CN103688761A - Feeding substrate and artificial feeding method for increasing later-period survival rate of larvae of hepialus armoricanus which is host of cordyceps sinensis - Google Patents
Feeding substrate and artificial feeding method for increasing later-period survival rate of larvae of hepialus armoricanus which is host of cordyceps sinensis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feeding substrate and an artificial feeding method for increasing a later-period survival rate of larvae of hepialus armoricanus which is a host of cordyceps sinensis. The feeding substrate is a mixed substrate comprising to-be-processed feeding soil and soil with hyphae of pleurotus eryngii. The to-be-processed feeding soil is mixed soil comprising highland humus soil from cordyceps sinensis producing areas and coarse sand, particles of pleurotus eryngii solid mother strains are cultured in highland humus soil from the cordyceps sinensis producing areas and then are smashed to form the soil with the hyphae of the pleurotus eryngii, and the highland humus soil for culturing the particles contains saw dust and coarse sand. The feeding substrate and the artificial feeding method have the advantages that the hyphae of the pleurotus eryngii is fixedly planted and grown in the soil of the larva feeding substrate, so that nutrition can be provided for the larvae via zero distance, pleurotus eryngii fungi are used as antagonistic bacteria for preventing diseases and contaminating microorganisms, growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria can be competitively inhibited, the diseases can be effectively reduced, and the feeding substrate and the artificial feeding method have obvious features, merits and important practical significance on artificial cultivation of the cordyceps sinensis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of host of Cordyceps sinensis bat moth larvae and raise matrix and rearing method, belong to the special cultivation field in agricultural.
Background technology
Cordyceps sinensis is the rare rare medicinal herbs that originates in Qinghai-Tibet Platean, with ginseng, pilose antler title " Chinese medicine Triratna ".It is the complex of fungi and insect larvae corpse.Aweto parasitizes the Larva Morpho. Logy of the Lepidoptera Hepialidae insect living in the humus soil of plateau, draw host's nutrition, to larva, die of illness rigid, from its head, grow stroma, form the Cordyceps sinensis that has both larva and stroma (careless shape) form.
The artificial culture difficulty of Cordyceps sinensis is very large.China, since its nurturing research at the end of the seventies, not yet successfully realizes large-scale industrialized production so far.The cultivating process of Cordyceps sinensis is more more complicated than the farming of animals and plants single in agricultural or mushroom class, has both needed to hold (larva), the growth-development law of fungi of animal, also will understand both interactions.The process of artificial culture can be rough be divided into 3 steps, the raising of host larva, the cultivation of fungi and the combination of entomogenous fungi.
Host larva is equivalent to the nutrient medium raw material of aweto growth and breeding, present stage the artificial culture of Cordyceps sinensis be seriously limited by the low survival rate of larva raising, the biological property of this and larva is closely related.Larva Morpho. Logy occupies bat moth insect growth and grows most times from generation to generation, and breeding cycle is long, and operation link is many, the fresh-keeping difficulty of feed.Larva is movable in soil, constructs tunnel, weaves silk and builds chamber.The people that the process of changing feed and soil unavoidably produces polypide and soil be stir, growth and survival that position, the density of food and accessible degree larva and food between etc. of larva after moving all can affect larva.
In the whole cycle of bat moth larvae artificial feeding, often according to the taking food of larva, movable situation, and the progress of growing is partitioned into the different stages.In the present invention, by 1-3 age, the feeding period that body length is less than 2.5cm larva divides early stage into, and the larva raising phase in 4 ages and the above length of time is the later stage.Raise the later stage, larva scope of activities expands, and takes food and drain showed increased, and inhabited environment worsens, and damage by disease and insect takes place frequently.Particularly the disease of pathogenic bacteria and fungi, often causes the infection of larva large area, death, and insect population quantity sharply declines, and later stage survival rate is low and unstable.
