CN113563127A - Application method of special fertilizer for regulating and controlling nitrogen-controlling phosphorus-promoting root zone of drip irrigation cotton - Google Patents
Application method of special fertilizer for regulating and controlling nitrogen-controlling phosphorus-promoting root zone of drip irrigation cotton Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to an application method of a special fertilizer for regulating and controlling a nitrogen-controlling and phosphorus-promoting root zone of drip irrigation cotton. The special fertilizer for regulating and controlling the nitrogen-controlling and phosphorus-promoting root zone of the drip irrigation cotton comprises a special fertilizer for seedling emergence water, a special fertilizer for bud period, a special fertilizer for flower period and a special fertilizer for boll period. According to the invention, the conventional water-soluble fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mixed into a whole is changed into the easily-fixed fertilizer group and the easily-migrated group according to the solubility of different nutrients and the moving characteristics of the fertilizer in soil, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are reasonably distributed around the cotton root system by adopting the mode of entering the irrigation and fertilization system at different time, so that the fixation of a phosphate fertilizer and the gaseous loss and leaching loss of a nitrogen fertilizer are reduced compared with the conventional water-soluble fertilizer, and the problem of water-fertilizer-root synergy in the cotton growth process is effectively solved.
Description
The application is a divisional application with application date of 11/04/2018, application number of 201810323119.0 and invention name of 'a special fertilizer for regulating and controlling nitrogen-controlling and phosphorus-promoting root zone of drip irrigation cotton and an application method thereof'.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to an application method of a special fertilizer for regulating and controlling a nitrogen-controlling and phosphorus-promoting root zone of drip irrigation cotton.
Background
Xinjiang cotton production plays a significant role in the development of the cotton industry in China, and the quality advantage of original cotton is weakened due to the fact that large-area mechanical picking of cotton is carried out at present, so that the quality competitiveness of the original cotton in the international market is seriously influenced, and the market share is reduced. With the influence of national cotton production region layout and national food safety policy guarantee, the strategic position of Xinjiang cotton production will be more prominent in the future, and the significance of ensuring the efficient and sustainable development of cotton is important. With the development of modern agriculture, chemical fertilizers are widely applied to agricultural production. The factors for the growth and development of cotton are soil, light, temperature, air, moisture and nutrients. Under the condition of natural growth of cotton, three factors of illumination, temperature, air and the like are still temporarily difficult to regulate and control under the current field cultivation condition, and the three factors of soil, moisture and nutrients can be regulated and controlled according to the requirements of cotton growth and development and the high-quality, high-yield and high-efficiency aims of cotton production.
The drip irrigation and water fertilization technology (also called water and fertilizer integration technology) dissolves the fertilizer into the fertilization container, and the fertilizer and irrigation water enter the root zone of the crops along the pipeline through a dripper. Drip irrigation water is directly dripped into soil near the roots of crops by a dripper to form an ellipsoidal or spherical wetting body in a cotton root area; due to the characteristic that the drip irrigation is applied along with water, nutrients are also intensively distributed in a moist body formed by dripping water, however, the migration distance and speed of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in soil are different, and urea is easy to migrate along with water after the drip irrigation is applied; the phosphate fertilizer is easy to be adsorbed and fixed by soil, and the mobility is weaker than that of nitrogen; potassium is less mobile than nitrogen and more mobile than phosphorus. Due to the moving characteristics of irrigation quantity and different molecular weights of fertilizer elements, five conditions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium distribution in a root zone comprise that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium do not reach the root zone, nitrogen reaches the root zone and phosphorus and potassium do not reach the root zone, nitrogen and potassium reach the root zone and cannot reach a phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen and potassium exceed the root zone and just reach the phosphate fertilizer, but the most ideal mode is that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are all in the root zone. Therefore, under the same migration time and irrigation quantity, different migration speeds often cause inconsistency between a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium distribution area and cotton root distribution, so that absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is not facilitated, and the improvement of water and fertilizer efficiency and the yield increase of crops are inhibited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides an application method of a special fertilizer for regulating and controlling a nitrogen-controlling and phosphorus-promoting root zone of drip irrigation cotton.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is implemented according to the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a special fertilizer for regulating and controlling a nitrogen-controlling and phosphorus-promoting root zone of drip irrigation cotton, which comprises a special fertilizer for seedling emergence water, a special fertilizer for a bud period, a special fertilizer for a flowering period and a special fertilizer for a boll period;
