CN103518451A - Efficient mechanical topdressing method for rice field in cold region - Google Patents
Efficient mechanical topdressing method for rice field in cold region Download PDFInfo
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- CN103518451A CN103518451A CN201310494899.2A CN201310494899A CN103518451A CN 103518451 A CN103518451 A CN 103518451A CN 201310494899 A CN201310494899 A CN 201310494899A CN 103518451 A CN103518451 A CN 103518451A
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Abstract
The invention provides an efficient mechanical topdressing method for rice field in a cold region and relates to a mechanical topdressing method. The invention is mainly used for solving the problems that fertilizer in the existing rice seedling transplanting and fertilizing machine absorbs moisture in a topdressing process, moistened fertilizer can easily block a fertilizer applying pipe and normal mechanical topdressing is difficultly carried out and the problems that topdressing frequency is high and topdressing effect is poor in the traditional topdressing process. The efficient mechanical topdressing method for the rice field in the cold region is realized by the following steps: firstly, preparing a bulk blending fertilizer, wherein the bulk blending fertilizer is composed of a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and a controlled release nitrogen fertilizer; secondly, the bulk blending fertilizer is applied when a rice seedling transplanting machine is used for transplanting rice seedlings. According to the efficient mechanical topdressing method for the rice field in the cold region, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer are mechanically topdressed in one step when the rice seedlings are transplanted, the problems that fertilizer absorbs moisture, moistened fertilizer blocks the fertilizer applying pipe and normal mechanical topdressing is difficultly carried out are solved, and the bulk blending fertilizer containing the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is topdressed in one step, so that the requirement of rice on nitrogen from a rice seedling transplanting period to a mature period is met; meanwhile, fertilizer is applied in one step by adopting the rice seedling transplanting and fertilizing machine, so that fertilization is simplified and efficient. The efficient mechanical topdressing method for the rice field in the cold region is applied to the agricultural technical field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mechanization topdressing method.
Background technology
Nitrogen is one of critical limitation factor of crop yield raising.How making nitrogen application and crop need nitrogen to match is the focus of studying both at home and abroad.In order to realize high crop yield, the target of nutrition efficient, international plant nutrition research institute has proposed the best nutrient management principle of " 4R ".When fertilising, definite total amount of science; Execute in best period; Select the suitableeest kind; Execute in place.At present, the best nutrient administrative skill that the U.S. is representative of take has in the world realized " 4R " principle substantially, and domestic also there is a big difference.The mechanization degree particularly applying fertilizer in China's Rice Production is minimum, and mostly base manure is to spread fertilizer over the fields behind the whole ground of water, and then rotary tillage, cannot really accomplish the deep placement of nitrogenous fertilizer.Chasing after nitrogen is just top application completely, this fertilization mode causes nitrogen to lose in a large number, and also there is the irregular problem of Term Fertilization in artificially applying fertilizer, cause partial fertilizer excessive or not enough, bring very large difficulty to farmland standardized management, become the key issue that restriction rice yield and nitrogen efficiency further improve.
Although existing rice transplanting fertilizer distributor can carry out machinery, topdress, the easy moisture absorption of urea in the process of topdressing, easily stops up fertilising pipe after fertilizer deliquescence, become the main limiting factor of mechanization top dressing technique application.More crucial, using of rice field ear manuer can only be by manually completing, and this has become the bottleneck problem of Paddy fields mechanization.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is in order to solve the easy moisture absorption of existing rice transplanting fertilizer distributor fertilizer in the process of topdressing, after deliquescence, easily stopping up fertilising pipe causes machinery to topdress being difficult to normally carry out, and traditional problem of weak effect often of topdressing, and the cold region rice efficient mechanical topdressing method providing.
Cold region rice efficient mechanical topdressing method is to realize according to the following steps:
One, the preparation of bulk blended fertilizer: bulk blended fertilizer is comprised of instant nitrogenousfertilizer and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, instant nitrogenousfertilizer 80kg/ha~120kg/ha, Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer is 60kg/ha~100kg/ha, wherein instant nitrogenousfertilizer is comprised of amidonitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and zinc fertilizer, the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen and amidonitrogen is 1:(0.9~1.1), in Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, the mass fraction of nitrogen is 35%~45%, and in zinc fertilizer, zinc element accounts for 0.3%~0.5% of bulk blended fertilizer quality;
Two, use bulk blended fertilizer: in rice transplanting, use bulk blended fertilizer, specifically carry out in the steps below: the bulk blended fertilizer that preparation in step 1 is obtained is placed in the fertilizer groove of rice transplanting fertilizer distributor, rice transplanting fertilizer distributor adopts side deep fertilizing method to apply fertilizer.