In larva raising process, the extermination of disease and insect pest mainly comprises physics and chemical method, yet impact based on many factors all fails to obtain very stable effect.Conventional measure comprises the strict sterilization processing of soil, feed, container tool and environment; In soil, spray antimicrobial; Feed not perishable feed (the feed complexity of rotting, with its nutrition, palatability be all the important indicator of feed screening, the former is even even more important); Fresh feed and the soil etc. of changing upgrade in time.
In the pathogen disease control of crops, there is the microbial antibacterial agent of antagonism, Antagonistic Fungi biopesticide development potentiality is huge, and the extermination of disease and insect pest of host's larva raising is also had to larger reference.The mechanism of Antagonistic Fungi inhibition pathogen has multiple, as produced antibacterial material, the competition of space and nutrition, the parasitism to pathogen, inducing plant resistance etc.By spraying plant tissue surface, seed dipping, fills with the methods such as root, and plant is formed to protective layer.Antagonistic Fungi biopesticide is with fastest developing speed in biological control, and one of method of best results, has the remarkable advantages such as free from environmental pollution, non agricultural chemical residuum, and its applicable value in the disease control of host larva must be furtherd investigate.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, a kind of rearing method for improving the raising matrix of host of Cordyceps sinensis bat moth larvae later stage survival rate and utilizing this raising matrix to carry out is provided, with and improve the especially larva later stage survival rate of raising of larva raising.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, raising host of Cordyceps sinensis bat moth larvae later stage survival rate of the present invention raising matrix used is pending raising soil and with the mixed-matrix of Xingbao mushroom mycelia soil,
Described pending raising soil is the mixed soil of Cordyceps sinensis place of production plateau humus soil and rough sand,
Describedly with Xingbao mushroom mycelia soil, by female the kind after particle is cultivated in plateau, the Cordyceps sinensis place of production humus soil containing wood chip, rough sand of Xingbao mushroom solid, pulverize and obtain.
Further, described pending raising soil and account for the 45%-75% of whole mixed-matrix gross mass containing water quality with the mixed-matrix of Xingbao mushroom mycelia soil.
Further, describedly with Xingbao mushroom mycelia soil volume, account for pending raising soil and with the 20%-33% of the mixed-matrix cumulative volume of Xingbao mushroom mycelia soil.
Further, in described pending raising soil, rough sand volume accounts for the 30%-65% of this pending raising soil cumulative volume.
Further, it is 5%-8% that described band Xingbao mushroom mycelia soil is admixed wood chip volume content by the female kind of Xingbao mushroom solid particle, rough sand volume content is in plateau, the Cordyceps sinensis place of production humus soil of 15%-35%, adjust soil moisture mass content 45%-75%, under 23 ℃ of-28 ℃ of conditions, cultivate after 7-12 days and pulverize and obtain.
The rearing method of foregoing raising matrix to host of Cordyceps sinensis bat moth larvae, this raising method comprises the steps:
The expansion of A, Xingbao mushroom mycelia is numerous: containing corresponding proportion wood chip, in the plateau humus soil of rough sand, access the female kind of Xingbao mushroom solid particle, and cultivate 7-12 days under 23 ℃ of-28 ℃ of temperature condition;
The preparation of B, pending raising soil: in proportion Cordyceps sinensis place of production plateau humus soil and rough sand are mixed;
C, raise the preparation of matrix soil: after expanding pulverizing with Xingbao mushroom mycelia soil after numerous, fully mix with the pending raising soil mixing, the moisture mass percent 45%-75% of adjusting soil, is the matrix soil of larva raising;
D, feed intake and feed: in larva raising box, pack into and raise matrix soil and feed, and throw in the larva of some, the initial stage keeps 16 ℃-20 ℃ of raising temperatures, after 3-5 days, it is 5 ℃-15 ℃ that temperature is controlled, humidity 65%-90%.
The present invention passes through in larva raising matrix soil, field planting growth Xingbao mushroom mycelia, for larva provides the nutrition supply of zero distance, utilize Xingbao mushroom bacterium as the Antagonistic Fungi of preventing and treating disease miscellaneous bacteria simultaneously, the competitive Growth and reproduction that suppresses pathogen, effectively reduce the generation of disease, there is outstanding feature and advantage, for the artificial culture of Cordyceps sinensis, have important practical significance:
1. significantly improve the survival rate in larva later stage feeding process.
