CN103649006A - 含石膏的建筑材料化合物 - Google Patents
含石膏的建筑材料化合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103649006A CN103649006A CN201280032936.1A CN201280032936A CN103649006A CN 103649006 A CN103649006 A CN 103649006A CN 201280032936 A CN201280032936 A CN 201280032936A CN 103649006 A CN103649006 A CN 103649006A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- gypseous
- gypsum
- compound
- construction compound
- construction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- -1 vinyl aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000011431 lime mortar Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical group C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 9
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- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical group ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical group C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000011400 blast furnace cement Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- FEUFEGJTJIHPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyl acrylic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(=C)C(O)=O FEUFEGJTJIHPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound O[Si](O)=O IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
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- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- HXOGQBSDPSMHJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(6-methylheptyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCCCC(C)C HXOGQBSDPSMHJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(ethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CC)(OCC)OCC DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SAWDTKLQESXBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(heptyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC SAWDTKLQESXBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYGYKEULCAINCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(hexadecyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC OYGYKEULCAINCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBYGHMUNMTZVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[ethoxy(dimethyl)silyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C)[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC JBYGHMUNMTZVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYJRNCYWTVGEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(2-methylpropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CC(C)C XYJRNCYWTVGEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HILHCDFHSDUYNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(pentyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC HILHCDFHSDUYNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVBVJEZJXBZDON-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[methoxy(dimethyl)silyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)[Si](OC)(OC)OC RVBVJEZJXBZDON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTIIITNXEHRMQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripotassium methoxy(trioxido)silane Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].CO[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] XTIIITNXEHRMQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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Abstract
本发明涉及含石膏的建筑材料化合物,包含:石膏,如果必要的话,一种或多种聚合物,如果必要的话,一种或多种聚集物、以及如果必要的话,一种或多种添加剂,其特征在于,所述含石膏的建筑材料化合物包含一种或多种类型的水泥和一种或多种类型的火山灰。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及含石膏的建筑材料化合物并且涉及其用途,例如作为瓷砖粘合剂或自流平化合物。
背景技术
石膏是可廉价地大量获得的用于建筑材料化合物的无机粘合剂,并且特别地与水泥相比能够以低得多的能量消耗获得。原因在于,除了自然产生的石膏之外,还存在相当大量的从烟道气脱硫装置获得的石膏,并且在世界范围内对使用这种石膏感兴趣。因此,对于由较低的能量密集型石膏代替水泥代表的能量密集型材料存在强烈愿望,并且这样做,可以降低建筑部分的总能量消耗并且从而有助于更加环保的建筑。石膏的缺点在于其对水的敏感性,其在潮湿或湿的条件下造成基于含石膏的建筑材料化合物的建筑物失去强度。通过冻/融暴露恶化了这种缺陷。因此,迄今为止,石膏在建筑部门的应用范围已经受到了相当大地限制并且已经基本上集中在内部区段。
因此,为了使石膏适用于外部区段、或甚至用于湿的区段,需要额外的措施。为此目的,建议包括向含石膏的建筑材料化合物中加入疏水化剂。因此,例如DE-A3704439建议使用硅酮和硅氧烷,硬脂酸酯和石蜡。US2002/0040666教授了将有机聚硅氧烷施加至有机或无机载体并且将它们以这种形式结合至含石膏的建筑材料化合物中。US5437722描述了包括石蜡、褐煤蜡和聚乙烯醇作为添加剂的耐水性石膏产品。EP-A320982公开了使用基于乙酸乙烯酯/支链烷烃羧酸乙烯酯共聚物的可再分散的粉末使石膏材料疏水。为此目的,EP-A1133455推荐乙烯基芳香族化合物-1,3-二烯共聚物。
DE-A10064083教授了通过加入具有被羧基取代的短链脂肪酸的碱金属或碱土金属的盐来改善石膏组合物对于塑料或金属表面的粘附力。最近,GB1497125涉及改善用于瓷砖粘合剂的石膏灰浆的机械性能。
上述疏水化剂的缺点是它们在某些情况下并不微不足道的亲水性,这对相应的建筑产品的耐水性施加了限制。此外,在许多情况下,特别地在潮湿或湿的条件下储存之后或在冻/融暴露之后,由疏水化的含石膏的建筑材料化合物形成的建筑产品在它们的机械强度方面可能不能令人满意。
发明内容
针对这个背景,目的是提供含石膏的建筑材料化合物,使用该化合物可以获得对于水或冻/融储存具有高耐受性以及具有高机械强度的建筑产品。
本发明提供了含石膏的建筑材料化合物,包含:石膏、可选地一种或多种聚合物、可选地一种或多种聚集物、以及可选地一种或多种掺和物,其特征在于,含石膏的建筑材料化合物包含一种或多种水泥和一种或多种火山灰。
合适的石膏是例如α-或β-半水化合物(CaSO4·1/2H2O)、二水合物、硬石膏、或在烟道气脱硫过程中获得的硫酸钙(FGD石膏)。石膏能够以例如建筑石膏、粉刷石膏、巴黎硬质灰膏、或模型石膏的形式存在。然而,还可以使用其他类型的石膏如刮板石膏或仿大理石。
优选地,火山灰选自包括高岭土、微硅粉、硅藻土、飞灰、精细粉碎的粗面凝灰岩、粉碎的高炉矿渣、精细粉碎的玻璃、沉淀二氧化硅、以及气相二氧化硅的组。特别优选的火山灰是高岭土、微硅粉、飞灰、粉碎的高炉矿渣,更具体地是偏高岭土。
合适的水泥的实例是波特兰水泥(CEM I)、波特兰矿渣水泥(CEMII)、高炉水泥(CEM III)、火山灰水泥(CEM IV)、复合水泥(CEM V)、铝酸盐水泥,更具体地是硫化铝酸钙水泥、波特兰硅酸盐粉尘水泥、波特兰板岩水泥、波特兰石灰石水泥、粗面凝灰岩水泥、氧化镁水泥、磷酸盐水泥、混合水泥、或填充水泥。优选的水泥是波特兰水泥(CEM I)、波特兰矿渣水泥(CEM II)、或高炉水泥(CEM III)。
