CN115191388A - Mandarin fish culture facility and culture method - Google Patents
Mandarin fish culture facility and culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115191388A CN115191388A CN202210809376.1A CN202210809376A CN115191388A CN 115191388 A CN115191388 A CN 115191388A CN 202210809376 A CN202210809376 A CN 202210809376A CN 115191388 A CN115191388 A CN 115191388A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a mandarin fish culture facility and a mandarin fish culture method, which comprise a plurality of culture net cages, a plurality of micropore oxygen-increasing machines, an impeller oxygen-increasing machine and a water pump, wherein one or a plurality of nanometer oxygen-increasing disks are arranged in the culture net cages, the nanometer oxygen-increasing disks are communicated with the micropore oxygen-increasing machines, the impeller oxygen-increasing machines are positioned outside the culture net cages, a plurality of jet ports are arranged on the inner wall of one side of each culture net cage, and the jet ports are communicated with the water pump. The invention adopts the culture net cage, is matched with the culture net cage, the microporous aerator, the impeller aerator and the water pump, integrates the effects of aeration and artificial water flow manufacturing, and can realize artificial culture of the mandarin fish.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mandarin fish culture facility and a mandarin fish culture method, in particular to a method for culturing mandarin fish by using a cage and a compound feed.
Background
Sinipercachuatsi belongs to Perciformes, lateolaceae and Mandarin fish, also known as Osmanthus and Mandarin fish, etc., mandarin fish is always a unique and rare fish in fresh water in China, and is highly popular with domestic and foreign consumers due to its delicious meat and no muscle prickle. In the last 70 th century, the artificial reproduction technology of mandarin fish was broken through, and in the 80 th century, the artificial culture of mandarin fish was first developed in south China sea, cis and other places. With the increase of the market demand for high-quality aquatic products, the mandarin fish aquaculture industry is rapidly developing. According to the data of the annual book of fishery statistics in 2021, the total yield reaches 37.69 ten thousand tons in 2020, and the output value reaches 700 billion yuan. The mandarin fish culture variety is developed from the single mandarin fish culture in the past to the situation that multiple kinds of mandarin fish, siniperca scherzeri and the like are simultaneously developed, the culture mode is developed from the single pond culture to various culture modes such as pond main culture, mandarin crab mixed culture, shrimp and mandarin fish mixed culture, proliferation and releasing of natural water areas such as lakes and reservoirs, cage mandarin fish culture and the like, the culture yield per unit and the annual yield are improved year by year, wherein the culture yield of Guangdong province is the highest, and provinces such as Hubei, anhui, jiangxi, jiangsu and the like are the second.
The technical problem of mandarin fish feed culture is an industrial bottleneck all the time, and the cost of feed culture is reduced by 8-10 yuan/jin compared with the traditional pond culture along with the breakthrough of the mandarin fish feed culture technology in Guangdong areas in nearly two years. However, the majority of mandarin fish cultivation is mainly based on live bait fish feeding, and the mandarin fish cultivation is carried out by feeding artificial compound feed, so that the mandarin fish cultivation is less, the main reason is that the mandarin fish artificial feed cultivation technology is not mature enough, the survival rate is low, the yield is low, diseases frequently occur, and the mandarin fish is not fed in a wild way, therefore, the method for cultivating the mandarin fish by using the net cage is invented, an outer pond water body and a net cage water body are usually in convection, the physical and chemical indexes of water quality during cultivation never exceed the standard, the ingestion rate of the mandarin fish is high, the specification is more regular, the mandarin fish grows fast, the mandarin fish is easy to go to the market, the survival rate is high, the disease prevention and control is scientific, the intensification degree is high, the yield is greatly improved, the yield and income of farmers are increased, the time for the mandarin fish cultivation is controllable, and the adult fish catching is convenient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a mandarin fish culture facility and a mandarin fish culture method, which are used for realizing mandarin fish culture.
The invention provides a mandarin fish culture facility which comprises a plurality of culture net cages, a plurality of micropore oxygen increasing machines, an impeller oxygen increasing machine and a water pump, wherein one or a plurality of nanometer oxygen increasing disks are arranged in the culture net cages, the nanometer oxygen increasing disks are communicated with the micropore oxygen increasing machines, the impeller oxygen increasing machines are positioned outside the culture net cages, a plurality of jet ports are arranged on the inner wall of one side of each culture net cage, and the jet ports are communicated with the water pump.
Furthermore, the mesh of the aquaculture net cage is 0.6-1cm, and the length, the width and the height of the aquaculture net cage can be 2-4m.
The invention also discloses a mandarin fish culture method of the mandarin fish culture facility, which is characterized by comprising the following feeding process:
s101, stimulating the mandarin fish to be in a colony state in advance;
s102, feeding the feed in stages, and controlling more than 80% of the feed floating in the water to float in the middle area of the net cage;
s103, stopping the feeding process.
