CN103592025A - Spectrum analysis system - Google Patents

Spectrum analysis system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103592025A
CN103592025A CN201310525282.2A CN201310525282A CN103592025A CN 103592025 A CN103592025 A CN 103592025A CN 201310525282 A CN201310525282 A CN 201310525282A CN 103592025 A CN103592025 A CN 103592025A
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China
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photomultiplier
light
optical fiber
analysis system
tube array
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CN201310525282.2A
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CN103592025B (en
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陈文聪
蒲以康
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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Priority to PCT/CN2014/089330 priority patent/WO2015062445A1/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/443Emission spectrometry
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/12Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
    • G01J3/18Generating the spectrum; Monochromators using diffraction elements, e.g. grating
    • G01J3/1804Plane gratings
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02Details
    • G01J3/0205Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
    • G01J3/021Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using plane or convex mirrors, parallel phase plates, or particular reflectors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02Details
    • G01J3/0205Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
    • G01J3/0218Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using optical fibers

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a spectrum analysis system which comprises a Czerny-Turner light path structure, a photomultiplier tube array, an optical fiber array, a multi-channel time gating counter, a high-voltage power supply and a temperature controlling module. The photomultiplier tube array includes N photomultiplier tubes, wherein N is a positive integer. The optical fiber array comprises N sets of optical fibers, and the first end of each set of optical fibers form a column in the direction parallel to an entrance slit and installed on the focusing plane of the Czerny-Turner light path structure, wherein the first end of each set of optical fibers collects monochromatic light of different wave lengths, and the second ends of the N sets of optical fibers are correspondingly connected with the N photomultiplier tubes in a one-to-one mode so that light signals of different wave lengths can be conducted to different photomultiplier tubes. The temperature controlling module is connected with the photomultiplier tube array and used for keeping the photomultiplier tube array in a constant low-temperature environment in the process of spectral measurement. The spectrum analysis system has the advantages of having high sensitivity and high time resolution and being capable of being used for collecting weak fast-changing non-redundant spectrum signals.

Description

Spectroscopic analysis system
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of analytic instrument, be specifically related to a kind of spectroscopic analysis system.
Background technology
Spectrometer is general spectrometric instrument, in research fields such as plasma physics, atomic and molecular physicses, is commonly employed.Take low temperature plasma physics research as example, understand the behavior rule of various particles in plasma, the most basic method is by measuring the spectral line of emission of various particles.The emission spectrum of low temperature plasma comprises many atom and molecule spectral lines, and is distributed in from ultraviolet in infrared very wide wavelength coverage.Meanwhile, for the plasma of non-constant state, its emission spectrum is time dependent, and may be that aperiodicity is unduplicated.For understanding physical and chemical process complicated in plasma, conventionally need to gather the many faint spectral line except main intense line.Therefore, the difficulty of spectral measurement is very large, is required to meet following requirement: the first, can measure at synchronization the line strength at different wave length place; The second, the sensitivity of system and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) are enough high to measure faint spectral line; The 3rd, detecting device has fast time response ability and data acquisition ability, to complete at short notice the collection of a large amount of fast-changing spectral signals.