一般而言,聚合物是基于一种或多种烯属不饱和单体的聚合物。优选的烯属不饱和单体选自包括乙烯基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙烯基芳香族化合物、烯烃、1,3-二烯、和乙烯基卤化物,以及可选地与其可共聚的其他单体的组。
合适的乙烯基酯是例如具有1至15个碳原子的羧酸的那些。优选的是乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯、2-乙基己酸乙烯酯、月桂酸乙烯酯、乙酸1-甲基乙烯基酯、新戊酸乙烯酯、以及具有9至11个碳原子的α-支链单羧酸的乙烯基酯,像例如VeoVa9R或VeoVa10R(Resolution公司的商品名称)。特别优选的是乙酸乙烯酯。
来自丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯的组的合适的单体是例如具有1至15个碳原子的未分支或分支的醇的酯。优选的甲基丙烯酸酯或丙烯酸酯是丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、以及丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯。特别优选的是丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、以及丙烯酸-2-乙基己基酯。
优选的乙烯基芳香族化合物是苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯和乙烯基甲苯。优选的乙烯基卤化物是氯乙烯。优选的烯烃是乙烯和丙烯,并且优选的二烯是1,3-丁二烯和异戊二烯。
可选地,基于单体混合物的总重量,还可以共聚0至10wt%的辅助单体。优选的是使用0.1wt%至5wt%的辅助单体。辅助单体的实例是烯属不饱和单羧酸和二羧酸,优选丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、富马酸、以及马来酸;烯属不饱和甲酰胺和腈,优选丙烯酰胺和丙烯腈;富马酸和马来酸的单酯和二酯如二乙酯和二异丙酯、以及马来酸酐;烯属不饱和磺酸及它们的盐,优选乙烯基磺酸和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸。其他实例是预交联的共聚单体如多烯属不饱和共聚单体,实例是邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、己二酸二乙烯酯、马来酸二烯丙酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、或氰脲酸三烯丙酯;或后交联的共聚单体,实例是丙烯酰胺基乙醇酸(AGA)、甲基丙烯酰胺基乙醇酸甲酯(MAGME)、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺[sic](NMA)、N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基氨基甲酸烯丙酯、烷基醚如异丁氧基醚、或N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺的酯、N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺的酯和N-羟甲基氨基甲酸烯丙酯的酯。适合的还有环氧官能化共聚单体如甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。其他实例是硅官能化的共聚单体如丙烯酰氧基丙基三(烷氧基)硅烷和甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三(烷氧基)硅烷[sic]、乙烯基三烷氧基硅烷和乙烯基甲基二烷氧基硅烷,其中,存在的烷氧基可以是例如乙氧基和乙氧基丙二醇醚基。还可以提及的是具有羟基或CO基团的单体,实例是甲基丙酸羟烷基酯和丙烯酸羟烷基酯[sic]如丙烯酸羟乙酯、羟丙酯或羟丁酯或甲基丙烯酸羟丁酯,以及以下化合物诸如双丙酮丙烯酰胺和乙酰基乙酰氧基乙基丙烯酸酯或乙酰基乙酰氧基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯。
优选的是选自包括含有一种或多种乙烯基酯单元和来自包括烯烃、乙烯基芳香族化合物、乙烯基卤化物、丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、富马酸和/或马来酸的单酯或二酯、或硅官能化的共聚单体的组的一种或多种单体单元的乙烯基酯均聚物、乙烯基酯共聚物;含有一种或多种(甲基)丙烯酸酯单元和来自包括烯烃、乙烯基芳香族化合物、乙烯基卤化物、富马酸和/或马来酸的单酯或二酯、或硅官能化的共聚单体的组的一种或多种单体单元的(甲基)丙烯酸酯均聚物或(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物;二烯如丁二烯或异戊二烯以及烯烃如乙烯或丙烯的均聚物或共聚物,二烯可以与例如苯乙烯、(甲基)丙烯酸酯、或富马酸或马来酸的酯共聚;乙烯基芳香族化合物,如苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯的均聚物或共聚物;含有来自包括乙烯基酯、烯烃、以及甲基丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯的组的一种或多种单体的乙烯基卤素化合物如氯乙烯的均聚物或共聚物的组的一种或多种聚合物,聚合物还可以包括上述量的辅助单体。
