CN103548774A - Dynamic nutrition feeding method for improving nutrition metabolism of pig organisms - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic nutrition feeding method for improving nutrition metabolism of pig organisms. The method comprises the steps as follows: A, raw materials are selected, and daily rations A with nutritional levels of corresponding stages are prepared; B, daily rations B with reduced nutrient levels of crude protein, crude fat and salt are prepared on the basis of the step A, and the daily rations B comprise corn, bean pulp, wheat, wheat bran, corn DDGS (distillers dried grains with soluble), calcium hydrophosphate, rock flour, lysine 98, soya-bean oil, baking soda, salt and fodder A and fodder B which are prepared by the crude protein, the crude fat and the salt; C, the pigs are fed with different daily rations in the morning and in the afternoon, and the pigs are fed with the daily rations A during the time period from seven o'clock to twelve o'clock in the morning; and D, feeding is performed twice a day, and the feeding amount of the morning as well as the feeding amount of the afternoon accounts for a half of the total amount of the day. The method is feasible and the operation is simple and convenient; the problems of absorption and antagonism among nutrient substances and the like are avoided, and metabolism utilization of the pig organisms to the nutrient substances is effectively improved; the feeding cost is reduced, the production performance is improved, and the feed reward is increased; and pollution caused by harmful gases such as ammonia gas and the like in air of a pigsty and excreta to the environment can be reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the pig feed technical field of feeding, more specifically relate to a kind of feeding method of body to the pig feed mobilism of the Absorption And Metabolism utilization ratio of nutrition of improving, be applicable to the raising in the swine rearing in various stages, particularly vegetative period and the stage stage of fattening.
Background technology
Reasonably feeding standard is the technical standard of actual raising work, is the important evidence that instructs swinery to raise.The swine rearing standard having the greatest impact is in the world U.S. NRC, Britain ARC pig feed standard, by a lot of countries and regions, is adopted and uses for reference.China has formally formulated the feeding standard > > of < < bacon hogs in nineteen eighty-three, within 1987, State Standard Bureau formally promulgates < < lean meat species store pig feeding standard > >, country in 2004 promulgated again < < swine rearing standard > > (People's Republic of China's agricultural industry criteria---swine rearing standard (NY/T65-2004)) (Lan Yunxian chief editor. animal feeding standard. publishing house of Southwestern Normal University, 2008).Yet for a long time, these feeding standards both domestic and external are all to take the demand of different phase pig to be the unified daily ration according to preparation, namely in certain stage, each phase feeding are all daily rations of the same trophic level prepared of these raw materials.
The animal body material that absorbs nourishment from the external world, oxidation Decomposition, gives off energy in vivo, for various vital movements such as body growth growths, needs.In fact, animal body is different at the nutritional need of the different time of a day.Animal digestion organ declines in the function at night, and basal metabolism is very low, if evening overfeeding, and eat into a large amount of containing protein and fatty food, be not easy the rest that digestion also affects night.Therefore, the nutriment of searching for food does not obtain the maximized absorption of animal body and utilization, also easily produces the situation of overnutrition, causes the burden of internal organs, causes the phenomenons such as urinary nitrogen and ammonia rising.
Secondly, three major nutrient can carry out oxidation Decomposition in vivo, as energy substance, uses.But their energy supplies have sequencing, they are according to the order energy supply of carbohydrate, lipid, protein.Carbohydrate can directly change into protein and fat, and protein also can directly change into carbohydrate and fat.In the process transforming so, also can loss of energy (Wang Jingyan/Zhu Shenggeng/Xu Changfa chief editor, the < < biochemistry > > third edition, the .2002 of Higher Education Publishing House).
Moreover there is antagonism problem in the absorption of nutriment.Antagonism refers in Absorption And Metabolism process, because the quantitative proportion between two or more nutriment (as calcium and phosphorus, calcium and zinc etc.) is improper, causes a kind of nutriment to stop the phenomenon of another kind of absorption of nutrient ingredients.The clearest and the most definite have an amino acid whose absorption antagonism problem, the at present clear and definite antagonism absorbing between arginine and lysine that has (prints and meets dragon chief editor, < < pig amino acid nutrient and metabolism > > Science Press, 2008).
