CN110547361A - Puffed compound feed suitable for feeding and nutrition of mandarin fish and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Puffed compound feed suitable for feeding and nutrition of mandarin fish and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a puffed compound feed suitable for mandarin fish ingestion and nutrition and a preparation method thereof, wherein the feed comprises the following components, by mass, 10 ~ 12% of wheat flour, 50 ~ 55% of cod powder, 3 ~ 5% of shrimp powder, 3 ~ 8% of chicken powder, 1 ~ 3% of blood cell protein powder, 5 ~ 10% of soybean meal, 2 ~ 3% of squid paste, 1 ~ 2% of fish oil, 2 ~ 3% of soybean oil, 0.5 ~ 1.5.5% of soybean phospholipid oil, 1 ~ 2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2 ~ 0.5.5% of choline chloride (50%), 1 ~ 2% of compound premix and 1 ~ 3% of bentonite.
Description
Technical Field
the invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, relates to a mandarin fish complete formula feed technology, and particularly relates to a puffed formula feed suitable for feeding and nutrition of mandarin fish and a preparation method thereof.
Background
the mandarin fish is commonly called as mandarin fish and mandarin fish, has tender meat and is easy to digest, and is a famous and precious freshwater fish in China since ancient times. Since the artificial breeding of the mandarin fish in 1974, the culture scale of the mandarin fish is rapidly expanded, the yield of the mandarin fish in 2016 nationwide exceeds 30 ten thousand tons, the culture provinces relate to 23 provinces, 7 of the provinces exceed ten thousand tons, and the Guangdong province exceeds 9 ten thousand tons. Mandarin fish culture has been developed into one of the important pillar industries of freshwater culture, and has great economic benefit and growth potential.
the mandarin fish is fed with live baits in a natural state, and most mandarin fish cultivation is mainly carried out by feeding the live baits at the present stage, which brings inconvenience to production management, increases cultivation cost and simultaneously causes waste of land resources and water resources. In recent years, the mandarin fish domestication technology is broken through, the technical problem that the mandarin fish eats the feed is basically solved, and a series of problems caused by the fact that the conventional feed cannot meet the nutritional requirement and the feeding habit of the mandarin fish, such as low domestication rate, irregular specification, mutual cannibalism, liver lesion and the like, still exist. The invention aims to develop a puffed compound feed with comprehensive nutrition suitable for feeding mandarin fish.
Disclosure of Invention
A mandarin fish puffed compound feed suitable for mandarin fish ingestion and nutrition comprises, by mass, 10 ~ 12% of wheat flour, 50 ~ 55% of cod fish powder, 3 ~ 5% of shrimp powder, 3 ~ 8% of chicken powder, 1 ~ 3% of blood cell protein powder, 5 ~ 10% of soybean meal, 2 ~ 3% of squid extract, 1 ~ 2% of fish oil, 2 ~ 3% of soybean oil, 0.5 ~ 1.5.5% of soybean phospholipid oil, 1 ~ 2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2 ~ 0.5.5% of choline chloride (50%), 1 ~ 2% of compound premix, 1 ~ 3% of bentonite, and all the percentages are mass percentages.
The invention relates to a method for preparing mandarin fish puffed compound feed suitable for mandarin fish ingestion and nutrition, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Coarsely crushing raw materials such as peeled soybean meal, and the like, wherein the crushed raw materials can pass through a sieve sheet with the aperture of 1.0 mm; mixing all the solid material components and the phospholipid oil according to the proportion in a mixer, wherein the mixing uniformity CV is less than 7 percent;
(2) The uniformly mixed materials are subjected to thermal refining (90 ~ 95 ℃) and then are subjected to puffing granulation, the puffing degree of the granules is 1.4 ~ 1.5.5 by adjusting the process parameters such as opening area, steam pressure, water addition amount and the like, and the length-diameter ratio of the feed granules is controlled within the range of 4: 1 ~ 5: 1 by adjusting the rotating speed of a cutter (6 ~ 10 r/min);
(3) Drying the expanded feed pellets in an oven until the water content is below 12 percent;
(4) Uniformly spraying the refined seawater fish oil and the soybean oil which are premixed according to the proportion of claim 1 on the surface of the feed (roller spraying) so as to be fully absorbed;
(5) Cooling the expanded feed to room temperature, and packaging.