特别优选的是一种或多种乙烯基酯、更具体地乙酸乙烯酯与1wt%至50wt%的乙烯的共聚物;具有1wt%至50wt%的来自在羧酸基团中具有1至12个碳原子的乙烯基酯如丙酸乙烯酯、月桂酸乙烯酯,具有9至13个碳原子的α-支链羧酸的乙烯基酯如VeoVa9、VeoVa10、VeoVa11的组的一种或多种其他共聚单体的乙酸乙烯酯与可选地1wt%至50wt%乙烯的共聚物;一种或多种乙烯基酯、1wt%至50wt%的乙烯、以及可选地1wt%至60wt%的具有1至15个碳原子的未分支或分支的醇的(甲基)丙烯酸酯更具体地丙烯酸正丁酯或丙烯酸-2-乙基己基酯的共聚物;以及,具有30wt%至75wt%的乙酸乙烯酯、1wt%至30wt%的月桂酸乙烯酯或具有9至11个碳原子的α-支链羧酸的乙烯基酯、以及1wt%至30wt%的具有1至15个碳原子的未分支或分支的醇的(甲基)丙烯酸酯,更具体地丙烯酸正丁酯或丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯的共聚物,所述共聚物还包括1wt%至40wt%的乙烯;具有一种或多种乙烯基酯、1wt%至50wt%的乙烯、以及1wt%至60wt%的氯乙烯的共聚物;另外地,聚合物能够以上述量包括所述辅助单体,并且在所有情况下以wt%计的数字共计为100wt%。
还特别优选的是(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物,如丙烯酸正丁酯或丙烯酸-2-乙基己基酯的共聚物、或甲基丙烯酸甲酯与丙烯酸正丁酯和/或丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯的共聚物;具有来自丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、以及丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯的组的一种或多种单体的苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物;具有来自丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯、以及可选地乙烯的组的一种或多种单体的乙酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸酯共聚物;苯乙烯-1,3-丁二烯共聚物;聚合物还能够以上述量包括辅助单体,并且在所有情况下以wt%计的数字总计为100wt%。
对于氯乙烯共聚物的特别优选的共聚单体的实例是α-烯烃,如乙烯或丙烯;和/或乙烯基酯,如乙酸乙烯酯、月桂酸乙烯酯、或具有9至11个碳原子的α-支链羧酸的乙烯基酯;和/或具有1至15个碳原子的醇的丙烯酸酯和/或甲基丙烯酸酯,如丙烯酸甲酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸-2-乙基己基酯;和/或富马酸和/或马来酸的单酯或二酯,如马来酸和/或富马酸的二甲酯、甲基叔丁基酯、二正丁基酯、二叔丁基酯、以及二乙基酯。
最优选的是具有乙酸乙烯酯和5wt%至50wt%乙烯的共聚物;或具有乙酸乙烯酯、1wt%至50wt%乙烯、以及1wt%至50wt%的具有9至11个碳原子的α-支链单羧酸的乙烯基酯的共聚物;或具有30wt%至75wt%的乙酸乙烯酯、1wt%至30wt%的月桂酸乙烯酯或具有9至11个碳原子的α-支链羧酸的乙烯基酯、以及1wt%至30wt%的具有1至15个碳原子的未分支或分支的醇的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的共聚物,所述共聚物还包括1wt%至40wt%的乙烯;或具有乙酸乙烯酯、5wt%至50wt%的乙烯、以及1wt%至60wt%的氯乙烯的共聚物。
最优选的共聚物还是包括60wt%至98wt%的氯乙烯单元和1wt%至40wt%的乙烯单元的氯乙烯-乙烯共聚物,以wt%计的数字是基于共聚物的总重量并且在所有情况下总计为100wt%。从EP0149098A2获知这些种类的氯乙烯-乙烯共聚物。
在此,做出对共聚单体的单体选择以及重量分数的选择从而产生-50℃至+50℃、优选-40℃至+40℃、更优选-20℃至+30℃的玻璃化转变温度Tg。能够以已知方式通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定聚合物的玻璃化转变温度Tg。还可以预先使用福克斯(Fox)方程式近似地计算Tg。根据Fox T.G.,Bull.Am.Physics Soc.1,3,第123页(1956),等式如下:1/Tg=x1/Tg1+x2/Tg2+...+xn/Tgn,其中,xn代表单体n的质量分数(wt%/100),并且Tgn是以开尔文计的单体n的均聚物的玻璃化转变温度。均聚物的Tg值列于聚合物手册(Polymer Handbook)第二版,J.Wiley&Sons,New York(1975)中。
通常在水性介质中且优选通过例如在DE-A102008043988中所描述的乳液或悬浮液聚合方法来制备聚合物。在那种情况下,以水分散体的形式获得聚合物。在聚合中,可以使用如在DE-A102008043988中所描述的常用的保护胶体和/或乳化剂。保护胶体可以是阴离子型、或者优选阳离子型或非阴离子型。还优选的是阳离子型和非离子型保护胶体的组合。优选的非离子型保护胶体是聚乙烯醇。例如,优选的阳离子型保护胶体是如在E.W.Flick,Water Soluble Resins-an Industrial Guide,Noyes Publications,Park Ridge,N.J.,1991中所描述的携带一个或多个阳离子电荷的聚合物。关于保护胶体,优选的是具有80mol%至100mol%的水解度的部分水解或完全水解的聚乙烯醇,更具体地是具有80mol%至94mol%的水解度并且在4%浓度水溶液中具有1mPas至30mPas粘度(在20℃下方法,DIN53015)的部分水解的聚乙烯醇。可以通过技术人员已知的方法获得所述保护胶体,并且在聚合中,基于单体的总重量,通常以总计1wt%至20wt%的量加入。
