CN114601076A - Compound feed for promoting feeding of mandarin fish and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Compound feed for promoting feeding of mandarin fish and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114601076A CN114601076A CN202210159440.6A CN202210159440A CN114601076A CN 114601076 A CN114601076 A CN 114601076A CN 202210159440 A CN202210159440 A CN 202210159440A CN 114601076 A CN114601076 A CN 114601076A
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- mandarin fish
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- feed
- meal
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compound feed for promoting the ingestion of mandarin fish and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases, which comprises the following components: imported fish meal, squid meal, enzymolysis chicken meal, fermented earthworm powder, vital gluten, full-fat puffed soybean meal, a-starch, cuttlefish paste, refined fish oil, linseed oil, common fish peptide, compound premix and compound traditional Chinese medicine additive; the compound Chinese medicinal additive comprises herba Verbenae, fructus Lycii, Alismatis rhizoma, radix Paeoniae Rubra, radix Paeoniae alba, radix aucklandiae, radix Gentianae, and Glycyrrhrizae radix; the compound premix comprises inosinic acid, fennel extract and astragalus polysaccharide. The compound feed is designed and prepared according to the feeding habits of typical carnivorous fishes, which not only meets the nutritional requirements of the mandarin fishes, but also has a strong feeding attraction effect, promotes the feeding of the mandarin fishes, and can effectively prevent and treat mandarin fish virus diseases. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the compound feed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a compound feed for mandarin fish, in particular to a compound feed for promoting the ingestion of mandarin fish and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Siniperca chuatsi fish belonging to the order Perciformes, the family Serratidae and the genus Siniperca is commonly known as mandarin fish, champion flower, crucian carp, mandarin fish, quartet fish and the like, and is a special edible freshwater fish produced in China, and has the body upper part of which is yellowish or olive brown, a plurality of irregular dark brown or black spots and plaques, abdominal grayness, back bulge, larger mouth, lower jaw protrusion, one dorsal fin, small scales, roundness, terrible sex and carnivorous. The mandarin fish has tender meat quality, no thorns, fresh, sweet and delicious taste, and can be cooked with various foods for the first name, so that the mandarin fish is the top-grade and middle-grade foods for the first name, and is listed as one of the rare fishes since ancient times. The mandarin fish is a freshwater fish variety originally produced in China and widely distributed in rivers and lakes of the east plain of China. There are 9 mandarin fishes in China, which are siniperca chuatsi, siniperca scherzeri, siniperca chuatsi, and siniperca chuatsi. The method forms a certain production scale in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Guangdong and other areas. As high-grade fish species, the mandarin fish becomes a necessary high-end commodity in most aquatic product markets all over the country at present and is also one of the necessary high-end commodities of live fish counters in a large supermarket.
With the improvement of social consumption level, the consumption level is increasingly diversified, and the market consumption of the mandarin fish is gradually expanded. The mandarin fish culture and market demand has wide development prospect. According to statistics of 'Chinese fishery statistics New year book 2019', the total yield of the mandarin fish in China in 2018 is 31.59 ten thousand tons. From 2018, as live pig breeding is regulated nationwide on a large scale, numerous small and medium pig farms are closed due to the fact that environmental protection does not reach the standard, and production of siniperca chuatsi is greatly reduced by utilizing leftovers of the pig farms and dace, dace and the like bred in a matching manner with excrement and water, so that mandarin fish breeding is directly influenced, bait fish resources in main mandarin fish producing areas such as Guangdong, Hubei, Jiangsu and the like are in short supply, prices are continuously and rapidly increased, the mandarin fish even faces the situation of grain breaking, and many farmers transfer fresh water fishes of other varieties.
Meanwhile, in recent years, the mandarin fish diseases are more serious, particularly, the virus diseases with high death rate are frequent, the breeding success rate of the farmers is reduced year by year, and the success rate of breeding the mandarin fish every year is only about three.
There are four types of mandarin fish viral diseases currently discovered: namely mandarin fish Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus (ISKNV), mandarin fish iridovirus (MRV), mandarin fish rhabdovirus (SCRV) and Viral Nervous Necrosis Virus (VNNV). Mandarin fish farmers are habitually called the mandarin fish virus disease as iridovirus. In the last 90 th century, mandarin fish only infected with Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus (ISKNV), and as the virus belongs to the genus of enlarged cell virus of iridoviridae, many people are simply called iridovirus disease, which is clinically manifested by dyspnea, gill white, liver white, enlarged spleen necrosis, farmers commonly called 'white liver disease', the morbidity and mortality rate is high, and some farms even all the forces are covered. Moreover, the mandarin fish is easy to be infected by viruses (MRV) of ranavirus of iridoviridae in the last five or six years, the duration of the disease process after infection is as long as 2-4 months, the death peak can be seen in acute infection, the mandarin fish is usually in a slow but continuous death state, the body of the dead fish is slightly thin and has deformity, the mandarin fish seems to die due to energy failure in a dead state, the overall death rate is 20-60% and is not equal, but the duration is long and the feeding capacity is insufficient, so that the integral growth of the mandarin fish is very slow, and the mandarin fish culture causes serious economic loss. How to prevent and treat virus diseases, particularly mandarin frog iridescence disease (MRV), in the feeding process is also a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Therefore, the research and development of the compound feed which is suitable for the feeding of the mandarin fish and promotes the healthy growth of the mandarin fish is the key point of the sustainable and healthy development of the mandarin fish culture industry.
Regarding the biological characteristics of mandarin fish, the mandarin fish is a typical carnivorous fish, and fresh and live baits are liked to eat; the mandarin fish is very greedy, and can swallow fries of other fishes with the length of 70-80% of the mandarin fish at the fry stage; when the length of the mandarin fish fry reaches 1.3 cm, the bait fish can be swallowed from the front. The mandarin fish prefers to be fed by fishes 1/2 and 1/3 which are smaller than the mandarin fish and have spindle or rod-shaped bodies, the bait is not correct or too hard, the mandarin fish fry can refuse to feed, and even if the mandarin fish eat the mandarin fish, the mandarin fish can spit the mandarin fish.
