CN105830738A - Planting soil layer and foundation suitable for greening planting of top plate of underground garage - Google Patents

Planting soil layer and foundation suitable for greening planting of top plate of underground garage Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105830738A
CN105830738A CN201610317121.8A CN201610317121A CN105830738A CN 105830738 A CN105830738 A CN 105830738A CN 201610317121 A CN201610317121 A CN 201610317121A CN 105830738 A CN105830738 A CN 105830738A
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China
Prior art keywords
layer
soil
soil layer
planting
plantation
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CN201610317121.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
聂毅
尹庆
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Guangzhou City Construction College
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Guangzhou City Construction College
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Priority to CN201610317121.8A priority Critical patent/CN105830738A/en
Publication of CN105830738A publication Critical patent/CN105830738A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage; Sky-lights

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of garden greening engineering, in particular to a planting soil layer suitable for greening planting of a top plate of an underground garage and further relates to a foundation suitable for greening planting of the top plate of the underground garage. The thickness of the planting soil layer is 80 cm or above. The planting soil layer is composed of a lower planting soil layer body, a humus generation layer and a surface soil layer from bottom to top. On the premise that loads of the top plate of the underground garage are not increased, water retention capacity of the planting soil layer is improved, maintenance water is reduced, rainwater can be effectively held, water quality of discharged rainwater is improved, plant growth conditions can be improved, and organic waste generated in agriculture can be utilized.