Therefore, the mixed ration of the unified standard of feeding in a day can cause the insufficient of nutrient absorption utilization, and the mutual conversion between nutriment and the albumen that causes or the extra consumption of energy matter, not only the burden of animal body self is increased, also cause the huge waste of limited feed resource, the feed cost that causes unit animal product has also caused severe contamination to ecotope simultaneously.Therefore, how to reduce low appetite nursing sow and employ too much soma, the design that lactation, feed should be by science is to provide the most effective nutrition.A kind of dynamic feeding method (Wu's letter that improves pig feed availability of patent of invention that inventor declares in earlier stage, Deng. a kind of dynamic feeding method that improves pig feed availability, application number: 201310097752.X), the method has proposed feasible dynamic feeding method first, but the method need to repeatedly be changed feed in one day, therefore, the method is made troubles to the operation of artificial feeding's group support animal.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to be to provide a kind of feeding method of improving the mobilism nutrition of pig body Nutrition and Metabolism, easy to implement the method, easy and simple to handle, effectively improve the metabolism utilization of pig body to nutriment, improved pig feed availability, no matter be concerning mechanization feed or artificial feeding's mode, all simple and easy to do, particularly to sow feed and feed dynamically very convenient.
In order to realize above-mentioned object, the present invention adopts following technical measures:
The invention provides a kind of feed preparation of easy raising efficiency of feed utilization and the mode of feeding thereof, different according to nutrition and the demand of physiological function of self in pig body one day, reasonably combined by by between stock yard nutriment, the daily ration of the nutrient levels such as different crude protein, crude fat, salt of feeding in the morning and afternoon, the morning and afternoon are containing absorbing the nutrition content of mutual antagonism and different functional additives.Not only can improve the efficiency that absorbs of pig feed nutrition, also can reduce the oxidative damage of body, reduce the discharge of the pernicious gases such as ammonia, realize efficiently cultivation, nuisanceless and reduce the object of aquaculture environmental pollution.The present invention is mainly reflected in the daily ration of the different nutrition levels of feeding in a day, be the relatively high daily rations of nutrient level such as crude protein, crude fat, salt of feeding the morning, the relatively low daily rations of nutrient level such as crude protein, crude fat, salt, the wherein low about 5-30% of nutrient water pancake such as crude protein, crude fat, salt feed afternoon; The morning is different with the selection of functional additive containing absorbing the nutrition content of mutual antagonism with afternoon; The morning and afternoon scale of feeding be approximately respectively half left and right of one day total amount.
A feeding method for the mobilism nutrition of pig body Nutrition and Metabolism, the steps include:
1, according to current Chinese feeding standard (2004), select raw material, comprise corn, dregs of beans, wheat, wheat bran, corn DDGS, fish meal, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, stone flour, lysine 98, soya-bean oil, sodium bicarbonate, salt etc., premix is by copper, zinc, iron, manganese, iodine, the composition such as amino acid and commercially available vitamin, with reference to current conventional feeding standard national research council (National Research Council, NRC) feeding standard of delivering (1998) and Chinese Pigs feeding standard (2004), the A daily ration of the trophic level of preparation respective stage,
2, feed and the trophic level of preparation different nutrition levels, prepare on this basis crude protein, crude fat, the B daily ration of the low about 5-30% of nutrient water pancake such as salt, B daily ration comprises corn (0-65.0%), dregs of beans (0-15.0%), wheat (0-35.0%), wheat bran (0-15.0%), corn DDGS (0-15.0%), calcium monohydrogen phosphate (0-1.5%), stone flour (0-1.5%), lysine 98(0-0.5%), arginine (0.01-0.6%), soya-bean oil (0-1.5%), sodium bicarbonate (0-0.6%), salt (0-0.3%) etc., crude protein (10.0-20.0%) wherein, crude fat (3.0-3.8%), salt (0.2-0.3%).Described raw material is multinomial selection, the raw material of any selection be corn, dregs of beans, wheat bran, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, stone flour, lysine 98, soya-bean oil, sodium bicarbonate, salt raw material be added equal 100% or corn wherein, dregs of beans, wheat, corn DDGS, stone flour, soya-bean oil, salt raw material be added and equal 100%, 4-6 or 3-5 or 5-7 or 6-10 or 4-11 kind raw material are added and equal 100% arbitrarily, because raw material is multinomial selection, can not be all according to the most multinomial selection, which kind of raw material some formulas the inside does not have is 0, and what some selections had does not select.A and the B feed of preparation comprise the shapes such as powder-material, particulate material, particle and liquid feed thereof.Wherein, the nutriment that has a mutual antagonism is placed in respectively A and B daily ration.
