CN103535580B - 一种补充多种微量元素的保健食品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种补充多种微量元素的保健食品及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103535580B CN103535580B CN201310499950.9A CN201310499950A CN103535580B CN 103535580 B CN103535580 B CN 103535580B CN 201310499950 A CN201310499950 A CN 201310499950A CN 103535580 B CN103535580 B CN 103535580B
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- trace elements
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- gluconate
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Abstract
本发明提出的一种补充多种微量元素的保健食品，由以下重量份数的原料制成：乳酸钙30～40份，乳酸锌20～30份，乳酸镁20～30份，乳酸亚铁10～20份，葡萄糖酸锰1～10份，葡萄糖酸铜1～5份，硒酸酯多糖0.1～1份。本发明科学地将多种微量元素混合在一起，经微波烘干及杀菌，并粉碎成微细粉末，采用了溶解度高、溶解速度快、生物利用率高、口感好的乳酸系列微量元素、葡萄糖酸系列微量元素，有助于人体对微量元素的吸收，减少骨质疏松症的发病率，预防心血管疾病、抗肿瘤、增强新陈代谢、增强机体免疫力，特别是硒可以组成体内抗氧化酶，保护细胞膜免受氧化损伤，保持其通透性，可以降低毒物毒性作用，具有防癌的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及保健食品技术领域，特别是一种补充多种微量元素的保健食品及其制备方法。
背景技术
根据我国营养与健康调查的结果，中国人比较容易缺乏的微量元素是铁、锌、碘和硒。不过，不同的人缺乏微量元素的情况不同。Fe铁容易缺乏的人群——主要是妇女和儿童。铁的主要用途是制造血红细胞和肌红细胞当中的“血红素”。儿童年龄幼小，生长发育很快，血液也在不断扩容，所以需要较多的铁；妇女每个月有一次月经，会损失几十毫升的血液，也需要额外补充一些铁元素。Zn锌容易缺乏的人群——主要是儿童和素食者。如果没有锌，很多蛋白质和酶就会失去活性，人体中细胞分裂、组织修复都不能正常进行。在这样的情况下，孩子无法正常生长发育，成人也不能从疾病和伤痛中迅速康复。儿童阶段，生长发育的任务很重，所以细胞分裂也非常迅速，对锌的需要比较多。如果从小缺锌，儿童可能发生味觉变异的现象，食欲不振，甚至可能爱吃一些不是食品的东西，也就是所谓的“异食癖”。缺锌的孩子个子矮小，生长延缓，男孩子性发育推迟甚至性发育不良。妇女缺锌的时候，受伤很难恢复，食欲不振，肌肤更新困难。硒容易缺乏的人群——主要是某些缺硒地区的居民。硒在身体中的作用主要是抗氧化，它在一种消灭人体内自由基的酶当中担当重要任务。缺乏它的时候可能导致心脏疾病和癌症高发，不过如果吃得过多也会导致毒性。
最近的一次全国营养调查表明，随着中国经济的发展和居民收入的提高，中国居民的膳食结构及生活方式发生了较大变化，由于现代饮食过于精细，很多膳食纤维被过滤掉，同时也将食物中部分微量元素过滤掉，营养全面的食品较少，导致蛋白质、脂肪等营养过剩而微量元素营养不平衡所致的慢性疾病正在增多，中国人群维生素和微量元素摄入不足和不均衡的现象普遍存在。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本发明提出一种补充多种微量元素的保健食品，以补充人体所需的钙、锌、镁、铁、锰、铜、硒等多种微量元素，达到调节人体的微量元素营养平衡的保健功效。