Now widely used spectrometer is mainly Cheney-Tener structure, mainly comprises: entrance slit, collimating mirror, diffraction grating, focusing mirror, exit slit (optional) and detecting device.Conventional detecting device mainly contains photomultiplier and CCD camera.Photomultiplier need to coordinate exit slit to use conventionally, and each only gathers the light signal of certain wavelength constantly, is therefore single channel detector.The advantage of photomultiplier is high sensitivity and rapid time response, particularly when it is operated in photon counting mode, its sensitivity is the highest in existing all fluorescence detectors, can carry out to entering the photon of its window the time discrimination measurement of single photon nanosecond order.Meanwhile, its shortcoming is need to pass through rotating shutter scanning wavelength while using as single channel detector, for the spectral signal measurement in large wavelength coverage, needs the time long, and efficiency is low.Comparatively speaking, CCD camera has two-dimensional array, does not need exit slit, can gather the light signal at different wave length place simultaneously, so the required data acquisition time of Measurement sensibility light signal is shorter.Compare photomultiplier, sensitivity and the time resolution of common CCD camera are poor.Therefore,, when needs are measured time dependent faint light spectrum signal, conventionally use enhancement mode CCD camera.Enhancement mode CCD camera, by increasing electron multiplication section to improve sensitivity, can be realized other time shutter of nanosecond with the switch of electric signal control electron multiplication section simultaneously.Be subject to the restriction of the factors such as photocathode material and fluorescent plate luminescence efficiency, the detection efficiency of enhancement mode CCD camera is lower than photomultiplier.Simultaneously, although the time shutter of enhancement mode CCD camera can reach nanosecond, but be subject to that signal is cumulative, the restriction of the factor such as CCD electric charge transfer velocity and analog-to-digital conversion rate cannot continuous acquisition signal, necessary a plurality of periodic accumulation signals, therefore collecting efficiency is lower and to require light signal must be periodically to repeat, and cannot not repeat for transient state the measurement of light signal.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended at least solve one of technical matters existing in prior art.
For this reason, the object of the invention is to propose a kind of spectroscopic analysis system.
To achieve these goals, the spectroscopic analysis system according to the embodiment of the present invention, comprising: Cheney-Tener light channel structure, and described Cheney-Tener light channel structure is for by the spectrum light splitting of light source being output abreast after different wave length monochromatic light; Photomultiplier tube array, described photomultiplier tube array comprises N photomultiplier, N is positive integer; Fiber array, described fiber array comprises N group optical fiber, each first end of organizing optical fiber is lined up with row of entrance slit parallel direction and is arranged on the focussing plane of described Cheney-Tener light channel structure, the wherein said first end of respectively organizing optical fiber is collected different wave length monochromatic light, and the second end of described N group optical fiber is connected that from a described N photomultiplier light signal transduction of different wave length is arrived to different photomultipliers correspondingly; Hyperchannel time gate counter, described hyperchannel time gate counter and described a plurality of photomultiplier are electrically connected respectively; High-voltage power supply, described high-voltage power supply and described photomultiplier tube array are electrically connected; And temperature control modules, described temperature control modules is connected with described photomultiplier tube array, for described photomultiplier tube array being maintained to constant low temperature environment when carrying out spectral measurement.
According to the spectroscopic analysis system of the embodiment of the present invention, utilize photomultiplier tube array as the detecting device of spectrometer, utilize fiber array that the spectral signal of different wave length on spectrometer focal plane is transferred to different photomultipliers, the pulse output signals of photomultiplier tube array is counted by hyperchannel gate control counter device, thereby makes this system have the time resolution of other high sensitivity of single-photon-level and nanosecond order.Meanwhile, the present invention utilizes fiber array transmission spectrum signal, has reduced the impact of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and X ray.Meanwhile, by temperature control modules, undertaken photomultiplier tube array to freeze and control with temperature, be conducive to reduce background signal, improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), realize steady operation, improve precision of analysis.Compare the spectrometer system of the single photomultiplier of existing use or CCD camera, the advantage of spectroscopic analysis system of the present invention is to have high sensitivity and high time resolution ability simultaneously, can be used for gathering faint quick variation and unduplicated spectral signal.
In addition, according to the spectroscopic analysis system of the embodiment of the present invention, can also there is following additional technical feature:
In one embodiment of the invention, described Cheney-Tener light channel structure specifically comprises: entrance slit, collimating mirror, diffraction grating and focusing mirror, wherein, the described entrance slit of continuous spectrum process that light source sends is to being irradiated on described collimating mirror, then through described collimating mirror, reflect to form directional light, described directional light, after described diffraction grating diffraction, makes the monochromatic light of different wave length focus on the diverse location on same focal plane by described focusing mirror.
In one embodiment of the invention, each to organize the number of fibers that optical fiber comprises identical.
