CN103703956A - Slope maintenance method - Google Patents
Slope maintenance method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103703956A CN103703956A CN201210375381.2A CN201210375381A CN103703956A CN 103703956 A CN103703956 A CN 103703956A CN 201210375381 A CN201210375381 A CN 201210375381A CN 103703956 A CN103703956 A CN 103703956A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a slope maintenance method. The slope maintenance method comprises the following steps of (1) fixing non-woven fabrics on a slope sown with seeds, and performing watering maintenance on the slope; wetting soil with the depth of 12-18cm during maintenance for the first time; keeping a surface layer, with the depth of 6-7cm, of the soil moist after 18-20 days; and removing the non-woven fabrics when the heights of vegetations on the surface of the slope are 5-10cm, watering the vegetations three times every week, wetting the soil with the depth of 1-2cm every time, and guaranteeing that the total watering time is not less than 30 days; (2) performing topdressing according to N:P:K=1-2.5:0.5-1.5:15-20g/m(2) during seedling stage of the vegetations on the slope, and performing topdressing according to N:P:K=8-12:6-8:4-6g/m(2) after seedling; and (3) spraying broad-spectrum agents during seedling stage of the vegetations on the slope. By using the slope maintenance method, field experiences are combined with experiments; a feasible solution is provided for solving the problem that later maintenance is difficult in a slope spraying technology; and the slope maintenance method facilitates greening of the domestic slope engineering.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of highway maintenance technology, particularly, relate to a kind of maintenance process of side slope.
Background technology
Along with putting more effort that country administers geological hazard control, dangerous slopes, the mankind improve constantly the requirement of living environment, although some exist potential safety hazard side slope to control slope stability after improvement, but vegetation can be seriously damaged, rock, soil can be exposed in a large number, form strong visual pollution, inharmonious mutually to the requirement of environment with the mankind.Spraying and seeding afforesting technology has become the conventional means of slope ecological recovery now.With greening scheme in the past, compare, cannot fixing soil and vegetation on exposed rock, the vegetation of planting in the soil layer after cutting slope is because the destruction of nutrition and environment is also not easy to survive.So use now the bulkhead tech of sowing grass seeds by duster to carry out domatic cleaning, spraying and sowing plant growth, plantation shrub, finally reach stability of slope, slope vegetation and surrounding enviroment combine together, eliminate visual pollution, the object of improving the ecological environment.
After plant is sowed grass seeds by duster, it is vital at grass seeds, germinateing, become level ground phase and nursery stock to recover the maintenance work of the phase of taking root.The maintenance in early stage of side slope vegetation, compares and has its special requirement with general Lawn, therefore will pay attention to especially.Especially the maintenance in early stage after heat and drought condition area construction is unusual the key link, more well-organized, strict operation.But a lot of units in charge of construction are not to take much count of this problem, basic reason for cost consideration: (1), in the place of high slope or lack of water, water seasoning is more difficult, because side slope is high, water pump is difficult to pump to the height needing; (2) draw at a distance water cost very large; (3) a lot of units in charge of construction think that grass is longer, have also just finished the work, and what major issue maintenance is not, thinks little of.A lot of spraying and seeding afforesting engineerings are constructed very successfully in earlier stage in fact, but because late maintaining is bad, make careless seedling withered, finally cause spraying and seeding afforesting failure.
Therefore, if take the actual field experience of the technology of sowing grass seeds by duster is basis, problem reason during analysis and summary spraying and seeding afforesting, provides a kind of side slope maintenance process, is specifically related to the economic side slope final-period management method of sowing grass seeds by duster, and certainly will have comparatively wide application prospect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of maintenance process of side slope, the method in conjunction with experimental study, proposes feasible solution for the sow grass seeds by duster difficult problem of late maintaining of technology of side slope from field experience.
