CN103688204B - 用于光波导的耦合器 - Google Patents

用于光波导的耦合器 Download PDF

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CN103688204B
CN103688204B CN201280032840.5A CN201280032840A CN103688204B CN 103688204 B CN103688204 B CN 103688204B CN 201280032840 A CN201280032840 A CN 201280032840A CN 103688204 B CN103688204 B CN 103688204B
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optical filter
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简·卡伦德鲁赛
沃克尔·辛恩霍夫
克里斯蒂安·韦斯林
卡伊·乌尔夫·马库斯
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Ingeneric GmbH
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Abstract

为了自动识别光波导的过热,用于光波导(28)的耦合器(16)包括用于第一光波导(28)的光波导连接(26)。根据本发明的耦合器(16)包括设置在激光光源(11)和光波导连接(26)之间的光路中的光滤波器(20),其反射第一波长范围(22)或第一偏振化方向的光和透射第二波长范围(24)或第二偏振化方向的光。

Description

用于光波导的耦合器
技术领域
本发明涉及用于将光波导连接至关联的光波导连接的耦合器。
背景技术
耦合器耦合由激光光源产生的光进入光波导,以便进一步的使用。该光波导可为导管或医疗产品的一部分,例如,意欲为了治疗或诊断的目的将激光引入人体或动物体。作为一个可选方案,光波导也可用于材料处理或用于电信和信息技术领域中的信息传输。特别地,当用作医学技术中的导管时,具有光波导过热的重大风险。利用有缺陷的或污染的光波导,激光辐射光波导纤维周围的覆层中和/或在芯体的断点(breaking point)上被吸收。由此,纤维被加热。该加热可引起纤维材料熔化或甚至蒸发。特别地,作为纤维破裂的结果,例如在由液体围绕的心导管的情况下,增加的激光吸收可导致温度高达1,000℃的等离子体形成。特别地,心导管患者由于一旦过热而形成的等离子体而产生50%死亡风险。光波导的过热可能成为光导纤维破裂的典型结果。
发明内容
本发明的目的是在预定时间段内检测光波导的过热。
本发明的耦合器由权利要求1的特征定义。
根据本发明,耦合器包括设置在激光光源和光波导连接之间的光路中的折射或衍射滤波器,该滤波器反射第一波长范围或第一偏振化方向的光和透射第二波长范围或第二偏振化方向的光。光的反射或透射依赖波长或偏振化在光滤波器中实现。因此,在耦合器中,当光波导变得过热的情况下产生的热辐射或等离子体产生的处于可见光的波长范围中的白光,可沿不同于激光光路的光路由滤波器引导。因此,本发明的基本想法是提供激光和热辐射/白光(在下文中被称为信号辐射)的光路的依赖波长和/或偏振化的分离,以便能够分别检测一旦波导过热产生的辐射并将它识别为波导过热的指示。
这里,通常可想到将光滤波器设计为介质镜并例如以90°角反射激光到光波导连接上,但是在过热期间产生并通过波导反射到光滤波器上的信号辐射通过光滤波器透射并在与光波导连接相对的光滤波器侧上检测。作为一个可选方案,可设计光滤波器,以便激光从激光光源通过光滤波器透射到相对的光波导连接,而反射的信号辐射例如在90°角下、在镜子上从光波导连接反射。决定性的是光滤波器实施依赖波长-或偏振化的反射和透射,以便在耦合器中将耦合入光波导的光的光路从一旦波导过热而反射的信号辐射的光路中分离,以便反射的信号辐射可作为波导过热的指示分别进行检测。
作为一个可选方案,光滤波器可被设计为衍射折射或透射格栅或色散棱镜,其取决于波长、偏振化和入射角使在不同方向上从波导反射的辐射衍射或折射,,从而信号辐射可通过多个检测器的空间隔离在光谱上分辨。优选地,第一测光仪装置设置在从光波导连接经光滤波器延伸至第一测光仪装置的光路中,以便一旦过热而产生的反射的信号辐射可由第一测光仪装置测量。优选地,第一仪表装置设置在与光滤波器相对的光波导连接侧上并将激光从激光光源反射至光波导连接,所述光滤波器透射反射的信号辐射。
作为一个可选或附加方案,第二测光仪装置可设置在从激光光源经光滤波器至第二仪表装置的光路中,以便能够检测也在激光光源和光滤波器之间的波导中的过热或电缆破裂。这里,应分别设计第一仪表装置和/或第二仪表装置,以测量在第一或第二波长范围中的光的输出,以便仅测量例如一旦纤维过热的信号辐射,而不检测将损害测量结果的激光的噪音部分。
第一和/或第二仪表装置优选包括具有光滤波器的光电二极管,其位于光电二极管和光滤波器之间的光路中,光滤波器仅允许一个波长范围的光通过并阻止其他波长范围的光。作为一个可选方案,该仪表装置也可为具有成排设置的多个光敏传感器的检测器。
由光滤波器反射的第一波长范围优选包括超出可见光范围的至少一个激光光源的波长范围,以便仅激光而没有可见信号辐射由光滤波器反射。第一波长范围可处于超过800nm的红外线范围内,而第二波长范围为可见光的波长范围,特别是低于800nm。因此,光滤波器仅透射以一旦由纤维破裂引起过热而产生的白光形式存在的信号辐射,而不透射来自激光光源的激光。透射的信号辐射由仪表装置之一进行检测。在由仪表装置之一检测信号辐射后,可激活紧急停止功能,该功能允许当波导过热时,激光光源在几毫秒的时间内停止工作,以便避免患者的健康风险。