Description

It is applicable to plantation soil layer and the ground of top plate of underground parking garage planting technique
Technical field
The present invention relates to landscape engineering technical field, be specifically related to a kind of planting soil being applicable to top plate of underground parking garage planting technique Layer, further relates to a kind of ground being applicable to top plate of underground parking garage planting technique.
Background technology
In large-and-medium size cities, because of the surge of private car quantity, and the reason such as land price is expensive, for effectively save land used, increase resident The comfort level in district, underground garage has become the standard configuration of residential block.In order to ensure the landscape garden effect in residential block, at underground garage On top board, covering planting soil covering basement and tube net outside become the practice of modern residential block top plate of underground parking garage standard.
Top plate of underground parking garage carries out the small volume plants such as landscape garden greening, cover plant to be planted and undershrub, also to plant The arbor that implant amount is huge, this planting soil just requiring to cover adequate thickness on top plate of underground parking garage, such guarantee plant is being planted Plant soil layer consolidates and normally grow.
Therefore, the greening of current top plate of underground parking garage typically uses the following layout that constructs:
1) shed deckhead waterproof layer: waterproof roll or water-repellent paint, at least twice are waterproof.This is a very important step Suddenly, the using effect that garage is later is directly determined.
2) cement mortar protective layer is held concurrently screed-coat: for reducing the load of structure, should try one's best and arrange that subregion is levelling according to storm sewer, To reduce the thickness of screed-coat.
3) drainage blanket, drainage blanket: typically select Pumex, thickness 10~15 centimetres.Pumex is a kind of conventional lightweight drainage material Material, surface strength is high, and resistance to compression, light weight have certain backwater ability.
4) isolation filter course: run off to prevent planting soil from being brought into drainage blanket by water, one sealing coat is set under planting soil, both Porous, can stop again soil erosion.Typically use polyester non-woven fabric.
5) anti-puncture layer: because of the root system of root system of plant, especially megaphanerophyte, there is the strongest puncture ability, to waterproof material Destroy relatively big, therefore need to divide at plantation soil layer and put anti-root puncture layer.At present China's waterproof material common are aluminum alloy coiled materials, height Density polyethylene kind Low Density Polyethylene geomembrane and polrvinyl chloride these three.
6) waterproof material protective layer: the general coarse sand using 5 cm thicks.
7) plantation soil layer: for ensureing plant survival, planting soil layer thickness should have a minimum requirements.Soil layer is the thinnest, and plant can not Growth.From heat insulation and insulation from the point of view of, plantation soil layer can not be the thinnest.But come from underground garage structure cost and actually used angle Saying, plantation soil layer can not be the thickest, otherwise easily causes the problem that underground garage cost is out of control or top board load is excessive.Therefore, top Plate earthing minimum is usually 80cm, and average thickness plays slope can reach 120-150cm in about 100cm, local.During backfill planting soil The subsiding extent of soil should be taken into full account, tend to carry out the moulding of micro-slope in conjunction with draining, strengthen landscape effect and drain function.
In general, use the above practice, be to ensure that the basic effect of afforestation on top plate of underground parking garage in actual use 's.But according to actual survey, pay a return visit in conjunction with residential block property and resident family, find to exist following problem:
1) plant maintenance water consumption is huge
As a example by In Guangzhou Area June, under same landscape plant plants, general greenery patches, because being deep soil under plantation soil layer, The maintenance water of pouring will not continue to permeate downwards, but rests in the top layer planting soil of about 1 meter, therefore, once waters, Soak the degree of depth about 1 meter, it is possible to ensure plant 2-4 days uses water.And on top plate of underground parking garage, because of planting soil layer thickness the most only Having about 150cm, average thickness to be only 100cm, the backfill planting soil used, for controlling cost, the most also can only use deep layer Original soil is mixed in proportion with outsourcing planting soil, and is provided with drainage blanket below top plate of underground parking garage plantation soil layer, and this can cause in soil The rapidly downwards infiltration after pouring of maintenance water, then slip away by drainage blanket, therefore, the most once water, soak equally deeply Spending about 1 meter, but can only ensure plant 1 day uses water.
2) rainwater cannot be utilized effectively
Rainwater is valuable for greenery patches, general greenery patches, if it is less to water, moisture content can be retained in shallow soil layer;Precipitation is relatively Many, moisture can be detained a part at shallow soil layer, and remainder then can infiltrate through the soil of deeper, more unnecessary part just can be by Rainwash band is to municipal administration inlet for stom water.And the greenery patches on top plate of underground parking garage, the no matter number of precipitation, rainwater all cannot obtain very well Delay can not ooze down, rainwater can only be taken to municipal administration inlet for stom water, cause urban rainwater drainage system cannot bear after precipitation The biggest displacement, also has led to the generation of city phenomenon of " seeing sea ".
3) soil depletion, plant growing is obstructed, and landscape effect is unable to reach
