CN103583916A - Abalone bait and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Abalone bait and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103583916A CN103583916A CN201310598420.XA CN201310598420A CN103583916A CN 103583916 A CN103583916 A CN 103583916A CN 201310598420 A CN201310598420 A CN 201310598420A CN 103583916 A CN103583916 A CN 103583916A
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- bait
- abalone
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- abalone bait
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of aquiculture, in particular to an abalone bait and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the abalone bait comprises the steps as follows: (1) soaking gracilaria in an alkaline solution, filtering the alkaline solution to obtain the gracilaria, and soaking laminaria japonica in an alkaline solution to obtain a laminaria japonica solution; (2) mixing the gracilaria with the laminaria japonica solution, adding fish meal, grease, minerals and vitamins into the mixture in sequence, stirring at a constant temperature, and pressing to obtain a sheet mixture; (3) treating the sheet mixture with a chitosan solution according to a spray method or an impregnation method; (4) placing the sheet mixture in a concentrate, removing the superfluous concentrate, and washing the sheet mixture to be neutral; (5) drying the sheet mixture to obtain the abalone bait. The abalone bait prepared according to the preparation method is efficient, tawny, rich in nutrition, rich in biological active substances such as various essential amino acids, algin, galactose and chitosan, as well as inorganic substances such as calcium, iron and zinc, good in palatability, convenient for feeding and excellent in quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture field, be specifically related to a kind of abalone bait and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Abalone is the monoshell mollusk in ocean, and its delicious meat is nutritious, is precious seafood delights.Approximately there are 90 kinds of Baos in the whole world, and their footprint spreads all over the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean.Produce in bay, China Bohai Sea is haliotis discus hannai Ino, and individuality is larger; Southeastern coast is produced cries Haliotis diversicolor, and individuality is less; Half line Bao, the sheep Bao that produce in the Xisha Islands are famous edible Baos.Due to natural output seldom, therefore expensive.Nowadays, the country that produces in the world Bao all propagates artificially in development, and China cultivates Haliotis diversicolor seedling at 20 century 70s, propagates artificially and succeeds.Traditionally, abalone breeding mainly adopts the marine algas such as sea-tangle, fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts, Shi Water-shield, sargassum as bait, is subject to the restriction in season of these seaweed growths, and supply and the cost fluctuation of bait are large, has also restricted the sustained and rapid development of this industry simultaneously.Therefore, develop and prepare efficient Articial bait making, must become the key of this industry development.
Chinese invention patent application number is 95110304.0, mixed bait of the short long diseases prevention of a kind of abalone and preparation method thereof is disclosed, bait has animal and plant raw material and several additive, according to raw material screening, be dried, pulverize, sieve, mix, add the operations such as water stirring, moulding, oven dry and process.Solved the development along with abalone culture industry, abalone natural bait can not meet the problem of supply.
Application number is that 200710158205.2 Chinese invention patent discloses compound Chinese herb food calling and immunopotentiator for a kind of haliotis discus hannai Ino, it is characterized in that its each component weight percentage respectively: Radix Codonopsis 10%-30%; Radix Astragali 20%-30%; Dried orange peel 5%-15%; Divine Comedy 5%-15%; Hawthorn 10%-20%; Fructus Hordei Germinatus 5%-15%; Bighead atractylodes rhizome 5%-15%.The effect of this invention is to use in haliotis discus hannai Ino feed as feed addictive with overflowing, and addition is 1%-5%, cheap, raw materials enjoy stable sources; Obviously strengthen the immunity of organisms of haliotis discus hannai Ino, improve survival rate; This invention has good food calling effect, improves efficiency of feed utilization, reduces feed coefficient, alleviates harmful effect water quality being caused because of residual bait, without any harmful effect, obvious to the gaining effect of haliotis discus hannai Ino to the palatability of feed; This invention production technology is simple, easy to use.
Chinese invention patent application number is 201010112350.9, a kind of compound feed for shellfish is disclosed, protein feeds 30%-70%, energy feed 30%-50%, mineral matter 0.1%-9%, vitamin 0.001%-0.01% and composite bacillus preparation 2%-10%, consist of, crude protein content is higher than 15% homogeneous powder.