Further, the step s101 of pre-stimulating the mandarin fish to the colonized state specifically comprises:
s1011, closing the microporous aerator in advance;
s1012, starting a water pump to enable a jet orifice to spray water until water flow is formed in the culture net cage;
s1013, observing the swimming condition of the mandarin fish, and if more than 80% of the mandarin fish are obviously gathered, determining that the mandarin fish is in a cluster state.
Further, S102, feeding the feed in stages, and controlling more than 80% of the feed floating in the water to float in the middle area of the net cage specifically comprise:
s1021, feeding a small amount of feed in the net cage for multiple times, and controlling more than 80% of feed floating in water to float in the middle area of the net cage;
s1021, if the ingestion speed of the mandarin fish is obviously increased, gradually increasing the feeding amount in unit time;
and S1023, if the feeding speed of the mandarin fish is obviously reduced, reducing the feeding amount in unit time until no mandarin fish is fed obviously.
Further, S103, stopping the feeding process comprises: and opening the microporous aerator and closing the water pump.
Further, the feed is a floating expanded feed, wherein the crude protein in the feed is more than or equal to 48.0, the crude ash content is less than or equal to 18.0, the crude fat is more than or equal to 5.0, the lysine is more than or equal to 2.5, the crude fiber is less than or equal to 8.0, the phosphorus content is more than or equal to 1.0, and the water content is less than or equal to 10.
Further, in the feeding process, the energy-gathering rare earth, vc and probiotics are fed into the feed in a stirring manner for at least 2 days in one month.
Further, the mandarin fish culture method further comprises a water quality management process, wherein the water quality management process comprises the following steps:
s201, controlling the ratio of the sludge at the bottom of the pond to the water depth to be 1: (2.5-10), adding alkaline substances, disinfecting, and removing aquatic organisms in the pond;
s202, adding new water into the pond, wherein the ratio of sludge at the bottom of the pond to water depth is 1: (10-25) and increasing oxygen;
s203, adding organic acid to the pond for detoxification and fertilizing water to form a water body suitable for mandarin fish culture.
Still further, the rich water comprises:
s2031, adding organic biological fertilizer into a water body, and controlling the addition amount of the organic biological fertilizer per mu to be 10-20kg;
s2032, adding algae seeds into the water body;
s2033, adding an inorganic compound fertilizer into the water body, wherein the inorganic compound fertilizer at least comprises urea and a phosphate fertilizer, the dosage of the phosphate fertilizer per mu is 10-15kg, and the dosage of the urea per mu is 3-10kg.
Compared with the prior art, the invention integrates the effects of oxygenation and artificial water flow production by adopting the culture net cage, matching the culture net cage, the micropore aerator, the impeller aerator and the water pump, and can realize artificial culture of the mandarin fish.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
The embodiment of the invention provides a mandarin fish culture facility which comprises a plurality of culture net cages, a plurality of micropore oxygen increasing machines, an impeller oxygen increasing machine and a water pump, wherein one or a plurality of nanometer oxygen increasing disks are arranged in the culture net cages, the nanometer oxygen increasing disks are communicated with the micropore oxygen increasing machines, the impeller oxygen increasing machines are positioned outside the culture net cages, a plurality of jet ports are arranged on the inner wall of one side of each culture net cage, and the jet ports are communicated with the water pump.
Example 1:
the method comprises the following steps: water quality management of aquaculture pond
(1) Pond disinfection and fertilizing water
The requirement of the aquaculture pond reaches 20-30 mu, sludge at the bottom of the pond is cleaned by using a sludge removal vehicle, the thickness of the sludge at the bottom of the pond is kept at 10-20cm, and water is fed after the pond is exposed for 10-15 days; feeding water into the pond to a depth of 0.5-1.0m, then splashing quicklime (150-200 kg per mu), soaking for a week, thoroughly sterilizing, and cleaning wild trash fish, snails, shrimps and the like in the pond; adding fresh water into the pond, filtering the water inlet by using a 80-mesh bag, and starting an aerator in the pond when the water inflow level reaches 2.5 m.
Organic acid substances are used for detoxification before water fertilization of the culture pond, organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers are combined to fertilize water, organic biological fertilizers (fermented chicken manure, pig manure and the like) are selected, the organic biological fertilizers are completely fermented at high temperature, have acid fragrance when smelling, are easy to dissolve in water, and the dosage is 10-20kg per mu. And matched with proper algae species, such as small-ball algae, the breeding speed is high, and the water color change is fast; the diatom algae grows slowly, but has high stability and is not easy to pour algae; supplementing a certain amount of inorganic compound fertilizer (urea, phosphate fertilizer and the like), wherein the dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is 10-15kg per mu, the dosage of the urea is 3-10kg per mu, and the fertilizing times need to pay attention to the principle of small quantity and multiple times, so that the water body is 'fertile, alive, tender and cool'.