本发明提出的一种补充多种微量元素的保健食品，由以下重量份数的原料制成：乳酸钙30～40份，乳酸锌20～30份，乳酸镁20～30份，乳酸亚铁10～20份，葡萄糖酸锰1～10份，葡萄糖酸铜1～5份，硒酸酯多糖0.1～1份。
本发明科学地将多种微量元素混合在一起，并粉碎成微细粉末，采用了易溶于热水、具有溶解度高、溶解速度快、生物利用率高、口感好的乳酸系列微量元素、葡萄糖酸系列微量元素，有助于人体对微量元素的吸收，减少骨质疏松症的发病率，维持骨骼和牙齿硬度，预防心血管疾病、抗肿瘤、增强新陈代谢的作用，增强机体免疫力，促进血液、中枢神经、免疫系统、头发、皮肤和骨骼组织以及肝、心等内脏器官的发育和功能，特别是硒可以组成体内抗氧化酶，保护细胞膜免受氧化损伤，保持其通透性，可以降低毒物毒性作用，具有防癌的效果。上述几种原料除了各自的作用外，在其糅合在一起形成本保健食品后，还能够有效的促进人体对多种矿物质和微量元素的吸收，调节人体微量元素营养平衡，增强免疫力等作用，且完全无毒副作用。
进一步地，按重量份数如下：所述乳酸钙为30份，所述乳酸锌25份，所述乳酸镁20份，所述乳酸亚铁15份，所述葡萄糖酸锰5.5份，所述葡萄糖酸铜4份，所述硒酸酯多糖0.5份。
进一步地，其水分含量小于7％。
本发明还提出了补充多种微量元素的保健食品的制备方法，由下述步骤制成：
(1)搅拌：将乳酸钙、乳酸锌、乳酸镁、乳酸亚铁、葡萄糖酸锰、葡萄糖酸铜、硒酸酯多糖按所述重量份数配料，投入搅拌机中搅拌均匀成混合原料；
(2)烘干及灭菌：将所述混合原料置入微波干燥器内，使之烘干及灭菌；
(3)粉碎：将烘干及灭菌后的混合原料进行粉碎；
(4)筛分：将粉碎后的混合原料通过100目筛，得细粉；
(5)成型：将所述细粉制成胶囊或片剂或冲剂。
进一步地，在搅拌步骤之前对将乳酸钙、乳酸锌、乳酸镁、乳酸亚铁、葡萄糖酸锰、葡萄糖酸铜、硒酸酯多糖原料进行水分检测。
进一步地，所述烘干及灭菌步骤中，所述混合原料置入微波干燥器内的铺放厚度为2～2.5cm。
进一步地，所述烘干及灭菌的工艺条件是：烘干及灭菌温度为60～80℃。
进一步地，所述烘干及灭菌的时间为4～10分钟。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
本发明运用现代生物技术，以乳酸钙、乳酸锌、乳酸镁、乳酸亚铁、葡萄糖酸锰、葡萄糖酸铜、硒酸酯多糖为主要原料，有效的补充人体钙、锌、镁、铁、锰、铜、硒微量元素，调节人体细胞矿物质和微量元素营养平衡。上述原料可由市场购买，例如：购买由北京嘉康源化工有限公司等生产的产品。
实施例1：对乳酸钙、乳酸锌、乳酸镁、乳酸亚铁、葡萄糖酸锰、葡萄糖酸铜、硒酸酯多糖原料进行水分检测，将符合Q/WHF0029S-2012质量标准的粉状原料按重量份数：乳酸钙30份、乳酸锌25份、乳酸镁20份、乳酸亚铁15份、葡萄糖酸锰5.5份、葡萄糖酸铜4份、硒酸酯多糖0.5份进行配料，投入搅拌机中搅拌均匀成混合原料，再将混合原料按2～2.5cm的厚度均匀铺放在微波干燥器内，在温度60～80℃条件下进行灭菌和烘干，直到烘干后的混合物的水分含量小于7％；然后，将烘干及灭菌后的混合原料进行粉碎，将粉碎后的混合原料通过100目筛，得细粉；最后，将该细粉制成胶囊或片剂或冲剂，或其它种包装产品。
实施例2：对乳酸钙、乳酸锌、乳酸镁、乳酸亚铁、葡萄糖酸锰、葡萄糖酸铜、硒酸酯多糖原料进行水分检测，将符合Q/WHF0029S-2012质量标准的粉状原料按重量份数：乳酸钙35份，乳酸锌30份，乳酸镁30份，乳酸亚铁10份，葡萄糖酸锰1份，葡萄糖酸铜1份，硒酸酯多糖0.1份进行配料，投入搅拌机中搅拌均匀成混合原料，再将混合原料按2～2.5cm的厚度均匀铺放在微波干燥器内，在温度60～80℃条件下进行灭菌和烘干4～10分钟；然后，将烘干及灭菌后的混合原料进行粉碎，将粉碎后的混合原料通过100目筛，得细粉；最后，将该细粉制成胶囊或片剂或冲剂，或其它种包装产品。
