CN111965152A - A identification appearance that is used for on-spot biological spot of criminal investigation to detect - Google Patents
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
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Abstract
The invention relates to an identifier for detecting biological speckles in criminal investigation sites, which comprises an excitation light source, a light source diffraction grating, a focusing coupling mirror, a fluorescence diffraction grating, a spectrum focusing imaging mirror and a photoelectric detector array, wherein the excitation light source is arranged on the light source diffraction grating; excitation light emitted by an excitation light source is emitted to a light source diffraction grating through a light source slit, light with different wavelengths is emitted to a focusing coupling mirror through a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting beam splitter, and the focusing coupling mirror is used for converging the excitation light with different wavelengths and emitting the converged excitation light to a measured target through an emitting slit; fluorescence excited by a detected target is collected by the focusing coupling mirror through the exit slit and is emitted to the fluorescence diffraction grating through the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting beam splitter, the fluorescence diffraction grating is used for separating the polychromatic fluorescence spectrum signal into monochromatic light according to wavelength space, the monochromatic fluorescence components are focused and imaged to different positions through the spectrum focusing imaging mirror, and the photoelectric detector array is used for collecting the fluorescence spectrum signal of different positions to finish biological speckle detection of the detected target.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an identifier for detecting biological speckles in a criminal investigation field, and relates to the technical field of criminal investigation.
Background
The DNA detection technology and related instruments thereof are used as important technical means for public security first-line reconnaissance and crime fighting, and play an important role in criminal suspect identification, paternity test and serial and parallel case reconnaissance. With the development of science and technology, forensic DNA detection technology has undergone multiple technological innovations such as multi-site DNA fingerprinting analysis, amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis, mitochondrial detection technology, RNA detection technology, etc., and is currently continuously developed, but the realization of the above technologies is premised on accurate acquisition of test materials. At present, the potential material evidence is mainly detected on case sites by means of a fluorescence spectrum technology, and a fluorescence method is used as a rapid non-destructive and relatively accurate method and plays an important preceding stage role in comprehensive criminal investigation evidence collection. In fact, in the aspects of discovery and selective detection, the difficulty that the suspicious physical evidence is too much and the biological spot cannot be accurately judged is often faced. The reasons include two aspects, on one hand, the particularity of biological substances and speckle substances, the amorphous state of the biological substances and the speckle substances and the special characteristics of no metal elements, the detection means is limited, a plurality of interferents are generated, and accurate detection is not easy to realize; on the other hand, the judgment and identification degree of the naked eyes on the fluorescence spectrum is limited, experience shows that the conventional spots have different sensitivity degrees to different colors of light, the individual light sensitivity difference is obvious, the fluorescence expression of various types of spots is often difficult to distinguish under the naked eyes, and the false positive prejudgment is often caused in the subjective evidence searching process.
The phenomenon of fluorescence has been studied very intensively as an intrinsic property of a substance, in which fluorescence spectra fall into the category of molecular spectra. The fluorescence lines emitted by substances with different molecular structures are different in spectral position and intensity, and can be used as a fingerprint spectrum of the substances to deduce and measure the components and the content of the substances under certain conditions. At present, the extremely fast response speed of the fluorescence phenomenon, the nondestructive detection method and the lower requirements of instruments and equipment enable the detection means based on fluorescence to play an important role in the fields of quantitative analysis of known substances, fast identification of unknown substances, fast diagnosis of diseases and the like. A spectrometer (spectrometer) is a scientific instrument that decomposes light with complex components into spectral lines, and is composed of a prism or a diffraction grating, etc., and can measure light reflected by the surface of an object using the spectrometer. The seven colors of sunlight are visible light, but if the sunlight is decomposed by a spectrometer and arranged according to wavelength, the visible light occupies a small range in the spectrum, and the rest is a spectrum which cannot be distinguished by naked eyes, such as infrared rays, microwaves, ultraviolet rays, X rays and the like. The optical information is captured by a spectrometer, developed by a photographic negative film, or displayed and analyzed by a computerized automatic display numerical instrument, so that the element contained in the article can be detected. This technique has been widely used in the detection of air pollution, water pollution, food hygiene, metal industry, and the like.
Until now, the body fluid speckle distinguishing technology which is researched all needs to perform destructive extraction on the speckles, the type judgment of various body fluid speckles is generally performed by utilizing an mRNA laboratory method at present, and a nondestructive method has no mature scheme so far. In the actual use process, various light sources of various brands can find the speckles, but no relevant equipment which can be used in practice and can directly distinguish the speckle types on the spot exists.