2. reduced pathogenicity disease.
3. strengthened uniformity and synchronism that in larva colony, Different Individual is grown, the subsequent step of cultivating for Cordyceps sinensis provides high-quality larva colony.
4. simplify daily management link, reduced feeding cost.
Embodiment
Principle of the present invention is: Xingbao mushroom mycelia, for larva provides nutrition, passes through the selected common edible fungus variety Xingbao mushroom of feed screening, and its mycelia can be for feeding larva the certain palatability of tool.Compare other food materials of feeding more agreeable to the taste time, its total space in soil distributes, and distributes and can make up to a certain extent the deficiency of palatability with the zero distance of larva.Simultaneously Xingbao mushroom bacterium can more effectively suppress latent pathogen at soil particle, larva ight soil, the propagation on feed.Xingbao mushroom mycelia is in the low temperature range of larval growth, and mycelia still has stronger vigor, and field planting in the substrate spreads, and occupies the growing space in soil, the emulative growth that suppresses latent pathogen, the generation of effectively pre-preventing disease and pest.Inhibition to pathogen, can reduce the frequency of artificial replacing feed and soil, reduces the interference to the host larva living in soil.Factor based on above, this raising method can effectively improve the survival rate of larva.
Embodiment 1:
The preparation of the raising matrix soil of breeding grub
1, the preparation of sterilization: by plateau humus soil, rough sand, stand-by after 4 hours through 60 ℃ of bakings; Containing 50%(quality) wood chip of moisture, generally adopt weed tree sawdust (weed tree sawdust refers to the wood chip mixture being formed by different tree species), stand-by after 30 minutes through 121 ℃ of high pressure steam sterilizations; Disinfection by ultraviolet light is carried out to 30 minutes in operating space; Raising box, container tool, work clothes etc. disinfects accordingly.
2, the preparation of Xingbao mushroom mycelia soil to be inoculated: in the container of 1L, add the rough sand of volume 150mL-350mL, the 50%(quality of 50mL-80mL) weed tree sawdust of water content, with plateau humus soil, fill up again the container of 1L, puddle evenly, while mixing, add sterile water, regulating the water content of soil in container is 45%-75%(quality).
3, Xingbao mushroom mycelia access soil expands numerous cultivation: in the above soil of preparing, the female particle 80mL that plants of access Xingbao mushroom solid, stirs.After inoculation, 23 ℃-28 ℃ of temperature, under the condition of humidity 60%-85%, cultivate 7-12 days, being cultured to soil has part caking rear stand-by.
4, the preparation of pending raising soil: in the container of 1L, add 300mL-650mL rough sand, then fill up the container of 1L with plateau humus soil, puddle evenly, add sterile water while mixing, regulating the water content of soil in container is 45%-75%(quality).
5, raise the preparation of matrix soil: the soil that accesses Xingbao mushroom mycelia and cultivated 7-12 days is pulverized, fully mixed with the pending raising soil of 2-4 times of volume.In 5 ℃ of-10 ℃ of preservation conditions of temperature, in next week, use.
6, the blank of matrix soil: in step 3, the Xingbao mushroom solid of access is female plants particle 121 ℃ of high pressure steam sterilizations 30 minutes in advance, other steps and feed substrate soil prepare operation repetitive, prepare the blank of matrix soil, for contrasting investigation.
Embodiment 2:
Under feed adding conditional, the impact of different substrates on later stage larva raising
1, the input of matrix: in the raising box of 0.2 square metre of three uncovered area, respectively put into the difference of equivalent and raise matrix: putting into plateau humous is control group 1, put into embodiment 1 blank matrix for control group 2, put into embodiment 1 the matrix soil with Xingbao mushroom mycelia be experimental group.
