CN103635625A - 碳纳米管蓄热织物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
碳纳米管蓄热织物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103635625A CN103635625A CN201280026287.4A CN201280026287A CN103635625A CN 103635625 A CN103635625 A CN 103635625A CN 201280026287 A CN201280026287 A CN 201280026287A CN 103635625 A CN103635625 A CN 103635625A
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Abstract
本发明涉及碳纳米管蓄热织物,其特征在于,通过在纤维织物的一面或双面涂敷含有碳纳米管的涂敷液的方法来制备。上述涂敷液包含碳纳米管(CNT)0.1~15重量%、分散剂0.01~5重量%、树脂粘结剂9.89~70重量%及溶剂10~90重量%。相对于100重量份的上述涂敷液,还可添加0.01~5重量份的添加剂。优选地,上述碳纳米管还经过表面改性工序,以提高与树脂粘结剂之间的粘附性和分散性。上述碳纳米管虽然可使用单壁碳纳米管(SWNT),但优选使用双壁碳纳米管(DWNT)、薄的多重壁碳纳米管(thin MWNT)及多重壁碳纳米管(MWNT)等多重壁碳纳米管。一边以规定速度在常温下或加热的腔室内移送所涂敷的蓄热织物一边使涂敷液固化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种蓄热保温织物。具体地,本发明涉及蓄热保温织物及其制备方法,上述蓄热保温织物在织物的表面涂敷碳纳米管组合液,由于包含碳纳米管,能够带来蓄热及保温效果。
背景技术
若纤维织物吸收热量而在内部储存热量,则可以享有保温效果带来的各种优点。尤其,若服装用或窗帘、沙发等家用纤维织物具有蓄热及保温效果,则既能节约制热引起的各种费用,还能享受舒适的生活。为了这种目的,正持续不断地努力研发具有蓄热或保温功能的纤维或织物。
韩国专利公开第2001-0097022号公开了使相变移组合液含浸织物或衣物,从而具有蓄热及散热效果的产品。并且,韩国专利公开第2002-0059047号公开了具有多层结构的蓄热保温性涂敷织物,公开了在织物上形成粘结剂,并在上述粘结剂上形成保温发泡层,又在上述保温发泡层上形成表面吸热层,然后对上述结果物进行热处理,来制备出蓄热保温性涂敷织物的方法。
最近,日本三菱人造丝公司研发和销售发热原纱(商品名为“COREBRID-B”),上述COREBRID-B(商品名)利用在芯层包含木炭粒子的芯鞘结构的丙烯短纤维来吸收太阳光,并发挥发热性能,并且,日本的迪桑特公司和帝人纤维公司共同研发了被称为“热导航(heat navi:商品名)”的特殊扁平截面纤维,从而以户外服装为中心进行适用,上述被称为“热导航”的特殊扁平截面纤维包含碳类无机物,以吸收太阳光,发挥发热性能。但是,这种现有技术由于在进行纤维纺纱时,需要将吸光粒子混入纤维丝的复合纺纱工序,因此,需要较高的制备费用,并且,由于吸光粒子的表面积不大,因此,为了获得相同的发热效果,需放入大量吸光粒子。换言之,上述现有技术相比于制备费用的上升,无法表现出与其相应的蓄热保温效果。
为此,本发明人着眼于表面积大且光吸收率优秀的碳纳米管可能将对纤维或织物的蓄热保温效果产生相当大的贡献,从而研发出本发明的碳纳米管蓄热纤维。
碳纳米管(Carbon Nanotube,CNT)是由碳原子以六角形蜂窝图案结合而成板状的石墨烯片卷曲成直径为几纳米至几百纳米左右的管状的纳米素材。碳纳米管基于结合形态呈现特殊的电子结构,并基于纳米水准的直径而具有特有的电、机械及物理化学特性。例如,碳纳米管具有铝的1/2左右的密度的同时,呈现比钢铁强100倍以上的强度。并且,由于较小的尺寸,每单位质量表面积比普通的碳纤维高,从而能量吸收活性面积大,且混合材料内的相互作用非常大,因此能够生产稳定的混合材料。由于碳纳米管的这些优秀的物理特性,在结构加固材料、能量的储存、燃料电池及传感器等各种领域,其工业利用非常广泛。尤其,碳纳米管在光吸收方面公认为是非常优秀的材料。根据2008年发表的论文(Zu-Po Yang外,“Experimental Observation of an Extremely DarkMaterial Made by a Low-Density nanotube Array”,NANOLETTERS,2008Vol.8,No.2,pp446-451),垂直生长的碳纳米管陈列(array)的总反射率为0.045%,而这反射率是到目前为止所发表的具有最低反射率的材料的3倍以下,因此,在目前为止所了解的材料之中记录为是具有最低反射率的黑体(blackbody)。