如在DE-A102008043988中所描述的,例如水分散体形式的聚合物可以转化成可再分散在水中的相应粉末。在那种情况下,基于分散体的聚合组分,通常以3wt%至30wt%、优选5wt%至20wt%的总量使用干燥助剂。优选的干燥助剂是上述的聚乙烯醇。
含石膏的建筑材料化合物可以进一步包含常用的聚集物和掺和物。常用的聚集物优选以基于含石膏的建筑材料化合物的干重的1wt%至10wt%包括消石灰,和/或惰性填料。惰性填料的实例是石英砂、精细粉碎的石英、精细粉碎的石灰石、碳酸钙、白云石、粘土、白垩、白色熟石灰、滑石或云母、橡胶颗粒或硬填缝料(如硅酸铝、刚玉、玄武岩)、或碳化物(如碳化硅或碳化钛)。优选的惰性填料是石英砂、精细粉碎的石英、精细粉碎的石灰石、碳酸钙、碳酸钙镁(白云石)、白垩、或白色熟石灰;特别优选的是石英砂、精细粉碎的石英、或精细粉碎的石灰石。聚集物还可以包括砾石。砾石通常具有≥2mm的直径。
聚集物具有优选50μm至2.0mm、更优选50μm至1.5mm、并且最优选50μm至800μm的平均粒径(可以通过激光衍射分析或筛析测定)。
使用掺和物,可以改善含石膏的建筑材料化合物的加工质量和/或使用它们制造的建筑产品的性能。常用的掺和物是增稠剂,实例是多糖如纤维素醚和改性纤维素醚、淀粉醚、瓜尔胶、黄原胶,聚羧酸如聚丙烯酸及其偏酯、以及为了疏水性可以可选地缩醛化或改性的聚乙烯醇、酪蛋白、以及结合型增稠剂。其他常用的掺和物是缓凝剂如羟基羧酸、或二羧酸或它们的盐、氨基酸和改性氨基酸(尤其是N-聚甲醛氨基酸)、糖类、草酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、葡糖酸、柠檬酸、蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖、山梨醇、季戊四醇、或磷酸酯。其他掺和物是促沉降剂,实例是有机或无机酸的碱金属盐或碱土金属盐。掺和物的另外的实例是长链脂肪酸的盐如硬脂酸钙、油酸钠、以及硅酮建筑防腐剂。另外地,可以提及以下各项:防腐剂、成膜助剂、分散剂、泡沫稳定剂、消泡剂、增塑剂、超增塑剂、以及阻燃剂(例如,氢氧化铝)。
在本发明的含石膏的建筑材料化合物的优选实施方式中,掺和物包括一种或多种疏水化添加剂。优选地,疏水化添加剂包括一种或多种有机硅化合物。
合适的有机硅化合物包括,例如硅烷如四有机硅烷SiR4和具有n=1至3的有机有机氧基硅烷SiRn(OR’)4-n、聚甲基氢硅氧烷、硅氧烷树脂,具有[SiC]的聚硅烷,优选地具有通式R3Si(SiR2)nSiR3,其中n=0至500、有机硅烷醇如SiRn(OH)4-n、二硅氧烷、低聚硅氧烷、例如由通式RcHdSi(OR’)e(OH)fO(4-c-d-e-f)/2的单元组成的聚硅氧烷,其中c=0至3,d=0至1,e=0至3,f=0至3,并且每个单元的c+d+e+f的总和不超过3.5,在每种情况下R是相同或不同的并且表示具有1至22个碳原子的分支或非分支的烷基基团、具有3至10个碳原子的环烷基基团、具有2至4个碳原子的亚烷基基团、以及芳基、芳烷基、以及具有6至18个碳原子的烷基芳基基团,以及R’表示相同或不同的烷基基团并且在每种情况下具有1至4个碳原子的烷氧基亚烷基基团,优选甲基和乙基,基团R和R’还可以被卤素如氯、被醚、硫醚、酯、酰胺、腈、羟基、胺、羧基、磺酸、羧酸酐、以及羰基取代,并且在聚硅烷的情况下,R还可以具有OR’的定义。
有机硅化合物的另外的实例是有机硅酸酯,更具体地是硅酸烷基酯如单体或低聚烷基硅烷三醇。例如,通过使一种或多种有机烷氧基硅烷与一种或多种多羟基化合物或优选地与一种或多种碱金属碱液反应可获得有机硅酸酯。优选的用于制备有机硅酸酯的有机烷氧基硅烷是甲基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三烷氧基硅烷、丙基三甲氧基硅烷、丁基三甲氧基硅烷、戊基三烷氧基硅烷、己基三甲氧基硅烷、庚基三甲氧基硅烷、辛基三甲氧基硅烷。碱金属碱液的实例是氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾,更具体地是它们的水溶液形式。合适的多羟基化合物的实例是烷二醇,如乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、聚乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇或1,3-丙二醇;烷三醇,如丙三醇;烷四醇,如季戊四醇;羟基羧酸,如乳酸、柠檬酸、或酒石酸;糖类(saccharide),如糖(sugar),更具体地是葡萄糖、蔗糖、或果糖、或淀粉。反应产物可以包括碱性或酸性组分,实例是可以加入以促进烷氧基消除的催化剂。例如,在WO2012/022544、DE-A102011076344.9或DE A10107614中描述了用于生产有机硅酸酯的方法。
