CN103689554A - 一种蛹虫草脂质体的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种蛹虫草脂质体的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属生物医学领域，涉及食品领域，特别涉及蛹虫草脂质体的制备及其在食品中的用途。本发明公开了一种蛹虫草脂质体食品及其制备方法。本发明以蛹虫草粉为主要原料，加入形成脂质体的脂类物质后溶于水中，采用超高压均质设备纳米化处理，将蛹虫草的功效成分包裹于脂质体的脂质双分子层中，形成蛹虫草脂质体，可直接制备脂质体饮料，也可在干燥之后制备成脂质体干粉。本发明制备的蛹虫草脂质体颗粒粒径分布均匀、性质稳定；制备方法操作简便，生产成本低；同时生产过程中不使用有机溶剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品领域，更具体地，涉及一种蛹虫草脂质体的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
脂质体又称微脂球、类脂小球，是包封药物的类脂双分子层超微小球体。由天然膜成分组成的脂质体，其双层结构基本上和天然细胞膜相类似。通过人工方法合成的脂质体可用于包裹药物成分，其具有靶向传输、缓释控制、保护有效成分等特点和优势，因此是一种有效的药物载体新剂型。
脂质体在食品工业中可以用作有效成分的有效载体，对一些在热、光、氧化等条件下不稳定和易受破坏的营养成分起到保护作用，防止一些营养成分与食物中其他成分的相互接触而发生不必要的反应。脂质体能够改善营养成分的经肠传递、提供保护作用，能够更有效地穿透细胞膜。用脂质体微胶囊化包裹能有效地在胃蛋白酶环境下保护其中的免疫球蛋白活性。
普通的脂质体制备技术，如反相蒸发法等，其制备的脂质体包封率较高、产品的粒径分布也比较均匀。但是其制备过程中被包封物质要接触有机溶剂，如乙醚或乙醇等，造成产品的安全性受到一定的影响，同时去除有机溶剂的工序对时间和设备的要求较高。另外超声法制备脂质体有的也需要用到有机溶剂，一般只能用于小规模的生产，较难实现连续操作。由于受到制备方法的局限，使得目前脂质体食品在包封率、粒径分布、产量规模、生产成本等方面存在着许多需要解决的问题，因此研究一种经济有效的脂质体制备方法具有重要的科研价值和经济效益。
蛹虫草又名北虫草、北冬虫夏草，《新华本草纲要》记载其“味甘，性平，益肺，补精髓，止血化痰”。蛹虫草富含天然冬虫夏草中含有的虫草酸、虫草素、腺苷、多糖、蛋白质等。研究表明，蛹虫草具有抗疲劳、耐缺氧、抗衰老和抗肝纤维化等功能，特别是具有明显的增强非特异性免疫系统的作用，能增强巨噬细胞的吞噬功能，促进抗体形成。
现有的蛹虫草产品食用方法大多为煲汤、泡酒、冲剂等，这些产品中蛹虫草的活性成分含量析出少，容易破坏和吸收率低。而且目前蛹虫草的提取方法，大部分都依赖于有机溶剂的萃取功能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有脂质体制备技术和蛹虫草食品加工技术的不足，提供一种新的蛹虫草脂质体的制备方法。
本发明提供一种蛹虫草脂质体的制备方法，其特征在于，包括下列步骤：
i. 将蛹虫草子实体用机械粉碎和气流粉碎的方法粉碎至粒度为300~500目的蛹虫草超微粉；
ii. 将蛹虫草超微粉加水溶解，用超高压细胞破碎机提取蛹虫草活性成分；
iii. 将大豆软磷脂、维生素C、维生素E溶于水中，并与步骤ii所得的溶液混合均匀；
iv. 将步骤iii所得的溶液用超高压纳米均质机进行纳米均质混匀；
v. 将辅助成分溶于水中，均质搅拌均匀，并与步骤iv所得的溶液混合均匀；
vi. 将步骤v所得的溶液用超高压纳米均质机进行纳米均质混匀，记得蛹虫草脂质体。
所述的超高压提取和纳米均质时的操作压力为1200~2000 bar。