In conclusion, the ultraviolet developing lamp used in the criminal investigation field is judged based on human eyes or photographs, so that the number of interferents is too many, and false positive is easy to happen; the forensic DNA detection technology needs to sample suspicious targets and then send the suspicious targets to a laboratory for assay analysis, the detection and analysis time period is long, the timeliness is difficult to guarantee, the analysis efficiency of the forensic DNA detection technology depends on accurate acquisition of criminal investigation field inspection materials to a great extent, more invalid evidence analysis is usually needed in order to guarantee no omission of the evidence, and the analysis efficiency is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide an identifier for biological speckle detection in criminal investigation sites, which can be used for case sites to determine whether suspicious speckles are biological speckles.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a recognizer for detecting biological speckles in criminal investigation sites comprises an excitation light source, a light source diffraction grating, a focusing coupling mirror, a fluorescence diffraction grating, a spectrum focusing imaging mirror and a photoelectric detector array;
excitation light emitted by the excitation light source is emitted to the light source diffraction grating through the light source slit, the light source diffraction grating is used for carrying out spatial separation on the multi-color excitation light source according to the wavelength, light with different wavelengths is emitted to the focusing coupling mirror through the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting beam splitter, and the focusing coupling mirror is used for converging the excitation light with different wavelengths and emitting the converged excitation light to a target to be detected through the exit slit;
fluorescence excited by the detected target is collected by the focusing coupling mirror through the exit slit and is emitted to the fluorescence diffraction grating through the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting beam splitter, the fluorescence diffraction grating is used for separating a polychromatic fluorescence spectrum signal into monochromatic light according to a wavelength space, and the monochromatic fluorescence components are focused and imaged to different positions through the spectrum focusing imaging mirror, and the photoelectric detector array is used for collecting the fluorescence spectrum signals of different positions to complete biological speckle detection of the detected target.
In the above identifier, preferably, the exit of the exit slit is externally connected with an optical fiber probe, the optical fiber probe includes an optical fiber bundle and a probe, one end of the optical fiber bundle is connected to the exit of the exit slit, the other end of the optical fiber bundle is connected to the probe, and the probe is placed in front of the target to be measured.
In the above identifier, preferably, a light source collimator is disposed between the light source slit and the light source diffraction grating, and the light source collimator is configured to collimate an excitation light source into a parallel light source.
Preferably, the excitation light source is an ultraviolet light source, and the wavelength of the excitation light source covers an ultraviolet band of 250-400 nm.
Preferably, the above identifier is characterized in that the ultraviolet light source is a xenon lamp or an ultraviolet LED.
Preferably, the ratio range of the transmission/reflection light beams of the half-reflection and half-transmission beam splitter is selected according to the ratio of the light source intensity to the fluorescence intensity, and the range is 20: 80-50: 50.
In the identifier, preferably, the photodetector array is a linear array or an area array, and the response spectrum range covers a wavelength range of 300-700 nm.
The above identifier preferably further comprises a housing for accommodating all the optical devices.
The identifier preferably further comprises a cam mechanism capable of deflecting and scanning around the central axis, and is configured to spatially separate the polychromatic excitation light source of the light source diffraction grating into monochromatic lights according to wavelength, so as to select excitation lights with different wavelengths, wherein the cam mechanism comprises a cam and a swing rod, the cam rotates to swing the swing rod, and one end of the swing rod is fixedly connected with the light source diffraction grating.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention can ensure the timeliness of analysis, greatly reduce false positive and false alarm to interferents and meet the requirement of rapid detection in criminal investigation fields.
2. The invention is portable, has high detection speed and high efficiency, and can carry out rapid qualitative analysis on spot spots on site; the equipment has small size and weight less than 8Kg, and the optical fiber probe is flexible and convenient to detect; can eliminate the interference of non-biological spots, reduce the false positive of criminal investigation exploration and has reliable detection.
In conclusion, the invention can be widely applied to rapidly qualitative biological and non-biological speckles in criminal investigation sites.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art planar grating dispersion;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the optical path principle of the identification instrument for detecting biological speckles in criminal investigation fields according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the optical path principle of the identification instrument for detecting biological speckles in criminal investigation fields according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the cam mechanism of the present invention;
the reference symbols in the drawings denote the following:
1. the device comprises an ultraviolet light source, 2, a light source slit, 3, a light source collimator, 4, a light source diffraction grating, 5, a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting beam splitter, 6, a focusing coupling mirror, 7, an emergent slit, 8, a fluorescence diffraction grating, 9, a spectrum focusing imaging mirror, 10, a photoelectric detector array, 11, a detected object, 12, an optical fiber bundle, 13, a probe, a cam, b and a swing rod, S1 and S2 represent incident light, and S3 and S4 represent diffracted light after the light is dispersed and split by the grating.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having" are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order described or illustrated, unless specifically identified as an order of performance. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps may be used.
Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as "first," "second," and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments.