the special water-based fertilizer for seedling emergence comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-45 parts of urea phosphate, 10-15 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 40-45 parts of potassium humate, 5-15 parts of potassium nitrate and 0.2-1 part of sodium naphthylacetate;
the special fertilizer for the bud period consists of an easily-fixed group fertilizer special for the bud period and an easily-moved group fertilizer special for the bud period;
the special easy-to-fix fertilizer composition for the bud period comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-55 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 38-42 parts of potassium sulfate, 5-8 parts of amino acid zinc and 5-10 parts of magnesium sulfate;
the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer composition for the bud period comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55-75 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 5-10 parts of urea phosphate, 20-35 parts of potassium chloride and 1-3 parts of ammonium molybdate;
the special fertilizer for the flowering phase consists of an easily-fixed group fertilizer special for the flowering phase and an easily-moved group fertilizer special for the flowering phase;
the special easily-fixed fertilizer composition for the flowering phase comprises the following components in parts by weight: 42-45 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 45-55 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-5 parts of amino acid zinc and 5-10 parts of magnesium sulfate;
the special easy-to-migrate component fertilizer for the flowering phase comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55-60 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 25-35 parts of potassium chloride, 4-6 parts of borax, 1-3 parts of manganese sulfate and 1-3 parts of ammonium molybdate;
the special fertilizer for the bell period consists of an easy-to-fix fertilizer group special for the bell period and an easy-to-migrate fertilizer group special for the bell period;
the special easy-to-fix fertilizer composition for the bell period comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 18-23 parts of potassium sulfate, 1-3 parts of potassium phosphite, 1-4 parts of amino acid zinc and 1-3 parts of magnesium sulfate;
the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer composition for the bell period comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-75 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 13-22 parts of potassium chloride, 1-3 parts of borax, 2-5 parts of manganese sulfate and 1-2 parts of potassium phosphite.
The invention also provides an application method of the special fertilizer for regulating and controlling the nitrogen-controlling and phosphorus-promoting root zone of the drip irrigation cotton, wherein the following fertilizer application amounts are application amounts of cotton per mu, and specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) after the cotton is sowed, applying a seedling emergence water special fertilizer;
the special water-based fertilizer for seedling emergence comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-45 parts of urea phosphate, 10-15 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 40-45 parts of potassium humate, 5-15 parts of potassium nitrate and 0.2-1 part of sodium naphthylacetate;
the application method of the seedling emergence water special fertilizer comprises the following steps: after cotton sowing is finished, avoiding the weather process, carrying out drip irrigation on clear water for 30 minutes, adding 2.0-3 kg of special fertilizer for seedling emergence water into a drip irrigation system until the special fertilizer for seedling emergence water is completely drip-irrigated, controlling the drip irrigation water amount, enabling the wetting front to exceed the cotton sowing row by 10cm, and enabling the drip irrigation water amount to be not less than 15m3Not higher than 30m3；
(2) After cotton seedlings emerge, applying special fertilizer for the bud period;
the special fertilizer for the bud period consists of an easily-fixed group fertilizer special for the bud period and an easily-moved group fertilizer special for the bud period;
the special easy-to-fix fertilizer composition for the bud period comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-55 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 38-42 parts of potassium sulfate, 5-8 parts of amino acid zinc and 5-10 parts of magnesium sulfate;
the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer composition for the bud period comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55-75 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 5-10 parts of urea phosphate, 20-35 parts of potassium chloride and 1-3 parts of ammonium molybdate;
the application method of the special fertilizer for the bud period comprises the following steps: after cotton seedlings emerge, delaying the time of carrying out primary clear water drip irrigation, carrying out primary clear water drip irrigation in the 6 th day of a normal cotton field, carrying out primary clear water drip irrigation in a cotton field when flowers appear in a vigorous seedling, and carrying out primary clear water drip irrigation in a cotton field in advance when weak seedlings or soil moisture content is insufficient; then, drip irrigation with clear water for the second time, and simultaneously apply special fertilizers for the bud period: applying the special fertilizer for the bud period during the second drip irrigation of clear water, firstly carrying out the second drip irrigation of clear water for 90 minutes, then adding 2.5-5 kg of the special easily-fixed group fertilizer for the bud period in the special fertilizer for the bud period into a drip irrigation system, carrying out the drip irrigation for 120 minutes, then adding 4.5-6.5 kg of the special easily-moved group fertilizer for the bud period in the special fertilizer for the bud period into the drip irrigation system, and continuing the drip irrigation of the clear water for more than 60 minutes until all the special easily-moved group fertilizer for the bud period is completely drip-irrigated;