Forming owing to the planting soil of backfill uses deep layer original soil to be mixed in proportion with outsourcing planting soil, it is raw for plant that it contains Long quantity of nutrient matter is extremely limited.In the case of nature, the microorganism in soil, especially fungal organisms, can make organic Thing humification, forms humus layer, and once humus layer is formed, then show that soil enters benign recurrent state.So-called " rotten Grow matter ", it is the organic substance that formed through microbial decomposition in soil of Organic substance, is the major part of the soil organism, mainly It it is the unbodied organic colloid of black.Humus be there is acidity, the macromolecular organic compound of colloidal that nitrogen content is the highest. Humus can decompose under certain condition lentamente, discharges the nutrient based on nitrogen and sulfur to supply plant absorption, releases two simultaneously Carbonoxide strengthens the photosynthesis of plant.Affect humus formed because have soil moisture and aeration status, temperature, soil reaction And soil organism carbon-nitrogen ratio.Humus is not only the main source of soil nutrient, and to the physics of soil, chemistry, biology Learn character all to have a major impact, be one of soil fertility index.But top plate of underground parking garage is owing to planting soil thickness is little, planting soil composition The reasons such as single, water condition is bad, do not possess the condition forming natural humus layer.
Summary of the invention
First technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of plantation soil layer being applicable to top plate of underground parking garage planting technique, Huge to solve the plantation soil layer plant maintenance water consumption of top plate of underground parking garage planting technique in prior art, rainwater cannot obtain effectively Utilizing, cause urban rainwater drainage system to bear, and soil depletion plant growing is obstructed, landscape effect is beyond one's reach problem.
The present invention solves its first technical problem by following technical solution: a kind of kind being applicable to top plate of underground parking garage planting technique Planting soil layer, described planting soil layer thickness is at more than 80cm, it is characterised in that described plantation soil layer from bottom to top includes lower planting soil Layer, humus generation layer and topsoil.
Described planting soil layer thickness is at more than 120cm.
Described humus generation layer minimum thickness is not less than 50cm, and by original soil or planting soil, (planting soil here is primarily referred to as buying Or obtain by other means farmland mellow soil, peat soil etc.), pulverize after Organic substance and the remaining culture medium of Edible Fungi Matter mixes.
Planting soil in described humus generation layer and the Organic substance mixed proportion after pulverizing between 1:1-2:1, organic after pulverizing The size of thing should control within 10mm;Organic substance in described humus generation layer and described culture matrix mixed proportion exist Between 10:1-20:1.
Described Organic substance is remaining soybean cake after coconut palm brick, soybean extract oil, pulverizes in organic waste produced by the agricultural productions such as Caulis et Folium Oryzae One or more mixing.
Organic substance after described topsoil uses deep layer original soil, planting soil and pulverizing is mixed in the ratio of 1:1:1, and thickness is the least In 20cm.
Described lower plantation soil layer minimum thickness is no less than 50cm, by deep layer original soil and planting soil according to the ratio between 1:1-2:1 Mix.
Second technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of ground being applicable to top plate of underground parking garage planting technique.
The present invention solves its second technical problem by following technical solution: a kind of ground being applicable to top plate of underground parking garage planting technique Base, described ground includes basement roof waterproof layer, the cement mortar protection being from bottom to top sequentially coated on basement structure top board Layer, drainage blanket, isolation filter course, anti-root puncture layer, protective layer and described plantation soil layer.
Relative to prior art, there is advantages that
1) under being not added with big top plate of underground parking garage load, promote plantation soil layer moisture holding capacity, reduce maintenance water, be effectively detained Rainwater also improves the water quality condition discharging rainwater
Humus generation layer mainly uses Organic substance to mix with original soil or planting soil, is ensureing that top plate of underground parking garage load does not increases On the premise of, thicken plantation soil layer, improve the backwater ability of plantation soil layer;Simultaneously as the existence of humus generation layer, It can improve soil during generating humus, increases the fertility of soil, increases the space allowing air and water enter, simultaneously Produce the necessary nitrogen of plant, sulfur, potassium and phosphorus, improve lower floor's soil property, make the physicochemical property of soil be improved, increase soil aperture Rate and the coefficient of volumetric expansion, make plantation soil layer after precipitation, it is possible to is effectively detained rainwater, and, the rainwater of discharge is due to through humus The filtration of layer, water quality can be improved, and alleviates the pressure of urban rainwater Systematic control sewage, humic in measuring and calculating, plantation soil layer Matter generation layer is after arranging 2 years, and the water holding effect of plantation soil layer can reach about the 80% of common greenery patches substantially.
2) plant growing condition is improved
Humus generation layer is after arranging, it is possible to the generation humus of continuous and effective, and humus can decompose under field conditions (factors) lentamente, Discharge and come based on the nutrient of nitrogen and sulfur, supply plant absorption, release carbon dioxide simultaneously and strengthen the photosynthesis of plant, promote The content of soil Middle nutrition material, improves vegetation growth state, strengthens vegetation and makes scape effect.
3) organic waste making agricultural generation is obtained by
The organic waste that one of main component of humus generation layer is agricultural production, the organic waste of a large amount of agricultural productions obtains Appropriate application, it is possible to reduce environmental pollution.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the layer structure schematic diagram of ground of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is applicable to the ground of top plate of underground parking garage planting technique and includes from bottom to top being sequentially coated on basement structure top board 1 On basement roof waterproof layer 2, cement mortar protective course 3, drainage blanket 4, isolation filter course 5, anti-root puncture layer 6, protection Layer 7 and plantation soil layer 8, wherein basement roof waterproof layer 2, cement mortar protective course 3, drainage blanket 4, isolation filter course 5, Anti-root puncture layer 6, protective layer 7 are consistent with described in background technology.
Plantation soil layer 8 thickness, generally at more than 120cm, from bottom to top includes lower plantation soil layer 8.1, humus generation layer 8.2 and Topsoil 8.3.