(2) Pond water quality regulation and control
The regulation and control of the pond water quality mainly comprises the steps of regulating the balance of bacteria and algae in a water body, detecting the pond water quality every 2-3 days, and detecting the physical and chemical indexes of the water body: observing the water color change of the water body, and the fluctuation of physical and chemical indexes and water color in the water body, and processing in time; the regulating steps are measuring water, detoxifying, changing bottom and fertilizing water. The stability of water quality is ensured.
Step two: preparation of aquaculture net cage
The net cages are purchased from the market, the mesh size of the net cages is 0.8cm, the length, width and height requirements are 4m, 2.5m, the net cages are fixed in the middle of a pond by using plastic buoys, and the net cages are connected by using iron frames, so that the operation of aquaculture workers is facilitated. Install 2 10mm nanometer oxygen increasing disk in every box with a net, connect a 1.5 kW's micropore oxygen-increasing machine, install a 1.5 kW's impeller oxygen-increasing machine in box with a net periphery simultaneously, increase the mobility of water. Each culture net cage is provided with 1 0.37kW water pump, is connected to a PVC water pipe with the diameter of 25 mmand is placed in the middle of the corresponding net cage, and 2-3 rows of holes are drilled at one side of a water outlet to form porous jet flow, so that the mandarin fish is beneficial to feeding in clusters. A sunshade net is built in the whole mandarin fish net cage culture area, so that feeding of feed is facilitated.
Step three: mandarin fish fry purchasing
(1) Mandarin fish fry selective purchasing
Selecting 25 g/tail mandarin fish fries with average specification from Guangdong region, wherein the fries are completely domesticated and can reach more than 80% of mandarin fish compound feed, and have the advantages of healthy constitution, full vitality, no deformity and regular size and specification.
(2) Mandarin fish fry transportation
The fry is transported to the interior from Guangdong for a long time, and should be stopped for 24 hours in advance, the water tank in the fry transport vehicle is sprinkled with the fragrant grass ginger to reduce the stress of the fry, and the maximum transport density is 1000 tails/m 3 And the survival rate of the fry is ensured.
Step four: siniperca chuatsi fry throwing method
Inspecting whether the net cage is damaged in advance, releasing the fry in clear weather, and soaking the fry in iodine preparation in 10ppm for 5min after the fry is transported to a target. Sprinkling anti-stress Vc or multidimensional in the net cages, putting the fries with water into the net cages, wherein the fry putting density of each net cage is 60-80 tails/m < 3 >, observing the fry swimming condition after the fries are put into the net cages, and fishing out the injured fishes.
Step five: scientific feed feeding method for net cage mandarin fish
(1) Selection of special compound feed for mandarin fish
The selection and feeding of the culture feed for the mandarin fish in the net cage are the key points of culture, the special compound feed (floating type puffed feed) for the mandarin fish is purchased from the market, and the guarantee values of the nutrient components of the feed are as follows:
(2) Feed feeding technique for cage mandarin fish
The feeding time arrangement of the mandarin fish is that the ratio of the mandarin fish to the mandarin fish is 8 and 18, the feed is weighed and recorded before feeding, the energy-gathered rare earth, vc and probiotics are stirred at least 2 times per month, 1 time is 1 week, a microporous aerator is closed in advance in a net cage, a water pump and a PVC pipe are opened to jet water to form water flow, mandarin fish clustering is stimulated (the swimming condition of the mandarin fish is observed, if more than 80 percent of the mandarin fish are obviously gathered, the mandarin fish can be determined to be in a clustering state), a feeder is required to wear gloves during feeding to prevent cross infection, meanwhile, the mandarin fish is fed to a wave water flow at a fixed point, the feeding rhythm is controlled to be slow, fast and slow, the mandarin fish clustering needs a certain time, a small quantity of feeding is performed for multiple times, when the mandarin fish swarm is more, the feeding can be increased and accelerated, and the feeding is observed to obviously slow the feeding, and the feeding amount is reduced. When the feed is fed, the feed floats to the corners of the net cage, and a plastic ladle is fished out and splashed to the middle position of the net cage (more than 80 percent of the feed floating in water is controlled to float in the middle area of the net cage), so that the waste of the feed is reduced. After the feed is fed, opening the microporous aerator and closing the water pump; the daily feeding rate is ensured to be 2-3 percent.
(3) Operation method of mixing medicinal bait in feed
Firstly, opening all the mixed medicines, pouring the medicines into an empty basin, and uniformly stirring the medicines. And secondly, slowly pouring the uniformly stirred medicine into another basin containing a proper amount of water, and uniformly stirring. And thirdly, pouring the uniformly stirred medicines into a long-nozzle watering can, stirring the feed while slowly and uniformly watering the medicines in the watering can on the feed, and then uniformly stirring. It should be noted that the mixture must be stirred uniformly in each step, otherwise the medicine in the feed is not uniformly dispersed, and the medicine effect cannot play the real role.