3, feed respectively in the morning and afternoon different daily ration select to add the additive of various physiological functions, be the A daily ration of feeding during 7:00-12:00 in the morning, functional additive alternative nucleotides (0.01-0.5%), curcumin (0.01-0.5%), essential oil (0.001-0.05%) etc. promote the material of body blood circulation; The B daily ration of feeding during 12:00-21:00 afternoon, functional additive can select chitosan oligosaccharide (0.01-1.5%), γ-aminobutyric acid (0.01-0.5%) etc. to promote the calm material that improves sleep of body;
4, the number of times of feeding is reduced to twice every day, or feed twice or three times according to the actual conditions of column home and pig number, the morning and afternoon scale of feeding be approximately respectively half left and right (morning and afternoon each 50%) of one day total amount, scale of feeding is roughly equal to 5% left and right of every pig body weight altogether, according to the feed intake in early stage, carries out adjusting in right amount.
Feed and the trophic level of table 1 preparation different nutrition levels
*note: (1) premix is comprised of with carrier copper, zinc, iron, manganese, iodine, amino acid and commercially available vitamin etc.;
(2) in A ration premix compound, add selectively functional additive that nucleotide, essential oil, curcumin etc. promote body blood circulation; In B daily ration, contain chitosan oligosaccharide, γ-aminobutyric acid, cellulose etc. and promote the calm functional additive that improves sleep of body.
The present invention is compared with prior art, simple, and easy operating has the following advantages and effect:
1, according to pig body, in one day, the difference of the absorption of nutriment and utilization is changed, dynamically feed, can promote organism metabolism ability, can reasonably meet again the needs of pig different time Stage Nutrition material, nutrients availability in feed is improved;
2, avoid the problems such as absorption antagonism between nutriment, improve the absorption of nutriment, improve productivity and the price of deed, reduced feeding cost;
3, can reduce pernicious gas and the pollutions of excreta to indoor and outdoor surroundings such as pig house Ammonia in Air gas.
Adopt the mode of feeding of present embodiment, the feeding experiment result that inventor does shows, experimental group growth pig of the present invention, under the close basis of feed intake, has been improved 4.51-12.17% compared with control group average daily gain; Can reduce the pernicious gas 5.20-28.39% such as pig house Ammonia in Air gas.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A feeding method for the mobilism nutrition of pig body Nutrition and Metabolism, this be the present invention for raising the mode of feeding in the 40kg-70kg stage stage of fattening, the steps include:
1, according to current feeding standard, select raw material, comprise corn, dregs of beans, wheat, wheat bran, corn DDGS, oil chaff, fish meal, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, stone flour, lysine 98, soya-bean oil, sodium bicarbonate, salt etc., premix is by copper, zinc, iron, manganese, iodine, the composition such as amino acid and commercially available vitamin, with reference to current conventional feeding standard national research council (National Research Council, NRC) feeding standard of delivering (1998) and Chinese Pigs feeding standard (2004), the A1 daily ration of the trophic level in preparation fattening of pig stage (feed preparation and the trophic level thereof of different nutrition levels refer to table 2), the nutrient such as crude protein (15.87%), crude fat (4.0%), lysine (0.89%), salt (0.42%) wherein.
