratio that the group stablizes 40 of arbors seed is mixed, must seed mixture.
4) in every square metre of greening base material 8kg, plant loam 140kg the ratio mix even, obtain base material mixture.
5) step 3) gained seed mixture and step 4) gained base material mixture mix is even, obtain the seed base material mixture.
6) it is on the ground waste that the seed base material mixture that step 5) is obtained is ejected into stone matter, and jet thickness is 8cm, sprays thing unit weight and be controlled to be 1.2~1.35g/cm
3
7) when the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 5cm, adopting the mode that manually cradles to control the draft height is 4~7cm; When the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 10cm, adopt the mode of manually wiping out to remove unnecessary small and weak relatively tree and shrubs, control shrub density is 15 strains/m
2, the control tree density is 3 strains/m
2
8) when the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 25cm, adopt plastic sack that tree and shrubs is hidden temporarily, and be that the multiple-effect of 140mg/L is frustrated soup to draft leaf layer spray concentration.
9) after step 8) implemented for 2 weeks, spray the resistance high-nutrition foliage fertilizer to tree and shrubs, extension rate is 650 times.
10) do wet situation according to vegetation growth state and base material mixture, carry out the Routine Management of moisture and nutrient.
Two, implementation result
The inventive method is applied to the vegetation planting of stone matter wasteland, shows with the conventional method comparative result:
(1) Bai Sanye of the present invention, Festuca Arundinacea, pigeonpea, weeping love grass (seed is untreated) germination rate basically identical, the sesbania germination rate improves 46%, the Acacia germination rate improves 53%, the paspalum notatum germination rate improves 61%, mountain green soy bean germination rate improves 38%, and the crotalaria mucronata germination rate improves 67%, and the akeake germination rate improves 48%, the white popinac germination rate improves 41%, and the acacia confusa germination rate improves 42%.
(2) herbaceous plant individual plant radical amount on average increases by 37%, the heavy average increase by 36% of root; Woody plant individual plant radical amount on average increases by 23%, the heavy average increase by 24% of root; Woody plant growth of seedling gesture on average improves 28%, and herbaceous plant growth potential on average reduces by 23%; Herbaceous plant damage by disease and insect incidence reduces 92%, and woody plant damage by disease and insect incidence reduces 90%; Herbaceous plant survival rate raising 47%, woody plant survival rate improve 55% when getting over the summer in 1 year; The herbaceous plant survival rate improves 49% when surviving the winter in 1 year, and the woody plant survival rate improves 62%.
Claims (1)
1. the construction method of a plant community in South China is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) select suitable South China pioneer's property draft, transitional draft, transitional shrub, build the stable draft of group, build the group and stablize shrub and build and group stablize arbor, wherein, pioneer's property draft is at least a in Bai Sanye, the Festuca Arundinacea; Transitional draft is a sesbania; Transitional shrub is an Acacia; It is at least a in weeping love grass, the paspalum notatum building the stable draft of group; Building the group, to stablize shrub be in mountain green soy bean, pigeonpea, crotalaria mucronata, the akeake at least 3 kinds; Building the group, to stablize arbor be at least a in white popinac, the acacia confusa;
2) difficult germination seed is handled, wherein air-dry behind sesbania, the mountain green soy bean usefulness soaked in cold water 8~12h; Acacia, acacia confusa, akeake are with 70 ℃ of water natural air drying behind 20~30min, 20~30min, the 8~10min of soaking seed respectively; Paspalum notatum with 60 ℃ of water logging kind 2~3h after natural air drying, crotalaria mucronata with 50~60 ℃ of water logging kind 8~10h after natural air drying; White popinac is with concentrated sulfuric acid seed soaking 8~12min, and natural air drying behind the sulfuric acid is removed in washing;
3) in step 2) implement after, in 250~350 of every square metre of pioneer's property draft, 40~50 of transitional draft, 20~40 in transitional shrub, build 100~150 of stable draft of group, build the group and stablize 60~80 in shrub, build the ratio that the group stablizes 25~40 of arbors seed is mixed, must seed mixture;
4) in every square metre of greening base material 8~12kg, plant loam 140~220kg the ratio mix even, obtain base material mixture;
5) step 3) gained seed mixture and step 4) gained base material mixture mix is even, obtain the seed base material mixture;
6) the seed base material mixture that step 5) is obtained is ejected into the ground surface of a wound or degenerates on the ground, and jet thickness is 8~15cm, sprays thing unit weight and is controlled to be 1.2~1.35g/cm
3
7) when the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 5cm, adopting the mode that manually cradles to control the draft height is 4~7cm; When the arbor minimum altitude surpasses 10cm, adopt the mode of manually wiping out to remove unnecessary small and weak relatively tree and shrubs, control shrub density is 8~15 strains/m
2, the control tree density is 3~5 strains/m
2
8) when the woody plant minimum altitude surpasses 25cm, adopt plastic sack that tree and shrubs is hidden temporarily, and be the paclobutrazol soup of 140~180mg/L to herbaceous plant leaf layer spray concentration;
9) after step 8) implemented for 2 weeks, spray the resistance high-nutrition foliage fertilizer to tree and shrubs, extension rate is 500~800 times;
10) do wet situation according to vegetation growth state and base material mixture, carry out the Routine Management of moisture and nutrient.
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103703957A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2014-04-09 | 长江大学 | Slope protection method for highway slopes |
CN105230176A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-01-13 | 云南大学 | Method for improving germination rate of Salix myrtillacea seeds |
CN106718541A (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-05-31 | 唐婧婵 | Method for direct seeding of Yinhua tree for forest culture and management in rocky desertification region |
CN111492875A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-08-07 | 深圳市仙湖植物园管理处(深圳市园林研究中心) | Road slope plant recovery method |
CN115362785A (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-11-22 | 三峡大学 | Method for promoting germination of Douglas fir-tree seeds in cement-based habitat base material |
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CN1647608A (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2005-08-03 | 四川省励自生态技术有限公司 | Southern herbal, bush and arbor anti-contravariance plant mixed seeds |
CN100348086C (en) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-11-14 | 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 | Evergreen vegetation planting method on slope of highway side in southern areas |
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2010
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CN1647608A (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2005-08-03 | 四川省励自生态技术有限公司 | Southern herbal, bush and arbor anti-contravariance plant mixed seeds |
CN100348086C (en) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-11-14 | 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 | Evergreen vegetation planting method on slope of highway side in southern areas |
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《城市森林学》 20060419 叶功富,洪志猛 华南地区植物群落配置 厦门大学出版社 第206页 1 , 1 * |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103703957A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2014-04-09 | 长江大学 | Slope protection method for highway slopes |
CN103703957B (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2016-06-29 | 长江大学 | A kind of bank protecting method of expressway slope |
CN105230176A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-01-13 | 云南大学 | Method for improving germination rate of Salix myrtillacea seeds |
CN105230176B (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2018-02-23 | 云南大学 | A kind of processing method for improving aalii seed germination rate |
CN106718541A (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-05-31 | 唐婧婵 | Method for direct seeding of Yinhua tree for forest culture and management in rocky desertification region |
CN111492875A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-08-07 | 深圳市仙湖植物园管理处(深圳市园林研究中心) | Road slope plant recovery method |
CN111492875B (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2022-05-20 | 深圳市仙湖植物园管理处(深圳市园林研究中心) | Road slope plant recovery method |
CN115362785A (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-11-22 | 三峡大学 | Method for promoting germination of Douglas fir-tree seeds in cement-based habitat base material |
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