CN103650888A - Method for planting pumpkins covered with small and medium canopies - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting pumpkins covered with small and medium canopies. The method includes the first step of making seedbeds, the second step of using hot water to warn seeds, accelerating germination at constant temperature, placing the seeds into hot water at 55 DEG C, stirring the hot water until the water temperature reduces to 30 DEG C, soaking the seeds for 4-6 hours, taking out the seeds, draining water in the seeds, placing the seeds in a constant-temperature oven at 30 DEG C for accelerating germination, using warm water at 30 DEG C to leach the seeds every day, and seeding when more than 85% of seeds germinate, the third step of sprouting at optimum temperature, the fourth step of pruning branches and tendrils when the tendrils grow to 50cm or so, reserving a main tendril and two strong son-tendrils for each seedling and removing other son-tendrils and grandson-tendrils, and the fifth step of carrying out hand pollination, wherein the hand pollination should be carried out at early morning and completed before nine o'clock due to the fact that the pumpkins subjected to hand pollination will bloom within five to six o'clock at early morning. The cultivation technology using the method has the advantages of low cost, high output and high efficiency and is quickly popularized at present. Moreover, the method is simple and convenient to use.

Description

Hut mulching plant method in a kind of pumpkin

 

Technical field:

The present invention relates to growing vegetables technical field, relate in particular to hut mulching plant method in a kind of pumpkin.

 

Background technology:

Pumpkin is the plant of Curcurbitaceae Cucurbita.Different because of the place of production, call is different.Have another name called wheat melon, pumpkin, pumpkin, golden wax gourd, Formosan is called golden melon, originates in Central and South America.Pumpkin has plantation all over China, Hokkaido be take as large in Japan.Tender fruity is sweet agreeable to the taste, is one of melon dish of summer and autumn.Capable of using as feed or the coarse cereals of old melon, so there are a lot of places to be called again meal melon.At west pumpkin, be commonly used to make pumpkin pie, i.e. the sweet cake of pumpkin.Pumpkin melon seeds can be cooked snacks.Pumpkin is the annual draft of overgrowing.Mostly be oval, stem long number rice, take root in joint place, sturdy, has rib ditch, and by short bristle, tendril divides 3～4 forks.Pumpkin list leaf alternate, blade heart or width egg shape, 5 shallow splitting have 5 jiaos, slightly soft, are about 15～30 centimetres, and two sides is close by fine hair, and along often there being hickie on edge and blade face, there is irregular sawtooth at edge.Flower Dan Sheng, the different flower of monoecism.Male flower holder is short.Calyx lobes is linear, and top is expanded into lobate.Corolla mitriform, yellow, splits sliver abduction, tool wrinkle in 5.3 pieces, stamen.Flower pesticide closing, coyote hole rule S shape warpage.Female flower calyx splits significantly, lobate, and ovary is circular or oval, Room 1, and parietal placenta, style is short, column cap 3, respectively 2 split.Peponidium, oblate spheroid, kettle shape, cylindrical etc., there are longitudinal furrow and protuberance in surface, smooth or have a strumae.Like tangerine flap, be orange to orange red not etc.Carpopodium has rib groove, and muskmelon pedicel is expanded into horn-like.Seed is avette or oval, and long 1.5～2 centimetres, canescence or yellow-white, thin edge.5～July of florescence, really 7～September of phase.

Middle hut culture underglass technology, is the culture technique of a kind of low cost, high yield, high benefit, and this technology is promoted rapidly at present, and it is simple that the present invention aims to provide a kind of method, easy to use, pumpkin in hut mulching plant method.

  

Summary of the invention:

The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming existing in prior art, the culture technique of a kind of low cost, high yield, high benefit is provided, this technology is promoted rapidly at present, and it is simple that the present invention aims to provide a kind of method, hut mulching plant method in pumpkin easy to use.

To achieve these goals, the invention provides hut mulching plant method in a kind of pumpkin, wherein,

Kind with the rascal pumpkin variety " Li Ziman " of precocity, high-quality, high yield for well.Utilize booth 4 tunics insulations to grow seedlings, in mid or late January sowing, late Febuary, seedling age reached 40～50 days to early March, got final product field planting short strong sprout of 3～4 of true leaves, height of seedling 15cm left and right during standard.The technology of growing seedlings is mainly grasped following 3:

1. carry out seedbed, sequence nutritive cube seedbed and answer that selection of land gesture is high and dry, excessively drained field, be wide 1.2m, dark 20cm(often depending on seedling quantity) recessed, 1 layer of once visited place film waterproof and heat-insulating of underlay, then spread 1 layer of thin soil that 2～3cm is thick, repave ground hot line, repave solid matter nutritive cube after one deck fine earth.