It is a kind of for processing the pre-mixing agent of shellfish active bait that application number is that the Chinese invention patent of 03116966.X discloses.By protease, the mineral elements such as iron, zinc, manganese, copper, cobalt, selenium, the material that the B family vitamins such as thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, calcium pantothenate, pyridoxamine, cobalamin, biotin, folic acid and anticorrisive agent form, the pre-mixing agent through fully mixing; For fishes and shrimps protein feeds Raw material processing, become shellfish active bait.While being processed into shellfish active bait for plant protein feed sources such as dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal, rapeseed dregs, in above-mentioned pre-mixing agent formula, increase amylase.Premix can become macro-molecular protein, starch degradation micromolecular little peptide, amino acid and oligosaccharides, monose, promote the absorption of filter-feeding shellfish, supplementary minerals and vitamins promotes the utilization ratio of shellfish to nutriment, accelerate the growth of shellfish, can promote the growth of unicellular alga, reduce the pollution level of bait to environment simultaneously.
Wu Yongpei, Chen Changsheng, Cai Huinong etc. have compared nutritional labeling and the amino acid content of the haliotis diversicolor Reeve muscle of artifical compound feed and natural raising, simultaneously, measured the content of trace element in shell, the shell that nursing seaweed fodder is occurred splits mouth and middle damaged abnormal Bao, do trace element analysis, inquired into the reason of growth failure.[Marine Sciences, 2000,2(9): 4-6.]
Zhang Hanhua, Li Min, Zhu Changbo etc. have inquired into the impact on black Bao children Bao survival and growth of stone Water-shield, asparagus, sea-tangle, Gracilaria Tenuistipitata V. Liui, livid grateloupia and artifical compound feed.[Chinese aquatic science, 2007,14(6): 903-910]
Wang Bo, You Weiwei, king's item are willing to etc. to select 4 kinds of tangleweed Gracilaria tenuistipitatas, chrysanthemum fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts, asparagus and sea-tangle, and research is in single bait, mixed feed, the impact on Haliotis diversicolor children Bao Shengchang, survival under 3 kinds of different modes of throwing something and feeding of bait in turn.[Xiamen University's journal (natural science edition), 2010,49(2): 286-292]
At present, abalone bait mainly adopts various fresh and alive algae, powdery algae powder bait, or the sheet bait of algae powder, fish meal and binding agent mixed-forming.There is following problem in these bait: fresh algae mainly exists the low long problem of growth cycle that causes of protein content in the process of feeding; Powdery bait exists easily and runs off, and the problem that utilization rate is low, is mainly used in young abalone culture; Sheet bait is owing to being the mixture of several composition powder, and pellet hardness is high, is difficult for imbibition, and rehydration is poor, causes the edibility of abalone poor; Exist the water dispersible of binding agent strong, poor water resistance, causes easy disintegration to be run off, and finally causes the problem that bait utilization is low simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
For the defect of abalone bait in above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method and abalone bait of efficient abalone bait.
Technical solution of the present invention, for a kind of preparation method of abalone bait is provided, comprises the steps:
(1) aqueous slkali soaking fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts elimination aqueous slkali obtains fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts, and aqueous slkali soaking sea-tangle obtains sea-tangle liquid;
(2) fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts step (1) being made and sea-tangle liquid mix, and successively add fish meal, grease, minerals and vitamins, and constant temperature stirs, and is squeezed into sheet compound;
(3) the sheet compound that chitosan solution is adopted spraying process or infusion process treatment step (2) prepare;
(4) the sheet compound after step (3) processing is placed in to condensed liquid, removes after excessive condensed liquid, be washed to neutrality;
(5) the sheet compound of being prepared by step (4) is dry, gets final product to obtain abalone bait.
Preferably, in the preparation method of above-mentioned abalone bait, the solute mass fraction of the chitosan solution in described step (3) is 1%-5%, and the mass percent that the solute of described chitosan solution accounts for bait is 0.1%-3%.