2, the input of 4 instar larvaes and raising: collect 300 4 instar larvaes, weigh one by one, calculate average weight.Trisection is put into three and is raised box.Keep ambient humidity 65%-90%.Initial stage keeps 16 ℃-20 ℃ of raising temperatures, and after 3-5 days, temperature is adjusted to 7 ℃.Breeding cycle 1 month.
3, the investigation of larval growth state: raise after 1 month, add up three survival larva numbers of raising in box, weigh one by one, calculate average weight.Concrete outcome is as follows:
Table 1: under feed adding conditional, the impact of different substrates on larval growth
| Throw in larva number | Survival larva number | Survival rate | Throw in larva average weight | Survival larva average weight | Body weight gain rate | |
| Control group 1 | 100 | 72 | 72% | 0.1173 | 0.0862 | -26.51% |
| Control group 2 | 100 | 68 | 68% | 0.1205 | 0.0812 | -32.61% |
| Experimental group | 100 | 83 | 83% | 0.1132 | 0.1203 | 6.27% |
4, result shows: by relatively not containing the control group 1 of Xingbao mushroom mycelia in matrix, in matrix, access in the control group 2 of deactivation pleurotus eryngii quel strains and matrix soil with the experimental group of Xingbao mushroom mycelia, show: Xingbao mushroom mycelia increases for the body weight of larva and survival has significant impact.Larva, in the environment that does not have plant roots and stems Gong to take food, can take food Xingbao mushroom mycelia.
Embodiment 3:
Feed under carrot condition, the impact of different substrates on later stage larva raising
Regional artificial feeding bat moth larvae beyond in Cordyceps sinensis producing region, conventional carrot, Ipomoea batatas, the common vegetable plant such as potato is as the feed of larva.First, to excavate the wild food materials in the place of production far away, high expensive; Second, some vegetable plant of feeding, the growth rate of larva even can be faster.But vegetable plant is generally apt to deteriorate, need to change frequently fresh food materials, increased daily management link and human cost, the interference of larva is increased, be significantly reduced to motility rate.In this example, investigate the situation of feeding vegetable plant carrot.
1, the input of matrix and feed: in the raising box of 0.2 square metre of four uncovered area, respectively put into matrix and equivalent carrot that equivalent is different: control group 1 and control group 2 add plateau humus soil and carrot, in experimental group 1 and experimental group 2, add matrix soil and the carrot with Xingbao mushroom mycelia, carrot is substantially evenly put in soil, and soil covers feed completely.
2, the input of 4 instar larvaes and raising: collect 400 4 instar larvaes, weigh one by one, calculate average weight and relative average debiation.The quartering is put into four and is raised box.Keep ambient humidity 65%-90%.Initial stage keeps 16 ℃-20 ℃ of raising temperatures, and after 3-5 days, temperature is adjusted to 14 ℃.Total breeding cycle 42 days.
3, the replacing of feed: control group 1 and experimental group 1 after throwing in larva the 21st day, in box, choose residual carrot, change fresh carrot.
4, the investigation of larval growth state: raise after 42 days, add up four survival larva numbers of raising in box, and weigh one by one, calculate average weight and relative average debiation.Concrete outcome is as follows:
Table 2: feed under carrot condition, the impact of different substrates on later stage larval growth
| Throw in larva number | Survival larva number | Survival rate | Throw in larva average weight | Throw in larva body weight relative average debiation | Survival larva average weight | Body weight gain rate | Survival larva body weight relative average debiation | |
| Control group 1 | 100 | 74 | 74% | 0.1219 | 2.3% | 0.1424 | 16.82% | 3.8% |
| Control group 2 | 100 | 42 | 42% | 0.1277 | 2.6% | 0.1506 | 17.93% | 4.6% |
| Experimental group 1 | 100 | 72 | 72% | 0.1181 | 2.1% | 0.1453 | 23.03% | 1.1% |
| Experimental group 2 | 100 | 87 | 87% | 0.1209 | 2.4% | 0.1478 | 22.25% | 1.5% |
5, result shows: with the matrix soil of Xingbao mushroom mycelia, significantly improve the survival rate of larva, reduce the number of times that feed is changed, the synchronism of larval growth strengthens.When control group 1 is changed feed on the 21st day, seen the carrot that part is rotten.The low survival rate of control group 2 and residual carrot resting period in soil are long, obviously rotten and rotten carrot is closely related to the pollution of surrounding enviroment soil.The survival rate reduction of control group 1 and experimental group 1 is changed operation with feed and is caused the interference of larva relevant.