如上所述,本发明人考虑到碳纳米管的特性,制备了包含表面积大且光吸收率优秀的碳纳米管的涂敷液,并将上述涂敷液涂敷于纤维织物的表面,从而研发出了能够以低廉的费用制备出光吸收热转换效果优秀的蓄热织物的新的蓄热织物。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明的目的在于,提供蓄热保温效果优秀的纤维织物。
本发明的再一目的在于,提供含有碳纳米管而蓄热保温效果优秀的纤维织物。
本发明的另一目的在于,提供在碳纳米管中尤其含有多重壁碳纳米管而蓄热保温效果优秀的纤维织物。
本发明的还一目的在于,提供在碳纳米管中尤其含有多重壁碳纳米管而制备费用低廉的蓄热保温效果优秀的纤维织物。
本发明的又一目的在于,提供含有多重壁碳纳米管而蓄热保温效果优秀的纤维织物的制备方法。
本发明的上述及其他多个目的都可通过下述详细说明的本发明达成。
解决问题的手段
本发明的碳纳米管蓄热织物,其特征在于,通过在纤维织物的一面或双面涂敷含有碳纳米管的涂敷液的方法制备。
上述涂敷液包含碳纳米管(CNT)0.1~15重量%、分散剂0.01~5重量%、树脂粘结剂9.89~70重量%及溶剂10~90重量%。相对于100重量份的上述涂敷液,还可添加0..1~5重量份的添加剂。
上述涂敷液既可直接涂敷于织物的表面,还可与聚氨基甲酸乙酯树脂粘结剂混合后最终涂敷于织物的表面。
优选地,碳纳米管经过表面改性工序,以提高与树脂粘结剂之间的粘附性和分散性。
上述碳纳米管虽然可使用单壁碳纳米管(SWNT),但优选使用双壁碳纳米管(DWNT)、薄的多重壁碳纳米管(thin MWNT)及多重壁碳纳米管(MWNT)等多重壁碳纳米管。
作为将上述涂敷液涂敷于织物表面的方法,可利用凹版、平版、吻合棒、刀、迈耶棒、逗号法、辊或浸渍(dipping)及喷射等方法。通过利用刀的刀刃涂敷(knife edge coating)进行涂敷的情况下,优选地,将刀与织物表面之间的间隔维持在0.01~0.1mm的范围内,且其他方法也要涂敷成与刀刃涂敷法获得类似结果。
一边在常温下或加热的腔室内移送所涂敷的蓄热织物,一边使所涂敷的涂敷液固化。
以下参照附图,详细说明本发明的具体内容。
发明的效果
本发明的碳纳米管蓄热织物含碳纳米管,从而提供蓄热保温效果优秀的纤维织物,尤其含有碳纳米管中的多重壁碳纳米管,从而获得提供费用低廉且蓄热保温效果优秀的纤维织物的发明的效果。
附图说明
图1是利用含有多重壁碳纳米管的涂敷液涂敷织物表面的实施例1及比较实施例1的蓄热织物以及利用热成像摄像机拍摄的照片。
图2是利用含有多重壁碳纳米管的涂敷液涂敷织物表面的实施例2及比较实施例2的蓄热织物以及利用热成像摄像机拍摄的照片。
图3是利用含有单壁碳纳米管的涂敷液涂敷织物表面的实施例3的蓄热织物以及利用热成像摄像机拍摄的照片。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及蓄热保温织物,具体地,涉及在织物表面涂敷碳纳米管组合物来带来蓄热及保温效果的蓄热保温织物及其制备方法。
本发明的碳纳米管血热织物,其特征在于,通过在纤维织物的一面或双面涂敷含有碳纳米管的涂敷液的方法来制备。
本发明的碳纳米管蓄热织物可适用于需要保温性的各种户外服装、运动用品、登山、垂钓等休闲用品、军服、室内装饰用窗帘或沙发等。因此,本发明可使用的织物是原丝包括合成纤维和天然纤维,作为代表性的一例,包括涤纶、尼龙、腈纶、人造丝及醋酸纤维等,将这些单独或混合而织成的混合织物都能优选地使用于本发明。
通过在织物面料涂敷碳纳米管组合液,来制备出带来蓄热及保温效果的本发明的蓄热保温织物。
上述涂敷液包含碳纳米管(CNT)0.1~15重量%、分散剂0.01~5重量%、树脂粘结剂9.89~70重量%及溶剂10~90重量%。相对于上述涂敷液100重量份,还可添加0..1~5重量份的添加剂。
碳纳米管虽然可使用单壁碳纳米管(SWNT),但优选使用双壁碳纳米管(DWNT)、薄的多重壁碳纳米管(thin MWNT)及多重壁碳纳米管(MWNT)等多重壁碳纳米管。