实施例3：对乳酸钙、乳酸锌、乳酸镁、乳酸亚铁、葡萄糖酸锰、葡萄糖酸铜、硒酸酯多糖原料进行水分检测，将符合Q/WHF0029S-2012质量标准的粉状原料按重量份数：乳酸钙40份，乳酸锌20份，乳酸镁25份，乳酸亚铁20份，葡萄糖酸锰10份，葡萄糖酸铜3份，硒酸酯多糖1份进行配料，投入搅拌机中搅拌均匀成混合原料，再将混合原料按2～2.5cm的厚度均匀铺放在微波干燥器内，在温度60～80℃条件下进行灭菌和烘干4～10分钟；然后，将烘干及灭菌后的混合原料进行粉碎，将粉碎后的混合原料通过100目筛，得细粉；最后，将该细粉制成胶囊或片剂或冲剂，或其它种包装产品。
实施例4：对乳酸钙、乳酸锌、乳酸镁、乳酸亚铁、葡萄糖酸锰、葡萄糖酸铜、硒酸酯多糖原料进行水分检测，将符合Q/WHF0029S-2012质量标准的粉状原料按重量份数：乳酸钙32份，乳酸锌28份，乳酸镁23份，乳酸亚铁17份，葡萄糖酸锰7份，葡萄糖酸铜2份，硒酸酯多糖0.8份进行配料，投入搅拌机中搅拌均匀成混合原料，再将混合原料按2～2.5cm的厚度均匀铺放在微波干燥器内，在温度60～80℃条件下进行灭菌和烘干4～10分钟；然后，将烘干及灭菌后的混合原料进行粉碎，将粉碎后的混合原料通过100目筛，得细粉；最后，将该细粉制成胶囊或片剂或冲剂，或其它种包装产品。
实施例5：对乳酸钙、乳酸锌、乳酸镁、乳酸亚铁、葡萄糖酸锰、葡萄糖酸铜、硒酸酯多糖原料进行水分检测，将符合Q/WHF0029S-2012质量标准的粉状原料按重量份数：乳酸钙38份，乳酸锌20份，乳酸镁30份，乳酸亚铁10份，葡萄糖酸锰10份，葡萄糖酸铜5份，硒酸酯多糖1份进行配料，投入搅拌机中搅拌均匀成混合原料，再将混合原料按2～2.5cm的厚度均匀铺放在微波干燥器内，在温度60～80℃条件下进行灭菌和烘干4～10分钟；然后，将烘干及灭菌后的混合原料进行粉碎，将粉碎后的混合原料通过100目筛，得细粉；最后，将该细粉制成胶囊或片剂或冲剂，或其它种包装产品。
本发明中，乳酸钙无异味，易溶于热水，具有溶解度高、溶解速度快、生物利用率高、口感好。由于具有呈中性、易溶解、口感好、易吸收等优点，乳酸钙可保持骨骼密度和强度，减少毛细血管的通透性，保持正常的神经肌肉的兴奋性，加强大脑皮层抑制过程。乳酸钙主要用于治疗骨质疏松症、手足抽搐、抽筋、低血钙、过敏症、痉挛和镁中毒等病症。人自20岁起，人体骨质密度即开始缓慢减少，30岁以后减速逐渐加快，从而为骨质疏松症等骨病埋下祸根。此外，缺钙也是导致女性衰老的一大因素，因此补钙对女性来说再重要不过，成年妇女每日至少摄取1000毫克钙，若在怀孕期、哺乳期或绝经期，则须加至1500毫克。
锌是人体中不可缺少的元素，成人体内有锌约2—2.5g，其中眼、毛发、骨骼、男性生殖器官等组织中最高，肾、肝、肌肉中中等。人体血液中的锌有75—85％在红细胞里，3—5％在白细胞中，其余在血浆中。锌执行指挥和监督躯体各种功能的有效运作以及酶系统和细胞的维护，它能指挥肌肉的收缩、帮助形成胰岛素，是稳定血液状态、维持体内酸碱平衡的重要物质，使前列腺正常运作，并且是生殖器官发育的重要物质，是合成DNA的必要物质。乳酸锌是一种性能优良，比较经济的锌质有机强化剂。
镁具有调节神经和肌肉活动、增强耐久力的神奇功能，镁也是高血压、高胆固醇、高血糖的“克星”，它还有助于防治中风、冠心病和糖尿病。镁是一种生物催化剂，可激活三百多个酶系统，催化维持人体正常生命活动的生化反应。心血管疾病，如冠心病、高血压、高血脂、心肌梗塞、糖尿病等多在人到中年之后发生，与体内镁含量降低有关。一般成年人每日对镁的需求量，男性为350毫克，女性为300毫克，如果缺镁，可导致肌肉无力，耐久力降低。由于运动，特别是长时间高强度运动大量消耗体内的镁，从而降低肌肉的活动功能，甚至还会发生抽搐、痉挛等。乳酸镁是一种性能优良，比较经济的镁质有机强化剂。
铁是人体含量的必需微量元素，人体内铁的总量约4—5克，是血红蛋白的重要部分，人全身都需要它，这种矿物质而已存在于向肌肉供给氧气的红细胞中，还是许多酶和免疫系统化合物的成分，人体从食物中摄取所需的大部分铁，并小心控制着铁含量。血液里流动的太多的自由铁不仅无助于抵抗能力，不能保护人的肌体，反而会被细菌吞噬，成为细菌的美食，并且细菌会因此而大量地繁殖。乳酸亚铁吸收率较高，可作为铁元素的补充剂。