Preferably, in the preparation method of above-mentioned abalone bait, in described preparation method, the weight part ratio of each component is: fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts 10-70 part; Sea-tangle 10-70 part; Fish meal 1-70 part; Grease 1-10 part; Mineral matter 0.1-10 part, vitamin 0.001-0.01 part.
Preferably, in the preparation method of above-mentioned abalone bait, described grease is one or both the mixture in animal fat and vegetable fat.
Preferably, in the preparation method of above-mentioned abalone bait, described mineral matter comprises the component of following weight portion: iron 2-20 part; Zinc 0.3-5 part; Manganese 0.5-5 part; Copper 0.05-0.5 part; Cobalt 0.001-0.02 part; Selenium 0.003-0.06 part.
Preferably, in the preparation method of above-mentioned abalone bait, described vitamin comprises the component of following weight portion: thiamine 1-25 part; Riboflavin 4-100 part; Nicotinic acid 20-500 part; Pantothenic acid 4-100 part; Pyridoxamine 4-100 part; Cobalamin 0.01-0.25 part; Biotin 0.04-1.0 part; Folic acid 0.5-10 part.
Preferably, in the preparation method of above-mentioned abalone bait, the aqueous slkali in described step (1) is one or more the mixture in NaOH, sodium carbonate, sodium acid carbonate, ammonium hydroxide, carbonic hydroammonium, potassium hydroxide, potash and calcium hydroxide.
Preferably, in the preparation method of above-mentioned abalone bait, the condensed liquid in described step (4) is one or more the mixture in calcium chloride, iron chloride, zinc chloride, alchlor, barium chloride, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and phosphoric acid.
Preferably, in the preparation method of above-mentioned abalone bait, comprise the steps:
(1) 60 kilograms of fragrant plants mentioned in ancient texts are added in 140 liters of 2mol/L sodium hydroxide solutions, at 60 ℃, after heating the standing 10min of constant temperature, elimination aqueous slkali, through being washed to neutrality;
20 kilograms of sea-tangles are added in 40 liters of 0.1mol/L sodium carbonate liquors, pressurized, heated at 90 ℃, constant temperature stirs after 10min, obtains sea-tangle liquid;
(2) fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts upper step (1) being made and sea-tangle liquid mix, successively add 10 kilograms of fish meal, 10 kilograms of animal fats, 0.1 kilogram of mineral substance premix and 0.001 kilogram of vitamin premix, at 100 ℃, constant temperature stirs 10min, is squeezed into sheet compound;
(3) chitosan solution that is 5% by solute mass fraction adopts spraying process treatment step (2) gained sheet compound, and controlling the mass fraction of chitosan solution solute in bait is 1%, and standing 10min;
(4) step (3) gained sheet compound is placed in to the calcium chloride condensed liquid of 0.1mol/L, in 60 ℃ of standing 10min, removes after excessive condensed liquid, be washed to neutrality;
(5) step (4) gained sheet compound is dried to moisture content 5%-18%, gets final product to obtain abalone bait.
Another technical scheme of the present invention is for a kind of abalone bait is provided, the abalone bait that it is prepared for the preparation method of abalone bait described in above-mentioned any one.
The efficient abalone bait that the preparation method of abalone bait of the present invention makes, it is yellowish-brown, nutritious, be rich in the inorganic substances such as the bioactivators such as multiple essential amino acid, algin, galactolipin, shitosan and calcium, iron, zinc, palatability is good, feeding is convenient, excellent quality, and its concrete advantage is as follows:
1,, by adding the sea-tangle of alkali treatment, when it is during in alkali treatment, can make alginate wherein change into water miscible alginate, as sodium alginate, ammonium alginate etc., be conducive to both keep its active component, can play bait binding agent again, improve the formability of bait.
After bait moulding, it,, through acidifying or calcification processing, is generated to water-insoluble alginic acid or calcium alginate, improve its resistance to water, reduce the loss of bait in the process of feeding, and reduce the pollution to body eutrophication, meanwhile, can increase its calcium content, be conducive to promote the growth of Bao shell.