In one embodiment of the invention, described photomultiplier works in photon counting mode, and described hyperchannel gate control counter device carries out photon counting to a described N photomultiplier simultaneously.
In one embodiment of the invention, described optical fiber is multimode optical fiber.
In one embodiment of the invention, by known discharged atomic gas beacon light, surely can determine the wavelength of the light signal that each photomultiplier gathers.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the time need to gathering the spectral line of specified wavelength, by regulate fiber array in every row optical fiber spacing of first end to change the wavelength that each photomultiplier is corresponding.
Additional aspect of the present invention and advantage in the following description part provide, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize by practice of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage accompanying drawing below combination obviously and is easily understood becoming the description of embodiment, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the spectroscopic analysis system of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of fiber array first end, fiber array the second end and the photomultiplier tube array of the spectroscopic analysis system of Fig. 1; With
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of Cheney-Tener light channel structure.
Embodiment
Describe embodiments of the invention below in detail, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein same or similar label represents same or similar element or has the element of identical or similar functions from start to finish.Below by the embodiment being described with reference to the drawings, be exemplary, be intended to for explaining the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
The present invention be intended to propose a kind of in synchronization obtains certain wavelength coverage the spectral signal intensity at different wave length place, there is other high sensitivity of single-photon-level and other time resolution of nanosecond, and spectroscopic analysis system that can continuous acquisition signal.
According to the spectroscopic analysis system of the embodiment of the present invention, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, can comprise: Cheney-Tener light channel structure 10, photomultiplier tube array 20, fiber array 30, hyperchannel time gate counter 40, high-voltage power supply 50 and temperature control modules 60.Cheney-Tener light channel structure 10 is for by the spectrum light splitting of light source being output abreast after different wave length monochromatic light.Photomultiplier tube array 20 comprises N photomultiplier, and N is positive integer.Fiber array 30 comprises N group optical fiber, and each first end of organizing optical fiber is lined up with row of entrance slit parallel direction and is arranged on the focussing plane of Cheney-Tener light channel structure 10.Wherein respectively organize optical fiber and collect the monochromatic light of different wave length.The second end of N group optical fiber is connected the light signal transduction of different wave length to different photomultipliers correspondingly from N photomultiplier.Hyperchannel time gate counter 40 is electrically connected respectively with a plurality of photomultipliers.High-voltage power supply 50 is electrically connected with photomultiplier tube array 20.The required high direct voltage power supply of photomultiplier tube array 20 work is provided by high stable high-voltage power supply 50.Temperature control modules 60 is connected with photomultiplier tube array 20, and this temperature control modules 60 for maintaining photomultiplier tube array in low temperature environment when carrying out spectral measurement.
Although it should be noted that the situation that N=4 has been shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, it is only for the convenience of example but not restriction of the present invention herein.During real work, should increase as required photomultiplier number and fiber array columns.For example, it is the optical fiber of 200 microns that fiber array adopts 100 row diameters, the minimum length of fiber array under is in the horizontal direction 20 millimeters, suitable with the pixel faces battle array size of normally used CCD camera, can gather and CCD camera-type like the spectral signal of 100 wavelength points in wavelength coverage.Now, corresponding photomultiplier tube array is comprised of 100 photomultipliers.
The course of work of this spectroscopic analysis system is: the one end on the focal plane of the bright dipping near Cheney-Tener light path 10, optical fiber arrangement in fiber array 30 becomes two-dimentional square array, collects the spectral signal of Same Wavelength with the every row optical fiber in entrance slit parallel direction.Every row optical fiber converges into a branch of in the one end that connects photomultiplier tube array 20, the spectral signal of different wave length is conducted to different photomultipliers, by the signal of a plurality of photomultipliers, can obtain the spectral information in certain spectral range simultaneously.