2, feed and the trophic level of preparation different nutrition levels, prepare on this basis crude protein, crude fat, the B1 daily ration of the low about 5-30% of nutrient water pancake such as salt, comprise corn (66.7%), dregs of beans (13.1%), corn DDGS (6.0%), oil chaff (2.0%), wheat bran (8.5%), calcium monohydrogen phosphate (1.1%), stone flour (0.9%), arginine (0.3%), sodium bicarbonate (0.1%), salt (0.3%), premix (1.0%) etc., premix is by copper, zinc, iron, manganese, iodine, selenium, the arbitrary proportion such as amino acid and commercially available vitamin forms, B1 diets of different nutrition level comprises: crude protein (14.78%), crude fat (3.79%), lysine (0.68%), the nutrients such as salt (0.32%) (feed preparation and the trophic level thereof of different nutrition levels refer to table 2).The above premixed feed of preparation comprises the shapes such as powder-material, particulate material, particle and liquid feed thereof.
3, the different daily ration of feeding in the morning and afternoon, material lysine and the arginine with antagonism are separately fed, select to add the additive of various physiological functions: the A1 daily ration of feeding during 7:00-12:00 in the morning, adds functional additive nucleotide (0.01%); The B1 daily ration of feeding during 12:00-21:00 afternoon, functional additive is selected chitosan oligosaccharide (0.02%);
4, the number of times of feeding is reduced to twice every day, or feed more than twice according to the actual conditions of column home and pig number, the morning and afternoon scale of feeding be approximately respectively half left and right of one day total amount, scale of feeding is roughly equal to 5% left and right of every pig body weight altogether, according to the feed intake in early stage, carries out adjusting in right amount.
Feed and the trophic level of table 2 preparation different nutrition levels
*note: in (1) every kg material, need to add copper sulphate 20mg, Potassiumiodate 0.24mg, ferrous sulfate 400mg, manganese sulphate 60mg, sodium selenite 0.50mg, zinc sulphate 200mg, choline 1.20g, vitamin A 3500IU, vitamin D 150IU, vitamin E 40IU, vitamin K 0.6mg, vitamin B2 3.55mg, vitamin B1 1.0mg, vitamin B6 0.8mg, cobalamin 10 μ g, vitamin h 0.3mg, can utilize niacin 12mg, pantothenic acid 10mg, folic acid 1.2mg.
(2) in A ration premix compound, add selectively functional additives such as nucleotide, curcumin; In B daily ration, contain functional additives such as chitosan oligosaccharide, cellulose, probiotic.
Adopt the feed of present embodiment, the feeding experiment result that inventor does shows, experimental group growth pig of the present invention, under the close basis of feed intake, has improved 7.25% compared with control group average daily gain.
Embodiment 2:
A feeding method for the mobilism nutrition of pig body Nutrition and Metabolism, this be the present invention for raising the mode of feeding in the 50kg-80kg stage stage of fattening, the steps include:
1, according to current feeding standard, select raw material, comprise corn, dregs of beans, wheat, wheat bran, corn DDGS, oil chaff, fish meal, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, stone flour, lysine 98, soya-bean oil, sodium bicarbonate, salt etc., premix is by copper, zinc, iron, manganese, iodine, the composition such as amino acid and commercially available vitamin, with reference to current conventional feeding standard national research council (National Research Council, NRC) feeding standard of delivering (1998) and Chinese Pigs feeding standard (2004), the A1 daily ration of the trophic level in preparation fattening of pig stage (feed preparation and the trophic level thereof of different nutrition levels refer to table 2), the nutrient such as crude protein (15.87%), crude fat (4.0%), lysine (0.89%), salt (0.42%) wherein.
2, feed and the trophic level of preparation different nutrition levels, prepare on this basis crude protein, crude fat, the B1 daily ration of the low about 5-30% of nutrient water pancake such as salt, comprise corn (65.9%), dregs of beans (14.2%), corn DDGS (4.2%), oil chaff (3.2%), wheat bran (8.8%), calcium monohydrogen phosphate (1.1%), stone flour (0.9%), arginine (0.3%), sodium bicarbonate (0.1%), salt (0.3%), premix (1.0%) etc. etc., premix is by copper, zinc, iron, manganese, iodine, selenium, the composition such as amino acid and commercially available vitamin, B1 diets of different nutrition level comprises: crude protein (14.85%), crude fat (3.80%), lysine (0.76%), the nutrients such as salt (0.32%) (feed preparation and the trophic level thereof of different nutrition levels refer to table 2).The above premixed feed of preparation comprises the shapes such as powder-material, particulate material, particle and liquid feed thereof.