In the existing mandarin fish feed technology, as proposed in chinese published patent CN104026400A, black tea, radix puerariae, and cherry stone are dried and crushed to obtain powder, then mixed with a certain proportion of fresh goat milk and pearl powder, and cooked with a certain amount of water to obtain a mixture; decocting herba Hedyotidis Diffusae, herba Taraxaci, semen Benincasae, stigma croci Sativi, rhizoma Gymnadeniae, and radix Platycodi in water to obtain extractive solution; oven drying Enteromorpha prolifera, grinding, adding Kaoliang spirit for 11 hr, soaking, filtering, adding water, boiling, adding the above mixture, Chinese medicinal extract, chopped exocarpium Citrulli and fructus Pruni Pseudocerasi, mixing, oven drying, and granulating to obtain adjuvant. Mixing Tremella (superfine powder), pedicellus et pericarpium Trapae starch, and radix Puerariae starch at a certain proportion, adding appropriate amount of warm water, concocting into paste, mixing with minced fresh needle mushroom, fresh Pleurotus eryngii, and fresh Capsici fructus, steaming, sprinkling Shaoxing wine into the steamed material at a certain dosage, stirring, granulating, and oven drying to obtain granule A; adding appropriate amount of water into Glycyrrhrizae radix, folium Rhododendri Anthopogonidis and WANGHONGXIANCAO, and decocting with slow fire for 2 hr to obtain Chinese medicinal extractive solution; cooking wheat, drying, grinding the wheat and peanut meal into powder according to a certain proportion, mixing the powder with the traditional Chinese medicine extract, salt, yeast selenium, bone meal and an auxiliary agent uniformly, putting the mixture into a tank, covering the paper mulberry leaves, fermenting for 5 days at normal temperature, drying and granulating to obtain the granular material B. Finally, the particles A and B are mixed to prepare the finished feed. The technical scheme aims to improve the immunologic function and appetite of the mandarin fish, prevent and treat diseases of dyspepsia and diarrhea, but does not aim at viral diseases, has complicated manufacturing process, is only suitable for workshop-type production at present, is difficult to adapt to the requirements of antiviral culture of the mandarin fish and industrial production of feed production, and is more difficult to popularize and apply on a large scale.
Also, as disclosed in chinese patent publication CN110547361A, wheat flour, cod powder, shrimp powder, chicken powder, blood cell protein powder, soybean meal, squid liver paste, soybean phospholipid oil, dicalcium phosphate, choline chloride, compound premix, and bentonite are mixed in a certain proportion, pulverized, conditioned, puffed, granulated, cooled, then sprayed with fish oil and soybean oil in a certain proportion, and cooled to prepare the puffed compound feed for mandarin fish. However, the patent of the invention discloses that the puffed feed aims at juvenile fish with the weight of about 50 g in production application, and domestication of mandarin fish fries (with the weight of less than 50 g) is not covered, so that the problem of domestication of mandarin fish from the fish fries is not solved.
In conclusion, the prior mandarin fish feed formula technology and processing technology do not completely solve the technology required by the manual mandarin fish feed mixing, and a new technology needs to be continuously developed.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a compound feed for promoting the feeding of mandarin fish and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases, which is designed and prepared according to the feeding habits of typical carnivorous fishes of mandarin fish, not only meets the nutritional requirements of mandarin fish, but also has strong feeding attraction effect, promotes the feeding of mandarin fish, and can effectively prevent and treat mandarin fish virus diseases.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the compound feed for promoting the feeding of mandarin fish and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases.
In order to realize the first invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a compound feed for promoting the ingestion of mandarin fish and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases comprises the following components: imported fish meal, squid meal, enzymolysis chicken meal, fermented earthworm powder, gluten meal, full-fat puffed soybean meal, a-starch, cuttlefish paste, refined fish oil, linseed oil, common fish peptide, compound premix and compound traditional Chinese medicine additive;
the compound Chinese medicinal additive comprises herba Verbenae, fructus Lycii, Alismatis rhizoma, radix Paeoniae Rubra, radix Paeoniae alba, radix aucklandiae, radix Gentianae, and Glycyrrhrizae radix;
the compound premix comprises inosinic acid, fennel extract and astragalus polysaccharide.
According to the feeding habits of mandarin fish which is a typical carnivorous fish, imported fish meal, squid meal, enzymatic chicken meal, fermented earthworm powder and the like are used as raw materials of animal sources and are matched with other plant raw materials treated by special processes (such as fermentation) so as to meet the requirements of feeding and nutrition of the mandarin fish and the process requirements and promote normal growth; meanwhile, a fermentation product with a powerful food calling effect, namely plecogenin (the product is functional peptide protein obtained by adding specific strains for targeted fermentation according to a specific proportion by utilizing fish soluble paste, jack fruit and yeast, and is rich in functional peptide, organic acid and beneficial microorganism spore bacteria) is added, so that the plecogenin is used as the functional peptide protein and is also used as a food calling agent, and the food intake of the mandarin fish is effectively promoted; the combination of fermented earthworm powder, cuttlefish paste and inosinic acid is added, and the special stomach-invigorating function and the immunity function of the volatile oil such as anisole, fenchone and the like contained in the natural plant fennel extract are utilized, so that the requirement of mandarin fish taste can be met, the palatability is improved, the intake of mandarin fish is effectively promoted, the feeding failure is avoided, and the health of liver, gallbladder, intestine and kidney metabolism of the mandarin fish is promoted.