可以使用单壁碳纳米管(SWNT)来制备本发明的碳纳米管涂敷液,但单壁碳纳米管价格昂贵。本发明为了解决这种问题,利用多重壁碳纳米管进行了试验,结果发现具有优秀的蓄热保温效果。并且,多重壁碳纳米管与单壁碳纳米管不同,由于价格低廉,因此,可以以较低的费用制备蓄热织物。在本发明中,由于双壁碳纳米管(DWNT)和薄的多重壁碳纳米管(thin MWNT)都能呈现优秀的蓄热效果,且价格也低廉,因此,都可以使用。碳纳米管以0.1~15重量%的范围组合在涂敷液中,若碳纳米管在0.1重量%以下,则很难期待充分的蓄热保温效果,若碳纳米管在15重量%以上,则会使用多余的碳纳米管,从而会成为成本上升的因素。
优选地,碳纳米管经过表面改性工序,以提高与树脂粘结剂之间的粘附性和分散性。碳纳米管的表面改性方法作为现有的常规方法,具有液相或气相酸处理、臭氧水处理、等离子处理等。这些常规的碳纳米管的表面改性方法,本发明所属领域技术人员可容易地实施。
上述碳纳米管涂敷液为了光吸收面积的提高,需要均匀且细微地分散碳纳米管,为此,添加分散剂,即表面活性剂。使用于本发明的分散剂可使用市场上销售的常规的表面活性剂,代表例子有,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS,sodiumdodecyl benzene sulfonate)、十二烷基磺酸钠(SDSA)、N,N'-双十二烷基-N,N,N',N'-四甲基-1,6己二酸-二乙醇胺酯-二溴化铵(DTAD)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(NaDDBS)、胆酸(Cholic Acid)、吐温85(Tween85)、布里杰78(Brij78)、布里杰700(Brij700)、曲拉通X(TritonX)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、乙基纤维素(EC,Ethyl Cellulose)、全氟磺酸(Nafion)、羟丙基纤维素(HPC,Hydroxy PropylCellulose)、羟甲基化纤维素(CMC,Carboxy Methyl Cellulose)、羟基乙基纤维素(HEC,Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose)、聚醚(聚环氧乙烷(PEO)与聚环氧丙烷(PPO)的聚合物)等。它们可以以单独形态或两种以上的混合物的形态使用。
在涂敷液中,以0.1~5重量%的范围使用分散剂,若分散剂在0.01重量%以下,则无法呈现充分的分散性,若分散剂在5重量%以上,则会使用多余的分散剂,因而并不优选。
上述涂敷液中使用树脂粘结剂,以保障与纤维之间的接合及洗涤坚牢度等。树脂粘结剂包括热固化性粘结剂和紫外线(UV)固化性粘结剂,优选使用选自聚氨基甲酸乙酯类树脂、丙烯酸类树脂、聚氨基甲酸乙酯-丙烯酸共聚物、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺、聚醚类树脂、聚烯烃类树脂及三聚氰胺类树脂组成的组中的一种或两种以上的混合物。在涂敷液中,树脂粘结剂使用9.89~70重量%,就树脂粘结剂的种类和使用量,考虑到与其他成分之间的关系,可在上述范围内由所属领域技术人员容易地实施。
上述碳纳米管、分散剂及树脂粘结剂混合在溶剂内,来组成涂敷液。所使用的溶剂可以是选自水、甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、甲基乙基酮(MEK)、甲苯及二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)等有机溶剂组成的组中的一种或它们的混合物。但也并不局限于上述溶剂。溶剂作为除了碳纳米管、分散剂及树脂粘结剂以外的剩余部分,使用10~90重量%。
当然,除了碳纳米管、分散剂及树脂粘结剂之外,上述涂敷液中还可添加各种添加剂,以赋予溶液的稳定性或所需的特定功能。作为所添加的添加剂,有分散剂、滑剂、流动性改善剂、增粘剂、抗静电剂、拒水剂、空气/蒸汽/汗渗透剂、摩擦系数改善剂及紫外线稳定剂,且可以单独使用或混合两种以上使用。当然,也并不局限于上述添加剂,根据用途,可适当地使用其他添加剂。相对于涂敷液100重量份,可以添加0.01~5重量份的添加剂。