Humus generation layer 8.2 mainly uses Organic substance to mix with original soil or planting soil, owing to Organic substance density is less, so The present invention, on the premise of ensureing that top plate of underground parking garage load does not increases, has suitably thickened plantation soil layer, is conducive to promoting plantation soil layer Backwater ability.Humus generation layer 8.2 minimum thickness is no less than 50cm, the Organic substance after planting soil and pulverizing press 1:1 Ratio between 2:1 mixes, and the organic size after pulverizing should control within 10mm.Described Organic substance can One or both in organic waste produced by the agricultural production such as remaining soybean cake, pulverizing Caulis et Folium Oryzae after selection coconut palm brick, soybean extract oil Above mixing, in order to increase the quantity of bacterium colony group in soil, accelerates the formation speed of humus, and described organic waste is with edible Bacterium produces remaining culture matrix and is mixed according to the ratio between 10:1-20:1.Humus generation layer 8.2 is by constituting corruption The raw material growing matter generation layer is sprinkling upon on lower plantation soil layer through uniform spreading, and forms after flattening compacting, and compaction Control is about 80% i.e. Can.
Requiring humus generation layer 8.2 thickness at more than 50cm, main cause is to ensure that the Organic substance of q.s can mix Entering in planting soil, because it is a process the longest that humus generates, in an ecosystem, the circulation that humus generates is the fastest, Illustrate that this ecosystem is the most vibrant.Humus generation layer 8.2 needs Organic substance as raw material, and nature is due to plant and moves The death of thing, can ensure that Organic substance is supplied, and the animals and plants amount of having inside forest land is the highest, leaving over after animals and plants death Can ensure that humus forms circulation with speed quickly;On grassland, the animals and plants amount of having is low, leaving over only after animals and plants death To ensure that humus is circulated with a relatively low speed, here it is grassland ecology is easily broken and bad extensive why Multiple, and forestry ecology is after being ruptured, if the growth recovery of plant, the reason that ecology can quickly be recovered.But Artificial Green is such as Fruit the most artificially adds enough Organic substances, with the most domestic Green Space Maintenance custom, and what whole of dry branches and fallen leaves and the grass that shears off When rubbish is transported outward, not having Organic substance to supplement inside soil, humus layer does not has raw material, it is impossible to producing humus, soil is the most increasingly Barren, it is more and more bad that scape effect is made in greenery patches, can only lean on and use chemical fertilizer with strength, but chemical fertilizer causes soil compaction, good life State system does not becomes.
Estimate that humus generation layer 8.2 efficiently generates the time with the total amount of organic added, if humus generation layer 8.2 thickness Only about 10cm, then in 2 to four years, along with the generation of humus, total amount of organic can reduce rapidly.Certainly, this Shi Ruguo ensure that on Green Space Maintenance annual 2 to 3 times and ploughs, and adds in soil by dry branches and fallen leaves and other Organic substances, humic There is not big problem in the properly functioning of matter generation layer 8.2.It will be clear that regular ploughs in urban green space, especially residential area In greenery patches, it is infeasible.Meanwhile, China urban green space, shrub, be generally 15 years to 20 years by the time that updates normally, Therefore, in ensureing greenery patches 15-20, do not carrying out on the premise of Organic substance manually adds, effective ensureing that humus generates The normal operation of layer 8.2, the thickness of humus generation layer 8.2 should ensure that at more than 50cm.
Organic substance after topsoil 8.3 can use deep layer original soil, planting soil and pulverizing is mixed in the ratio of 1:1:1, then spreads out Being taped against in humus generation layer 8.2, minimum thickness is 20cm.
The generation of humus, is to carry out in the place that lighting conditions is bad.Nature, owing to there being dry branches and fallen leaves to cover and sufficiently high Natural canopy density, sylvan life illumination condition is the most bad, and the humidity near forest land is the highest, this just generation for humus carry Supply good condition.
But Artificial Green, one does not allow the highest canopy density, and two do not allow surface, greenery patches to have too many dry branches and fallen leaves to cover, Three for ensureing that scape effect is made in greenery patches, and green ground surface soil should make land used be covered by class plant, is not allow for too much hard and mats formation screening Lid, four come the humidity mankind to be suitable for rather than the generation of humus, so for the effective operation ensureing humus generation layer 8.2, Being necessary for covering one " topsoil " on humus generation layer 8.2, this topsoil 8.3 to play and to block sunshine, guarantor Wet, provide air exchange effect, ensure that again by the growth of class plant, so being mixed into certain organic topsoil 8.3 is simplest solution.
Lower plantation soil layer 8.1, major function includes: 1) water-retention, it is ensured that the humidity of humus generation layer;2) as filter course, Ensure that the humus generated will not be too fast with watering or natural rainwater is flushed away;3) as supporting course, one is provided for root system of plant The soil layer of individual fixing root system, it is ensured that plant, consolidating of big-and-middle-sized plant.
Lower plantation soil layer 8.1 minimum thickness is no less than 50cm, by deep layer original soil and planting soil according to the ratio between 1:1-2:1 Mix.
The plantation soil layer or the ground that use the present invention carry out top plate of underground parking garage planting technique, can be not added with big top plate of underground parking garage load On the premise of, promote plantation soil layer moisture holding capacity, reduce maintenance water, be effectively detained rainwater, improve the water quality condition discharging rainwater, Plant growing condition can also be improved, make the organic waste of agricultural generation obtain Appropriate application, reduce environmental pollution.The present invention also may be used Planting technique for the top board of some other some buildings suitable with top plate of underground parking garage situation.