Meanwhile, according to the principle of 'monarch, minister, assistant and guide' followed by the use of traditional Chinese medicines in China, the invention selects and uses verbena (the whole herb contains active ingredients such as verbena glycoside, lupeol, beta-sitosterol, ursolic acid, aucubin, arteannuin and the like, has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, inducing diuresis and reducing edema, is used for preventing and treating infectious hepatitis and treating epidemic viruses) as a main medicine, and other Chinese herbal medicines which play a synergistic role: a. radix Gentianae (containing gentiopicrin, gentiin, genticin, and gentiotriose as effective components with gastric secretion promoting, antiinflammatory, and toxic materials clearing away effects); b. radix Paeoniae Rubra (the effective component is benzoic acid, and the in vitro test has strong antibacterial effect on Bacillus dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, and hemolytic streptococcus, and also has antiviral effects of clearing heat, cooling blood, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, etc.); c. radix Paeoniae alba (containing Paeoniflorin, has effects of nourishing blood, relieving spasm and pain, and also has antibacterial effect, especially has antibacterial and antifungal effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella shigella); d. radix aucklandiae (containing volatile oil such as costus lactone, which has been proved to have the effects of resisting bacteria and fungi, dispelling pathogenic wind, promoting circulation of qi to relieve pain, and promoting enterokinesia), and fructus Lycii, Alismatis rhizoma and Glycyrrhrizae radix are added for compatibility. The Chinese medicines are mixed according to a certain proportion, and added into the compound feed for feeding the mandarin fish, so that the virus disease of the mandarin fish can be effectively prevented and treated.
The imported fish meal is anchovy meal and herring meal.
Preferably, the compound feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35-46% of imported fish meal, 3-6% of sleeve-fish meal, 2-8% of enzymolysis chicken meal, 2-8% of gluten meal, 5-15% of alpha-starch, 15-20% of common fish peptide, 2-5% of full-fat puffed soybean meal, 2-6% of fermented earthworm powder, 1-3% of squid extract, 1-4% of refined fish oil, 1-2% of linseed oil, 2-4% of compound premix and 0.1-0.2% of compound traditional Chinese medicine additive.
The compound traditional Chinese medicine additive comprises, by mass, 24% of verbena, 12% of wolfberry fruit, 12% of rhizoma alismatis, 12% of red paeony root, 12% of white paeony root, 10% of costustoot, 10% of gentian and 8% of raw liquorice; the preparation method comprises soaking the Chinese medicinal materials in clear water for 4-6 hr, boiling for 30 min to obtain Chinese medicinal extractive solution, and concentrating.
Further, the compound premix in the compound feed comprises monocalcium phosphate, sodium chloride, green choline, lysine, methionine, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K and vitamin B1Vitamin B2Vitamin B6Vitamin B12Folic acid, calcium pantothenate, biotin, inositol, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc aminovalet (Zn), manganese aminovalet (Mn), inosinic acid, fennel extract, astragalus polysaccharide and taurine.
Furthermore, the compound feed also comprises high gluten flour, cassava starch and pea flour which are used as plant raw materials.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention:
the compound feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35-46% of imported fish meal, 3-6% of squid meal, 2-8% of gluten meal, 5-15% of alpha-starch, 2-8% of enzymolysis chicken meal, 15-20% of plecoglossus peptide, 2-5% of full-fat puffed soybean meal, 1-8% of high-gluten flour, 1-8% of cassava starch, 1-8% of pea meal, 2-6% of fermented earthworm powder, 1-3% of squid paste, 1-4% of refined fish oil, 1-2% of linseed oil, 2-4% of compound premix and 0.1-0.2% of compound traditional Chinese medicine additive.
The compound premix adopted by the invention comprises the following components: 1 to 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.15 to 0.25% of sodium chloride, 0.2 to 0.4% of green choline, 0.15 to 0.3% of lysine, 0.10 to 0.20% of methionine, 0.50 to 1.0mg/kg of vitamin A, 0.002 to 0.004mg/kg of vitamin D, 20.0 to 30.0mg/kg of vitamin E, 10.0 to 15.0mg/kg of vitamin K, and vitamin B11.0-1.5 mg/kg, vitamin B24.0-5.0 mg/kg, vitamin B62.0-4.0 mg/kg, vitamin B120.02-0.03 mg/kg, 1.0-1.8 mg/kg of folic acid, 20.0-35.0 mg/kg of calcium pantothenate, 0.15-0.30 mg/kg of biotin, 400.0-500.0 mg/kg of inositol, 260.0-350.0 mg/kg of copper sulfate, 520.0-600.0 mg/kg of ferrous sulfate, 400.0-500.0 mg/kg of zinc aminovalet, 120.0-150.0 mg/kg of manganese aminovalet, 0.10-0.25% of inosinic acid, 0.05-0.20% of fennel extract, 0.05-0.10% of astragalus polysaccharide and 0.02-0.05% of taurine; the raw materials are premixed before being prepared into the feed, crushed and sieved by a sieve with 80-100 meshes to obtain the compound premix.
In order to realize the second invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a preparation method of a compound feed for promoting the ingestion of mandarin fish and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, mixing the components of the compound premix, and then uniformly mixing other solid raw materials, the compound premix, cuttlefish paste and the compound Chinese herbal medicine additive according to the proportion, wherein the mixing uniformity CV is less than 7 percent, so as to prepare the powdery mandarin fish compound feed; wherein the granularity of the solid raw material is 80-100 meshes;
(2) mixing powdery mandarin fish compound feed and water according to a ratio of 1: 0.3-0.4, adding refined fish oil and linseed oil, preparing into soft granules by a feed granulator, and preparing into fusiform soft granules by compression molding so as to facilitate the feeding of mandarin fish fries with an inducer length of more than 3 cm.
The compound feed can be processed into expanded feed besides being prepared into a soft pellet state, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the powdery mandarin fish compound feed in the step (1) is subjected to steam conditioning, then expanded and granulated, and is pressed into short cylindrical particles; then, drying the expanded feed by a crawler-type drying bed, wherein the water content is controlled to be less than or equal to 12%; the refined fish oil and the linseed oil are uniformly sprayed on the surface of the feed to be fully absorbed. The method can perform steam conditioning and puffing on the feed, reduce anti-nutritional factors of the feed to the maximum extent, meet nutritional requirements of mandarin fish, and promote normal growth.