(3) applying a special fertilizer for three flowering periods from the initial flowering period to the full flowering period of cotton;
the special fertilizer for the flowering phase consists of an easily-fixed group fertilizer special for the flowering phase and an easily-moved group fertilizer special for the flowering phase;
the special easily-fixed fertilizer composition for the flowering phase comprises the following components in parts by weight: 42-45 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 45-55 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-5 parts of amino acid zinc and 5-10 parts of magnesium sulfate;
the special easy-to-migrate component fertilizer for the flowering phase comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55-60 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 25-35 parts of potassium chloride, 4-6 parts of borax, 1-3 parts of manganese sulfate and 1-3 parts of ammonium molybdate;
the method for applying the special fertilizer for the flowering phase for the first time comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out drip irrigation on clear water for 60 minutes, and then adding 3.5-5.5 kg of special easily-fixed fertilizer in the flowering phase in the special fertilizer for the flowering phase into a drip irrigation system; after 90 minutes, adding 3.5-6.5 kg of the special easy-to-migrate component fertilizer for the flowering phase in the special fertilizer for the flowering phase into a drip irrigation system, and continuing to drip irrigation with clear water for 60-90 minutes after the fertilizer is completely drip-irrigated;
the method for applying the special fertilizer for the flowering phase for the second time comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out drip irrigation on clear water for 40 minutes, and then adding 4-5 kg of special easily-fixed group fertilizers for the flowering phase in the special fertilizers for the flowering phase into a drip irrigation system; after 120 minutes, adding 4-5 kg of special easy-to-migrate component fertilizer for the flowering phase in the special fertilizer for the flowering phase into a drip irrigation system, and continuing to drip irrigation with clear water for more than 60 minutes after the fertilizer is completely drip-irrigated;
the method for applying the special fertilizer for the flowering phase for the third time comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out drip irrigation on clear water for 40 minutes, and then adding 4.5-6 kg of special easily-fixed group fertilizers for the flowering phase in the special fertilizers for the flowering phase into a drip irrigation system; after 120 minutes, adding 4-5.5 kg of the special easy-to-migrate component fertilizer for the flowering phase in the special fertilizer for the flowering phase into a drip irrigation system, and continuing to drip irrigation with clear water for more than 60 minutes after the fertilizer is completely drip-irrigated;
(4) applying special fertilizer for the cotton in the boll-blooming period to the boll-opening period for three times;
the special fertilizer for the bell period consists of an easy-to-fix fertilizer group special for the bell period and an easy-to-migrate fertilizer group special for the bell period;
the special easy-to-fix fertilizer composition for the bell period comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 18-23 parts of potassium sulfate, 1-3 parts of potassium phosphite, 1-4 parts of amino acid zinc and 1-3 parts of magnesium sulfate;
the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer composition for the bell period comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-75 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 13-22 parts of potassium chloride, 1-3 parts of borax, 2-5 parts of manganese sulfate and 1-2 parts of potassium phosphite;
the method for applying the special fertilizer for the bell period for the first time comprises the following steps: drip irrigation clear water for 60 minutes, and then add 1.5-2.0 kg of special easy-to-fix fertilizer in the special fertilizer for the bell period into a drip irrigation system; after 60 minutes, adding 2.5-3.0 kg of the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer in the bell period into a drip irrigation system, and continuing to drip irrigation with clear water for 90 minutes after the fertilizer is completely drip-irrigated;
the method for applying the special fertilizer for the bell period for the second time comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out drip irrigation on clear water for 60 minutes, and then adding 1.5-3.5 kg of special easily-fixed fertilizer in the fertilizer special for the bell period into a drip irrigation system; after 90 minutes, adding 3.5-4.0 kg of the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer in the bell period into a drip irrigation system, and continuing to drip irrigation clear water for 60 minutes after the fertilizer is completely drip-irrigated;
the method for applying the special fertilizer for the bell period for the third time comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out drip irrigation on clear water for 60 minutes, and then adding 0.5-1.0 kg of special easily-fixed fertilizer in the fertilizer special for the bell period into a drip irrigation system; and after 60 minutes, adding 2.0-2.5 kg of the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer in the bell period into the drip irrigation system, and continuing to drip irrigation with clear water for more than 60 minutes after the fertilizer is completely drip-irrigated.