Claims (8)

1. being applicable to a plantation soil layer for top plate of underground parking garage planting technique, described planting soil layer thickness is at more than 80cm, and it is special Levying and be, described plantation soil layer from bottom to top includes lower plantation soil layer, humus generation layer and topsoil.
Plantation soil layer the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described planting soil layer thickness is at more than 120cm.
Plantation soil layer the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described humus generation layer thickness is not less than 50cm, The culture matrix remaining by the Organic substance after original soil or planting soil, pulverizing and Edible Fungi mixes.
Plantation soil layer the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the planting soil in described humus generation layer and pulverizing After Organic substance mixed proportion between 1:1-2:1, the organic size after pulverizing is within 10mm;Described humus generates Organic substance in Ceng and described culture matrix mixed proportion are between 10:1-20:1.
Plantation soil layer the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described Organic substance is organic produced by agricultural production One or more mixing in garbage.
6. according to the plantation soil layer described in Claims 1 to 5 any one claim, it is characterised in that described topsoil uses deep Organic substance after layer original soil, planting soil and pulverizing is mixed in the ratio of 1:1:1, and thickness is not less than 20cm.
Plantation soil layer the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described lower plantation soil thickness is not less than 50cm, by Deep layer original soil and planting soil mix according to the ratio between 1:1-2:1.
8. employ described in claim 1~7 any one claim plantation soil layer a ground, described ground include by Lower and on be sequentially coated on basement structure top board basement roof waterproof layer, cement mortar protective course, drainage blanket, isolated Filtering layer, anti-root puncture layer, protective layer and described plantation soil layer.
CN201610317121.8A 2016-05-12 2016-05-12 Planting soil layer and foundation suitable for greening planting of top plate of underground garage Pending CN105830738A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107419855A (en) * 2017-06-06 2017-12-01 广州城建职业学院 A kind of large-scale arbor implantation methods suitable on top plate of underground parking garage
CN112314303A (en) * 2020-11-02 2021-02-05 秀艺(福建)园林工程有限公司 Basement roof cinnamomum camphora planting method
CN114946634A (en) * 2022-07-11 2022-08-30 北京农科华策农业科技有限公司 System and method for planting corn grass by adopting water-sand mixed mode

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CN203308010U (en) * 2013-06-04 2013-11-27 江苏中洋集团股份有限公司 Punching and leakage prevention structure for roots of big tree planted on top of underground garage
CN203538032U (en) * 2013-11-19 2014-04-16 北京东方园林股份有限公司 Roof greening planting structure
CN204948899U (en) * 2015-09-15 2016-01-13 广东易绿谷屋顶绿化有限公司 Sedum lineare roof greening pattern of farming

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1685788A (en) * 2005-05-08 2005-10-26 上海交通大学 Roof lawn used as putting green of golf
CN101444180A (en) * 2008-11-21 2009-06-03 杨一凡 Roof greening light turf
CN202338072U (en) * 2011-12-02 2012-07-18 四川省瑞云环境绿化工程有限公司 Building structure for greening top surface of building
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107419855A (en) * 2017-06-06 2017-12-01 广州城建职业学院 A kind of large-scale arbor implantation methods suitable on top plate of underground parking garage
CN107419855B (en) * 2017-06-06 2019-04-02 广州城建职业学院 A kind of large-scale arbor implantation methods suitable on top plate of underground parking garage
CN112314303A (en) * 2020-11-02 2021-02-05 秀艺(福建)园林工程有限公司 Basement roof cinnamomum camphora planting method
CN112314303B (en) * 2020-11-02 2022-09-16 秀艺(福建)园林工程有限公司 Basement roof cinnamomum camphora planting method
CN114946634A (en) * 2022-07-11 2022-08-30 北京农科华策农业科技有限公司 System and method for planting corn grass by adopting water-sand mixed mode

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Application publication date: 20160810