The maintenance process of side slope provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:
1) water: on the side slope level ground bed of just sow, fixing nonwoven, the maintenance of sprinkling water; During maintenance first, soil is soaked to 12 ~ 18cm dark; After this, after 18 ~ 20 days, it is moistening that upper soll layer 6 ~ 7cm keeps; Side slope surface vegetation grows to 5 ~ 10cm when high, removes nonwoven, waters weekly 3 times, and by the wetting 1 ~ 2cm of soil, watering time is no less than 30 days altogether at every turn;
2) fertilising: the vegetation in side slope is during seedling stage, according to N:P:K=1 ~ 2.5:0.5 ~ 1.5:15 ~ 20g/m
2amount topdress, preferably the topdressing amount in seedling stage is N:P:K=1.5:1:16g/m
2; After seedling according to N:P:K=8 ~ 12:6 ~ 8:4 ~ 6g/m
2amount topdress, preferably the topdressing amount after seedling is N:P:K=10:7:5g/m
2;
3) prevention and elimination of disease and pests: the vegetation in side slope, during seedling stage, is sowed wide spectrum medicament.
The maintenance process of side slope of the present invention, also comprises and reseeding: after seed sprouting, to sparse, without territory, vegetation-covered area, carry out complementary seeding.
Wherein, the time of watering take and sooner or later carries out as good, each 1 time sooner or later, i.e. 6 ~ 8 points early, evening 17 ~ 18 points.
Wherein, hot-dry season, waters and increase by 2 ~ 3 times every day.
Wherein, the mode of watering adopts the mode that artificial water spray and sprinkling irrigation maintenance combine.
Hydraulic pressure while wherein, watering is: 1.6 ~ 2 atmospheric pressure.
Wherein, the vegetation in side slope is during seedling stage, and the cycle of topdressing is first quarter moon 1 time.
Wherein, in the time of after the vegetation seedling in side slope, the cycle of topdressing is March 1 time.
Wherein, described wide spectrum medicament comprises wide-spectrum bactericide and wide spectrum systemic insecticide, is specially: wide-spectrum bactericide is mancozeb, and wide spectrum systemic insecticide is malathion.
Wherein, the vegetation in side slope, during seedling stage, is sowed wide spectrum medicament 1 ~ 2 time.
Wherein, in the process of prevention and elimination of disease and pests, if Miao Houruo finds damage by disease and insect, should early find early control.
Wherein, reseed and rear vegetation seed is supplemented to liquid manure, be specially superphosphate 30g/m
2.
Domestic current technical merit and weather conditions two aspect factors have all determined to carry out maintenance to the seedling of sowing grass seeds by duster.Select to be applicable to Shrub Species and the grass seeds of the extensive management of local climate, soil condition and highway, after Cheng Ping, easy maintenance management; After having constructed, maintenance work to the effect that by watering, executing, (chasing after) is fertile, the control of damage by disease and insect with the work such as reseed, make plant all the time in healthy growth conditions.
Key problem in technology point of the present invention:
1, irrigation times should on a small quantity repeatedly be controlled hydraulic pressure, can not on domatic, form runoff; Avoid the high temperature at noon in summer, carry out irrigation operation sooner or later.
2, fertilising is suited measures to local conditions, and to local soil fertility, should detect, and what accomplishes to lack what is mended.
3, the extermination of disease and insect pest is accomplished putting prevention first and combining prevention with control, before damage by disease and insect spreads apart, controls within the specific limits.
4, reseed and to plant seed, should supplement in time liquid manure afterwards, promote to sprout.
The present invention has following useful technique effect:
1, economic benefit
Tradition engineering protection up-front investment is many, cost is high, and (cost is 150 yuan/m
2), quantities large (construction period 6 months), administering area, little (monomer is 10 ~ 15m
2), the later stage needs long-term input human and material resources and financial resources to overhaul maintenance.And little, the instant effect, effective of maintenance investment of sowing grass seeds by duster of the present invention, late maintaining workload is little, after Cheng Ping, does not just need to carry out maintenance work, can save a large sum of manpower financial capacity undoubtedly.
2, social benefit
The maintenance of sowing grass seeds by duster of the present invention can recover road natural vegetation along the line, and the conservation of nature ecological balance is improved the temperature and humidity of environment.Meanwhile, can absorb and fixed air in the tail gas of motor vehicle emission and the dust of generation, reach the object purifying air; Can also absorb and weaken driving noise, reduce the impact of driving on surrounding environment, alleviate solar radiation and beautify environment on the way, give pedestrian with comfortable sensation, be beneficial to traffic safety, there is significant social benefit.
In a word, the present invention studies in conjunction with experiment from field experience, for the sow grass seeds by duster difficult problem of late maintaining of technology of side slope, proposes feasible solution, and domestic slope project greening is played to help, has very high economic benefit and social benefit.