3, the different daily ration of feeding in the morning and afternoon, material lysine and the arginine with antagonism are separately fed: the A1 daily ration of feeding during 7:00-12:00 in the morning, adds functional additive essential oil (0.01%); The B1 daily ration of feeding during 12:00-21:00 afternoon, functional additive is selected γ-aminobutyric acid (0.02%);
4, the number of times of feeding is reduced to twice every day, or feed more than twice according to the actual conditions of column home and pig number, the morning and afternoon scale of feeding be approximately respectively half left and right of one day total amount, scale of feeding is roughly equal to 5% left and right of every pig body weight altogether, according to the feed intake in early stage, carries out adjusting in right amount.
Adopt the feed of present embodiment, the feeding experiment result that inventor does shows, experimental group growth pig of the present invention, under the close basis of feed intake, has improved 9.17% compared with control group average daily gain.Effectively improve the metabolism utilization ratio of pig body to nutriment.
Claims (2)
1. a feeding method of improving the mobilism nutrition of pig body Nutrition and Metabolism, the steps include:
A, selection raw material, comprise corn, dregs of beans, wheat, wheat bran, corn DDGS, fish meal, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, stone flour, lysine 98, soya-bean oil, sodium bicarbonate, salt, premix is comprised of copper, zinc, iron, manganese, iodine, amino acid and vitamin, the A daily ration of the trophic level of preparation respective stage;
B, feed and the trophic level of preparation different nutrition levels, prepare on this basis crude protein, crude fat, the B daily ration of the low 5-30% of salt nutrient water pancake, B daily ration comprises corn, dregs of beans, wheat, wheat bran, corn DDGS, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, stone flour, lysine 98, arginine, soya-bean oil, sodium bicarbonate, salt, crude protein 10.0-20.0% wherein, crude fat 3.0-3.8%, salt 0.2-0.35%, described raw material is multinomial selection, the raw material of any selection is corn, dregs of beans, wheat bran, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, stone flour, lysine 98, soya-bean oil, sodium bicarbonate, salt raw material is added and equals 100% or corn wherein, dregs of beans, wheat, corn DDGS, stone flour, soya-bean oil, salt raw material is added and equals 100%, 4-6 or 3-5 or 5-7 or 6-10 or 4-11 kind raw material are added and equal 100% arbitrarily, A and the B feed of preparation comprise powder-material, particulate material, particle and liquid feed shape thereof, wherein, the nutriment of antagonism is placed in respectively A and B daily ration mutually,
The different daily ration of feeding in C, the morning and afternoon, the A daily ration of feeding during 7:00-12:00 the morning, functional additive alternative nucleotides 0.01-0.5%, curcumin 0.01-0.5%, essential oil 0.001-0.05% promote the material of body blood circulation; The B daily ration of feeding during 12:00-21:00 afternoon, functional additive selects chitosan oligosaccharide 0.01-1.5%, γ-aminobutyric acid 0.01-0.5% to promote the calm material that improves sleep of body;
D, the number of times every day of feeding are twice, or feed twice or three times according to the actual conditions of column home and pig number, the morning and afternoon scale of feeding be respectively half of one day total amount: the morning and afternoon each 50%, altogether 5% of every pig body weight of scale of feeding, according to the feed intake in early stage, adjust.
2. a kind of feeding method of improving the mobilism nutrition of pig body Nutrition and Metabolism according to claim 1, is characterized in that: feed and the trophic level of described preparation different nutrition levels:
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| CN108185142A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-06-22 | 天津市畜牧兽医研究所 | A kind of diet for improving live pig digestive function and its application |
| CN111118109A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-05-08 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method for evaluating protein nutrition state of live pig individual by using blood biochemical indexes |
| CN111118109B (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2023-08-01 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method for evaluating protein nutrition status of individual live pigs by using blood biochemical indexes |
| WO2022241954A1 (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2022-11-24 | 四川铁骑力士实业有限公司 | Method and formula feed for rationed feeding of chuanzang black pig gestating sow |
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