According to the characteristic that mandarin fish is a typical carnivorous fish, fresh and live small fish is favored to be predated in the natural water body in which the mandarin fish lives, and the ingestion habit is that the mandarin fish swallows bait (containing live fish) in the front, special treatment is carried out on the aspect of the preparation process, the feed is processed into fusiform soft particles or short cylindrical puffed material (softened after entering water), so that the characteristic that the mandarin fish swallows soft bait (feed) in the front is met, the phenomena of spitting and refusing the feed are prevented, and the domestication and the feed saving are facilitated.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the compound feed of the invention preferably selects raw materials of animal sources such as imported fish meal (anchovy meal and herring meal), squid meal, enzymolysis chicken meal and the like, and matches with different plant raw materials to meet the nutritional requirements of the mandarin fish and promote normal growth.
The plecoglossus altivelis added into the compound feed disclosed by the invention, so that the functional peptide protein is supplemented, and the feeding of the mandarin fish is effectively promoted; by further adding fermented earthworm powder, cuttlefish paste, inosinic acid and fennel extract, the taste requirement of the mandarin fish can be met, the palatability is improved, the intake of the mandarin fish is effectively promoted, the domestication failure is avoided, and the health of liver, gallbladder, intestine and kidney metabolism of the mandarin fish can be promoted.
In addition, the compound traditional Chinese medicine additive which is researched according to the principle of 'monarch, minister, assistant and guide' followed by the compatibility of traditional Chinese medicines is added into the compound feed, so that the virus disease of the mandarin fish can be effectively prevented and treated.
2. According to the feeding habit of the mandarin fish, the feed is processed into fusiform soft granules or short cylindrical puffed material so as to meet the characteristic that the mandarin fish swallows soft bait on the front side, prevent the phenomena of spitting and refusing the feed, facilitate feeding domestication and feed saving, prevent the feed from polluting water in the culture process, save the cost and improve the culture benefit.
3. The compound feed can promote the mandarin fish from fish fry (body length about 3cm) to adult fish to ingest by the food calling effect, and the nutrition level also meets the feeding requirement of the mandarin fish from fish fry (body length about 3cm) to adult fish.
Meanwhile, the traditional Chinese medicine additive is added into the compound feed, so that diseases such as virus diseases and the like can be prevented, the survival rate of the mandarin fish is improved, high-quality commodity mandarin fish is produced, and the development of the mandarin fish culture industry towards an environment-friendly, healthy and sustainable direction is promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the PCR results of mandarin fish viruses in the test group of culture test 2;
FIG. 2 shows the PCR results of mandarin fish virus in control group in cultivation test 2.
Detailed Description
The following examples are only for illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to only the following examples. The objectives of the present invention can be achieved by the ordinary skilled person in the art according to the disclosure of the present invention and the ranges of the parameters.
Example 1
The compound feed for promoting the ingestion of mandarin fish and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 22% of anchovy meal, 20% of herring meal, 2% of enzymolyzed chicken meal, 3% of squid meal, 7% of gluten meal, 5% of full-fat puffed soybean meal, 15% of plecoglossus peptide, 15% of alpha-starch, 1% of high gluten flour, 1% of tapioca starch, 1% of pea meal, 2% of fermented earthworm powder, 1% of cuttlefish paste, 3.5% of compound premix, 4% of refined fish oil, 1.3% of linseed oil and 0.2% of compound traditional Chinese medicine additive.
The compound traditional Chinese medicine additive comprises: 24% of verbena, 12% of barbary wolfberry fruit, 12% of oriental waterplantain rhizome, 12% of red paeony root, 12% of white paeony root, 10% of costustoot, 10% of Chinese gentian and 8% of raw liquoric root, soaking the traditional Chinese medicines in clear water for 4-6 hours, boiling for 30 minutes to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution, and then concentrating.
The compound premix consists of the following components: 1.5 percent of monocalcium phosphate, 0.25 percent of sodium chloride, 0.2 percent of green choline, 0.3 percent of lysine, 0.10 percent of methionine, 1.0mg/kg of vitamin A, 0.002mg/kg of vitamin D, 30.0mg/kg of vitamin E, 10.0mg/kg of vitamin K, and vitamin B11.5mg/kg, vitamin B25.0mg/kg, vitamin B64.0mg/kg, vitamin B120.02mg/kg, folic acid 1.8mg/kg, calcium pantothenate 35.0mg/kg, biotin 0.15mg/kg, inositol 400.0mg/kg, copper sulfate 350.0mg/kg, ferrous sulfate 520.0mg/kg, zinc aminovorexate 500.0mg/kg, manganese aminovorexate 150.0mg/kg, inosinic acid 0.10%, fennel extract 0.05%, astragalus polysaccharides 0.10%, taurine 0.05%; the raw materials are premixed before being prepared into the feed, crushed and sieved by a sieve with 80-100 meshes to obtain the compound premix.
The compound feed is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) respectively carrying out superfine grinding on the solid raw materials, and screening the solid raw materials through 80-100-mesh sieve sheets; if the granularity of the solid raw material meets the requirement of 80-100 meshes, crushing is not needed;
(2) mixing the solid raw material, the cuttlefish paste, the prepared compound premix and the compound traditional Chinese medicine additive in proportion, and stirring to obtain the powdery mandarin fish compound feed, wherein the CV of the mixing uniformity is less than 7%;
(3) the powdery compound feed and tap water are mixed according to the ratio of 1: 0.3-0.4, 4% of refined fish oil and 1.3% of linseed oil are added, the mixture is made into soft granules through a feed granulator, and the soft granules are made into spindle-shaped soft granules through compression molding so as to facilitate the ingestion of mandarin fish fries with the length of an inducer being more than 3 cm.
Example 2
The compound feed for promoting the ingestion of mandarin fish and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 21% of anchovy meal, 18% of herring meal, 4% of squid meal, 2% of gluten meal, 8% of enzymolyzed chicken meal, 15% of plecoglossus peptide, 4% of full-fat puffed soybean meal, 5% of high gluten flour, 6% of cassava starch, 2% of pea meal, 6% of fermented earthworm powder, 3% of squid paste, 2% of refined fish oil, 1.9% of linseed oil, 2% of compound premix and 0.1% of compound traditional Chinese medicine additive. Wherein the components and the preparation method of the compound traditional Chinese medicine additive are the same as those of the embodiment 1.