上述涂敷液可以直接涂敷于织物的表面,也可以与聚氨基甲酸乙酯树脂粘结剂混合后最终涂敷于织物的表面。
作为将上述涂敷液涂敷于织物的表面的方法,可利用凹版、平版、吻合棒、刀、迈耶棒、逗号法、辊或浸渍法(dipping)及喷射等方法来执行。通过利用刀的刀刃涂敷(knife edge coating)进行涂敷的情况下,优选地,将刀与织物表面之间的间隔维持在0.01~0.1mm的范围内,且其他方法也要涂敷成与刀刃涂敷法获得类似结果。
一边在常温下或加热的腔室内移送所涂敷的蓄热织物,一边使所涂敷的涂敷液固化。上述涂敷方法或涂敷后的固化工序,即腔室的温度、腔室内的织物的移送速度等可根据织物的种类或实施方式来变更,且这些变更可通过所属领域技术人员容易地实施。
本发明再一实施例的碳纳米管蓄热织物,其特征在于,在将织物与织物进行复合时,在织物与织物之间混合粘结剂与碳纳米管涂敷液,并通过粘合(bonding)加工来制备。在此情况下,所使用的粘结剂的种类和使用量可通过本发明所属领域技术人员容易地实施。
本发明将通过下述的实施例更加具体化,且下述实施例仅出于例示本发明为目的进行记载的,不能解释为局限或限定本发明要求保护范围的意义。
用于实施发明的方式
实施例1
涂敷液的制备:在制备本发明的碳纳米管涂敷液时,利用硝酸和硫酸(3:1)混合溶液,使多重壁碳纳米管的表面氧化,来制备出分散性能提高的多重壁碳纳米管。对经过酸处理的上述多重壁碳纳米管5重量%、分散剂(商品名:曲拉通X100(Triton X100))5重量%、消泡剂(商品名:Surfynol104H)0.2重量%及蒸馏水38.8重量%进行混合,并以140W(70%)的功率施加1小时的超声波,来分散碳纳米管。在上述分散液中混合水分散聚氨基甲酸乙酯类粘结剂(商品名:Sancure12954)50重量%和增粘剂(商品名:卡波姆EP-1(Carbopol EP-1))1重量%,并在搅拌器中搅拌30分钟,来制备出涂敷液。
蓄热织物的制备:如同附图中的图1的下部所图示的3号区域一样,在100%涤纶织物的背面,通过利用刀的刀刃涂敷(knifeedge coating)方法,涂敷所制备出的上述碳纳米管涂敷液,涂敷时,刀与织物的表面之间的间隔维持0.05mm,然后在常温下进行固化。
比较实施例1
在附图中的图1的下部所图示的1号区域,通过利用刀的方法,涂敷所制备出的上述涂敷液中除了碳纳米管之外的涂敷液,涂敷时,刀与织物的表面之间的间隔维持0.05mm,然后在常温下进行固化。
图示于图1的下部的2号区域维持未涂敷任何东西的状态,从而使得能够容易地区分相当于1号的比较实施例1与相当于3号的实施例1。
热成像摄像机的观察:对于表示上述实施例1及比较实施例1的测试试样,如图1的上部,用热成像摄像机拍摄后进行了图示。有关热成像摄像机的拍摄,利用500W的近红外线灯,在30cm的距离进行照射,同时利用热成像摄像机(FTIR公司,红外热像仪(InfraCAM))观察纤维表面的温度变化。由观察结果确认到,与未涂敷纤维以及利用未包含碳纳米管的涂敷液进行涂敷的纤维相比,碳纳米管涂敷纤维具有最高28度的温度上升效果。
实施例2
如图2的下部所示,将利用上述实施例1的方法制备的碳纳米管涂敷液涂敷于10cm×10cm纤维试样的1号区域,并按照与实施例1相同的方法制备出蓄热织物。
比较实施例2
为了与实施例2之间的比较,如图2的下部所示,在10cm×10cm纤维试样的2号区域涂敷包含黑色燃料的墨水,来制备测试试样。
热成像摄像机的观察:按照与实施例1相同的方法进行热成像摄像机的拍摄,并如同图2的上部进行图示。通过比较实施例2的测定结果可以确认,与墨水涂敷纤维相比,实施例2的碳纳米管涂敷纤维具有最高26度的温度上升效果。
实施例3
为了制备碳纳米管,利用硝酸和硫酸(3:1)混合溶液,使通过电弧放电(Arc-discharge)法制备的单壁碳纳米管的表面氧化,来制备出分散性能提高的单壁碳纳米管。对经过酸处理的上述单壁碳纳米管5重量%、分散剂(商品名:SDS)5重量%、消泡剂(商品名:Surfynol104H)0.2重量%及蒸馏水43.3重量%进行混合,并以140W(70%)的功率施加1小时的超声波,来分散碳纳米管。在上述分散液中混合水分散聚氨基甲酸乙酯类粘结剂(商品名:Sancure12954)50重量%和增粘剂(商品名称:卡波姆EP-1(Carbopol EP-1))1重量%,并在搅拌器中搅拌30分钟,来制备出涂敷液。按实施例1的方法将涂敷液涂敷于10cm×10cm纤维试样,来制备测试试样。