Preferably, the cotton is in the period from the initial flowering stage to the full flowering stage, the application interval of the first fertilizer and the second fertilizer comprises 8d, and the application interval of the second fertilizer and the third fertilizer comprises 10 d.
Preferably, the cotton is from boll filling period to boll opening period, the application intervals of the first fertilizer and the second fertilizer comprise 9d, and the application intervals of the second fertilizer and the third fertilizer comprise 12 d.
The urea is specifically urea with 46% of N by mass.
The monoammonium phosphate of the invention is specifically P2O5Is 60 percent by mass and the content of N is 12 percent by mass, and the preferable insoluble substance content is less than0.5% of monoammonium phosphate.
The potassium sulfate of the present invention is specifically K2Potassium sulfate with the mass percentage of O of 50 percent.
The potassium chloride of the invention is specifically K2Potassium sulfate with the mass percentage of O being 60 percent.
The potassium nitrate of the invention is specifically K2Potassium nitrate containing 46% by mass of O and 13% by mass of N.
The urea phosphate of the invention is specifically P2O544% by mass of N, and 17% by mass of urea phosphate.
The potassium humate of the invention is K2Potassium humate with the mass percentage of O more than 8 percent and the mass percentage of humic acid more than 55 percent.
The amino acid zinc is specifically amino acid zinc with the mass percentage content of more than 25 percent of the total mass of amino acid and the mass percentage content of more than 8 percent of zinc.
The magnesium sulfate is specifically MgSO4·7H299.5 percent of magnesium sulfate in percentage by mass of O.
The ammonium molybdate is specifically ammonium heptamolybdate with molybdenum content of more than 55% by mass.
The borax provided by the invention is specifically sodium tetraborate with the purity of more than 95% and the water insoluble substance of less than 0.5%.
The manganese sulfate provided by the invention is specifically anhydrous manganese sulfate, manganese sulfate monohydrate or manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, wherein the purity of the manganese sulfate is more than 98%, and the water-insoluble content of the manganese sulfate is less than 0.5%.
The ammonium polyphosphate of the invention is specifically P2O5The mass percentage of the ammonium polyphosphate is more than 68 percent, the mass percentage of N is 13 percent, and the polymerization degree is 3-4.
The potassium phosphite of the invention is specifically P2O5Is greater than 46 percent by mass and K2Potassium phosphite with the mass percentage of O being more than 36 percent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following effects:
according to the invention, the conventional water-soluble fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mixed into a whole is changed into the easily-fixed fertilizer group and the easily-migrated group according to the solubility of different nutrients and the moving characteristics of the fertilizer in soil, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are reasonably distributed around the cotton root system by adopting the mode of entering the irrigation and fertilization system at different time, so that the fixation of a phosphate fertilizer and the gaseous loss and leaching loss of a nitrogen fertilizer are reduced compared with the conventional water-soluble fertilizer, and the problem of water-fertilizer-root synergy in the cotton growth process is effectively solved.