First the present invention changes the formulation of fertilizer, the bulk blended fertilizer of no longer directly applying urea or containing urea, and use, contain the bulk blended fertilizer that the instant nitrogenousfertilizer that formed by amidonitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and zinc fertilizer granulation and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer form, the ratio of this detecting ammonium nitrogen in fertilizer and amidonitrogen is 1:(0.9~1.1), so both can effectively solve the problem of fertilizer deliquescence in the process of topdressing, can effectively control the pH value of rice field water layer again, reduce nitrogen loss; Use simultaneously a certain proportion of Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer (in Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer the quality of nitrogen element account for rice transplanting to the total nitrogen element quality of executing in maturation 25%~40%), 60d~the 90d of the bulk blended fertilizer that the present invention prepares after rice transplanting still can discharge a certain proportion of nitrogen, thereby played the effect of using ear manuer.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: when 1, cold region rice efficient mechanical top dressing technique of the present invention adopts rice transplanting, one-time mechanical chases after the method for instant nitrogenousfertilizer and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, has solved and has stopped up fertilising pipe after fertilizer moisture absorption, deliquescence and cause machinery to topdress being difficult to the problem of normally carrying out.2, the method that the present invention's disposable machinery when rice transplanting chases after instant nitrogenousfertilizer and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer can also reach with tradition and impose the effect that ear manuer is identical, meet the paddy rice demand to nitrogen throughout one's life, no longer impose ear manuer, the real mechanization of having accomplished Paddy fields, adopts rice transplanting fertilizer distributor single fertilization to make simple to operateization of applying fertilizer.Although the Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer that 3 the present invention use can increase cost, to compare with the cost of employing artificially applying fertilizer in traditional Paddy fields process 2~3 times, cost of the present invention does not increase, so this technology does not increase production cost.4, compare with 2~3 top dressing techniques of traditional paddy rice, the present invention's disposable machinery when rice transplanting chases after instant nitrogenousfertilizer and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, can improve rice yield 10%~15%, increases by 20 percentage points of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, can make every mu to increase income more than 100 yuan.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: cold region rice efficient mechanical topdressing method in present embodiment is to carry out according to the following steps:
One, the preparation of bulk blended fertilizer: bulk blended fertilizer is comprised of instant nitrogenousfertilizer and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, instant nitrogenousfertilizer 80kg/ha~120kg/ha, Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer is 60kg/ha~100kg/ha, wherein instant nitrogenousfertilizer is comprised of amidonitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and zinc fertilizer, the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen and amidonitrogen is 1:(0.9~1.1), in Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, the mass fraction of nitrogen is 35%~45%, and in zinc fertilizer, zinc element accounts for 0.3%~0.5% of bulk blended fertilizer quality;
Two, use bulk blended fertilizer: in rice transplanting, use bulk blended fertilizer, specifically carry out in the steps below: the bulk blended fertilizer that preparation in step 1 is obtained is placed in the fertilizer groove of rice transplanting fertilizer distributor, rice transplanting fertilizer distributor adopts side deep fertilizing method to apply fertilizer.
Embodiment two: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: the quality of the nitrogen element in the bulk blended fertilizer described in step 1 accounts for rice transplanting to 50%~65% of the total nitrogen element quality of executing in maturation.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: present embodiment and embodiment one or twos' difference is: the amidonitrogen described in step 1 is urea.Other is identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment four: the difference of one of present embodiment and embodiment one to three is: the ammonium nitrogen described in step 1 be one or both in ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride by any than forming.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment five: present embodiment and embodiment one or fours' difference is: the zinc fertilizer described in step 1 is zinc sulphate.Other is identical with embodiment one or four.
Embodiment six: present embodiment and embodiment one or fives' difference is: in the Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer described in step 1, the quality of nitrogen element accounts for rice transplanting to 25%~40% of the total nitrogen element quality of executing in maturation.Other is identical with embodiment one or five.