(4) Regular brushing net cage
The net cage is scrubbed once every half month during the whole culture period, the brushes are fixed on 2 m bamboo poles, the brushes surround the periphery of the net cage to scrub sundries such as algae, excrement and the like attached to meshes, the water body of an outer pond and the water body of the net cage are kept in convection frequently, and the mandarin fish can live in a comfortable water body environment.
Step six: prevention and control of diseases of mandarin fish cultivated in net cages
The biggest harm in the mandarin fish culture process is viral diseases, namely siniperca chuatsi Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus (ISKNV), mandarin fish iridovirus (MRV), mandarin fish rhabdovirus (SCRV) and Viral Nervous Necrosis Virus (VNNV). Mandarin fish farmers are habitually called as 'iridovirus', the mandarin fish is clinically manifested by dyspnea, gill white, hepatic white and splenic swelling and necrosis, the morbidity and mortality rate is as high as 90%, and the problem of total population is caused. The prevention of fish diseases is key, water quality and fish body microscopic examination are regularly detected, whether parasites exist in the fish body is checked, the pond is patrolled every day, and whether abnormal reactions exist in the mandarin fish is observed; regularly mixing Chinese herbal medicines such as radix Et rhizoma Rhei, galla chinensis, garlicin, etc. with the feed; meanwhile, the fish feed is mixed with liver and gall protective agents such as multivitamin and immune polysaccharide to improve the immunity of fish bodies.
Step seven: cage mandarin fish harvesting
After the mandarin fish is bred for 6 months, the mandarin fish can be marketed when the mandarin fish specification reaches 475 g/tail, the mandarin fish can be harvested continuously in 10-12 months of the year, the mandarin fish is stopped 24 hours in advance, the period of the mandarin fish drug in the drug withdrawal period is checked, the mandarin fish net cage is pulled to one corner, the mandarin fish is caught into a plastic basket by using a fishing net, the weight is weighed, the total weight of each net cage reaches 735.5kg, and the survival rate reaches 74.54 percent.
Example 2:
the method comprises the following steps: water quality management of aquaculture pond
(1) Pool disinfection and fertilizing water
Cleaning sludge at the bottom of the culture pond by using a sludge removal vehicle when the culture pond reaches 20-30 mu, keeping the thickness of the sludge at the bottom of the pond at 10-20cm, and then, exposing the pond for 10-15 days and then feeding water; feeding water into the pond to a depth of 0.5-1.0m, then splashing quicklime (150-200 kg per mu), soaking for a week, thoroughly sterilizing, and cleaning wild trash fish, snails, shrimps and the like in the pond; adding fresh water into the pond, filtering the water inlet by using a 80-mesh bag, and starting an aerator in the pond when the water inflow level reaches 2.5 m.
Organic acid substances are used for detoxification before the water is fertilized in the culture pond, organic fertilizers (fermented chicken manure, pig manure and the like) are used for fertilizing water in a mode of combining the organic fertilizers with inorganic fertilizers, organic biological fertilizers are selected, the organic biological fertilizers must be completely fermented at high temperature, have acid fragrance when smelling, are easy to dissolve in water, and are measured by 10-20kg per mu. And matched with proper algae species, such as small-ball algae, the breeding speed is high, and the water color change is quick; the diatom species grow slowly, but have high stability and are not easy to pour the diatom; supplementing a certain amount of inorganic compound fertilizer (urea, phosphate fertilizer and the like), wherein the dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is 10-15kg per mu, the dosage of the urea is 3-10kg per mu, and the fertilizing times need to pay attention to the principle of small quantity and multiple times, so that the water body is 'fertile, alive, tender and cool'.
(2) Pond water quality regulation and control
The regulation and control of pond water quality mainly regulates the balance of bacteria and algae in water, the pond water quality needs to be detected every 2-3 days, and the water physical and chemical indexes are detected as follows: observing the water color change of the water body, and the fluctuation of physical and chemical indexes and water color in the water body, and processing in time; the regulating steps are measuring water, detoxifying, changing bottom and fertilizing water. The stability of water quality is ensured.
Step two: preparation of aquaculture net cage
The net cages are purchased from the market, the mesh size of the net cages is 0.8cm, the length, width and height requirements are 4m, 2.5m, the net cages are fixed in the middle of a pond by using plastic buoys, and the net cages are connected by using iron frames, so that the operation of aquaculture workers is facilitated. 1-2 nanometer oxygenation disks with the diameter of 10mm are arranged in each net cage, a 1.5kW micropore aerator is connected with the net cage, and a 1.5kW impeller aerator is arranged on the periphery of the net cage to increase the fluidity of a water body. Each culture net cage is provided with 1 0.37kW water pump, is connected to a PVC water pipe with the diameter of 25 mmand is placed in the middle of the corresponding net cage, and 2-3 rows of holes are drilled at one side of a water outlet to form porous jet flow, so that the mandarin fish is beneficial to feeding in clusters. A sunshade net is built in the whole mandarin fish net cage culture area, so that the feeding of the feed is facilitated.