热成像摄像机的观察:在室温下,利用500W的近红外线灯,在30cm的距离进行照射,同时利用热成像摄像机观察纤维表面的温度变化。图3中的1号区域为未涂敷涂敷液的部分,2号区域为涂敷实施例3的涂敷液的部分,由测定结果可以确认的是,1号区域的未涂敷织物及2号区域的单壁碳纳米管涂敷织物具有最高24度的温度上升效果。
本发明的保护范围会根据发明要求保护范围而具体化,且本发明的简单的变形或变更应解释为全都属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (16)
1.一种碳纳米管蓄热织物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括在纤维织物的一面或双面涂敷含有碳纳米管的涂敷液的步骤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的碳纳米管蓄热织物的制备方法,其特征在于,上述涂敷液包含碳纳米管0.1~15重量%、分散剂0.01~5重量%、树脂粘结剂9.89~70重量%及溶剂10~90重量%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的碳纳米管蓄热织物的制备方法,其特征在于,还包括对上述碳纳米管进行表面改性的工序,以提高上述碳纳米管与树脂粘结剂之间的粘附性和分散性。
4.根据权利要求2所述的碳纳米管蓄热织物的制备方法,其特征在于,上述涂敷液直接涂敷于织物的表面或与聚氨基甲酸乙酯树脂粘结剂混合后涂敷于织物的表面。
5.根据权利要求2所述的碳纳米管蓄热织物的制备方法,其特征在于,将上述涂敷液涂敷于织物的表面的方法选自凹版、平版、吻合棒、刀、迈耶棒、逗号法、辊、浸渍及喷射方法组成的组。
6.根据权利要求2所述的碳纳米管蓄热织物的制备方法,其特征在于,还包括一边在常温下或加热的腔室内移送所涂敷的上述蓄热织物一边使涂敷液固化的步骤。
7.根据权利要求2所述的碳纳米管蓄热织物的制备方法,其特征在于,上述碳纳米管为多重壁碳纳米管。
8.根据权利要求2所述的碳纳米管蓄热织物的制备方法,其特征在于,上述纤维织物是选自涤纶、尼龙、腈纶、人造丝及醋酸纤维组成的组中的单独织物或混合两种以上来制备的混合织物。
9.一种碳纳米管蓄热织物,其特征在于,通过权利要求1至8中任一项所述的碳纳米管蓄热织物的制备方法制备而成。
10.一种蓄热织物涂敷用碳纳米管涂敷液组合物,其特征在于,包含碳纳米管0.1~15重量%、分散剂0.01~5重量%、树脂粘结剂9.89~70重量%及溶剂10~90重量%。
11.根据权利要求10所述的蓄热织物涂敷用碳纳米管涂敷液组合物,其特征在于,上述碳纳米管为多重壁碳纳米管。
12.根据权利要求10所述的蓄热织物涂敷用碳纳米管涂敷液组合物,其特征在于,相对于100重量份的涂敷液,还添加0.01~5重量份的添加剂。
13.根据权利要求10所述的蓄热织物涂敷用碳纳米管涂敷液组合物,其特征在于,上述树脂粘结剂是选自聚氨基甲酸乙酯类树脂、丙烯酸类树脂、聚氨基甲酸乙酯-丙烯酸共聚物、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺、聚醚类树脂、聚烯烃类树脂及三聚氰胺类树脂组成的组中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
14.根据权利要求10所述的蓄热织物涂敷用碳纳米管涂敷液组合物,其特征在于,上述溶剂是选自水、甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲苯及二甲基甲酰胺组成的组中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
15.根据权利要求12所述的蓄热织物涂敷用碳纳米管涂敷液组合物,其特征在于,上述添加剂是选自分散剂、滑剂、流动性改善剂、增粘剂、抗静电剂、拒水剂、空气/蒸汽/汗渗透剂、摩擦系数改善剂及紫外线稳定剂组成的组中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
16.一种复合的碳纳米管蓄热织物,其特征在于,将权利要求10至15中任一项所述的蓄热织物涂敷用碳纳米管涂敷液组合物与粘结剂混合,并涂敷于织物和织物之间,通过粘合加工来制备。
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