锰是几种酶系统包括锰特异性的糖基转移酶和磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶的一个成分,并为正常骨结构所必需，在非精制的谷类食物中，绿叶蔬菜和茶，锰元素的通常摄入量为每天2～5mg，吸收率为5％～10％。锰广泛分布于生物圈内，但是人体内含量甚微。成年人体内锰的总量约为200-400umol，分布在身体各种组织和体液中。骨、肝、胰、肾中锰浓度较高；脑、心、肺和肌肉中锰的浓度低于20nmol/g；全血和血清中的锰浓度分别为200nmol/L和20nmol/L。锰在线粒体中的浓度高于在细胞浆或其它细胞器中的浓度，所以线粒体多的组织锰浓度较高。锰在体内一部分作为金属酶的组成成分，一部分作为酶的激活剂起作用。葡萄糖酸锰，可激活大量的酶，参与机体代谢活动，促进人体生长和正常的成骨作用，缺乏时可引起生长迟缓，生殖功能变阻，是良好的食品强化剂。
铜对于血液、中枢神经和免疫系统，头发、皮肤和骨骼组织以及肝、心等内脏的发育和功能有重要影响。铜主要从日常饮食中摄入。铜在人体内含量约100～150mg，血清铜正常值100～120μg/dl。含铜的酶有酪氨酸酶、单胺氧化酶、超氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶、血铜蓝蛋白等。铜对血红蛋白的形成起活化作用，促进铁的吸收和利用，在传递电子、弹性蛋白的合成、结缔组织的代谢、嘌呤代谢、磷脂及神经组织形成方面有重要意义。铜缺乏可引起如下疾病：一般最常见的临床表现为头晕、乏力、易倦、耳鸣、眼花，皮肤黏膜及指甲等颜色苍白，体力活动后感觉气促、心悸。
硒是动物和人体中抗氧化酶谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和硒-P蛋白的重要组成部分，在体内起着平衡氧化还原氛围的作用，具有提高动物免疫力作用，目前，中国营养学会推荐的成人摄入量为每日50-250微克，而我国2/3地区硒摄入量低于最低推荐值。硒的作用主要是两个：第一、组成体内抗氧化酶，能提到保护细胞膜免受氧化损伤，保持其通透性；第二、硒-P蛋白具有螯合重金属等毒物，降低毒物毒性作用。硒酸酯多糖，系由硒(Se)与天然产物硫酸多糖通过化学合成而形成的含水量硒的生物活性多糖，可帮助构成谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶分解体内过氧化物，保护和稳定细胞膜，防止细胞膜变性；能刺激免疫球蛋白的产生，促进T淋蛋细胞增殖；逆转细胞突变；保护骨髓造血功能。硒酸酯多糖集有机硒与多糖诸多生理功能于一身。硒酸酯多糖能选择性地抑制肿瘤细胞增殖蛋白质的合成和DNA复制，从而起到抑癌作用。能调控增殖和分裂癌基因的表达，使癌细胞行为向正常转化；同时可抑制与细胞癌变密切相关的蛋白激酶C的活性，从而有效的抑制癌细胞内蛋白质合成、DNA复制癌细胞的生长。人体代谢的过程中会产生许多活性很强的氧化物，统称自由基。自由基及脂质过氧化物参与了病毒性肝炎的病理过程，使肝脏超微结构发生病理性改变，导致肝细胞变性、坏死，而硒酸酯多糖能增强分布在肝细胞液和线粒体中的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性，清除自由基及脂质过氧化物，加速肝功能改善，达到保护肝的目的。硒酸酯多糖能有效地消除清除自由基，从而保护心脏，防治心脑血管病变。含硒的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶可减轻视网膜上的氧化损伤。人视网膜含硒7ug，而视力敏锐的鹰视网膜含量高达700ug。西酸酯多糖能有效防治青年近视和老年白内障。硒与金属有很强的亲和力，它在人体内同金属结合能形成金属－－硒－－蛋白质复合物，通过这种方式将有毒害的金属元素始铅、汞、镉、砷、银等排出体外。硒酸酯多糖能抑制机体各种细胞膜上不饱和脂肪酸的氧化，其抗氧化的最高能力是维生素E的500倍。硒酸酯多糖能促进淋巴胞产生抗体，使血液免疫球蛋白水平增高或维持正常，增强机体对疫苗或其它抗原产生抗体的能力。