Step three: mandarin fish fry purchasing
(1) Mandarin fish fry selective purchasing
Selecting mandarin fish fries with the specification of 30 g/tail from Guangdong region, wherein the fries are completely domesticated and can reach more than 80 percent of the mandarin fish compound feed, and are healthy in physique, full of vitality, free of deformity and regular in size and specification.
(2) Transportation of mandarin fish fry
Because the fry is transported to the inland from Guangdong and the transportation time is long, the fry is stopped for 24 hours in advance, the water tank in the fry transport vehicle is splashed with the fragrant grass ginger, the stress of the fry is reduced, the maximum transportation density is 1000 tails/m < 3 >, and the survival rate of the fry is ensured.
Step four: siniperca chuatsi fry throwing method
Inspecting whether the net cage is damaged in advance, releasing the fry in clear weather, and soaking the fry in 5-10ppm iodine preparation for 5-10min after the fry is transported to the target. Sprinkling anti-stress Vc or multidimensional water in the net cage, putting the fry into the net cage with water, wherein the fry putting density of each net cage is 50-80 tails/m < 3 >, observing the fry swimming condition after the fry is put into the net cage, and fishing out the injured fish.
Step five: scientific feed feeding method for net cage mandarin fish
(1) Selection of special compound feed for mandarin fish
The selection and feeding of the culture feed for the mandarin fish in the net cage are the key points of culture, the special compound feed (floating type puffed feed) for the mandarin fish is purchased from the market, and the guarantee values of the nutrient components of the feed are as follows:
(2) Feed feeding technique for cage mandarin fish
The feeding time arrangement of the mandarin fish is that the ratio of the mandarin fish to the mandarin fish is 8 and 18, the feed is weighed and recorded before feeding, the energy-gathered rare earth, vc and probiotics are stirred at least 2 times per month, 1 time is 1 week, a microporous aerator is closed in advance in a net cage, a water pump and a PVC pipe are opened to jet water to form water flow, mandarin fish clustering is stimulated (the swimming condition of the mandarin fish is observed, if more than 80 percent of the mandarin fish are obviously gathered, the mandarin fish can be determined to be in a clustering state), a feeder is required to wear gloves during feeding to prevent cross infection, meanwhile, the mandarin fish is fed to a wave water flow at a fixed point, the feeding rhythm is controlled to be slow, fast and slow, the mandarin fish clustering needs a certain time, a small quantity of feeding is performed for multiple times, when the mandarin fish swarm is more, the feeding can be increased and accelerated, and the feeding is observed to obviously slow the feeding, and the feeding amount is reduced. When the feed is fed, the feed floats to the corners of the net cage, and a plastic ladle is fished out and splashed to the middle position of the net cage (more than 80 percent of the feed floating in water is controlled to float in the middle area of the net cage), so that the waste of the feed is reduced. After the feed is fed, opening the microporous aerator and closing the water pump; the daily feeding rate is ensured to be 2-3 percent.
(3) Operation method of mixing medicinal bait in feed
Firstly, opening all the mixed medicines, pouring the medicines into an empty basin, and uniformly stirring the medicines. And secondly, slowly pouring the uniformly stirred medicine into another basin containing a proper amount of water, and uniformly stirring. Thirdly, pouring the uniformly stirred medicines into a long-nozzle watering can for watering flowers, slowly and uniformly watering the medicines in the watering can on the feed while stirring the feed, and then uniformly stirring. It should be noted that the mixture must be stirred uniformly in each step, otherwise the mixture will be unevenly dispersed in the feed, and the drug effect will not exert its true effect.
(4) Regular brushing net cage
The net cage is scrubbed once every half month during the whole culture period, the brushes are fixed on 2 m bamboo poles, the sundries such as algae, excrement and the like attached to meshes are scrubbed around the net cage by the brushes, and the water body of the outer pond and the water body of the net cage are always kept in convection, so that the mandarin fish lives in a comfortable water body environment.