Embodiment seven: present embodiment and embodiment one or sixs' difference is: the controlled release phase of the Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer described in step 1 is 60d~90d.Other is identical with embodiment one or six.
Embodiment eight: the difference of one of present embodiment and embodiment one to seven is: the Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer described in step 1 is resin coated urea or polyurethane coated urea.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to seven.
Embodiment nine: the difference of one of present embodiment and embodiment one to eight is: the rice transplanting fertilizer distributor described in step 2 is Jing Guan high speed rice transplanting fertilizer distributor.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to eight.
Embodiment ten: the difference of one of present embodiment and embodiment one to nine is: the side deep fertilizing method described in step 2, specifically realize by the following method: the horizontal range that makes fertilizer and rice seedlings is 3cm~5cm, and the distance of fertilizer and soil surface is 3cm~5cm.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to nine.
Embodiment 11: the difference of one of present embodiment and embodiment one to ten is: the side deep fertilizing method described in step 2, specifically realize by the following method: the horizontal range that makes fertilizer and rice seedlings is 3cm, and the distance of fertilizer and soil surface is 3cm~5cm.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to ten.
By following confirmatory experiment, verify beneficial effect of the present invention:
Confirmatory experiment one: a kind of cold region rice efficient mechanical topdressing method in present embodiment is to carry out according to the following steps:
One, the preparation of bulk blended fertilizer: bulk blended fertilizer is comprised of instant nitrogenousfertilizer and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, instant nitrogenousfertilizer 80kg/ha, Controlled Release Fertilizer is 85kg/ha, wherein instant nitrogenousfertilizer is comprised of amidonitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and zinc fertilizer, the mass ratio of amidonitrogen and ammonium nitrogen is 1:1, in Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, nitrogen content 42%~44%, and wherein in zinc fertilizer, zinc element accounts for 0.5% of bulk blended fertilizer quality.
Two, use bulk blended fertilizer: in rice transplanting, use bulk blended fertilizer, specifically carry out in the steps below: the bulk blended fertilizer that preparation in step 1 is obtained is placed in the fertilizer groove of rice transplanting fertilizer distributor, rice transplanting fertilizer distributor adopts side deep fertilizing method to apply fertilizer.
Wherein the amidonitrogen described in this demonstration test step 1 is urea, and ammonium nitrogen is ammonium sulfate, and zinc fertilizer is zinc sulphate, and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer is resin coated urea.
Side deep fertilizing method described in this demonstration test step 2, specifically realizes: the horizontal range that makes fertilizer and rice seedlings is 3cm, and the distance of fertilizer and soil surface is 3~5cm by the following method.
When in this confirmatory experiment, cold region rice efficient mechanical top dressing technique adopts rice transplanting, one-time mechanical chases after the method for instant nitrogenousfertilizer and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, has solved to stop up fertilising pipe after fertilizer moisture absorption, deliquescence and cause machinery to topdress being difficult to the problem of normally carrying out; Simultaneously, this confirmatory experiment adopts rice transplanting fertilizer distributor disposable bulk blended fertilizer applying when rice transplanting to meet the paddy rice demand to nitrogen throughout one's life, later stage no longer topdresses, really accomplished the mechanization of Paddy fields, realized the target of cold region rice high-yield and high-efficiency, topdressed for 2~3 times and compare with traditional paddy rice, this experiment disposable machinery when rice transplanting chases after instant nitrogenousfertilizer and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, can improve 20 percentage points of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, make increasing production of rice 15%, therefore every mu increases income more than 100 yuan.
Claims (7)
1. cold region rice efficient mechanical topdressing method, is characterized in that cold region rice efficient mechanical topdressing method, is to realize according to the following steps:
One, the preparation of bulk blended fertilizer: bulk blended fertilizer is comprised of instant nitrogenousfertilizer and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, instant nitrogenousfertilizer 80kg/ha~120kg/ha, Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer is 60kg/ha~100kg/ha, wherein instant nitrogenousfertilizer is comprised of amidonitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and zinc fertilizer, the mass ratio of ammonium nitrogen and amidonitrogen is 1:(0.9~1.1), in Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer, the mass fraction of nitrogen is 35%~45%, and in zinc fertilizer, zinc element accounts for 0.3%~0.5% of bulk blended fertilizer quality;
Two, use bulk blended fertilizer: in rice transplanting, use bulk blended fertilizer, specifically carry out in the steps below: the bulk blended fertilizer that preparation in step 1 is obtained is placed in the fertilizer groove of rice transplanting fertilizer distributor, rice transplanting fertilizer distributor adopts side deep fertilizing method to apply fertilizer.