Embodiment 4
Feed under bulbil Liao condition, the impact of different substrates on later stage larva raising
In wild environment, bulbil Liao in larval feeding soil, the rhizome of the plateau plants such as Fruit of Panax ginseng.As conventional larva foodstuff, these plateau plants have resistance to depositing, not perishable, reduce the advantage that feed is changed number of times.But also exist in soil, easily grow miscellaneous bacteria, the situation of damage by disease and insect easily occurs, in this example, investigate bulbil Liao's that feeds situation.
1, the input of matrix and feed: in the raising box of 0.2 square metre of four uncovered area, respectively put into bulbil Liao of different matrix and the equivalent of equivalent: getting 2 boxes is control group, add plateau humus soil and bulbil Liao, getting other 2 boxes is experimental group, add matrix soil and bulbil Liao with Xingbao mushroom mycelia, bulbil Liao substantially evenly puts in soil, and soil covers feed completely.
2, the input of 4 instar larvaes and raising: collect 400 4 instar larvaes, weigh one by one, calculate average weight and relative average debiation.The quartering is put into four and is raised box.Keep ambient humidity 65%-90%.Initial stage keeps 16 ℃-20 ℃ of raising temperatures, and after 3-5 days, temperature is adjusted to 12 ℃.Total breeding cycle 3 months.
3, the investigation of larval growth state: respectively after raising 45 days and 90 days, respectively get the box of 1 box control group and experimental group, observe the growing state of soil surface miscellaneous bacteria, add up four survival larva numbers of raising in box, and weigh one by one, calculate average weight and relative average debiation.Concrete outcome is as follows:
Table 3: feed under bulbil Liao condition, the impact of different substrates on later stage larval growth
| Observing time | Throw in larva number | Survival larva number | Survival rate | Throw in larva average weight | Throw in larva body weight relative average debiation | Survival larva average weight | Body weight gain rate | Survival larva body weight relative average debiation | |
| Control group | 45 days | 100 | 89 | 89% | 0.1321 | 2.2% | 0.1621 | 22.71% | 5.2% |
| ? | 90 days | 100 | 68 | 68% | 0.1249 | 2.5% | 0.1684 | 34.83% | 4.3% |
| Experimental group | 45 days | 100 | 87 | 87% | 0.1391 | 2.7% | 0.1608 | 15.60% | 1.3% |
| 90 days | 100 | 85 | 85% | 0.1245 | 2.5% | 0.1692 | 35.90% | 1.2% |
4, result shows: the raising survival rate of 90 days, and with the experimental group of the matrix soil of Xingbao mushroom mycelia, the control group humous apparently higher than plateau, the assorted microbial damage by disease and insect of the reduction of survival rate and soil is closely related.The top layer of the control group soil of 90 days, the visible big and small mold colony of dozens of, large colony diameter has 8cm.And the top layer of the experimental group soil of 90 days does not almost have miscellaneous bacteria bacterium colony, only there are fragmentary distribution and area of colony very little, varied bacteria growing is subject to obvious inhibition.The experimental group of 45 days and control group soil surface are not found obvious miscellaneous bacteria.
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described.Although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, technical scheme of the present invention is modified or is equal to replacement, do not depart from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. improve a host of Cordyceps sinensis bat moth larvae later stage survival rate raising matrix used, it is characterized in that this raising matrix is pending raising soil and with the mixed-matrix of Xingbao mushroom mycelia soil,
Described pending raising soil is the mixed soil of Cordyceps sinensis place of production plateau humus soil and rough sand,
Describedly with Xingbao mushroom mycelia soil, by female the kind after particle is cultivated in plateau, the Cordyceps sinensis place of production humus soil containing wood chip, rough sand of Xingbao mushroom solid, pulverize and obtain.