2,, by adding the fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts of alkali treatment, when it is during in alkali treatment, can make galactolipin sulfate conversion wherein become to have 3 of gelation, 6-dehydration-galactolipin.In follow-up bait machine-shaping process, the gelation 3 of generation, 6-dehydration-galactolipin is conducive to improve institutional framework and the rehydration of moulding bait, more easily allows abalone lick and licks and absorb.
3, by add shitosan in bait, can suitably supplement and take in shitosan and calcium, be conducive to promote the synthetic of Bao shell and increase, prevent when summer, water temperature was higher, excessive absorption protein, cause muscle growth too fast, because the Bao shell speed of growth does not catch up with, and the lethal problem of muscle damage occurs.
4, by adding fish meal, can obviously increase the protein content in bait, promote abalone Fast Growth, Shortening culturing period, alleviates external environment and changes the risk causing.
The specific embodiment
By describing technology contents of the present invention, structural feature in detail, being realized object and effect, below in conjunction with embodiment, be explained in detail.
The collection of raw material of the present invention:
The fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts of gathering, sea-tangle are directly used in to preparation, or after dry, dry place saves backup in cool place.
Described mineral matter is the known mineral composition of abalone culture, can be comprised of the raw material of following weight portion: iron 2-20 part, zinc 0.3-5 part, manganese 0.5-5 part, copper 0.05-0.5 part, cobalt 0.001-0.02 part, selenium 0.003-0.06 part.
Described vitamin is the known vitamin ingredients of abalone culture, can be comprised of the raw material of following weight portion: thiamine 1-25 part, riboflavin 4-100 part, nicotinic acid 20-500 part, calcium pantothenate 4-100 part, pyridoxamine 4-100 part, cobalamin 0.01-0.25 part, biotin 0.04-1.0 part and folic acid 0.5-10 part.
Embodiment of the present invention is as follows: a kind of preparation method of efficient abalone bait is provided, and its flow process comprises: fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts alkali treatment, the preparation of sea-tangle liquid, compound preparation, shitosan strengthening, condensation moulding, washing, dry.
Described method specifically comprises the steps:
(1) fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts alkali treatment and the preparation of sea-tangle liquid
A, fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts is added in aqueous slkali, after the lower constant temperature of heating is standing, elimination aqueous slkali, through being washed to neutrality, standby.B, sea-tangle is added in aqueous slkali, after the lower constant temperature of heating stirs, obtain sea-tangle liquid, standby.
(2) compound preparation
Alkali treatment fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts prepared by step (1) and sea-tangle liquid, in stirring lower mixing, successively add fish meal, grease, minerals and vitamins, in the lower constant temperature of heating, stir, and after it is mixed, are squeezed into sheet.
(3) shitosan strengthening
The sheet compound that adopts spraying process or infusion process treatment step (2) to prepare chitosan solution, carries out shitosan strengthening, and standing.
(4) condensation moulding, washing
The sheet compound that step (3) is made is placed in condensed liquid, standing, removes after excessive condensed liquid, is washed to neutrality.
(5) dry
Sheet compound prepared by step (4) is dried to moisture content 5%-18%, can obtain described efficient abalone bait.
Wherein, alkaline concentration in step (1) described in a is 0.1mol/L-2mol/L, and alkali used comprises one or more the mixture in NaOH, sodium carbonate, sodium acid carbonate, ammonium hydroxide, carbonic hydroammonium, potassium hydroxide, potash and calcium hydroxide; The temperature of heating is 20 ℃-120 ℃; Constant temperature time is 10min-180min, and the mass ratio of fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts and aqueous slkali is 1:2-1:50.
Alkaline concentration in step (1) described in b is 0.1mol/L-2mol/L, and alkali used comprises one or more the mixture in NaOH, sodium carbonate, sodium acid carbonate, ammonium hydroxide, carbonic hydroammonium, potassium hydroxide, potash, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate and calcium hydroxide; The temperature of heating is 20 ℃-120 ℃; Constant temperature time is 10min-180min, and the mass ratio of sea-tangle and aqueous slkali is 1:2-1:50.