2. hot water scalds kind, and constant temperature vernalization is put into 55 ℃ of hot water by seed and is stirred to water temperature and is down to 30 ℃, seed soaking 4～6h.Taking-up drains and is placed in vernalization in 30 ℃ of insulating boxs, and every day is with 30 ℃ of warm water drip washing seeds.When showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, 85% above seed can sow.

3. thermophilic is emerged, and before the short strong cotyledon of cooling is unearthed, is incubated round the clock 25～30 ℃, and 1/2 throws off mulch film after emerging, and after all emerging, day temperature drops to 20～25 ℃, 15～18 ℃ of nights.At fine day, when noon, temperature was higher, should ventilate, reducing temperature and humidity, prevents the generation of thin and weak high pin seedling more; Field planting increases ventilation hardening for first 7 days, improves cold tolerance.

At 8～10m width, with interior need, do 1 field planting furrow, plough and make wide 1.0m, the furrow of high 30cm.With the wide black film of 1.0m, be laid in furrow face, long bamboo chip and the wide plastic film of 2m of 2m is barricaded as bottom width 1.2m in furrow, the little shed of high 60cm, and long bamboo chip and the wide antifog antidrip insulation film of 4m of external application 4m is barricaded as bottom width 2.3m, the middle canopy of high 1.15m.The drain ditch that 1 dark 30cm, wide 40cm are respectively opened in the outer both sides of middle canopy, returns ditch with limit, field and is connected.The preheating of front 10～20 days button canopies of field planting.Density with the strain of every 667m2250～300 for well.Every furrow intersect plants melon 2 row, little line-spacing 50cm, wide row space 7.5～9.5m, spacing in the rows 50cm.In selecting the warm head of cold tail to early March by the end of February, (cold air closes on end, it's clearing up, in temperature bottom out) fine weather field planting, after cultivation, build mulch film and middle hut film, and on mulch film, suitably spray clear water to improve seedling ambient air humidity, promote alive.

1. use sufficient base manure, topdress before the preheating of button canopy in good time, in furrow, ditch, every 667m2 executes decomposed manure 2000kg, import composite fertilizer 15～20kg, potash fertilizer 10kg.To the end of gathering of first planting melon, the 2nd batch of melon expanding stage, sees that the every 667m2 of seedling executes urea 10～15kg, or person poultry muck's 20～30 loads of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and in the both sides of furrow, trench digging is used, and prevents later stage early ageing.

2. training reason is climing starts training when climing long 50cm left and right, stay main climing and 2 healthy and strong sub climing, extract all the other all sons climing climing with grandson.Row melon is climing manages to both sides respectively 2, and every 1m left and right press 1 time climing, make climing orientation stretch to vacant lot, both sides.When climing, while reaching middle canopy film limit, start Zhong Peng base 1 duck eye, allow the climing film outer (climing staying in film while meeting cold wave) that stretches out.When climing while growing to limes marginis, with little bamboo cane or reed rod crossbearer on ditch, anti-climing hyposulculus immersion.

3. artificial pollination is bloomed because pumpkin concentrates on morning 5～6 o'clock, therefore artificial pollination should be carried out in morning, before 9 o'clock mornings, ends up being.

4. 3 tunic sealed thermal insulating 7～10 days after temperature treatment field planting, to facilitate work.After this suitable ventilation in hut two in fine day is when noon, temperature was higher, along with temperature raises gradually, takes off the film time to extend gradually, takes off film degree and progressively strengthens, and as far as possible temperature in canopy is controlled at below 30 ℃.More than the climing long 1m of mid or late March melon, then cannot be in little shed during continued growth, throw off little shed film.When April 20, left and right temperature was stablized by 15 ℃, can throw off middle canopy film.

5. ditch cleaning draining, lowering of watertable rainwater in spring is more, go back to ditch and the Tanaka drain ditch of running check field surrounding, is strictly on guard against melon furrow ponding.