光滤波器可反射第一波长范围即激光的光输出的一部分,和可透射该光输出的一部分。例如,反射的激光部分可从激光光源引导至光波导连接,而另一部分向两个仪表装置之一透射,以便立即从所测量的光输出检测对激光光源和光滤波器之间的供给光路的损坏。
除了光波导连接,耦合器优选进一步包括波导输入,第二光波导可连接至波导输入,以便供应外部激光源的激光至耦合器。
用于集束激光或信号辐射的集束光学器件可设置在第二波导和光滤波器之间、光滤波器和第一波导之间、光滤波器和第一仪表装置之间和/或光滤波器和第二仪表装置之间。
附图说明
以下时参考附图的本发明实施方式的详细说明。
在图中:
图1为第一实施方式的示意性图解,
图2为包括第一和第二波长范围的波长成分的图,
图3为第一实施方式的简化的图解,
图4显示了与图3中的图解相对应的第二实施方式,
图5显示了与图3中的图解相对应的第三实施方式,
图6显示了与图3中的图解相对应的第四实施方式,和
图7图解了另一实施方式的细节。
具体实施方式
图1示出了常规设计的激光器10,其包括以激光二极管的形式存在的激光光源11,用于产生激光。该激光具有大约980nm的工作波长,其超出可见光的380–780nm的波长范围。产生的激光被耦合至第二光波导12并经波导入口14被耦合至本发明的耦合器16。耦合的激光通过集束光学器件18引导至光滤波器20上,该滤波器相对于激光的传播以大约45°的倾角设置在从波导入口14至光滤波器20的光路中。
光滤波器20反射大于850nm的第一波长范围22内的光,而小于850nm的第二波长范围24的光被透射。因此,耦合的具有波长980nm的激光通过光滤波器以90°反射朝向光波导连接26,并经光波导连接26耦合至第一光波导28。波导28为用于心脏病学应用的激光心导管,以便以大约40W的典型输出引导激光至受影响的心肌区域,以便治疗心功能不全或心肌扰动或心率。一旦波导破裂或波导的多个纤维破裂,则能量在破裂位点上转化为热。当用于患者的充血的心脏或血管系统中时,高达1,000℃和以上的所得温度引起等离子体形成,其产生以白光形式存在的信号辐射。激光和信号辐射(白光)之间的差别专门基于依赖波长,或如果可以,依赖偏振化并因此不依赖输出。由此,以相对于激光显著更低的输出检测信号辐射也是可能的,该信号辐射通过光波导28返回至光波导连接26。
由光波导连接26反射的白光通过光波导连接26和光滤波器20之间的集束光学器件30引导至光滤波器20,并且不通过所述集束光学器件30反射到波导入口14上,但向第一测量装置32透射。白光透射但不反射,因为它的最大780nm的波长落入由镜子20透射但不反射的低于850nm的第二波长范围24。第一测量装置32设置在与光滤波器20相对的光波导连接26侧上,以便光路沿直线路程从光波导连接26通过光滤波器20至第一测量装置32的光电二极管。
第一测量装置32进一步设置有在测量装置32的光滤波器20和光电二极管之间的光滤波器。光滤波器为具有在可见光范围内的通带的带通滤波器,以便可能的波长大于900nm的激光不到达光电二极管。
第二测光仪装置34设置在与滤波器20相对的光波导入口14侧,以便来自光波导入口14的光经光滤波器20入射在第二仪表装置34的光电二极管上。因此,入射在光波导入口14上的由于耦合的第二光波导12中的破裂而产生的白光可通过光滤波器20透射并由第二仪表装置34的光电二极管测量。另外,设计光滤波器20,以便大约99.99%的第一波长范围22的激光被反射和大约0.01%的输出被透射。因此,在正常操作中,利用未损坏的第二波导12,第二仪表装置34检测0.01%的激光输出。如果激光输出显著不同于0.01%,则因为太少的激光到达耦合器10,例如因为波导破裂或裂开或激光光源11的故障,或因为,由于激光光源11的故障,耦合的激光输出超过对患者有危险的程度,测量的信号可激活紧急停止功能,以便激光源停止工作。
图2示出了两个波长范围22和24通过光滤波器20相互分离。由激光光源11产生的激光在980nm的激光的工作波长范围内具有最大值,其被标准化至值1。如由光滤波器20的透射曲线说明的(由虚线图解),具有工作波长980nm的激光不被透射,而是被反射。在第二波长范围24中,可看见在670nm和750nm之间的范围内的进一步的局部最大值。波长成分产生于由波导28损坏引起的可见光(白光)范围内的信号辐射。信号辐射的该波长成分几乎完全由光滤波器20透射,但不被反射,如由利用用于图2中透射的波长成分的虚线的重叠部分代表的。
图3为第一实施方式的基本原理的简化图解,其中激光(显示为阴影线)的绝大部分从光波导入口14反射至光波导连接26并向第二仪表装置34透射较小的部分。光滤波器20透射信号辐射(显示为点),其在光波导28中反射,从光波导连接26完全朝向第一测量装置32。
图4示出的第二实施方式不同于图3的第一实施方式,其在于光波导入口14和光波导连接26沿直线路经设置在光滤波器20的相对侧,其中第一波长范围22的光的主要部分(激光)通过光滤波器20透射朝向光波导连接26,而第一波长范围22中光输出的较小部分通过光滤波器20反射朝向第二仪表装置34。在光波导28中反射的信号辐射(显示为点)在光滤波器20上从光波导连接26完全反射至第一测量装置32。
图5示出的第三实施方式不同于图3的第一实施方式,其在于第一波长范围22的光输出在光滤波器20上从光波导入口14完全反射朝向光波导连接26,其没有任何部分被透射。未设置第一测量装置32。
图6示出的第四实施方式不同于图4图解的第二实施方式,其在于整个第一波长范围22的光输出(激光)从光波导入口14通过光滤波器20,在光波导连接26的方向上透射,没有任何部分的第一波长范围22的光输出被反射。未设置第二测光仪装置34。
对图1至6进行补充,图7描述了包括衍射光滤波器20的设置,其中信号光22通过衍射在光谱上分解成不同部分的光束24a、24b、24c并被分配至测光仪装置32a、32b、32c。