Embodiment
Following examples are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
The concrete operations condition that the present invention does not write exactly is the routine of this area and selects.
Material used is the conventional material that those skilled in the art can buy from the market.
Refer to the seedling stage of plant of the present invention (vegetation): high from being seeded into covering earth's surface 6 ~ 8cm; After referring to seedling stage after seedling.
1, water: side slope is due to special landforms, and the sunshine time is long, moisture evaporation is fast, therefore waters and seems particularly important.
(1) on the side slope level ground bed of new sowing plant, after nonwoven is fixing, the maintenance of should sprinkling water in time.During maintenance first, should make water fogging, make ground moistening dark to 15cm.After this period of time (after 20 days), it is moistening that upper soll layer 6 ~ 7cm must keep, because of chitting piece root system shallow, need often to supply with moisture, should adhere on a small quantity repeatedly, watering number of times is depending on local climate and vegetation growth status, to keep domatic moistening, do not affect vegetation growth for degree.The time that maintenance is watered take and sooner or later carries out as good, avoids under strong sunlight, carrying out wet curing, in order to avoid the seedling leaves of burning as far as possible.
(2) domatic grass grows to 5～10cm when high, removes nonwoven and the fixing bamboo nail of nonwoven, still adheres to 3 times weekly, sooner or later sprinkles water at every turn, and the time is no less than 30 days.Hot-dry season, seed young shoot and seedling, because ground high temperature is easily burned, should increase water spray every day 2 ~ 3 times.Moistening 1 ~ 2cm waters at every turn.In this period, should inspect building site every day and keep hypothallus moistening, make it enter smoothly growth animated period.
The way that the mode of watering adopts artificial water spray and sprinkling irrigation maintenance to combine, suits measures to local conditions according to actual conditions.Artificial water spray should adopt spraying nozzle to move sprinkling, controls shower nozzle and domatic distance and translational speed well, water is nebulized moistening domatic equably, and assurance is impacted domatic formation runoff without curing water, stops maintenance blind area.Latter about 1 month its seed of construction of generally sowing grass seeds by duster can basically form stable slope vegetation, and therefore continuing curing time early stage is 25～45 days.At careless seedling, become level ground, seedling growth normal rear (after about 3 months) to reduce gradually irrigation times, temper the adaptive capacity of plant.But in 1 year, especially in dry season, to it, regularly nurse depending on weather condition, progressively enter self-sow state.
2, fertilising: because the land occupation condition of side slope is harsh, preserve moisture and fertility ability is poor, fertilising just seems particularly important to the growth of slope plant, but in order to make each Plants can reach the state of balanced growth, interspecies competition is normal, finally reach slope plant diversity group, must suitably adjust fertilization type (being specially Common compound fertilizer) and fertilizing amount and (be specially 10 ~ 20g/m
2), get hold of fertilising season (being specially spring, Qiu Liangji) and fertilization time (being specially May and October), rationally adjust fertile relation between supply and demand between plant.Plant fertilizer deficiency just there will be undergrowth, and the cauline leaf rubescent sclerosis of turning to be yellow, damages attractive in appearance.In order to make side slope vegetation grow prolifically, reach real biological protection effect, must use sufficient fertilizer, fertilizing amount is determined according to the situation of growing and the soil regime of vegetation.Topdress and take foliage fertilizer (being specially common commercially available foliage fertilizer) and quick-acting fertilizer (being specially Common compound fertilizer) as main.Topdress and should adopt a small amount of principle repeatedly, with unburned seedling.Generally in seedling stage according to N:P:K 1.5:1:16g/m
2amount supplement, the cycle of topdressing is first quarter moon 1 time.After seedling, supplement depot fertilizer, mainly take fertilizer as main (being specially common commercially available chicken manure fertile), topdressing amount is N:P:K=10:7:5g/m
2, the cycle of topdressing is March 1 time.
3, prevention and elimination of disease and pests: the general selection of side slope vegetation has the plant variety of the ability of stronger pest-resistant evil, disease, but when high temperature, high humidity and nutrient are not enough, easily cause that inside plants physiological function or external form change, cause decaying until dead of plant part or most of area, affected the performance of biological protection system effect, thereby must effectively prevent and treat Diseases of Turfgrass by several single or comprehensive methods, mainly by chemical control, reach the order ground of prevention and elimination of disease and pests.Carry out damage by disease and insect detection, find in time, in time control.Should regularly spill wide spectrum medicament seedling stage, prevents in time the generation of various damage by disease and insect.After seedling, to conscientiously do plant protection inspection well, find in time and prevention and elimination of disease and pests, accomplish early to find early control, guarantee the healthy normal growth of slope plant.