所述的辅助成分为龙眼 0.05~0.5mg/ml、核桃0.05~0.5mg/ml、红枣0.05~0.5mg/ml、枸杞0.03~0.3mg/ml、麦芽糊精1~10%(W/V)、白砂糖0.5~5%(W/V)、甘草0.05~0.5mg/ml、桑椹0.05~0.5mg/ml、核桃0.05~0.5mg/ml、莲子0.05~0.5mg/ml、葵花籽0.05~0.5mg/ml、罗汉果0.05~0.5mg/ml、杏仁0.05~0.5mg/ml、茯苓0.05~0.5mg/ml、蜂蜜0.05~0.5mg/ml、橘红0.05~0.5mg/ml、葛根0.05~0.5mg/ml、山楂0.05~0.5mg/ml、木瓜0.05~0.5mg/ml、丁香0.05~0.5mg/ml、食用香精0.02~0.2mg/ml、柠檬酸钠0.02~0.2mg/ml、果胶0.02~0.2mg/ml、山梨酸钾0.03~0.2mg/ml中的一种或多种。
所述的辅助成分为100~300目粒度的细粉或其提取物。
按重量比计，蛹虫草超微粉：大豆磷脂：维生素C：维生素E为1：0.8~1.5：0.001~0.01：0.0002~0.002。
还包括步骤vii. 将步骤vi所得溶液装瓶密封后高温灭菌即得蛹虫草脂质体饮料。
还包括步骤 viii. 将步骤vi所得溶液真空冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥即得蛹虫草脂质体粉。
提供一种上述制备方法制备的蛹虫草脂质体在饮料、固体饮料、片剂或胶囊产品中的应用。
本发明具有如下主要优点：
1、 本发明采用的蛹虫草脂质体食品制备技术不使用乙醚、乙醇等有机溶剂，避免了有机溶剂残留对食品安全卫生存在的隐患。同时不采用有机溶剂，节省了该项原料的成本，而且不需要去除有机溶剂的工艺步骤，省去了大量的操作时间成本。另外生产设备不需要针对有机溶剂有额外的要求，减少了设备投入和损耗。目前大部分的制备都是需要依赖于有机溶剂才能实现
2、 采用超高压细胞破碎机对蛹虫草成分进行提取以及超高压纳米均质机进行脂质体纳米乳化均质，比一般的振荡处理、球磨处理、超声处理等制备方法有更高的脂质体包封率，脂质体的粒径更加均匀。操作时在低温下进行，能更好地保持原有物质活性和性能。此外可实现连续操作。
3、 本发明制备的蛹虫草脂质体食品性状稳定、颜色均匀，热处理后仍能保持颜色均匀稳定的悬乳液状态。经过人工胃液和人工肠液的消化试验检测，与未包裹的蛹虫草饮料相比，蛹虫草脂质体具有明显的缓释作用，在胃液作用后能保留更多的活性成分。
4. 高压匀质法是一种常规的脂质体制备方法，但是本发明使用高压匀质法不但实现了脂质体的制备，同时将高压匀质法与蛹虫草的分离提取结合，利用高压匀质法本身的功能，实现了蛹虫草的进一步提取，使得蛹虫草在不需要有机溶剂的条件，也能实现有效的提取。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进一步详细说明本发明。除非特别说明，本发明采用的试剂、设备和方法为本技术领域常规市购的试剂、设备和常规使用的方法。
实施例1
取蛹虫草子实体超微粉200g加入4L水，300rpm搅拌20分钟，将溶液加入超高压细胞破碎机的进料杯中，设置工作压力1500bar，以8~10L/h的速率进样，操作温度4~6℃。
取大豆软磷脂220g、龙眼提取物8g、核桃提取物4g、红枣提取物4g、枸杞提取物2g、维生素C0.2g、维生素E 50mg、白砂糖10g等溶于6L水中，300rpm搅拌20分钟，将溶液与蛹虫草子实体溶液混合均匀后加入超高压纳米均质机的进料杯中，设置工作压力1800bar，以8~10L/h的速率进样，操作温度4~6℃。将所得脂质体溶液分装到50ml玻璃瓶中，高温蒸汽灭菌，即得蛹虫草脂质体饮料。
实施例2
取蛹虫草子实体超微粉400g、大豆软磷脂400g、龙眼提取物8g、维生素C 0.8g、维生素E 50mg加入10L水，300rpm搅拌60分钟，将溶液加入超高压细胞破碎机的进料杯中，设置工作压力1800bar，以8~10L/h的速率进样，操作温度4~6℃。将所得脂质体溶液分装到50ml玻璃瓶中，高温蒸汽灭菌，即得蛹虫草脂质体饮料。