Step six: prevention and control of diseases of mandarin fish cultured in net cage
The biggest harm in the mandarin fish culture process is viral diseases, namely siniperca chuatsi Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus (ISKNV), mandarin fish iridovirus (MRV), mandarin fish rhabdovirus (SCRV) and Viral Nervous Necrosis Virus (VNNV). Mandarin fish farmers are habitually called as 'iridovirus', the mandarin fish is clinically manifested by dyspnea, gill white, hepatic white and splenic swelling and necrosis, the morbidity and mortality rate is as high as 90%, and the problem of total population is caused. The prevention of fish diseases is key, water quality and fish body microscopic examination are regularly detected, whether parasites exist in the fish body is checked, the pond is patrolled every day, and whether abnormal reactions exist in the mandarin fish is observed; regularly mixing Chinese herbal medicines such as radix Et rhizoma Rhei, galla chinensis, and garlicin with the feed; meanwhile, the fish feed is mixed with liver and gall protective agents such as multivitamin and immune polysaccharide to improve the immunity of fish bodies.
Step seven: harvesting of mandarin fish in net cage
After the mandarin fish is bred for 6 months, the mandarin fish can be listed after the mandarin fish specification reaches 506.5 g/tail, the mandarin fish can be harvested sequentially in 10-12 months of the year, the mandarin fish is stopped 24 hours in advance, the period of the drug withdrawal period is checked, the mandarin fish net cage is pulled to one corner, the mandarin fish is caught in a plastic basket by using a fishing net, the weight is weighed, the total weight of each net cage reaches 778.4kg, and the survival rate reaches 79.82%.
Example 3:
the method comprises the following steps: water quality management of aquaculture pond
(1) Pond disinfection and fertilizing water
The requirement of the aquaculture pond reaches 20-30 mu, sludge at the bottom of the pond is cleaned by using a sludge removal vehicle, the thickness of the sludge at the bottom of the pond is kept at 10-20cm, and water is fed after the pond is exposed for 10-15 days; feeding water into the pond to a depth of 0.5-1.0m, then splashing quicklime (150-200 kg per mu), soaking for a week, thoroughly sterilizing, and cleaning wild trash fish, snails, shrimps and the like in the pond; adding fresh water into the pond, filtering the water inlet by using a 80-mesh bag, enabling the water level of the inflow to reach 2.5m, and starting the aerator in the pond.
Organic acid substances are used for detoxification before water fertilization of the culture pond, organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers are combined to fertilize water, organic biological fertilizers (fermented chicken manure, pig manure and the like) are selected, the organic biological fertilizers are completely fermented at high temperature, acid fragrance is smelled, the organic biological fertilizers are easy to dissolve in water, and the amount of each mu is 10-20kg. And matched with proper algae species, such as small-ball algae, the breeding speed is high, and the water color change is fast; the diatom species grow slowly, but have high stability and are not easy to pour the diatom; supplementing a certain amount of inorganic compound fertilizer (urea, phosphate fertilizer and the like), wherein the dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is 10-15kg per mu, the dosage of the urea is 3-10kg per mu, and the fertilization times need to pay attention to the principle that a small amount of fertilizer is applied for multiple times, so that the water body is 'fertile, alive, tender and cool'.
(2) Pond water quality control
The regulation and control of pond water quality mainly regulates the balance of bacteria and algae in water, the pond water quality needs to be detected every 2-3 days, and the water physical and chemical indexes are detected as follows: observing the water color change of the water body, and the fluctuation of physical and chemical indexes and water color in the water body, and processing in time; the regulating steps are measuring water, detoxifying, changing bottom and fertilizing water. The stability of water quality is ensured.
Step two: preparation of aquaculture net cage
The net cages are purchased from the market, the mesh size of the net cages is 0.8cm, the length, width and height requirements are 4m, 2.5m, the net cages are fixed in the middle of a pond by using plastic buoys, and the net cages are connected by using iron frames, so that the operation of aquaculture workers is facilitated. 1-2 nanometer oxygenation disks with the thickness of 10mm are arranged in each net cage, a 1.5kW micropore aerator is connected with the net cage, and a 1.5kW impeller aerator is arranged on the periphery of the net cage to increase the mobility of water. Each culture net cage is provided with 1 0.37kW water pump, is connected to a PVC water pipe with the diameter of 25 mmand is placed in the middle of the corresponding net cage, and 2-3 rows of holes are drilled at one side of a water outlet to form porous jet flow, so that the mandarin fish is beneficial to feeding in clusters. A sunshade net is built in the whole mandarin fish net cage culture area, so that feeding of feed is facilitated.
Step three: mandarin fish fry purchasing
(1) Mandarin fish fry selective purchasing
The method is characterized in that mandarin fish fries with the specification of 20 g/tail are selected from Guangdong regions, the requirement that the fries are completely domesticated and can reach more than 80 percent of mandarin fish compound feeds, the health is realized, the mandarin fish compound feeds are full of vitality, no deformity is caused, and the sizes and the specifications are regular.
(2) Mandarin fish fry transportation
Because the fry is transported to the inland from Guangdong and the transportation time is long, the fry is stopped for 24 hours in advance, the water tank in the fry transport vehicle is splashed with the fragrant grass ginger, the stress of the fry is reduced, the maximum transportation density is 1000 tails/m < 3 >, and the survival rate of the fry is ensured.