4, reseed: after seed sprouting, should to sparse, without the area of coverage, carry out after-culture in time.After seedling, carry out general census work, for the position of obvious bald spot, should give after-culture.
Embodiment
After certain high speed side slope spraying and seeding afforesting of the north, the maintenance measure following (in conjunction with the content of above-mentioned embodiment) of taking:
1, water: before plant seed is emerged, every day is (early 7 points, late 5 thirty) respectively water 1 time (hydraulic pressure while watering is 1.8 atmospheric pressure) sooner or later.Plant seed can reduce irrigation times after emerging gradually.While growing to 5 ~ 6cm or 2 ~ 3 leaves to careless seedling, take nonwoven off; After slope plant Cheng Ping, proceed to Routine Management.
2, fertilising: topdress when the plants such as side slope lawn grow to 4 ~ 5 leaf, take the commercially available composite fertilizer of high-quality as main, each 10g/m
2left and right.
3, diseases and pests controlling: during the plant seedlings such as lawn, especially at high temperature season, easily there is brown spot, rotten mould fusarium wilt, should be in time with wide-spectrum bactericide (be specially: mancozeb, spill once) control; Find that insect pest uses wide spectrum systemic insecticide (be specially: malathion, spill once) control immediately.
4, reseed and rear plant seed is supplemented to liquid manure superphosphate 30g/m
2.
Method therefor cost of the present invention is 12.5 yuan/m
2, can administer side slope area, total construction period is 2 months.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a maintenance process for side slope, comprises the following steps:
1) water: in the side slope of having sowed, fixing nonwoven, watering maintenance; During maintenance first, soil is soaked to 12 ~ 18cm dark; After 18 ~ 20 days, it is moistening that upper soll layer 6 ~ 7cm keeps; Side slope surface vegetation grows to 5 ~ 10cm when high, removes nonwoven, waters weekly 3 times, and by the wetting 1 ~ 2cm of soil, watering time is no less than 30 days altogether at every turn;
2) fertilising: the vegetation in side slope is during seedling stage, according to N:P:K=1 ~ 2.5:0.5 ~ 1.5:15 ~ 20g/m
2amount topdress, after seedling according to N:P:K=8 ~ 12:6 ~ 8:4 ~ 6g/m
2amount topdress;
3) prevention and elimination of disease and pests: the vegetation in side slope, during seedling stage, is sowed wide spectrum medicament.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the vegetation in side slope is during seedling stage, according to N:P:K=1.5:1:16g/m
2amount topdress, after seedling according to N:P:K=10:7:5g/m
2amount topdress.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the method also comprises and reseeding: the vegetation seed in side slope carries out complementary seeding to sparse without territory, vegetation-covered area after germinateing.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, respectively waters 1 time water sooner or later.
5. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, hot-dry season waters and increase by 2 ~ 3 times every day.
6. according to the method described in claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that the mode of watering and adopting artificial water spray and sprinkling irrigation maintenance to combine.
7. according to the method described in claim 4 ~ 6 any one, it is characterized in that, the hydraulic pressure while watering is: 1.6 ~ 2 atmospheric pressure.
8. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the vegetation in side slope is during seedling stage, and the cycle of topdressing is first quarter moon 1 time; In the time of after vegetation seedling in side slope, the cycle of topdressing is March 1 time.
9. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described wide spectrum medicament comprises wide-spectrum bactericide mancozeb and wide spectrum systemic insecticide malathion.
10. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, reseeds rear to the supplementary liquid manure superphosphate 30g/m of vegetation seed
2.
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| CN201210375381.2A CN103703956B (en) | 2012-09-29 | 2012-09-29 | Slope maintenance method |
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| CN201210375381.2A CN103703956B (en) | 2012-09-29 | 2012-09-29 | Slope maintenance method |
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| CN103703956B CN103703956B (en) | 2015-06-17 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109392348A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-03-01 | 杨龙斌 | A method of reducing soil secondary salinization |
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| CN109392348A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-03-01 | 杨龙斌 | A method of reducing soil secondary salinization |
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