2. cold region rice efficient mechanical topdressing method according to claim 1, the quality that it is characterized in that nitrogen element in the bulk blended fertilizer described in step 1 accounts for rice transplanting to 50%~65% of the total nitrogen element quality of executing in maturation.
3. cold region rice efficient mechanical topdressing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the amidonitrogen described in step 1 is urea.
4. cold region rice efficient mechanical topdressing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the ammonium nitrogen described in step 1 be one or both in ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride by any than forming.
5. cold region rice efficient mechanical topdressing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the zinc fertilizer described in step 1 is zinc sulphate.
6. cold region rice efficient mechanical topdressing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer described in step 1 is is the Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer of 60d~90d the controlled release phase, wherein said Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer is resin coated urea or polyurethane coated urea.
7. cold region rice efficient mechanical topdressing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the depth measurement fertilizing method described in step 2, specifically realize by the following method: the horizontal range that makes fertilizer and rice seedlings is 3cm~5cm, and the distance of fertilizer and soil surface is 3cm~5cm.
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN104145587A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-11-19 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Fertilizing method for high-efficiently utilizing nitrogen fertilizer on southern double-season rice |
CN105052645A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-11-18 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | Efficient rice cultivation method for achieving double-side double-depth classification fertilizing and double-row mechanical transplanting on ridge |
CN105294364A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-02-03 | 山东茂施生态肥料有限公司 | Novel controlled-release rice topdressing composition and preparation method thereof |
CN105723906A (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2016-07-06 | 四川农业大学 | PASP nitrogen fertilizer mixed application method for hybrid rice |
CN106857130A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-06-20 | 中国水稻研究所 | Rice mechanical transplanting single-dose application method |
CN106888659A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-06-27 | 中国水稻研究所 | Paddy rice single-dose application method |
CN107484454A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2017-12-19 | 东北农业大学 | Cold region rice stalk optimizes returning to the field method |
CN107896881A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-04-13 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of light simplified cultivation method of rice |
CN108739170A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-11-06 | 岳西县悠然生态农业有限公司 | A method of cooperateing with side deep fertilizing for the machine transplanting of rice during Rice Cropping |
CN109824428A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-31 | 中化化肥有限公司临沂农业研发中心 | Dedicated polyurethane controlled release bulk blended fertilizer of rice side deep fertilizing and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (12)
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CN104145587A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-11-19 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Fertilizing method for high-efficiently utilizing nitrogen fertilizer on southern double-season rice |
CN104145587B (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2016-03-23 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of fertilizing method of southern double cropping paddy rice efficiency utilization nitrogenous fertilizer |
CN105052645A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-11-18 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | Efficient rice cultivation method for achieving double-side double-depth classification fertilizing and double-row mechanical transplanting on ridge |
CN105294364A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-02-03 | 山东茂施生态肥料有限公司 | Novel controlled-release rice topdressing composition and preparation method thereof |
CN105723906A (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2016-07-06 | 四川农业大学 | PASP nitrogen fertilizer mixed application method for hybrid rice |
CN105723906B (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2018-11-20 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of mixed applying method of hybrid paddy rice PASP nitrogenous fertilizer |
CN106888659A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-06-27 | 中国水稻研究所 | Paddy rice single-dose application method |
CN106857130A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-06-20 | 中国水稻研究所 | Rice mechanical transplanting single-dose application method |
CN107484454A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2017-12-19 | 东北农业大学 | Cold region rice stalk optimizes returning to the field method |
CN107896881A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-04-13 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of light simplified cultivation method of rice |
CN108739170A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-11-06 | 岳西县悠然生态农业有限公司 | A method of cooperateing with side deep fertilizing for the machine transplanting of rice during Rice Cropping |
CN109824428A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-31 | 中化化肥有限公司临沂农业研发中心 | Dedicated polyurethane controlled release bulk blended fertilizer of rice side deep fertilizing and preparation method thereof |
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