The compound premix consists of the following components: 1% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.15% of sodium chloride, 0.4% of green choline, 0.15% of lysine, 0.20% of methionine, 0.50mg/kg of vitamin A, 0.004mg/kg of vitamin D, 20.0mg/kg of vitamin E, K15.0mg/kg of vitamin, and vitamin B11.0mg/kg, vitamin B24.0mg/kg, vitamin B62.0mg/kg, vitamin B120.03mg/kg, folic acid 1.0mg/kg, calcium pantothenate 20.0mg/kg, biotin 0.30mg/kg, inositol 500.0mg/kg, copper sulfate 260.0mg/kg, ferrous sulfate 600.0mg/kg, zinc aminovorexate 400.0mg/kg, manganese aminovorexate 120.0mg/kg, inosinic acid 0.25%, fructus Foeniculi extract 0.20%, Astragalus polysaccharides 0.05%, and taurine 0.02%; the raw materials are premixed before being prepared into the feed, crushed and sieved by a sieve with 80-100 meshes to obtain the compound premix.
The compound feed is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) respectively carrying out superfine grinding on the solid raw materials, and screening the solid raw materials through 80-100-mesh sieve sheets; if the granularity of the solid raw material meets the requirement of 80-100 meshes, crushing is not needed;
(2) mixing the solid raw material, cuttlefish paste, and pre-prepared compound premix and compound Chinese medicinal additive at a certain proportion, and stirring to obtain a mixture with uniformity CV less than 7%.
(3) And (3) performing steam tempering (96-98 ℃) on the uniformly mixed material in the step (2), and then performing puffing granulation. And pressing to obtain the short cylindrical granules.
(4) The expanded feed is dried by a crawler-type drying bed, and the water content is controlled to be less than or equal to 12 percent.
(5) The refined fish oil and the linseed oil are uniformly sprayed on the surface of the feed according to the proportion so as to be fully absorbed.
Example 3
The compound feed for promoting the ingestion of mandarin fish and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 18% of imported anchovy meal, 17% of imported herring meal, 6% of squid powder, 8% of gluten powder, 2% of enzymolyzed chicken meal, 20% of plecoglossus peptide, 2% of full-fat puffed soybean meal, 3% of high gluten flour, 8% of cassava starch, 4% of pea meal, 1% of alpha-starch, 2% of fermented earthworm powder, 1% of squid paste, 4% of refined fish oil, 1% of linseed oil, 2.8% of compound premix and 0.2% of compound traditional Chinese medicine additive. Wherein, the components and the preparation method of the compound traditional Chinese medicine additive are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the components and the preparation method of the compound premix are the same as those of the embodiment 2.
The preparation method of the feed of this example is the same as that of example 2.
Example 4
The compound feed for promoting the ingestion of mandarin fish and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 25% of imported anchovy meal, 21% of imported herring meal, 3% of squid powder, 3% of gluten powder, 1% of enzymolysis chicken powder, 18% of plecoglossus peptide, 2% of full-fat puffed soybean meal, 2% of high gluten flour, 4% of cassava starch, 8% of pea meal, 2% of alpha-starch, 2% of fermented earthworm powder, 2% of squid paste, 1% of refined fish oil, 2% of linseed oil, 3.8% of compound premix and 0.2% of compound traditional Chinese medicine additive. Wherein, the components and the preparation method of the compound traditional Chinese medicine additive are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the components and the preparation method of the compound premix are the same as those of the embodiment 2.
The preparation method of the feed of this example is the same as that of example 2.
Mandarin fish culture test 1:
a breeding control experiment was conducted using the compound feed of example 1 as a test group and live baits (dace) as a control group.
The test is carried out in a pond net cage circulating water aquaculture system, and 1980 healthy mandarin fish fries (the weight is 1.33 +/-0.15 g, the body length is 4.53 +/-0.51 cm) provided by a test fishery are selected and bred in 6 aquaculture net cages (the effective aquaculture water body is 3.0 m)3) The fish is randomly divided into 2 groups, each group is provided with 3 repeating groups, and each repeating group is 330 fish.
Feeding 4 times (7:00, 11:00, 15:00 and 20:00) every day from the fry to the young fish (the weight is less than or equal to 100 g/tail); the feeding is adjusted to be carried out for 2 times (6:30, 18:30) per day in the period from young fish to adult fish (the weight is more than or equal to 100 g/tail), and the feeding amount is determined according to a feeding method of satiation. The amount of feed, mortality, etc. were recorded daily for each test group, and the cultivation time was 28 weeks (196 days).
In the whole culture process, the water temperature of the pond water is 27.05-30.05 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is 5.40-7.70 mg/L, the pH is 6.8-8.5, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than or equal to 0.2mg/L, and the nitrite nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.01 mg/L.
Stopping feeding for 8h before sampling, fishing out all the test fishes in the culture net cage, counting the mantissas, and measuring the growth performance indexes such as body mass, body length and the like. The test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Mandarin fish culture test 1 statistics of growth
The results in table 1 show that, at the end of the test, the survival rate of the mandarin fish in the test group (78.6%) is higher than that of the mandarin fish in the control group (74.1%), the survival rate of the mandarin fish in the test group is higher than that of the mandarin fish in the control group, the weight increasing effect test group (519.63 g/tail) is also higher than that of the control group (496.15 g/tail), and the feed coefficient test group (1.49) is better than that of the control group (6.54), which indicates that the effect of the feed has great development potential compared with the effect of the live fish.
Mandarin fish culture experiment 2
The comparative experiment of breeding was carried out using the compound feed of example 2 as a test group and live bait (dace) as a control group.
The test is carried out in a pond cage recirculating aquaculture system, 9000 healthy mandarin fish fries (weight 1.43 +/-0.14) with uniform size provided by a test fishery are selected and cultured in 2 ponds (divided into 2 groups), each pond is provided with 3 cages, and 6 culture cages (effective culture water body 3.0 m)3) Each group was set with 3 replicate groups of 1500 fish.
Feeding for 4 times per day (7:00, 11:00, 15:00, 20:00), and the feeding amount is determined according to the feeding method of satiety. The amount of feed, mortality, etc. were recorded daily for each test group, and the cultivation time was 35 days (5 weeks).