Step (2) ingredients weight parts ratio is: fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts 10-70 part; Sea-tangle 10-70 part; Fish meal 1-70 part; Grease 1-10 part; Mineral matter 0.1-10 part; Vitamin 0.001-0.01 part; The temperature of heating is 20 ℃-100 ℃; Constant temperature time is 10min-180min.
Wherein, grease used comprises one or more the mixture in animal fat and vegetable fat;
Described mineral matter is known mineral composition, consists of: iron 2-20 part the material of following weight part ratio; Zinc 0.3-5 part; Manganese 0.5-5 part; Copper 0.05-0.5 part; Cobalt 0.001-0.02 part; Selenium 0.003-0.06 part;
Described vitamin is known vitamin ingredients, consists of: thiamine 1-25 part the material of following weight part ratio; Riboflavin 4-100 part; Nicotinic acid 20-500 part; Calcium pantothenate 4-100 part; Pyridoxamine 4-100 part; Cobalamin 0.01-0.25 part; Biotin 0.04-1.0 part and folic acid 0.5-10 part.
The described chitosan solution mass concentration mark of step (3) is 1%-5%, and the mass ratio being controlled in bait is 0.1%-3%, and time of repose is 10min-60min.
The described condensed liquid concentration of step (4) is 0.1mol/L-2mol/L, and condensation agent used comprises one or more the mixture in calcium chloride, iron chloride, zinc chloride, alchlor, barium chloride, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid; Dwell temperature is 10 ℃-60 ℃, and time of repose is 10min-180min.
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of abalone bait is as follows:
1,60 kilograms of fragrant plants mentioned in ancient texts are added in 140 liters of 2mol/L sodium hydroxide solutions, at 20 ℃ heating and the standing 10min of constant temperature after, elimination aqueous slkali, through being washed to neutrality, standby.
2,20 kilograms of sea-tangles are added in 40 liters of 0.1mol/L sodium carbonate liquors, pressurized, heated at 120 ℃, constant temperature stirs after 10min, obtains sea-tangle liquid, standby.
3, the alkali treatment fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts of above-mentioned preparation and sea-tangle liquid are mixed under stirring, successively add 10 kilograms of fish meal, 10 kilograms of animal fats, 0.1 kilogram of mineral substance premix and 0.001 kilogram of vitamin premix, at 100 ℃, heating constant temperature stir 10min, after it is mixed, be squeezed into sheet compound.
4, by solute mass fraction, be that 5% chitosan solution adopts spraying process to process the sheet compound of above-mentioned preparation, controlling its mass ratio in bait is 1%, carries out shitosan strengthening, and standing 10min.
5, the above-mentioned sheet compound of making is placed in to 0.1mol/L calcium chloride condensed liquid, in 60 ℃ of standing 10min, removes after excessive condensed liquid, be washed to neutrality.
6, the sheet compound of above-mentioned preparation is dried to moisture content 5%-18%, can obtains described efficient abalone bait.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method of abalone bait is as follows:
1,19 kilograms of fragrant plants mentioned in ancient texts are added in 40 liters of 0.1mol/L aqua calcises, at 120 ℃ after the standing 180min of pressurized, heated constant temperature, elimination aqueous slkali, through being washed to neutrality, standby.
2,70 kilograms of sea-tangles are added in 140 liters of 2mol/L sodium bicarbonate solutions, pressurized, heated at 20 ℃, constant temperature stirs after 180min, obtains sea-tangle liquid, standby.
3, the alkali treatment fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts of above-mentioned preparation and sea-tangle liquid are mixed under stirring, successively add 1 kilogram of fish meal, 10 kilograms of vegetable fat, 0.1 kilogram of mineral substance premix and 0.001 kilogram of vitamin premix, at 20 ℃, heating constant temperature stir 180min, after it is mixed, be squeezed into sheet compound.