Step four: siniperca chuatsi fry throwing method
Inspecting whether the net cage is damaged in advance, releasing the fry in clear weather, and soaking the fry in 5-10ppm iodine preparation for 5-10min after the fry is transported to a target. Sprinkling anti-stress Vc or multidimensional water in the net cage, putting the fry into the net cage with water, wherein the fry putting density of each net cage is 50-80 tails/m < 3 >, observing the fry swimming condition after the fry is put into the net cage, and fishing out the injured fish.
Step five: scientific feed feeding method for net cage mandarin fish
(1) Selection of special compound feed for mandarin fish
The selection and feeding of the culture feed for the mandarin fish in the net cage are the key points of culture, the special compound feed (floating type puffed feed) for the mandarin fish is purchased from the market, and the guarantee values of the nutrient components of the feed are as follows:
(2) Feed feeding technique for cage mandarin fish
The feeding time arrangement of the mandarin fish is that the ratio of the mandarin fish to the mandarin fish is 8 and 18, the feed is weighed and recorded before feeding, the energy-gathered rare earth, vc and probiotics are stirred at least 2 times per month, 1 time is 1 week, a microporous aerator is closed in advance in a net cage, a water pump and a PVC pipe are opened to jet water to form water flow, mandarin fish clustering is stimulated (the swimming condition of the mandarin fish is observed, if more than 80 percent of the mandarin fish are obviously gathered, the mandarin fish can be determined to be in a clustering state), a feeder is required to wear gloves during feeding to prevent cross infection, meanwhile, the mandarin fish is fed to a wave water flow at a fixed point, the feeding rhythm is controlled to be slow, fast and slow, the mandarin fish clustering needs a certain time, a small quantity of feeding is performed for multiple times, when the mandarin fish swarm is more, the feeding can be increased and accelerated, and the feeding is observed to obviously slow the feeding, and the feeding amount is reduced. When the feed is fed, the feed floats to the corners of the net cage, and a plastic ladle is fished out and splashed to the middle position of the net cage (more than 80 percent of the feed floating in water is controlled to float in the middle area of the net cage), so that the waste of the feed is reduced. After the feed is fed, opening the microporous aerator and closing the water pump; the daily feeding rate is ensured to be 2-3%.
(3) Operation method of mixing medicinal bait in feed
Firstly, opening all the mixed medicines, pouring the medicines into an empty basin, and uniformly stirring the medicines. And secondly, slowly pouring the uniformly stirred medicine into another basin containing a proper amount of water, and uniformly stirring. And thirdly, pouring the uniformly stirred medicines into a long-nozzle watering can, stirring the feed while slowly and uniformly watering the medicines in the watering can on the feed, and then uniformly stirring. It should be noted that the mixture must be stirred uniformly in each step, otherwise the mixture will be unevenly dispersed in the feed, and the drug effect will not exert its true effect.
(4) Regular brushing net cage
The net cage is scrubbed once every half month during the whole culture period, the brushes are fixed on 2 m bamboo poles, the sundries such as algae, excrement and the like attached to meshes are scrubbed around the net cage by the brushes, and the water body of the outer pond and the water body of the net cage are always kept in convection, so that the mandarin fish lives in a comfortable water body environment.
Step six: prevention and control of diseases of mandarin fish cultured in net cage
The biggest harm in the mandarin fish culture process is viral diseases, namely siniperca chuatsi Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus (ISKNV), mandarin fish iridovirus (MRV), mandarin fish rhabdovirus (SCRV) and Viral Nervous Necrosis Virus (VNNV). Mandarin fish farmers are habitually called as 'iridovirus', the mandarin fish is clinically manifested by dyspnea, gill white, hepatic white and splenic swelling and necrosis, the morbidity and mortality rate is as high as 90%, and the problem of total population is caused. The prevention of fish diseases is key, water quality and fish body microscopic examination are regularly detected, whether parasites exist in the fish body is checked, the pond is patrolled every day, and whether abnormal reactions exist in the mandarin fish is observed; regularly mixing Chinese herbal medicines such as radix Et rhizoma Rhei, galla chinensis, and garlicin with the feed; meanwhile, the fish feed is mixed with liver and gall protective agents such as multivitamin and immune polysaccharide to improve the immunity of fish bodies.