In the whole culture process, the water temperature of the culture water body is 25.55-32.05 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is 5.85-7.78 mg/L, the pH is 6.9-8.7, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than or equal to 0.25mg/L, and the nitrite nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.01 mg/L.
Stopping feeding for 8h before sampling, fishing out all the test fishes in the culture net cage, counting the mantissas, and measuring the growth performance indexes such as body mass, body length and the like. The test results are shown in Table 2.
During sampling, mandarin frog iridovirus, rhabdovirus and nervous necrosis virus in fish bodies are simultaneously detected, and the results are shown in table 3, figure 1 and figure 2.
TABLE 2 Mandarin fish cultivation test 2 growth statistics
TABLE 3 Mandarin fish Virus detection results
As can be seen from table 2, at the end of the test, the survival rate (92.3%) of the mandarin fish in the test group is significantly higher than that of the control group (73.5%), the weight gain effect test group (88.42 g/tail) is equivalent to that of the control group (91.82 g/tail), the feed coefficient test group (1.13) is superior to that of the control group (5.75), and particularly, the mandarin fish virus detection results in table 3 and fig. 1-2 show that the mandarin fish in the test group is not infected with mandarin frog iridovirus (MRV), rhabdovirus and nervous necrosis virus, while the mandarin fish in the control group is infected with mandarin frog iridovirus (MRV), which directly indicates that the effect of the feed on the prevention and treatment of mandarin fish virosis is superior to that of live baits.
Mandarin fish culture experiment 3
A breeding control experiment was conducted by using the compound feed of example 3 as a test group and live baits (dace) as a control group.
The test is carried out in a pond cage recirculating aquaculture system, 1320 healthy mandarin fish fries (weight 22.23 +/-1.25 g) with uniform size provided by a test fishery are selected and cultured in 6 culture cages (effective culture water body is 3.0 m)3) Randomly divided into 2 groups, each group is provided with 3 repeats, and each repeat group has 220 fish tails.
Feeding management: feeding 4 times (7:00, 11:00, 15:00, 20:00) per day of the mandarin fish during the period from the beginning of the test to the growth of 200 g/tail; after the growth of the mandarin fish reaches the specification of 200 g/tail, feeding the mandarin fish for 2 times (6: 00-7:00 in the morning and 18:00-19:00 in the evening) every day, wherein the feeding amount is determined according to a satiation feeding method. The amount of bait, mortality, etc. were recorded daily for each test group, and the cultivation time was 173 days.
In the whole culture process, the water temperature is 26.05-31.05 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is 5.80-7.70 mg/L, the pH is 6.9-8.6, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than or equal to 0.25mg/L, and the nitrite nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.01 mg/L.
Stopping feeding for 8h before sampling, fishing out all the test fishes in the culture net cage, and counting and measuring growth performance indexes such as body mass, body length and the like. The test results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Mandarin fish cultivation experiment 3 growth situation statistics
| Grouping | Initial body weight (g) of mandarin fish | Survival rate (%) | Final body weight (g) of mandarin fish | Coefficient of feed |
| Test group | 22.23±1.25 | 79.3 | 430.42±1.51a | 1.23±0.41a |
| Control group | 22.23±1.25 | 65.5 | 445.82±1.62a | 6.65±1.11b |
As can be seen from Table 4, at the end of the test, the survival rate (79.3%) of the mandarin fish in the test group is obviously higher than that in the control group (65.5%), the weight gain effect test group (430.42 g/tail) is equivalent to that in the control group (445.82 g/tail), and the feed coefficient test group (1.23) is better than that in the control group (6.65), which indicates that the long-term feed feeding is better than the live feeding.
Mandarin fish culture test 4
The compound feed of example 4 was used as a test group, 0.2% of cellulose was used in place of 0.2% of the compound herbal additive in the compound feed of example 4, and the prepared mandarin fish feed was used as a control group to perform a comparative cultivation test.
The results of the tests on the 2 feeds are shown in Table 5
Table 5. unit of detection result of nutrient content of feed: g/kg
| Nutritional index | Crude protein | Coarse fiber | Crude fat | Coarse ash content | Moisture content | Total phosphorus | Lysine | Remarks for note |
| Test group feed | 482.5 | 27.5 | 96.8 | 153.2 | 87.5 | 14.3 | 29.5 | Adding Chinese medicinal materials |
| Control group feed | 485.1 | 29.3 | 97.3 | 158.4 | 89.1 | 14.8 | 28.9 | Without adding Chinese medicinal materials |
As can be seen from the results in Table 5, the nutrient levels of the 2 feeds were comparable.
The test is respectively carried out in independent pond net cage circulating water aquaculture systems, 4200 healthy mandarin fish fries (weight 1.86 +/-0.15) with uniform size provided by a test fishery are selected and bred in 2 ponds (divided into 2 groups), each pond is provided with 3 net cages, and 6 breeding net cages (effective breeding water body 3.0 m)3) Each group was set with 3 replicate groups of 700 fish tails per replicate group.
Feeding for 4 times per day (7:00, 11:00, 15:00, 20:00), and the feeding amount is determined according to the feeding method of satiety. The amount of feed, mortality, etc. were recorded daily for each test group, and the cultivation time was 35 days (5 weeks).
In the whole culture process, the water temperature of the culture water body is 24.85-31.55 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is 5.95-7.68 mg/L, the pH is 7.1-8.9, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than or equal to 0.20mg/L, and the nitrite nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.01 mg/L.
Stopping feeding for 8h before sampling, fishing out all the test fishes in the culture net cage, counting the mantissas, and measuring the growth performance indexes such as body mass, body length and the like. The test results are shown in Table 2.
During sampling, mandarin frog iridovirus, rhabdovirus and nervous necrosis virus in fish body are detected simultaneously, and the results are shown in tables 6 and 7.