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the formula design of the invention conforms to the feeding property of carnivorous fishes of mandarin fishes, and raw materials from marine animals such as fish meal, shrimp meal and the like are preferably selected, so that the use of plant meals is reduced to the maximum extent, the anti-nutritional factors of the feed are reduced, and the palatability and the utilization rate of the feed are improved;
(2) the formula design of the invention conforms to the nutritional requirements of the mandarin fish, and the liver and intestine protection factors are added, so that the nutrition is comprehensive and the health of the digestion system of the mandarin fish can be promoted;
(3) The preparation method of the feed ensures that the feed conforms to the ingestion habit of the mandarin fish of large-caliber fiercely predatory fishes, the feed particles have the physical characteristics of floating and slowly suspending and sinking in water, irregular movement can be formed on the water surface and in the water under the impact of water flow and oxygen-enriched air flow in the mandarin fish ingestion area, and the ingestion of the mandarin fish is stimulated;
(4) The method is suitable for young mandarin fish and adult mandarin fish, the growth performance and fish health can reach the level of feeding live fish and ice fresh fish, and the environmental cost and labor cost are greatly reduced.
Description of the drawings:
Figure 1 appearance of expanded feed with different grain sizes
FIG. 2 fish anatomy of mandarin fish cultured with feed
the specific implementation mode is as follows:
Example 1
10 ~ 12% of wheat flour, 50 ~ 55% of cod powder, 3 ~ 5% of shrimp meal, 3 ~ 8% of chicken meal, 1 ~ 3% of blood cell protein powder, 5 ~ 10% of soybean meal, 2 ~ 3% of squid cream, 1 ~ 2% of fish oil, 2 ~ 3% of soybean oil, 0.5 ~ 1.5.5% of soybean lecithin oil, 1 ~ 2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2 ~ 0.5.5% of choline chloride (50%), 1 ~ 2% of compound premix and 1 ~ 3% of bentonite, wherein a chilled group and a live fish group are taken as comparative examples.
The preparation of each group of feed is completed according to the following steps:
(1) Coarsely crushing raw materials such as peeled soybean meal, and the like, wherein the crushed raw materials can pass through a sieve sheet with the aperture of 1.0 mm; mixing all the solid material components and the phospholipid oil according to the proportion in a mixer, wherein the mixing uniformity CV is less than 7 percent;
(2) the uniformly mixed materials are subjected to thermal refining (90 ~ 95 ℃) and then are subjected to puffing granulation, the puffing degree of the granules is 1.4 ~ 1.5.5 by adjusting the process parameters such as opening area, steam pressure, water addition amount and the like, and the length-diameter ratio of the feed granules is controlled within the range of 4: 1 ~ 5: 1 by adjusting the rotating speed of a cutter (6 ~ 10 r/min);
(3) drying the expanded feed pellets in an oven until the water content is below 12 percent;
(4) uniformly spraying the refined seawater fish oil and the soybean oil which are premixed according to the proportion of claim 1 on the surface of the feed (roller spraying) so as to be fully absorbed;
(5) cooling the expanded feed to room temperature, and packaging.
mandarin fish culture experiment:
selecting mandarin fish with uniform size of about 50g, randomly dividing into 3 treatments, setting 3 repeats in each group, setting 50 tails for each repeat, 46.91 +/-0.17 g initial weight, feeding for 3 times (8: 00, 12:00 and 17: 00) every day in a culture period of 6 weeks, adopting an automatic bait feeder to feed, wherein the daily feeding rate is 5 percent, and carrying out recirculating aquaculture, wherein the water quality conditions during the aquaculture are that the water temperature is about 28 ℃, DO is greater than 5.0 mg/L, the pH is 6.8-8.0, NH 4+ -N is less than 0.1 mg/L and NO 2 -N is less than 0.01 mg/L, weighing each barrel of mandarin fish and recording the tail number after the aquaculture test is finished, and calculating the survival rate and the growth performance, wherein the data are shown in Table 1.
Analyzing the survival rate and the growth performance of the mandarin fish:
From table 1, it can be seen that the survival rate of the mandarin fish fed with the feed group is close to that of the live bait group, better than that of the iced group, the specific growth rate is close to that of the iced group, better than that of the live bait group, the feed coefficient is 3 groups, and is significantly lower than that of the other two groups. In conclusion, the feed has the advantages of high survival rate, high specific growth rate and low feed coefficient in mandarin fish culture, has obvious economic benefit compared with the traditional feed and ice fresh culture mode, and is beneficial to reducing environmental pollution.