4, by solute mass fraction, be that 1% chitosan solution adopts spraying process to process the sheet compound of above-mentioned preparation, controlling its mass ratio in bait is 5%, carries out shitosan strengthening, and standing 60min.
5, the above-mentioned sheet compound of making is placed in to 2mol/L hydrochloric acid condensed liquid, in 10 ℃ of standing 180min, removes after excessive condensed liquid, be washed to neutrality.
6, the sheet compound of above-mentioned preparation is dried to moisture content 5%-18%, can obtains described efficient abalone bait.
Embodiment 3
The preparation method of abalone bait is as follows:
1,30 kilograms of fragrant plants mentioned in ancient texts are added in 1500 liters of 2mol/L sodium carbonate liquors, at 60 ℃ heating and the standing 100min of constant temperature after, elimination aqueous slkali, through being washed to neutrality, standby.
2,30 kilograms of sea-tangles are added in 1000 liters of 0.1mol/L potassium hydroxide solutions, heating at 90 ℃, constant temperature stirs after 100min, obtains sea-tangle liquid, standby.
3, the alkali treatment fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts of above-mentioned preparation and sea-tangle liquid are mixed under stirring, successively add 25 kilograms of fish meal, 5 kilograms of animal fats, 10 kilograms of mineral substance premixes and 0.01 kilogram of vitamin premix, at 90 ℃, heating constant temperature stir 60min, after it is mixed, be squeezed into sheet compound.
4, by solute mass fraction, be that 2.5% chitosan solution adopts spraying process to process the sheet compound of above-mentioned preparation, controlling its mass ratio in bait is 2%, carries out shitosan strengthening, and standing 10min.
5, the above-mentioned sheet compound of making is placed in to 2mol/L sulfuric acid condensed liquid, in 60 ℃ of standing 60min, removes after excessive condensed liquid, be washed to neutrality.
6, the sheet compound of above-mentioned preparation is dried to moisture content 5%-18%, can obtains described efficient abalone bait.
Embodiment 4
The preparation method of abalone bait is as follows:
1,25 kilograms of fragrant plants mentioned in ancient texts are added in 140 liters of 0.5mol/L Ammonias, at 20 ℃ heating and the standing 180min of constant temperature after, elimination aqueous slkali, through being washed to neutrality, standby.
2,20 kilograms of sea-tangles are added in 100 liters of 1mol/L ammonium bicarbonate solns, heating at 70 ℃, constant temperature stirs after 100min, obtains sea-tangle liquid, standby.
3, the alkali treatment fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts of above-mentioned preparation and sea-tangle liquid are mixed under stirring, successively add 50 kilograms of fish meal, 5 kilograms of animal fats, 0.5 kilogram of mineral substance premix and 0.005 kilogram of vitamin premix, at 70 ℃, heating constant temperature stir 50min, after it is mixed, be squeezed into sheet compound.
4, by solute mass fraction, be that 1% chitosan solution adopts spraying process to process the sheet compound of above-mentioned preparation, controlling its mass ratio in bait is 1%, carries out shitosan strengthening, and standing 60min.
5, the above-mentioned sheet compound of making is placed in to 2mol/L zinc chloride condensed liquid, in 30 ℃ of standing 60min, removes after excessive condensed liquid, be washed to neutrality.
6, the sheet compound of above-mentioned preparation is dried to moisture content 5%-18%, can obtains described efficient abalone bait.
Embodiment 5
The preparation method of abalone bait is as follows:
1,10 kilograms of fragrant plants mentioned in ancient texts are added in 100 liters of 2mol/L NaOH sodium bicarbonate solutions, at 70 ℃ heating and the standing 180min of constant temperature after, elimination aqueous slkali, through being washed to neutrality, standby.
2,15 kilograms of sea-tangles add in 80 liters of 2mol/L sodium carbonate liquors, heating at 80 ℃, and constant temperature stirs after 90min, obtains sea-tangle liquid, standby.