The spectroscopic analysis system of above-described embodiment utilizes photomultiplier tube array as the detecting device of spectrometer, utilize fiber array that the spectral signal of different wave length on spectrometer focal plane is transferred to different photomultipliers, the pulse output signals of photomultiplier tube array is counted by hyperchannel gate control counter device, thereby makes this system have the time resolution of other high sensitivity of single-photon-level and nanosecond order.Meanwhile, the present invention utilizes fiber array transmission spectrum signal, has reduced the impact of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and X ray.Meanwhile, by temperature control modules, photomultiplier tube array is freezed and controlled with temperature, be conducive to reduce background signal, improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), realize steady operation, improve analysis result accuracy.Compare the spectrometer system of the single photomultiplier of existing use or CCD camera, the advantage of spectroscopic analysis system of the present invention is to have high sensitivity and high time resolution ability simultaneously, can be used for gathering faint quick variation and unduplicated spectral signal.
In one embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 3, Cheney-Tener light channel structure 10 specifically can comprise: entrance slit 11, collimating mirror 12, diffraction grating 13 and focusing mirror 14.The continuous spectrum process entrance slit 11 that light source sends is to being irradiated on collimating mirror 12, then through collimating mirror 12, reflect to form directional light, this directional light, after diffraction grating 13 diffraction, finally makes the monochromatic light of different wave length focus on the diverse location on same focal plane by focusing mirror 14.
In one embodiment of the invention, each to organize the number of fibers that optical fiber comprises identical.It should be noted that, when each organizes the number difference in optical fiber, also can be multiplied by a correction factor to obtain correct spectral analysis result by the count results of hyperchannel gate control counter device is added.But preferably the scheme that number of fibers is identical is respectively organized in employing.
In one embodiment of the invention, photomultiplier works in photon counting mode, and 40 pairs of N photomultipliers of hyperchannel gate control counter device carry out photon counting simultaneously.Particularly, the pulse output signals of each photomultiplier is counted by a passage of hyperchannel gate control counter device 40.The present invention adopts photomultiplier as detecting device, has sensitivity optimum in current existing all optical signal detectors and time resolution preferably, can continuous acquisition signal.When needing the spectral signal of collection period variation, be only required to be hyperchannel gate control counter device one-period synchronizing signal is provided.When light signal is transient state not during repeating signal, need to provide a summary early than the trigger pip of light signal and suitable time gate-width and acquisition sequence length are set for hyperchannel gate control counter device.This system has been brought into play the high sensitivity of photomultiplier and the feature of high time resolution ability, has the ability of the multichannel collecting of CCD camera simultaneously.
In one embodiment of the invention, optical fiber is multimode optical fiber.Utilize optical fiber to carry out signal transmission and also can reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and X ray, the light signal being applicable under strong jamming condition is measured.
In one embodiment of the invention, by gathering the signal of different photomultipliers, can obtain the light signal at different wave length place.By known discharged atomic gas beacon light, surely can determine the wavelength of the light signal that each photomultiplier gathers.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the time need to gathering the spectral line of specified wavelength, can be by suitable adjusting fiber array in every row optical fiber spacing of one end, spectrometer focal plane to change the wavelength that each photomultiplier is corresponding.
In description of the invention, it will be appreciated that, term " " center ", " longitudinally ", " laterally ", " length ", " width ", " thickness ", " on ", D score, " front ", " afterwards ", " left side ", " right side ", " vertically ", " level ", " top ", " end " " interior ", " outward ", " clockwise ", " counterclockwise ", " axially ", " radially ", orientation or the position relationship of indications such as " circumferentially " are based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, only the present invention for convenience of description and simplified characterization, rather than device or the element of indication or hint indication must have specific orientation, with specific orientation structure and operation, therefore can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
In addition, term " first ", " second " be only for describing object, and can not be interpreted as indication or hint relative importance or the implicit quantity that indicates indicated technical characterictic.Thus, one or more these features can be expressed or impliedly be comprised to the feature that is limited with " first ", " second ".In description of the invention, the implication of " a plurality of " is two or more, unless otherwise expressly limited specifically.