2. raising host of Cordyceps sinensis bat moth larvae later stage survival rate according to claim 1 raising matrix used, is characterized in that described pending raising soil and containing water quality, accounts for the 45%-75% of whole mixed-matrix gross mass with the mixed-matrix of Xingbao mushroom mycelia soil.
3. raising host of Cordyceps sinensis bat moth larvae later stage survival rate according to claim 1 raising matrix used, is characterized in that describedly with Xingbao mushroom mycelia soil volume, accounting for pending raising soil and with the 20%-33% of the mixed-matrix cumulative volume of Xingbao mushroom mycelia soil.
4. raising host of Cordyceps sinensis bat moth larvae later stage survival rate according to claim 1 raising matrix used, is characterized in that rough sand volume in described pending raising soil accounts for the 30%-65% of this pending raising soil cumulative volume.
5. raising host of Cordyceps sinensis bat moth larvae later stage survival rate according to claim 1 raising matrix used, it is characterized in that it is 5%-8% that described band Xingbao mushroom mycelia soil is admixed wood chip volume content by the female kind of Xingbao mushroom solid particle, rough sand volume content is in plateau, the Cordyceps sinensis place of production humus soil of 15%-35%, adjust soil moisture mass content 45%-75%, under 23 ℃ of-28 ℃ of conditions, cultivate after 7-12 days and pulverize and obtain.
6. the rearing method to host of Cordyceps sinensis bat moth larvae by the raising matrix described in claim 1-5 any one claim, is characterized in that this raising method comprises the steps:
The expansion of A, Xingbao mushroom mycelia is numerous: containing corresponding proportion wood chip, in the plateau humus soil of rough sand, access the female kind of Xingbao mushroom solid particle, and cultivate 7-12 days under 23 ℃ of-28 ℃ of temperature condition;
The preparation of B, pending raising soil: in proportion Cordyceps sinensis place of production plateau humus soil and rough sand are mixed;
C, raise the preparation of matrix soil: after expanding pulverizing with Xingbao mushroom mycelia soil after numerous, fully mix with the pending raising soil mixing, the moisture mass percent 45%-75% of adjusting soil, is the matrix soil of larva raising;
D, feed intake and feed: in larva raising box, pack into and raise matrix soil and feed, and throw in the larva of some, the initial stage keeps 16 ℃-20 ℃ of raising temperatures, after 3-5 days, it is 5 ℃-15 ℃ that temperature is controlled, humidity 65%-90%.
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| CN106010977A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-12 | 浙江农林大学 | Method for artificial infection of ghost moth larvae on hirsutella sinensis |
| CN105941340A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-09-21 | 浙江农林大学 | An artificial culture method for ghost moth larvae, the hosts of ophiocordyceps sinensis |
| CN106912451A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2017-07-04 | 广东东阳光药业有限公司 | A kind of matrix and method of the domestication of bat moth larva raising |
| CN106912451B (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2019-07-09 | 广东东阳光药业有限公司 | A kind of matrix and method of the domestication of bat moth larva raising |
| CN107006522A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-08-04 | 成都图径生物科技有限公司 | The biological control method of Paecilomyces varioti during bat is raised |
| CN107006522B (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2020-02-18 | 成都图径生物科技有限公司 | Biological control method of paecilomyces varioti in hepialus breeding |
| CN112673890A (en) * | 2019-10-19 | 2021-04-20 | 东莞市东阳光冬虫夏草研发有限公司 | Method for reducing arsenic and heavy metal content of ecological breeding cordyceps sinensis |
| CN112673890B (en) * | 2019-10-19 | 2024-01-16 | 东莞市东阳光冬虫夏草研发有限公司 | Method for reducing arsenic content and heavy metal content of ecological breeding cordyceps sinensis |
| CN113475648A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-10-08 | 成都天草生物科技有限公司 | Artificial feed for hepialus armoricanus low-age larvae as well as preparation method and application of artificial feed |
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