TABLE 6 Mandarin fish culture test 4 statistics of growth
| Grouping | Initial body weight (g) of mandarin fish | Survival rate (%) | Final body weight (g) of mandarin fish | Coefficient of feed |
| Test group | 1.86±0.15 | 94.3 | 98.53±1.81a | 1.03±0.31a |
| Control group | 1.86±0.15 | 68.5 | 78.82±1.52a | 1.75±0.42b |
TABLE 7 Mandarin fish culture test 4 Mandarin fish virus detection results
As can be seen from the results in tables 6 and 7, the test group added with 0.2% of the traditional Chinese medicines has a survival rate (94.3%) significantly higher than that of the control group (68.5%), a weight gain effect test group (98.53 g/tail) is superior to that of the control group (78.82 g/tail), and a feed coefficient test group (1.03) is superior to that of the control group (1.75), and more importantly, the mandarin fish virus detection result shows that the mandarin fish in the test group is not infected with mandarin fish iridovirus, rhabdovirus and nervous necrosis virus, while the mandarin fish in the control group is infected with 3 viruses (since the culture water is an open water body, the viruses are easy to propagate), which directly indicates that the compound additives added in the feed, such as verbena officinalis, wolfberry fruit, rhizoma alismatis, red peony root, radix paeoniae alba, radix aucklandiae, gentian scabra bungeana, raw liquorice, and the like, have the effect of preventing mandarin fish virus diseases.
Mandarin fish culture test 5
The compound feed of example 3 was used as a test group, and a mandarin fish feed of a certain brand purchased in the market was used as a control group to perform a breeding contrast test.
The results of the tests on the 2 feeds are shown in Table 8
Table 8 test unit for feed: g/kg
| Nutritional index | Crude protein | Coarse fiber | Crude fat | Coarse ash content | Moisture content | Total phosphorus | Lysine | Remarks for note |
| Test group feed | 485.5 | 28.5 | 97.8 | 152.2 | 83.5 | 15.3 | 28.5 | Example 3 |
| Control group feed | 488.6 | 29.8 | 96.3 | 156.4 | 86.1 | 14.9 | 26.9 | Commercial feed |
As can be seen from the results of the tests shown in Table 8, the nutrition levels of the feeds of the test group and the control group were kept equal.
The test is respectively carried out in independent pond net cage recirculating aquaculture systems, 6000 healthy mandarin fish fries (weight 1.65 +/-0.13) with uniform size provided by a test fishery are selected and bred in 2 ponds (divided into 2 groups), each pond is provided with 3 net cages, and 6 aquaculture net cages (effective aquaculture water body 3.0 m)3) Each group was set with 3 replicate groups of 1000 fish per replicate group.
Feeding for 4 times per day (7:00, 11:00, 15:00, 20:00), and the feeding amount is determined according to the feeding method of satiety. The amount of feed, mortality, etc. were recorded daily for each test group, and the cultivation time was 35 days (5 weeks).
In the whole culture process, the water temperature of the culture water body is 25.65-31.85 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is 5.85-7.69 mg/L, the pH is 7.0-8.8, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than or equal to 0.20mg/L, and the nitrite nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.01 mg/L.
Stopping feeding for 8h before sampling, fishing out all the test fishes in the culture net cage, counting the mantissas, and measuring the growth performance indexes such as body mass, body length and the like. The test results are shown in Table 9.
TABLE 9 Mandarin fish culture test 5 statistics of growth
| Grouping | Initial body weight (g) of mandarin fish | Survival rate (%) | Final body weight (g) of mandarin fish | Coefficient of feed |
| Test group | 1.65±0.13 | 95.6 | 101.43±1.41a | 1.08±0.31a |
| Control group | 1.65±0.13 | 78.5 | 81.62±1.62a | 1.85±0.32b |
The results show that the test group added with 0.2 percent of the traditional Chinese medicine has the advantages that the survival rate (95.6 percent) of the mandarin fish is obviously higher than that of a control group (78.5 percent) fed with commercial feed at the end of the test, the weight gain effect test group (101.43 g/tail) is also better than that of the control group (81.62 g/tail), the feed coefficient test group (1.08) is also better than that of the control group (1.85), the comprehensive feeding effect is realized, and the test group is better than that of the control group, so that the compound traditional Chinese medicine added in the test group plays a good disease-resistant role and promotes the digestion of the mandarin fish, and the aims of saving the feed and promoting the healthy growth are achieved by combining the food calling effect of the compound feed.
In summary, it can be seen from the results of the mandarin fish cultivation tests 1-5 that the compound feed of the present invention utilizes the common fish peptide, a fermentation product rich in small peptides, in addition, the fermented earthworm powder, the squid extract and the inosinic acid in cooperation, and utilizes the special stomach-invigorating effect and the immunity of the volatile oil, such as anisole, fenchone and the like, contained in the natural plant fennel extract, so that the taste requirement of the mandarin fish can be satisfied, the palatability can be improved, the intake of the mandarin fish can be effectively promoted, the domestication failure can be avoided, the liver, gall, intestine and kidney metabolism can be promoted, the survival rate of the mandarin fish in the test group fed with the compound feed of the present invention is superior to that of the mandarin fish in the control group (live mandarin fish or commercial feed), the weight gain rate of the mandarin fish in the test group is superior to or equivalent to that of the mandarin fish in the control group, and the feed coefficient of the test group is significantly lower than that of the mandarin fish in the control group, the compound additives such as traditional Chinese medicines and the like added in the feed can play a role in preventing the mandarin fish virus diseases, and have remarkable economic benefit and ecological benefit for protecting the environment.