特别优选的有机硅化合物是甲基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷、丙基三甲氧基硅烷、丙基三乙氧基硅烷、正丁基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、戊基三甲氧基硅烷、己基三甲氧基硅烷、环己基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三丙氧基硅烷、甲基三(乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、乙烯基三(甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、(甲基)丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、(甲基)丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、β-氮川乙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-巯基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、苯基三乙氧基硅烷、庚基三甲氧基硅烷、庚基三乙氧基硅烷、异辛基三乙氧基硅烷、正辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十六烷基三乙氧基硅烷、二丙基二乙氧基硅烷、甲基苯基二乙氧基硅烷、二苯基二甲氧基硅烷、甲基乙烯基三(乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、四甲基二乙氧基二硅烷、三甲基三甲氧基二硅烷、三甲基三乙氧基二硅烷、二甲基四甲氧基二硅烷、二甲基四乙氧基二硅烷、用三甲基硅氧基封端的甲基氢聚硅氧烷、用三甲基硅氧基封端并且由二甲基硅氧烷和甲基氢硅氧烷单元组成的共聚物、二甲基聚硅氧烷、以及在末端单元中具有Si-OH基团的二甲基聚硅氧烷。特别优选的有机硅化合物还是上述的有机硅酸酯。
优选的疏水性添加剂包括应用至一种或多种载体的一种或多种有机硅化合物。合适的载体是基于例如无机颗粒、水溶性有机聚合物、或水不溶性有机聚合物。无机颗粒的实例是铝硅酸盐,如沸石或偏高岭土、飞灰、垆坶土(loam)、石灰、碳酸盐。水溶性有机聚合物的实例是淀粉、纤维素、或聚乙烯醇。优选地,水不溶性无机聚合物是先前在上文描述的并且基于一种或多种烯属不饱和单体的聚合物。特别优选地,水不溶性有机聚合物以先前在上文描述的可再分散在水中的粉末的形式存在。
可选地包括载体的疏水性添加剂优选以固体形式,更具体地以颗粒形式存在。优选地,在将疏水性添加剂结合在含石膏的建筑材料化合物中之前,混合有机硅化合物和载体。在这种情况下,优选地,将有机硅化合物吸附和/或施加至载体。例如,在WO2008/062018、WO2010/012654、或WO2010/052201中描述了用于生产负载的有机硅化合物的相应方法。然而,特别优选的是不包括载体的疏水性添加剂。
还优选的是使用至少两种疏水性添加剂的组合。优选的组合包括基于至少一种甲基三烷氧基硅烷的有机硅酸盐和基于来自包括乙基三烷氧基硅烷、丙基三烷氧基硅烷、丁基三烷氧基硅烷、戊基三烷氧基硅烷、己基三烷氧基硅烷、庚基三烷氧基硅烷、辛基三烷氧基硅烷的组的至少一种硅烷的有机硅酸盐。
另一个优选的组合包括基于至少一种甲基三烷氧基硅烷以及一种或多种有机有机氧基硅烷,更具体地乙基三烷氧基硅烷、丙基三烷氧基硅烷、丁基三烷氧基硅烷、戊基三烷氧基硅烷、己基三烷氧基硅烷、庚基三烷氧基硅烷、或辛基三烷氧基硅烷的有机硅酸盐。
一般而言,含石膏的建筑材料化合物的典型配方包括:5wt%至90wt%、更具体地5wt%至80wt%的石膏,0.5wt%至20wt%、更具体地1wt%至10wt%的火山灰,0.5wt%至30wt%、更具体地1wt%至10wt%的水泥,0.5wt%至50wt%、更具体地1wt%至10wt%的聚合物,0至80wt%、优选1wt%至80wt%、并且更优选20wt%至70wt%的聚集物、以及0至10wt%、更具体地0.1wt%至4wt%的掺和物。疏水性添加剂优选以0至5wt%、更具体地以0.1wt%至1wt%包括在含石膏的建筑材料化合物中。上述以wt%计的数字是基于含石膏的建筑材料化合物的干重,并且加起来总计为100wt%。
水泥相对于火山灰的重量比优选1:4至4:1、并且更优选1:3至3:1、并且最优选1:2至2:1。
在所有情况下基于含石膏的建筑材料化合物的干重,石膏和聚集物的总量优选50wt%至98wt%、更优选60wt%至95wt%、并且最优选70wt%至90wt%。
在优选的实施方式中,含石膏的建筑材料化合物用作建筑粘合剂、更具体地用作瓷砖粘合剂、或用作涂层材料、更具体地用作自流平化合物或地板填充化合物。
一般而言,当用作建筑粘合剂时,含石膏的建筑材料化合物包括25wt%至50wt%的石膏、35wt%至60wt%的聚集物,以wt%计的数字是基于含石膏的建筑材料化合物的干重并且加起来总计为100wt%。在用作建筑粘合剂的情况下,根据含石膏的建筑材料化合物的上述的典型配方,可以使用另外的组分。
一般而言,在用作涂层材料的情况下,含石膏的建筑材料化合物包括30wt%至75wt%、更具体地40wt%至60wt%的石膏,10wt%至60wt%、更具体地25wt%至45wt%的聚集物,以重量百分数计的数字是基于含石膏的建筑材料化合物的干重,并且加起来总计为100wt%。在用作涂层材料的情况下,根据含石膏的建筑材料化合物的上述典型配方,可以使用另外的组分。
在应用它们之前,将水加入含石膏的建筑材料化合物,优选15wt%至70wt%。在建筑粘合剂的情况下,优选加入20wt%至35wt%、并且更优选15wt%至30wt%的水。将优选15wt%至30wt%、并且更优选19wt%至25wt%水加入涂层材料。涉及水的wt%的上述数字在所有情况下是基于所讨论的含石膏的建筑材料化合物的干重。所述水的量有助于生产具有期望的加工性能的建筑材料化合物。
为了生产含石膏的建筑材料化合物,使用合适的混合器来混合并均化石膏、水泥、火山灰、可选地聚集物、可选地掺和物、以及可选地聚合物(更具体地处于水性聚合物分散体的形式或优选地处于可再分散在水中的聚合物粉末的形式)。在可替代的步骤中,将处于可再分散在水中的聚合物粉末的水性分散体或水性可再分散体形式的聚合物与含石膏的建筑材料化合物(2-组分建筑材料化合物)的其他干组分的混合物混合。然而,优选地,生成干式混合物,并且在操作之前立即加入操作所需要的水。