For convenience of description, spatially relative terms, such as "inboard", "outboard", "below", "upper" and the like, may be used herein to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. Such spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures.
Some other terms to be used herein are further explained below in order to provide a clearer understanding of the contents of the present invention.
Gratings are optical devices consisting of a large number of parallel slits of equal width and equal spacing. The common grating is made by etching a large number of parallel notches on a glass sheet, the notches are opaque parts, and the smooth part between the two notches can transmit light, which is equivalent to a slit. As shown in fig. 1, the plane grating dispersion principle follows the grating equation:
d(sin i+sinθ)＝mλ
in the formula, d is a grating constant and represents a distance between two grooves of the grating, S1 and S2 represent incident light, S3 and S4 represent diffracted light after dispersion and splitting of the grating, i and θ represent an incident angle and a diffraction angle, respectively, m is a spectral order, and λ is a light wavelength. The refined grating has thousands or even tens of thousands of nicks engraved within 1cm of width. Such a grating utilizing diffraction of transmitted light is called a transmission grating, and also a grating utilizing diffraction of reflected light between two scores, such as a grating in which a plurality of parallel scores are engraved on a surface coated with a metal layer and a smooth metal surface between two scores can reflect light, is called a reflection grating.
As shown in fig. 2, the identifier for detecting biological speckles in criminal investigation sites provided in this embodiment includes an ultraviolet light source 1, a light source slit 2, a light source collimator 3, a light source diffraction grating 4, a semi-reflective and semi-transparent beam splitter 5, a focusing coupler 6, an exit slit 7, a fluorescence diffraction grating 8, a spectrum focusing imaging mirror 9, and a photodetector array 10; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
an excitation light source emitted by an ultraviolet light source 1 is sent to a light source collimating mirror 3 through a light source slit 2, the light source collimating mirror 3 is used for collimating the excitation light source into a parallel light source and then sending the parallel light source to a light source diffraction grating 4, and the light source diffraction grating 4 is used for spatially separating a multi-color excitation light source into monochromatic light according to the wavelength and can deflect and scan around a central shaft so as to select excitation light with different wavelengths;
the light with different wavelengths is transmitted to the focusing coupling mirror 6 through the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting beam splitter 5, and the focusing coupling mirror 6 is used for converging the exciting light with different wavelengths and enabling the monochromatic light with the selected wavelength to be emitted to a measured target through the exit slit 7;
fluorescence excited by a measured target is collected by the focusing coupling mirror 6 through the exit slit 7, collected fluorescence signals are collimated into parallel light, the parallel light is reflected to the fluorescence diffraction grating 8 through the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting beam splitter 5, the fluorescence diffraction grating 8 is used for separating the polychromatic fluorescence spectrum signals into monochromatic light according to wavelength space, the monochromatic light passes through the spectrum focusing imaging mirror 9, the spectrum focusing imaging mirror 9 is used for focusing and imaging all monochromatic fluorescence components onto an image surface, and due to different fluorescence incidence angles of different wavelengths, the images are formed at different positions of the image surface; the photodetector array 10 is used for collecting fluorescence spectrum signals at different positions, and converting the fluorescence spectrum signals into electric signals, so that the biological speckle detection of the detected target 11 can be completed through analysis by the prior art.
The device comprises an ultraviolet light source 1, a light source slit 2, a light source collimating lens 3, a light source diffraction grating 4, a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting beam splitter 5, a focusing coupling mirror 6 and an emergent slit 7, wherein a scanning excitation light path is formed;
the emergent slit 7, the focusing coupling mirror 6, the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting beam splitter 5, the fluorescence diffraction grating 8, the spectrum focusing imaging mirror 9 and the photoelectric detector array 10 form a spectrum detection light path.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the ultraviolet light source 1 is used as an excitation light source, and the wavelength of the ultraviolet light source covers an ultraviolet band of 250-400 nm, and preferably, the ultraviolet light source may be a xenon lamp or an ultraviolet LED.