The invention provides a compound feed for inducing mandarin fish to ingest and preventing and treating mandarin fish virosis and a preparation method thereof, the mandarin fish is cultivated by using the compound feed produced and prepared by the invention, the purpose of replacing live baits from a fry stage (the fish body is about 3cm in length) to an adult fish by using the compound feed can be achieved, the domestication and the feed saving are facilitated, the pollution of the feed to a water body in the cultivation process is prevented, the cost is saved, the cultivation benefit is improved, the diseases transmitted by the traditional mandarin fish cultivation live baits (dace and dace) can also be cut off, the used traditional Chinese medicines play a role in preventing the mandarin fish virosis, the success of the mandarin fish cultivation from the live fish feeding to the artificial feed is really realized, and the healthy development of the mandarin fish cultivation industry is facilitated.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The above-described embodiments of the present invention are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. Therefore, any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications to the above embodiments according to the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The compound feed for promoting the ingestion of mandarin fish and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases is characterized by comprising the following components: imported fish meal, squid meal, enzymolysis chicken meal, fermented earthworm powder, vital gluten, full-fat puffed soybean meal, a-starch, cuttlefish paste, refined fish oil, linseed oil, common fish peptide, compound premix and compound traditional Chinese medicine additive;
the compound Chinese medicinal additive comprises herba Verbenae, fructus Lycii, Alismatis rhizoma, radix Paeoniae Rubra, radix Paeoniae alba, radix aucklandiae, radix Gentianae, and Glycyrrhrizae radix;
the compound premix comprises inosinic acid, fennel extract and astragalus polysaccharide.
2. The compound feed for promoting mandarin fish ingestion and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases according to claim 1, wherein the imported fish meal is anchovy meal and herring meal.
3. The compound feed for promoting feeding of mandarin fish and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases as claimed in claim 2, wherein the feed comprises the following components by mass percent: 35-46% of imported fish meal, 3-6% of sleeve-fish powder, 2-8% of enzymolysis chicken powder, 2-8% of gluten powder, 5-15% of a-starch, 15-20% of common fish peptide, 2-5% of full-fat puffed soybean powder, 2-6% of fermented earthworm powder, 1-3% of cuttlefish paste, 1-4% of refined fish oil, 1-2% of linseed oil, 2-4% of compound premix and 0.1-0.2% of compound traditional Chinese medicine additive.
4. The compound feed for promoting feeding of mandarin fish and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the compound Chinese medicinal additive comprises, by mass, 24% of verbena, 12% of wolfberry fruit, 12% of rhizoma alismatis, 12% of radix paeoniae rubra, 12% of radix paeoniae alba, 10% of radix aucklandiae, 10% of radix gentianae and 8% of raw licorice.
5. The compound feed for promoting ingestion of mandarin fish and preventing and treating viral diseases of mandarin fish as claimed in claim 4, wherein the compound premix comprises monocalcium phosphate, sodium chloride, green choline, lysine, methionine, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, and vitamin B1Vitamin B2Vitamin B6Vitamin B12Folic acid, calcium pantothenate, biotin, inositol, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc aminovalenol, manganese aminovalenol, inosinic acid, fennel extract, astragalus polysaccharide and taurine.
6. The compound feed for promoting feeding of mandarin fish and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases as claimed in claim 5, further comprising high gluten flour, tapioca flour and pea flour.
7. The compound feed for promoting feeding of mandarin fish and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases as claimed in claim 6, comprises the following components by mass percent: 35-46% of imported fish meal, 3-6% of squid meal, 2-8% of gluten meal, 5-15% of alpha-starch, 2-8% of enzymolysis chicken meal, 15-20% of plecoglossus peptide, 2-5% of full-fat puffed soybean meal, 1-8% of high-gluten flour, 1-8% of cassava starch, 1-8% of pea meal, 2-6% of fermented earthworm powder, 1-3% of squid paste, 1-4% of refined fish oil, 1-2% of linseed oil, 2-4% of compound premix and 0.1-0.2% of compound traditional Chinese medicine additive.
8. The compound feed for promoting feeding of mandarin fish and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases as claimed in claim 7, wherein the compound premix comprises the following components: 1 to 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.15 to 0.25% of sodium chloride, 0.2 to 0.4% of green choline, 0.15 to 0.3% of lysine, 0.10 to 0.20% of methionine, 0.50 to 1.0mg/kg of vitamin A, 0.002 to 0.004mg/kg of vitamin D, and 20.0 to 3% of vitamin E0.0mg/kg, vitamin K10.0-15.0 mg/kg, vitamin B11.0-1.5 mg/kg, vitamin B24.0-5.0 mg/kg, vitamin B62.0-4.0 mg/kg, vitamin B120.02-0.03 mg/kg, 1.0-1.8 mg/kg of folic acid, 20.0-35.0 mg/kg of calcium pantothenate, 0.15-0.30 mg/kg of biotin, 400.0-500.0 mg/kg of inositol, 260.0-350.0 mg/kg of copper sulfate, 520.0-600.0 mg/kg of ferrous sulfate, 400.0-500.0 mg/kg of zinc aminovalet, 120.0-150.0 mg/kg of manganese aminovalet, 0.10-0.25% of inosinic acid, 0.05-0.20% of fennel extract, 0.05-0.10% of astragalus polysaccharide and 0.02-0.05% of taurine.
9. The preparation method of the compound feed for promoting the feeding of mandarin fish and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, which comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, mixing the components of the compound premix, and then uniformly mixing other solid raw materials, the compound premix, cuttlefish paste and the compound Chinese herbal medicine additive according to the proportion, wherein the mixing uniformity CV is less than 7 percent, so as to prepare the powdery mandarin fish compound feed; wherein the granularity of the solid raw material is 80-100 meshes;
(2) mixing the powdery mandarin fish compound feed and water according to a ratio of 1: 0.3-0.4, adding refined fish oil and linseed oil, preparing into soft granules through a feed granulator, and preparing into fusiform soft granules through compression molding.
10. The preparation method of the compound feed for promoting the feeding of mandarin fish and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) firstly, mixing the components of the compound premix, and then uniformly mixing other solid raw materials, the compound premix, cuttlefish paste and the compound Chinese herbal medicine additive according to the proportion, wherein the mixing uniformity CV is less than 7 percent, so as to prepare the powdery mandarin fish compound feed; wherein the particle size of the solid raw material is 80-100 meshes;
(2) the powdery mandarin fish compound feed in the step (1) is subjected to steam conditioning, then expanded and granulated, and is pressed into short cylindrical particles; then, drying the expanded feed by a crawler-type drying bed, wherein the water content is controlled to be less than or equal to 12%; spraying refined fish oil and oleum Lini on the surface of the feed.
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