本发明的含石膏的建筑材料化合物特别适合用作石膏砂浆像,例如涂层材料、建筑粘合剂、或其他常见应用。建筑粘合剂的实例是粘结砂浆、垫层砂浆、或用于所有类型瓷砖的瓷砖粘合剂,如在内部区段或外部区段中的陶器、磁器、细磁器、陶瓷、或天然瓷砖。涂层材料的实例是用于墙壁或地板的填充化合物(例如在内部区段或外部区段中)、自流平CaSO4刮板、以及灰泥或抹灰(在内部区段或外部区段中)。其他常见的应用是填缝料或密封剂。此外,含石膏的建筑材料化合物还可以用于生产石膏板或石膏模具。其他应用是例如灰泥、抹灰或粉刷工作,包括在外部区段中的这类应用。
出乎意料地,由本发明的含石膏的建筑材料化合物生产的建筑产品甚至在潮湿或湿的条件下,并且甚至更具体地在冻/融交替的情况下也具有耐受性,并且在这种暴露之后,与由常规的含石膏的化合物制备的建筑产品相比,它们显示出显著地更好的强度值或机械性能。因此,对于本发明的建筑材料化合物,可以在拉伸粘合强度、拉伸弯曲强度、抗压强度、耐磨损性、吸水性方面获得决定性的改善,并且因此改善石膏类建筑产品的耐气候性。实际上,甚至在储存在水中之后,本发明的建筑产品也获得水泥系统的强度水平。因此,从性能角度看,本发明的建筑材料化合物是用于水泥建筑材料化合物的等效替代物,但是具有与水泥相比可获得具有低得多的能量消耗的石膏的优点。
因此,总而言之,本发明的含石膏的建筑材料化合物在出色的耐水性方面是显著的。通过石膏、水泥、以及火山灰之间的协同相互作用出乎意料地产生这些效果。通过添加聚合物和/或疏水性添加剂,更具体地是有机硅化合物,这种效果甚至进一步协同地增强。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于进一步说明本发明:
生产含石膏的建筑材料化合物:
首先,通过均匀混合除了混合水之外的相应配方的所有组分,由发明实例/比较实例1至6的相应配方的组分生产干式混合物。随后,加入相应量的混合水,并且均匀混合得到的混合物。
发明实例1:
瓷砖粘合剂的配方:
巴黎HF1的硬质灰泥
(基于乙酸乙烯酯和乙烯的共聚物的聚乙烯醇稳定的水可再分散的分散体粉末)
混合水:280ml水加入1000g干式混合物。
发明实例2:
地板填充化合物的配方:
巴黎HF1硬质灰泥
(基于乙酸乙烯酯和乙烯的共聚物的聚乙烯醇稳定的水可再分散的分散体粉末)
混合水:280ml水加入1000g干式混合物。
比较实例3:
瓷砖粘合剂的配方:
巴黎HF1硬质灰泥
混合水:240ml水加入1000g干式混合物。
比较实例4:
瓷砖粘合剂的配方:
巴黎HF1硬质灰泥
混合水:250ml水加入1000g干式混合物。
比较实例5:
瓷砖粘合剂的配方:
巴黎HF1硬质灰泥
混合水:270ml水加入1000g干式混合物。
比较实例6:
地板填充化合物的配方:
巴黎HF1硬质灰泥
混合水:240ml水加入1000g干式混合物。
检测含石膏的建筑材料化合物:
根据欧洲瓷砖粘合剂标准EN1348检测全部的发明实例/比较实例1、3、4、以及5的含石膏的瓷砖粘合剂。在此,在以下储存条件之后,测定拉伸粘合强度:
SC:28天(d)标准条件储存(SC)
湿法:7天SC和21天湿法储存;
热法:14天SC和在70℃下14天热储存;
冻/融法:7天SC、21天湿法、以及7天交替的冻/融储存。
发明实例/比较实例1、3、4、以及5的检测结果总结在表1中。
表1:发明实例/比较实例1、3、4、以及5的瓷砖粘合剂的检测结果:
根据针对暴露等级P4,针对地板流平化合物的法国CSTB技术指标检测所有的发明实例/比较实例2和6的含石膏的地板填充化合物。在此,在以下储存条件之后,测定以下参数:
FT-SC:在28天SC储存之后的弯曲拉伸强度;FT-湿法:在湿法储存之后的弯曲拉伸强度;
CS-SC:在28天SC储存之后的抗压强度;
CS-湿法:在湿法储存之后的抗压强度;
TAS-SC:在28天SC储存之后的拉伸粘合强度;
TAS-湿法:在湿法储存之后的拉伸粘合强度。
发明实例/比较实例2和4的检测结果分别总结在表2中。
表2:发明实例/比较实例2和6的地板填充化合物的检测结果:
表1中使用瓷砖粘合剂的结果表明:使用本发明的瓷砖粘合剂(实施例1),在湿法储存之后和在冻/融储存之后获得的拉伸粘合强度比使用比较实例3、4、以及5的瓷砖粘合剂高许多倍。分别地对于所有的发明实例/比较实例1和3、4、以及5的瓷砖粘合剂配方,在SC和热储存之后的拉伸粘合强度处于可比较的水平。
表2中的结果表明:在SC储存之后和在湿法储存之后,本发明的地板填充化合物(实施例2)导致显著高于比较实例6的弯曲拉伸强度和抗压强度。使用实施例2,在湿法储存之后的拉伸粘合强度同样显著高于使用比较实例6。
因此,结果表明:使用本发明的含石膏的建筑材料化合物,在潮湿或湿的条件下可获得具有比传统的含石膏的建筑产品更好的强度值或机械性能的建筑产品。
生产疏水化的含石膏的建筑材料化合物:
实施例7:
类似实施例1,唯一差别在于另外地,将干式混合物与3重量份的粉末状的甲基硅酸钾(来自WO2012/022544的制备实施例2的硅酸盐:钾与硅的摩尔比=0.64)混合。
实施例8:
类似实施例1,唯一差别在于另外地,将干式混合物与3重量份的粉末状的异丁基硅酸钾(来自DE A102011076344.9的硅酸盐V1:钾与硅的摩尔比=1.00)混合。
实施例9:
类似实施例1,唯一的差别在于另外地,将干式混合物与5重量份的硅烷粉末(来自EP1394198的实施例3b的硅烷粉末:负载在聚乙烯醇上的烷基三烷氧基硅烷)混合。
实施例10:
类似实施例7,唯一的差别在于另外地,将干式混合物与3重量份的来自实施例8的粉末状的异丁基硅酸钾混合。
实施例11:
类似实施例7,唯一的差别在于另外地,将干式混合物与5重量份的来自实施例9的硅烷粉末混合。
检测疏水化的含石膏的建筑材料化合物:
根据欧洲标准EN520检测全部的实施例7至11的疏水化的含石膏的瓷砖粘合剂和实施例1的含石膏的瓷砖粘合剂的吸水率。
如在EN520中描述的,在标准条件下储存28天,并且随后干燥至恒重后,在那之后进行两小时水储存(湿法储存,water storage)。测试结果总结在表3中。
表3中的结果表明:向含石膏的瓷砖粘合剂中加入本发明的有机硅化合物导致瓷砖粘合剂的非常有效的疏水化。吸水率显著下降达到90%。两种添加剂(实施例10和11)的结合使用证明是特别有利的。
表3:疏水化瓷砖粘合剂的检测结果:
a)基于在水储存(湿法储存,water storage)之前的质量,在水储存之后相应样品的质量增加。
Claims (11)
1.一种含石膏的建筑材料化合物,包含:石膏、可选的一种或多种聚合物、可选的一种或多种聚集物、以及可选的一种或多种掺和物,其特征在于,所述含石膏的建筑材料化合物包含一种或多种水泥和一种或多种火山灰。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含石膏的建筑材料化合物,其特征在于,所述石膏选自包括α-或β-半水化合物(CaSO4·1/2H2O)、二水合物、硬石膏、或在烟道气脱硫过程中获得的所述硫酸钙(FGD石膏)的组。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的含石膏的建筑材料化合物,其特征在于,所述火山灰选自包括高岭土、微硅粉、硅藻土、飞灰、精细粉碎的粗面凝灰岩、粉碎的高炉矿渣、精细粉碎的玻璃、沉淀的二氧化硅、以及气相二氧化硅的组。
4.根据权利要求1至3所述的含石膏的建筑材料化合物,其特征在于,所述聚合物是基于选自包括乙烯基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙烯基芳香族化合物、烯烃、1,3-二烯、和乙烯基卤化物、以及可选地与它们可共聚的另外的单体的组的一种或多种烯属不饱和单体的聚合物。
5.根据权利要求1至4所述的含石膏的建筑材料化合物,其特征在于,所述聚集物选自包括消石灰和惰性填料如石英砂、精细粉碎的石英、精细粉碎的石灰石、碳酸钙、白云石、粘土、白垩、白熟石灰、滑石、云母、橡胶颗粒、硬填缝料、或碳化物的组。
6.根据权利要求1至5所述的含石膏的建筑材料化合物,其特征在于,存在5wt%至90wt%的石膏、0.5wt%至20wt%的火山灰、0.5wt%至30wt%的水泥、0.5wt%至50wt%的聚合物、0至80wt%的聚集物、以及0至5wt%的掺和物,以wt%计的数字是基于所述含石膏的建筑材料化合物的干重并且加起来总计100wt%。
7.根据权利要求1至6所述的含石膏的建筑材料化合物,其特征在于,水泥相对于火山灰的重量比是1:4至4:1。
8.根据权利要求1至7所述的含石膏的建筑材料化合物,其特征在于,基于所述含石膏的建筑材料化合物的干重,石膏和聚集物的总量是50wt%至98wt%。
9.根据权利要求1至8所述的含石膏的建筑材料化合物,其特征在于,一种或多种掺和物选自包括硅烷、聚甲基氢硅氧烷、硅氧烷树脂、聚硅烷、有机硅烷醇、二硅氧烷、低聚硅氧烷、聚硅氧烷、以及有机硅酸盐的有机硅化合物的组,所述有机硅化合物可以可选地固定在载体上或封装在封装材料中。
10.根据权利要求1至9所述的含石膏的建筑材料化合物作为石膏灰浆,更具体地,作为涂料或建筑粘合剂的用途。
11.根据权利要求1至10所述的含石膏的建筑材料化合物作为粘结砂浆、垫层砂浆、瓷砖粘合剂、填充化合物、自流平化合物、灰泥、抹灰、填缝料、或密封剂,或用于生产石膏板、石膏模具、或粉刷工作的用途。
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BR112013033754B1 (pt) | 2021-01-19 |
EP2726436B1 (de) | 2018-04-11 |
MX362518B (es) | 2019-01-21 |
AU2012280400A1 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
IN2014CN00636A (zh) | 2015-04-03 |
KR20140023426A (ko) | 2014-02-26 |
DE102011078531A1 (de) | 2013-01-03 |
SG2013096268A (en) | 2014-12-30 |
BR112013033754A2 (pt) | 2017-02-07 |
KR101604075B1 (ko) | 2016-03-17 |
CN103649006B (zh) | 2017-05-10 |
MX2014000096A (es) | 2014-02-17 |
RU2014103285A (ru) | 2015-08-20 |
WO2013004621A1 (de) | 2013-01-10 |
TR201807286T4 (tr) | 2018-06-21 |
AU2012280400B2 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
PL2726436T3 (pl) | 2018-09-28 |
US9216927B2 (en) | 2015-12-22 |
US20140121303A1 (en) | 2014-05-01 |
RU2608834C2 (ru) | 2017-01-25 |
EP2726436A1 (de) | 2014-05-07 |
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