In some embodiments of the invention, the light source slit 2 serves as a light source spatial filter and the exit slit 7 serves as a fluorescence spatial filter.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the light source collimator 3 may be a lens system or a reflective system, and the ultraviolet band is preferably a reflective system.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the half-reflecting and half-transmitting beam splitter 5 transmits/reflects light beams according to a certain ratio, the ratio range is selected according to the ratio of the light source intensity to the fluorescence intensity, the range is 20: 80-50: 50.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the focusing coupling mirror 6 may use a lens system or a reflective system, preferably a reflective system.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the spectrally focused imaging mirror 9 may use a lens system or a reflective system.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, in order to meet the requirement of flexible detection in criminal investigation field detection, in this embodiment, an optical fiber probe may be externally connected to the exit slit 7, the optical fiber probe includes an optical fiber bundle 12 and a probe 13, one end of the optical fiber bundle 12 is connected to the exit of the exit slit 7, the other end of the optical fiber bundle 12 is connected to the probe 13, the probe 13 is placed in front of the target 11 to be detected, and the target 11 to be detected may be a spot in criminal investigation field.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the photodetector array 10 may be a linear array or an area array, and the response spectrum range covers the wavelength range of 300-700nm, including CCD, CMOS, photomultiplier array, photodiode array, etc., which is not limited herein.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the light source diffraction grating 4 is used to spatially separate the multi-color excitation light source into monochromatic lights according to wavelength, which can be deflected and scanned around the central axis to select excitation lights with different wavelengths, and this process can be implemented by using a cam mechanism, as shown in fig. 4, a rocker cam is shown, which includes a cam a and a rocker b, where the cam a rotates to make the rocker b swing, when used as a scanning mechanism, one end of the rocker b is fixed with a rotating component of the dispersion system, i.e., the light source diffraction grating 4, and a cam curve is calculated according to a relationship between a rotation angle of the dispersion system and the wavelength. During scanning, the cam a uniformly rotates, the swing rod b drives the dispersion system to rotate, the emergent light beam of the emergent slit 7 linearly changes according to the wavelength, and the calculation formula of the rotation angle and the wavelength is shown as the following formula:
d(sin i+sinθ)＝mλ
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the angle of rotation of the grating is shown, the included angle between the incident light and the diffracted light is shown, and the relationship between the angle of rotation of the grating and the emergent wavelength is an arcsine function.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the optical device further includes a housing, where the housing is used to accommodate the optical device, and the position of the optical device is not limited as long as the optical path propagation requirement required by the present invention is met, and the optical device can be installed and fixed according to actual needs.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope thereof, and although the present application is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: numerous variations, modifications, and equivalents will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the present application and are within the scope of the claims appended hereto.
Claims (9)
1. An identifier for detecting biological speckles in criminal investigation sites is characterized by comprising an excitation light source, a light source diffraction grating, a focusing coupling mirror, a fluorescence diffraction grating, a spectrum focusing imaging mirror and a photoelectric detector array;
excitation light emitted by the excitation light source is emitted to the light source diffraction grating through the light source slit, the light source diffraction grating is used for carrying out spatial separation on the multi-color excitation light source according to the wavelength, light with different wavelengths is emitted to the focusing coupling mirror through the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting beam splitter, and the focusing coupling mirror is used for converging the excitation light with different wavelengths and emitting the converged excitation light to a target to be detected through the exit slit;
fluorescence excited by the detected target is collected by the focusing coupling mirror through the exit slit and is emitted to the fluorescence diffraction grating through the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting beam splitter, the fluorescence diffraction grating is used for separating a polychromatic fluorescence spectrum signal into monochromatic light according to a wavelength space, and the monochromatic fluorescence components are focused and imaged to different positions through the spectrum focusing imaging mirror, and the photoelectric detector array is used for collecting the fluorescence spectrum signals of different positions to complete biological speckle detection of the detected target.
2. The identification instrument according to claim 1, wherein the exit of the exit slit is externally connected with a fiber probe, the fiber probe comprises a fiber bundle and a probe, one end of the fiber bundle is connected with the exit of the exit slit, the other end of the fiber bundle is connected with the probe, and the probe is placed in front of the measured object.
3. The identifier according to claim 1, wherein a light source collimator is disposed between the light source slit and the light source diffraction grating, and the light source collimator is configured to collimate an excitation light source into a parallel light source.
4. The identification instrument according to claim 1, wherein the excitation light source is an ultraviolet light source with a wavelength covering an ultraviolet band of 250-400 nm.
5. The identification instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ultraviolet light source is a xenon lamp or an ultraviolet LED.
6. The identifier according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ratio of the transmission/reflection light beam of the half-reflecting and half-transmitting beam splitter is selected according to the ratio of the light source intensity to the fluorescence intensity, and is in the range of 20: 80-50: 50.
7. The identification instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the photodetector array is a linear array or an area array, and the response spectrum range covers the wavelength range of 300 to 700 nm.
8. The identification instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a housing for accommodating all of the optical components.
9. The identification instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a cam mechanism capable of deflecting and scanning around a central axis, for spatially separating the multi-color excitation light source of the light source diffraction grating into monochromatic lights according to wavelength, so as to select excitation lights with different wavelengths, wherein the cam mechanism comprises a cam and a swing rod, the cam rotates to swing the swing rod, and one end of the swing rod is fixedly connected with the light source diffraction grating.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113720824A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2021-11-30 | 北京理工大学 | Fluorescence detection system and fluorescence spectrum splicing method |
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