6. prevent curing the better resistance of disease pest and weed japanese squash to damage by disease and insect, mainly will carry out the control of " a sick worm ", i.e. the control of aphid and powdery mildew.Available 10% 1 time anti-the eliminating aphis of clean 1500～2000 times liquid spraying, prevents and treats powdery mildew with 1000 times of liquid of 15% triadimefon wetting powder.Weeds in middle canopy can manually be pulled out, and the weeds outside middle canopy will be removed first about 15 days at middle canopy film, with 10% gyphosate solution 500mL, add water 50kg spraying control.

Advantage of the present invention is, the culture technique of low cost, high yield, high benefit, and this technology is promoted rapidly at present, and it is simple that the present invention aims to provide a kind of method, easy to use.

 

Embodiment:

Hut mulching plant method in a kind of pumpkin.It is characterized in that, in accordance with the following steps operation:

A. carry out seedbed, sequence nutritive cube seedbed and answer that selection of land gesture is high and dry, excessively drained field, make the recessed bed of wide 1.2m, dark 20cm, 1 layer of once visited place film waterproof and heat-insulating of underlay, then spread 1 layer of thin soil that 2～3cm is thick, repave ground hot line, repave solid matter nutritive cube after one deck fine earth;

B. hot water scalds kind, and constant temperature vernalization is put into 55 ℃ of hot water by seed and is stirred to water temperature and is down to 30 ℃, and seed soaking 4～6h takes out to drain and is placed in vernalization in 30 ℃ of insulating boxs, and every day with 30 ℃ of warm water drip washing seeds, when 85% above seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, can sow;

C. thermophilic is emerged, and before the short strong cotyledon of cooling is unearthed, is incubated round the clock 25～30 ℃, and 1/2 throws off mulch film after emerging; after all emerging, day temperature drops to 20～25 ℃, 15～18 ℃ of nights; at fine day, when noon, temperature was higher, should ventilate, reducing temperature and humidity, prevents the generation of thin and weak high pin seedling more; Field planting increases ventilation hardening for first 7 days, improves cold tolerance.

D. training reason is climing starts training when climing long 50cm left and right, stays main climingly and 2 healthy and strong sons are climing, extracts that all the other all sons are climing and grandson is climing, and row melon is climing manages to both sides respectively 2, and every about 1m, pressure 1 time is climing, makes climing orientation stretch to vacant lot, both sides;

E. artificial pollination is bloomed because pumpkin concentrates on morning 5～6 o'clock, therefore artificial pollination should be carried out in morning, before 9 o'clock mornings, ends up being.

Advantage of the present invention is, the culture technique of low cost, high yield, high benefit, and this technology is promoted rapidly at present, and it is simple that the present invention aims to provide a kind of method, easy to use.

Claims (1)

1. a hut mulching plant method in pumpkin, is characterized in that, in accordance with the following steps operation:

A. carry out seedbed, sequence nutritive cube seedbed and answer that selection of land gesture is high and dry, excessively drained field, make the recessed bed of wide 1.2m, dark 20cm, 1 layer of once visited place film waterproof and heat-insulating of underlay, then spread 1 layer of thin soil that 2～3cm is thick, repave ground hot line, repave solid matter nutritive cube after one deck fine earth;

B. hot water scalds kind, and constant temperature vernalization is put into 55 ℃ of hot water by seed and is stirred to water temperature and is down to 30 ℃, and seed soaking 4～6h takes out to drain and is placed in vernalization in 30 ℃ of insulating boxs, and every day with 30 ℃ of warm water drip washing seeds, when 85% above seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, can sow;

C. thermophilic is emerged, and before the short strong cotyledon of cooling is unearthed, is incubated round the clock 25～30 ℃, and 1/2 throws off mulch film after emerging; after all emerging, day temperature drops to 20～25 ℃, 15～18 ℃ of nights; at fine day, when noon, temperature was higher, should ventilate, reducing temperature and humidity, prevents the generation of thin and weak high pin seedling more; Field planting increases ventilation hardening for first 7 days, improves cold tolerance,

D. training reason is climing starts training when climing long 50cm left and right, stays main climingly and 2 healthy and strong sons are climing, extracts that all the other all sons are climing and grandson is climing, and row melon is climing manages to both sides respectively 2, and every about 1m, pressure 1 time is climing, makes climing orientation stretch to vacant lot, both sides;

E. artificial pollination is bloomed because pumpkin concentrates on morning 5～6 o'clock, therefore artificial pollination should be carried out in morning, before 9 o'clock mornings, ends up being.