Analyzing the health condition of the mandarin fish:
from fig. 2, it can be seen that the body type and internal organs of the mandarin fish are normal and good, indicating that the health condition of the intestinal tract of the mandarin fish in the feed group is good.
TABLE 1 survival rate and growth performance of mandarin fish in each group of feed, icy fresh and live fish
The survival rate is high | specific growth rate% | coefficient of feed | |
Refrigerating set | 92 ± 5.89 | 0.41 ± 0.11 | 3.85 ± 1.11b |
live bait set | 98 ± 1.89 | 0.26 ± 0.06 | 5.75 ± 1.60a |
feed group | 97 ± 2.49 | 0.41 ± 0.15 | 1.42 ± 0.58c |
Note: data superscript no identical letters represents significant variability (P < 0.05).
Claims (2)
1. A puffed compound feed suitable for feeding and nutrition of mandarin fish comprises, by mass, 10 ~ 12% of wheat flour, 50 ~ 55% of cod fish meal, 3 ~ 5% of shrimp meal, 3 ~ 8% of chicken meal, 1 ~ 3% of blood cell protein powder, 5 ~ 10% of soybean meal, 2 ~ 3% of squid extract, 1 ~ 2% of fish oil, 2 ~ 3% of soybean oil, 0.5 ~ 1.5.5% of soybean phospholipid oil, 1 ~ 2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2 ~ 0.5.5% of choline chloride (50%), 1 ~ 2% of compound premix, 1 ~ 3% of bentonite, and all the percentages are mass percentages.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
(1) coarsely crushing raw materials such as peeled soybean meal, and the like, wherein the crushed raw materials can pass through a sieve sheet with the aperture of 1.0 mm; mixing all the solid material components and the phospholipid oil according to the proportion in a mixer, wherein the mixing uniformity CV is less than 7 percent;
(2) The evenly mixed materials are subjected to expansion granulation after tempering (90 ~ 95 ℃);
The expansion degree of the feed particles is 1.4 ~ 1.5.5 by adjusting the technological parameters such as opening area, steam pressure, water adding amount and the like, and the length-diameter ratio of the feed particles is controlled within the range of 4: 1 ~ 5: 1 by adjusting the rotating speed of a cutter (6 ~ 10 r/min);
(3) drying the expanded feed pellets in an oven until the water content is below 12 percent;
(4) Uniformly spraying the refined seawater fish oil and the soybean oil which are premixed according to the proportion of claim 1 on the surface of the feed (roller spraying) so as to be fully absorbed;
(5) cooling the expanded feed to room temperature, and packaging.
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111226837A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-06-05 | 佛山市南海区杰大饲料有限公司 | Mandarin fish culture method by feeding expanded compound feed |
CN113383861A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-14 | 浙江益祥生物科技有限公司 | Efficient and environment-friendly mandarin fish puffed compound feed production method and equipment thereof |
CN114601076A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-06-10 | 石和荣 | Compound feed for promoting feeding of mandarin fish and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases and preparation method thereof |
CN115191388A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-18 | 唐人神集团股份有限公司 | Mandarin fish culture facility and culture method |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105901295A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-08-31 | 浙江联兴饲料科技有限公司 | Puffed mixed feed for mandarin fish |
CN105994961A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-12 | 上海农好饲料有限公司 | Expanded floating feed for siniperca chuatsi and preparation method thereof |
-
2019
- 2019-08-20 CN CN201910768815.7A patent/CN110547361A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105901295A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-08-31 | 浙江联兴饲料科技有限公司 | Puffed mixed feed for mandarin fish |
CN105994961A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-12 | 上海农好饲料有限公司 | Expanded floating feed for siniperca chuatsi and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111226837A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-06-05 | 佛山市南海区杰大饲料有限公司 | Mandarin fish culture method by feeding expanded compound feed |
CN113383861A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-14 | 浙江益祥生物科技有限公司 | Efficient and environment-friendly mandarin fish puffed compound feed production method and equipment thereof |
CN114601076A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-06-10 | 石和荣 | Compound feed for promoting feeding of mandarin fish and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases and preparation method thereof |
CN114601076B (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2024-04-12 | 石和荣 | Compound feed for promoting mandarin fish ingestion and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases and preparation method thereof |
CN115191388A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-18 | 唐人神集团股份有限公司 | Mandarin fish culture facility and culture method |
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