Step seven: harvesting of mandarin fish in net cage
After the mandarin fish is cultured for 6 months, the mandarin fish can be listed after the mandarin fish specification reaches 548.5 g/tail, the mandarin fish can be harvested sequentially in 10-12 months of the year, the mandarin fish is stopped 24 hours in advance, the period of the drug withdrawal period is checked, the mandarin fish net cage is pulled to one corner, the mandarin fish is caught in a plastic basket by using a fishing net, the weight is weighed, the total weight of each net cage reaches 835.5kg, and the survival rate reaches 82.47%.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the modifications and equivalents of the specific embodiments of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art after reading the present specification, but these modifications and variations do not depart from the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The mandarin fish culture facility is characterized by comprising a plurality of culture net cages, a plurality of microporous oxygen-increasing machines, impeller oxygen-increasing machines and water pumps, wherein one or more nanometer oxygen-increasing disks are arranged in the culture net cages and communicated with the microporous oxygen-increasing machines, the impeller oxygen-increasing machines are positioned outside the culture net cages, a plurality of jet ports are formed in the inner wall of one side of each culture net cage, and the jet ports are communicated with the water pumps.
2. The mandarin fish culturing method of claim 1, wherein the net holes of the culturing net cages are 0.6-1cm, and the length, width and height of the culturing net cages can be 2-4m.
3. A mandarin fish farming method of the mandarin fish farming facility of any of claims 1-2, wherein the mandarin fish farming method comprises a feeding process:
s101, stimulating the mandarin fish to be in a colony state in advance;
s102, feeding the feed in stages, and controlling more than 80% of the feed floating in the water to float in the middle area of the net cage;
s103, stopping the feeding process.
4. The mandarin fish farming method of claim 3, wherein S101, the pre-stimulating mandarin fish to a colonized state specifically comprises:
s1011, closing the microporous aerator in advance;
s1012, starting a water pump to enable a jet orifice to spray water until water flow is formed in the culture net cage;
s1013, observing the swimming condition of the mandarin fish, and if more than 80% of the mandarin fish are obviously gathered, determining that the mandarin fish is in a cluster state.
5. The mandarin fish farming method of claim 3, wherein, at S102, the feed feeding is performed in stages, and more than 80% of feed floating in water is controlled to float in the middle area of the net cage specifically:
s1021, feeding a small amount of feed in the net cage for multiple times, and controlling more than 80% of feed floating in water to float in the middle area of the net cage;
s1021, if the ingestion speed of the mandarin fish is obviously increased, gradually increasing the feeding amount in unit time;
s1023, if the ingestion speed of the mandarin fish is obviously reduced, the feeding amount in unit time is reduced until the mandarin fish does not ingest obviously.
6. The mandarin fish farming method of claim 3, wherein S103. Stopping the feeding process comprises: and opening the microporous aerator and closing the water pump.
7. The mandarin fish culturing method of claim 3, wherein the feed is a floating expanded feed, and has crude protein content of 48.0 or more, crude ash content of 18.0 or less, crude fat content of 5.0 or more, lysine content of 2.5 or more, crude fiber content of 8.0 or less, phosphorus content of 1.0 or more, and water content of 10 or less.
8. The mandarin fish farming method of claim 3, wherein during the feeding process, the energy-gathered rare earths, vc and probiotics are fed in the feed in a mixed manner for at least 2 days in a month.
9. The mandarin fish farming method of claim 3, wherein the mandarin fish farming method further comprises a water quality management process, the water quality management process comprising:
s201, controlling the ratio of the sludge at the bottom of the pond to the water depth to be 1: (2.5-10), adding alkaline matters, disinfecting and removing aquatic organisms in the pond;
s202, adding fresh water into the pond, wherein the ratio of sludge at the bottom of the pond to water depth is 1: (10-25), and increasing oxygen;
s203, adding organic acid to the pond for detoxification and fertilizing water to form a water body suitable for mandarin fish culture.
10. The mandarin fish farming method of claim 9, wherein the fertilizing water comprises:
s2031, adding organic biological fertilizer into a water body, and controlling the addition amount of the organic biological fertilizer per mu to be 10-20kg;
s2032, adding algae seeds into the water body;
s2033, adding an inorganic compound fertilizer into the water body, wherein the inorganic compound fertilizer at least comprises urea and a phosphate fertilizer, the dosage of the phosphate fertilizer per mu is 10-15kg, and the dosage of the urea per mu is 3-10kg.
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| CN110495411A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-11-26 | 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 | A kind of cultural method of mandarin fish |
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| CN111226837A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-06-05 | 佛山市南海区杰大饲料有限公司 | Mandarin fish culture method by feeding expanded compound feed |
| CN111226836A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-06-05 | 湖北省水产科学研究所 | Method for cultivating mandarin fish by artificial ecological arrangement of pond net cage and compound feed |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2014161236A (en) * | 2013-02-21 | 2014-09-08 | Nichimo Co Ltd | FISH FARMING METHOD AND pH REGULATING AGENT USED FOR THE SAME |
| CN109287891A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-02-01 | 福建天马饲料有限公司 | Mandarin fish tames mixed feed early period, preparation method and is feeding the application in mandarin fish |
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