硒能增强淋巴细胞转化和迟发型变态反应(DTH)，缺硒时淋巴细胞对有丝分裂原刺激的反应能力下降，而补硒能促进吞噬细胞的功能。缺硒时动物多形核白细胞(PMN)杀菌力下降。爱滋病人血硒水平及活性增色显著低下，其体内硒的含量远远低于正常人群，服食有机硒制品是防治爱滋病的有效方法。因此硒酸酯多糖可提高人体的细胞和体液免疫功能，增强机体对疾病的抵抗力。随着年龄的增长，体内硒和其它抗氧化物质(如：谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶)作用减弱，脂质过氧化反应强烈，过氧化脂质(LPO)对细胞膜、核酸、蛋白质和酶以及线粒体的功能破坏，导致不可逆损伤，这种作用长期累积，促使机体衰老。所以，老年人经常膳用富硒食品及饮料，随时补硒，可使常见的以脑血管疾病、白内障及退行性病变得以预防，达到延年益寿之目的。年纪越大，体质越差者，效果越明显。硒与黄体生成素释放激素(LHRH)、性腺(睾酮)轴有关，并且参与前列腺素(PG)的合成，在精子发生过程中也具有一定作用。美国最新的研究表明，硒与女性受精有关，而且能通过胎盘进入胎儿，因此硒酸酯多糖对正常生育和胎儿的正常发育有良好影响；缺硒女性会导致受孕率降低，胎衣滞留，子宫炎的发病率升高。男性也需要经常补充有机硒，因为供给体内的有机硒几乎半数都集中在男性的输精管中，硒也会随精液一起排出体外；缺硒男性易导致生精过程受阻，精子活力降低，易发生死精、畸形精和数目减少，诱发男性不育。吸烟人易患肺癌，与不吸烟人比较，微核淋巴出现率明显提高，血硒水平降低。临床证明：肺癌患者服用硒酸酯多糖后，就可以使微淋巴出现率降低，减轻或消除吸烟对人体造成的损伤。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种补充多种微量元素的保健食品，其特征在于，由以下重量份数的原料制成：乳酸钙30～40份，乳酸锌20～30份，乳酸镁20～30份，乳酸亚铁10～20份，葡萄糖酸锰1～10份，葡萄糖酸铜1～5份，硒酸酯多糖0.1～1份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的补充多种微量元素的保健食品，其特征在于，按重量份数如下：所述乳酸钙为30份，所述乳酸锌25份，所述乳酸镁20份，所述乳酸亚铁15份，所述葡萄糖酸锰5.5份，所述葡萄糖酸铜4份，所述硒酸酯多糖0.5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的补充多种微量元素的保健食品，其特征在于，其水分含量小于7％。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一所述的补充多种微量元素的保健食品的制备方法，其特征在于，由下述步骤制成：
(1)搅拌：将乳酸钙、乳酸锌、乳酸镁、乳酸亚铁、葡萄糖酸锰、葡萄糖酸铜、硒酸酯多糖按所述重量份数配料，投入搅拌机中搅拌均匀成混合原料；
(2)烘干及灭菌：将所述混合原料置入微波干燥器内，使之烘干及灭菌；
(3)粉碎：将烘干及灭菌后的混合原料进行粉碎；
(4)筛分：将粉碎后的混合原料通过100目筛，得细粉；
(5)成型：将所述细粉制成胶囊或片剂或冲剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的补充多种微量元素的保健食品的制备方法，其特征在于，在搅拌步骤之前对将乳酸钙、乳酸锌、乳酸镁、乳酸亚铁、葡萄糖酸锰、葡萄糖酸铜、硒酸酯多糖原料进行水分检测。
6.根据权利要求4所述的补充多种微量元素的保健食品的制备方法，其特征在于，所述烘干及灭菌步骤中，所述混合原料置入微波干燥器内的铺放厚度为2～2.5cm。
7.根据权利要求6所述的补充多种微量元素的保健食品的制备方法，其特征在于，所述烘干及灭菌的工艺条件是：烘干及灭菌温度为60～80℃。
8.根据权利要求7所述的补充多种微量元素的保健食品的制备方法，其特征在于，所述烘干及灭菌的时间为4～10分钟。
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