In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms such as term " installation ", " being connected ", " connection ", " fixing " should be interpreted broadly, and for example, can be to be fixedly connected with, and can be also to removably connect, or be integral; Can be mechanical connection, can be to be also electrically connected to; Can be to be directly connected, also can indirectly be connected by intermediary, can be the connection of two element internals or the interaction relationship of two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, can understand as the case may be above-mentioned term concrete meaning in the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, First Characteristic Second Characteristic " on " or D score can be that the first and second features directly contact, or the first and second features are by intermediary indirect contact.And, First Characteristic Second Characteristic " on ", " top " and " above " but First Characteristic directly over Second Characteristic or oblique upper, or only represent that First Characteristic level height is higher than Second Characteristic.First Characteristic Second Characteristic " under ", " below " and " below " can be First Characteristic under Second Characteristic or tiltedly, or only represent that First Characteristic level height is less than Second Characteristic.
In the description of this instructions, the description of reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiment ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means to be contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or example in conjunction with specific features, structure, material or the feature of this embodiment or example description.In this manual, to the schematic statement of above-mentioned term not must for be identical embodiment or example.And, the specific features of description, structure, material or feature can one or more embodiment in office or example in suitable mode combination.In addition, those skilled in the art can carry out combination and combination by the different embodiment that describe in this instructions or example.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention above, be understandable that, above-described embodiment is exemplary, can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention, and those of ordinary skill in the art can change above-described embodiment within the scope of the invention, modification, replacement and modification.

Claims (7)

1. a spectroscopic analysis system, is characterized in that, comprising:
Cheney-Tener light channel structure, described Cheney-Tener light channel structure is for by the spectrum light splitting of light source being output abreast after different wave length monochromatic light;
Photomultiplier tube array, described photomultiplier tube array comprises N photomultiplier, N is positive integer;
Fiber array, described fiber array comprises N group optical fiber, each first end of organizing optical fiber is lined up with row of entrance slit parallel direction and is arranged on the focussing plane of described Cheney-Tener light channel structure, the wherein said first end of respectively organizing optical fiber is collected different wave length monochromatic light, and the second end of described N group optical fiber is connected that from a described N photomultiplier light signal transduction of different wave length is arrived to different photomultipliers correspondingly;
Hyperchannel time gate counter, described hyperchannel time gate counter and described a plurality of photomultiplier are electrically connected respectively;
High-voltage power supply, described high-voltage power supply and described photomultiplier tube array are electrically connected; With
Temperature control modules, described temperature control modules is connected with described photomultiplier tube array, for described photomultiplier tube array being maintained to constant low temperature environment when carrying out spectral measurement.
2. spectroscopic analysis system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Cheney-Tener light channel structure specifically comprises: entrance slit, collimating mirror, diffraction grating and focusing mirror, wherein, the described entrance slit of continuous spectrum process that light source sends is to being irradiated on described collimating mirror, then through described collimating mirror, reflect to form directional light, described directional light, after described diffraction grating diffraction, makes the monochromatic light of different wave length focus on the diverse location on same focal plane by described focusing mirror.
3. spectroscopic analysis system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, it is identical that each organizes the number of fibers that optical fiber comprises.
4. the spectroscopic analysis system as described in claim 1-3, is characterized in that, described photomultiplier works in photon counting mode, and described hyperchannel gate control counter device carries out photon counting to a described N photomultiplier simultaneously.
5. the spectroscopic analysis system as described in claim 1-4, is characterized in that, described optical fiber is multimode optical fiber.
6. the spectroscopic analysis system as described in claim 1-5, is characterized in that, by known discharged atomic gas beacon light, surely can determine the wavelength of the light signal that each photomultiplier gathers.
7. the spectroscopic analysis system as described in claim 1-6, is characterized in that, in the time need to gathering the spectral line of specified wavelength, by regulate fiber array in every row optical fiber spacing of first end to change the wavelength that each photomultiplier is corresponding.
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