3, the alkali treatment fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts of above-mentioned preparation and sea-tangle liquid are mixed under stirring, successively add 70 kilograms of fish meal, 5 kilograms of vegetable fat, 0.1 kilogram of mineral substance premix and 0.001 kilogram of vitamin premix, at 80 ℃, heating constant temperature stir 50min, after it is mixed, be squeezed into sheet compound.
4, by solute mass fraction, be that 1% chitosan solution adopts spraying process to process the sheet compound of above-mentioned preparation, controlling its mass fraction ratio in bait is 2%, carries out shitosan strengthening, and standing 60min.
5, the above-mentioned sheet compound of making is placed in to 2mol/L iron chloride condensed liquid, in 30 ℃ of standing 30min, removes after excessive condensed liquid, being washed to pH value is 7.0.
6, the sheet compound of above-mentioned preparation is dried to moisture content 10%, can obtains described efficient abalone bait.
Abalone bait preparation method of the present invention compares with conventional method, has the following advantages:
1, the protein composition structure of improving bait, improves bait and works for
A kind of efficient abalone bait provided by the invention, adopt sea-tangle and the fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts of alkali treatment, and fish meal is primary raw material, be conducive to give full play to sea-tangle and fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts as traditional abalone food source, and the advantage of the high quality protein matter of fish meal, improve bait and work for, shorten the production cycle, reduce production costs.
2, improve bait resistance to water, promote Bao shell to increase
A kind of efficient abalone bait prepared by the present invention is by adding the sea-tangle of alkali treatment, when it is during in alkali treatment, can make alginate wherein change into water miscible alginate, as sodium alginate, ammonium alginate etc., be conducive to both keep its active component, can play bait binding agent again, improve the formability of bait.After bait moulding, it,, through acidifying or calcification processing, is generated to water-insoluble alginic acid or calcium alginate, improve its resistance to water, reduce the loss of bait in the process of feeding, and reduce the pollution to body eutrophication, meanwhile, can increase its calcium content, be conducive to promote the growth of Bao shell.
3, improve institutional framework and the rehydration of moulding bait
A kind of efficient abalone bait prepared by the present invention is by adding the fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts of alkali treatment, when it is during in alkali treatment, can make galactolipin sulfate conversion wherein become to have 3 of gelation, 6-dehydration-galactolipin.In follow-up bait machine-shaping process, the gelation 3 of generation, 6-dehydration-galactolipin is conducive to improve institutional framework and the rehydration of moulding bait, more easily allows abalone lick and licks and absorb.Meanwhile, be conducive to improve the protein content of bait, promote absorption and the utilization of abalone, improve feed and work for.
4, suitably take in shitosan, be conducive to promote the growth of Bao shell
Abalone is when summer, water temperature was higher, if excessive absorption protein may cause muscle growth too fast, because the Bao shell speed of growth does not catch up with, the problem that muscle damage is lethal easily occurs.Suitably supplement and take in shitosan and calcium, be conducive to promote the synthetic of Bao shell and increase, address the above problem.
5, increase the protein content in bait, Shortening culturing period
Efficient abalone bait of the present invention is by adding fish meal, can obviously increase the protein content in bait, fish meal protein matter is more easily absorbed by abalone and utilizes simultaneously, promote its Fast Growth, Shortening culturing period, increase economic efficiency and sea area utilization rate, be conducive to alleviate external environment and change the risk causing.
6, alleviate the fluctuation of anniversary fresh food supply
Efficient abalone bait of the present invention, is conducive to alleviate and can not find fresh food winter and feed abalone, and the poky difficulty of the abalone causing.