激光粒度分析表明，所得脂质体以363.3nm为有效直径呈正态分布，多分散系数0.662。以虫草为指标检测，所得脂质体溶液包封率达到33.5%。
实施例3
取蛹虫草子实体超微粉300g加入6L水，300rpm搅拌30分钟，将溶液加入超高压细胞破碎机的进料杯中，设置工作压力1500bar，以8~10L/h的速率进样，操作温度4~6℃。
取大豆软磷脂300g、桑椹提取物8g、莲子提取物4g、葵花籽提取物4g、杏仁粉2g、维生素C 0.75g、维生素E 50mg、麦芽糊精200g等溶于4L水中，300rpm搅拌45分钟，将溶液将溶液与蛹虫草子实体溶液混合均匀后加入超高压纳米均质机的进料杯中，设置工作压力1800bar，以8~10L/h的速率进样，操作温度4~6℃。将所得脂质体溶液倒入不锈钢盘中，真空冷冻干燥，将干燥后的固体研磨成粉即得蛹虫草脂质体固体饮料。
实施例4
取蛹虫草子实体超微粉300g加入6L水，300rpm搅拌30分钟，将溶液加入超高压细胞破碎机的进料杯中，设置工作压力1500bar，以8~10L/h的速率进样，操作温度4~6℃。
取大豆软磷脂300g、山楂提取物8g、木瓜提取物4g、橘红提取物4g、甘草提取物4g、蜂蜜5g、维生素C 0.75g、维生素E 50mg、麦芽糊精200g等溶于4L水中，300rpm搅拌45分钟，将溶液将溶液与蛹虫草子实体溶液混合均匀后加入超高压纳米均质机的进料杯中，设置工作压力1800bar，以8~10L/h的速率进样，操作温度4~6℃。将所得脂质体溶液进行喷雾干燥，设置入口温度105℃，所得粉末为蛹虫草脂质体固体饮料。
实施例5
取蛹虫草子实体超微粉350g、大豆软磷脂350g、龙眼提取物8g、葛根提取物4g、木瓜粉3g、丁香提取物3g、罗汉果提取物3g、维生素C 0.75g、维生素E 50mg、麦芽糊精200g加入10L水，300rpm搅拌60分钟，将溶液加入超高压细胞破碎机的进料杯中，设置工作压力1800bar，以8~10L/h的速率进样，操作温度4~6℃。将所得脂质体溶液进行喷雾干燥，设置入口温度105℃，所得粉末为蛹虫草脂质体固体饮料。
实施例6
取蛹虫草子实体超微粉250g、大豆软磷脂250g、龙眼提取物8g、维生素C 0.75g、维生素E 50mg、麦芽糊精100g加入10L水，300rpm搅拌60分钟，将溶液加入超高压细胞破碎机的进料杯中，设置工作压力1800bar，以8~10L/h的速率进样，操作温度4~6℃。将所得脂质体溶液倒入不锈钢盘中，真空冷冻干燥，将干燥后的固体研磨成粉即得蛹虫草脂质体固体饮料。
实施例7
取蛹虫草子实体超微粉400g、大豆软磷脂400g、龙眼提取物8g、核桃提取物4g、红枣提取物4g、枸杞提取物2g、维生素C 100mg、维生素C 0.75g、维生素E 50mg加入10L水，300rpm搅拌60分钟，将溶液加入超高压细胞破碎机的进料杯中，设置工作压力1800bar，以8~10L/h的速率进样，操作温度4~6℃。将所得脂质体溶液分装到50ml玻璃瓶中，高温蒸汽灭菌，即得蛹虫草脂质体饮料。
实施例8
取蛹虫草子实体超微粉400g、大豆软磷脂400g、加入9.5L水中，300rpm搅拌60分钟，将溶液加入超高压细胞破碎机的进料杯中，设置工作压力1800bar，以8~10L/h的速率进样，操作温度4~6℃。取龙眼提取物8g、核桃提取物4g、红枣提取物4g、枸杞提取物2g、果胶3g、维生素C 100mg、维生素E 50mg溶于0.5L水中，与纳米均质化处理的蛹虫草脂质体溶液混合均匀，将所得溶液分装到50ml玻璃瓶中，高温蒸汽灭菌，即得蛹虫草脂质体饮料。
Claims (8)
1. 一种蛹虫草脂质体的制备方法，其特征在于，包括下列步骤：
i. 将蛹虫草子实体用机械粉碎和气流粉碎的方法粉碎至粒度为300~500目的蛹虫草超微粉；