Claims (13)

1.用于光波导的耦合器(16),所述耦合器(16)用于检测第一光波导(28)的过热,所述耦合器(16)包括用于第一光波导(28)的光波导连接(26),以及设置在激光光源(11)和所述光波导连接(26)之间的光路中的光滤波器(20),所述光滤波器(20)反射第一波长范围(22)的光并透射第二波长范围(24)的光,其特征在于:
所述激光光源(11)产生的激光和连接到所述光波导连接(26)的所述第一光波导(28)过热直接产生的信号辐射的光路被分离,所述信号辐射为处于可见光的波长范围中的白光,该分离依赖波长,以便信号辐射被单独地检测出来,并被识别为所述第一光波导(28)过热的指示。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耦合器(16),其特征在于第一测光仪装置(32)设置在从所述光波导连接(26)经所述光滤波器(20)至所述第一测光仪装置(32)的光路中。
3.根据权利要求2所述的耦合器(16),其特征在于第二测光仪装置(34)设置在从所述激光光源(11)经所述光滤波器(20)至所述第二测光仪装置(34)的光路中。
4.根据权利要求3所述的耦合器(16),其特征在于分别设计所述第一测光仪装置(32)和/或所述第二测光仪装置(34),以测量所述第一或所述第二波长范围(22、24)中的光输出。
5.根据权利要求4所述的耦合器(16),其特征在于所述第一测光仪装置(32)和/或所述第二测光仪装置(34)分别包括在光电二极管和所述光滤波器(20)之间的光路中的光电二极管和光滤波器,设置在激光光源(11)和所述光波导连接(26)之间的光路中的光滤波器(20)仅透射由所述第一测光仪装置(32)和/或所述第二测光仪装置(34)测量的光输出的波长范围的光。
6.根据权利要求1所述的耦合器(16),其特征在于所述第一波长范围(22) 包括超出可见光范围的至少一个激光源的波长范围。
7.根据权利要求1所述的耦合器(16),其特征在于所述第一波长范围(22)处于超过800nm的红外线波长范围内。
8.根据权利要求1所述的耦合器(16),其特征在于所述第二波长范围(24)为可见光的波长范围。
9.根据权利要求1所述的耦合器(16),其特征在于所述第二波长范围(24)处于低于800nm的可见光的波长范围内。
10.根据权利要求1所述的耦合器(16),其特征在于所述光滤波器(20)反射所述第一波长范围(22)的一部分光输出和透射所述第一波长范围(22)的一部分光输出。
11.根据权利要求3所述的耦合器(16),其特征在于光集束光学器件(18、30)设置在所述光滤波器(20)和第一光波导(28)之间、所述光滤波器(20)和第二光波导(12)之间、所述光滤波器(20)和所述第一测光仪装置(32)之间和/或所述光滤波器(20)和所述第二测光仪装置(34)之间。
12.根据权利要求1所述的耦合器(16),其特征在于所述耦合器包括用于第二光波导(12)的光波导入口(14),其中所述光滤波器(20)设置在所述光波导入口(14)和所述光波导连接(26)之间的光路中。
13.根据权利要求1所述的耦合器(16),其特征在于用于信号光的所述耦合器包括在光谱上分配所述信号光至不同测光仪装置的衍射或色散滤波器。
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