7, adopt sheet moulding, adapt to abalone eating habit
Efficient abalone bait of the present invention, owing to having adopted sheet moulding, is conducive to adapt to abalone and licks the eating habit of licking, the losing issue producing while simultaneously avoiding throwing something and feeding powdery bait, and the water quality deterioration problem of the eutrophication of bringing thus.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; every equivalent structure or conversion of equivalent flow process that utilizes description of the present invention to do; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a preparation method for abalone bait, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) aqueous slkali soaking fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts elimination aqueous slkali obtains fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts, and aqueous slkali soaking sea-tangle obtains sea-tangle liquid;
(2) fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts step (1) being made and sea-tangle liquid mix, and successively add fish meal, grease, minerals and vitamins, and constant temperature stirs, and is squeezed into sheet compound;
(3) the sheet compound that adopts spraying process or infusion process treatment step (2) to prepare with chitosan solution;
(4) the sheet compound after step (3) processing is placed in to condensed liquid, removes after excessive condensed liquid, be washed to neutrality;
(5) the sheet compound of being prepared by step (4) is dry, gets final product to obtain abalone bait.
2. the preparation method of abalone bait according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the solute mass fraction of the chitosan solution in described step (3) is 1%-5%, and the mass percent that the solute of described chitosan solution accounts for bait is 0.1%-3%.
3. the preparation method of abalone bait according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described preparation method, the weight part ratio of each component is: fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts 10-70 part; Sea-tangle 10-70 part; Fish meal 1-70 part; Grease 1-10 part; Mineral matter 0.1-10 part, vitamin 0.001-0.01 part.
4. the preparation method of abalone bait according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described grease is one or both the mixture in animal fat and vegetable fat.
5. the preparation method of abalone bait according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described mineral matter comprises the component of following weight portion: iron 2-20 part; Zinc 0.3-5 part; Manganese 0.5-5 part; Copper 0.05-0.5 part; Cobalt 0.001-0.02 part; Selenium 0.003-0.06 part.
6. the preparation method of abalone bait according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described vitamin comprises the component of following weight portion: thiamine 1-25 part; Riboflavin 4-100 part; Nicotinic acid 20-500 part; Pantothenic acid 4-100 part; Pyridoxamine 4-100 part; Cobalamin 0.01-0.25 part; Biotin 0.04-1.0 part; Folic acid 0.5-10 part.
7. the preparation method of abalone bait according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the aqueous slkali in described step (1) is one or more the mixture in NaOH, sodium carbonate, sodium acid carbonate, ammonium hydroxide, carbonic hydroammonium, potassium hydroxide, potash and calcium hydroxide.
8. the preparation method of abalone bait according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the condensed liquid in described step (4) is one or more the mixture in calcium chloride, iron chloride, zinc chloride, alchlor, barium chloride, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and phosphoric acid.
9. the preparation method of abalone bait according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) 60 kilograms of fragrant plants mentioned in ancient texts are added in 140 liters of 2mol/L sodium hydroxide solutions, at 60 ℃, after heating the standing 10min of constant temperature, elimination aqueous slkali, through being washed to neutrality;
20 kilograms of sea-tangles are added in 40 liters of 0.1mol/L sodium carbonate liquors, pressurized, heated at 90 ℃, constant temperature stirs after 10min, obtains sea-tangle liquid;
(2) fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts upper step (1) being made and sea-tangle liquid mix, successively add 10 kilograms of fish meal, 10 kilograms of animal fats, 0.1 kilogram of mineral substance premix and 0.001 kilogram of vitamin premix, at 100 ℃, constant temperature stirs 10min, is squeezed into sheet compound;
(3) chitosan solution that is 5% by solute mass fraction adopts spraying process treatment step (2) gained sheet compound, and controlling the mass fraction of chitosan solution solute in bait is 1%, and standing 10min;
(4) step (3) gained sheet compound is placed in to the calcium chloride condensed liquid of 0.1mol/L, in 60 ℃ of standing 10min, removes after excessive condensed liquid, be washed to neutrality;
(5) step (4) gained sheet compound is dried to moisture content 5%-18%, gets final product to obtain abalone bait.
10. an abalone bait, is characterized in that, the abalone bait of preparing for the preparation method of abalone bait described in claim 1-9 any one.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104366111A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-02-25 | 福州市海洋与渔业技术中心 | Flake abalone compound feed and production method thereof |
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| CN104366111A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-02-25 | 福州市海洋与渔业技术中心 | Flake abalone compound feed and production method thereof |
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