ii. 将蛹虫草超微粉加水溶解，用超高压细胞破碎机提取蛹虫草活性成分；
iii. 将大豆软磷脂、维生素C、维生素E溶于水中，并与步骤ii所得的溶液混合均匀；
iv. 将步骤iii所得的溶液用超高压纳米均质机进行纳米均质混匀；
v. 将辅助成分溶于水中，均质搅拌均匀，并与步骤iv所得的溶液混合均匀；
vi. 将步骤v所得的溶液用超高压纳米均质机进行纳米均质混匀，记得蛹虫草脂质体。
2. 如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，超高压提取和纳米均质时的操作压力为1200~2000 bar。
3. 如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的辅助成分为龙眼 0.05~0.5mg/ml、核桃0.05~0.5mg/ml、红枣0.05~0.5mg/ml、枸杞0.03~0.3mg/ml、麦芽糊精1~10%(W/V)、白砂糖0.5~5%(W/V)、甘草0.05~0.5mg/ml、桑椹0.05~0.5mg/ml、核桃0.05~0.5mg/ml、莲子0.05~0.5mg/ml、葵花籽0.05~0.5mg/ml、罗汉果0.05~0.5mg/ml、杏仁0.05~0.5mg/ml、茯苓0.05~0.5mg/ml、蜂蜜0.05~0.5mg/ml、橘红0.05~0.5mg/ml、葛根0.05~0.5mg/ml、山楂0.05~0.5mg/ml、木瓜0.05~0.5mg/ml、丁香0.05~0.5mg/ml、食用香精0.02~0.2mg/ml、柠檬酸钠0.02~0.2mg/ml、果胶0.02~0.2mg/ml、山梨酸钾0.03~0.2mg/ml中的一种或多种。
4. 如权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的辅助成分为100~300目粒度的细粉或其提取物。
5. 如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，按重量比计，蛹虫草超微粉：大豆磷脂：维生素C：维生素E为1：0.8~1.5：0.001~0.01：0.0002~0.002。
6. 如权利要求1所示的制备方法，其特征在于，还包括步骤vii. 将步骤vi所得溶液装瓶密封后高温灭菌即得蛹虫草脂质体饮料。
7. 如权利要求1所示的制备方法，其特征在于，还包括步骤 viii. 将步骤vi所得溶液真空冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥即得蛹虫草脂质体粉。
8. 一种如权利要求1所述制备方法制备的蛹虫草脂质体在饮料、固体饮料、片剂或胶囊产品中的应用。
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| CN107753433B (zh) * | 2017-12-06 | 2020-05-22 | 吉林省蚕业科学研究院 | 一种纳米蛹虫草肽脂质体及其制备方法和一种口服液制剂 |
| CN108617916B (zh) * | 2018-03-05 | 2021-05-14 | 江南大学 | 一种蛋白-多糖复合凝聚稳定的纳米蛹虫草复合粉制作方法 |
| CN110538203A (zh) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-06 | 南京益唯森生物科技有限公司 | 蛹虫草素脂质体复合物、提取物及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN112823666A (zh) * | 2019-11-21 | 2021-05-21 | 江苏省农业科学院 | 一种同时含叶黄素和蛹虫草醇提物的纳米脂质体及其制备方法 |
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