The invention adopts different special fertilizer groups at different fertilizing periods, realizes the synchronism of fertilizer supply and cotton fertilizer demand, and overcomes the problem of unbalanced nutrient supply in the middle and later stages of cotton growth compared with the conventional water-soluble fertilizer.
The invention designs the special fertilizer for the water for the seedling emergence of the cotton by drip irrigation, realizes the purpose of consistent soil improvement and fertilization, improves the uniformity of the seedling emergence of the cotton, solves the problem of big and small seedlings caused by local water and fertilizer difference, and improves the consistency of the growth vigor of the cotton at the early growth stage.
The special fertilizer group is applied in a matched manner and the fertilizing time is controlled, so that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements are conveyed to the designated position of the root area, the reasonable configuration of the root system of the drip irrigation cotton is optimized, and the lodging resistance of the drip irrigation cotton is improved.
The special fertilizer kit for regulating and controlling the nitrogen-controlling and phosphorus-promoting root zone of the drip irrigation cotton and the application method realize the whole-process water and fertilizer integration and achieve the purposes of labor saving, fertilizer saving, water saving, high yield and stable yield.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, which are illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In order to solve the problems that nutrient distribution areas and cotton root distribution are inconsistent and absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is not facilitated due to different migration speeds of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the invention provides the application method of the special regulating and controlling fertilizer for the nitrogen-controlling and phosphorus-promoting root area of the drip irrigation cotton, which can regulate and control nutrient distribution and root system configuration of the root area, so that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are distributed in the root area, the nutrient requirements of the drip irrigation cotton in different growth periods can be met, and the aims of supplementing trace elements, balancing crop nutrients, improving fertilizer efficiency, promoting growth, resisting lodging and improving cotton yield are achieved.
Example 1
The special fertilizer for regulating and controlling the nitrogen-controlling and phosphorus-promoting root zone of the drip irrigation cotton is composed of the following components in parts by weight:
seedling emergence water special fertilizer:
the composition consists of the following components: 40 parts of urea phosphate, 10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 40 parts of potassium humate, 5 parts of potassium nitrate and 0.2 part of sodium naphthaleneacetate;
special fertilizer for bud period:
the special easy-to-fix fertilizer set for the bud period consists of the following components: 45 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 38 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of amino acid zinc and 5 parts of magnesium sulfate;
the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer for the bud period consists of the following components: 55 parts of urea, 5 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 5 parts of urea phosphate, 20 parts of potassium chloride and 1 part of ammonium molybdate;
special fertilizer for flowering phase:
the special easy-to-fix fertilizer set for the flowering phase consists of an easy-to-fix fertilizer set for the flowering phase and an easy-to-migrate fertilizer set for the flowering phase, and the special easy-to-fix fertilizer set for the flowering phase consists of the following components: 42 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 45 parts of potassium sulfate, 3 parts of amino acid zinc and 5 parts of magnesium sulfate;
the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer for flowering phase consists of the following components: 55 parts of urea, 10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 25 parts of potassium chloride, 4 parts of borax, 1 part of manganese sulfate and 1 part of ammonium molybdate;
fertilizer special for bell period:
the fertilizer consists of an easy-to-fix fertilizer group special for the bell period and an easy-to-migrate fertilizer group special for the bell period, wherein the easy-to-fix fertilizer group special for the bell period consists of the following components: 70 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 18 parts of potassium sulfate, 1 part of potassium phosphite, 1 part of amino acid zinc and 1 part of magnesium sulfate;
the easy-to-migrate fertilizer composition special for the bell period comprises the following components: 60 parts of urea, 10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 13 parts of potassium chloride, 1 part of borax, 2 parts of manganese sulfate and 1 part of potassium phosphite.
Example 2
The special fertilizer for regulating and controlling the nitrogen-controlling and phosphorus-promoting root zone of the drip irrigation cotton is composed of the following components in parts by weight:
seedling emergence water special fertilizer:
the composition consists of the following components: 45 parts of urea phosphate, 15 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 45 parts of potassium humate, 15 parts of potassium nitrate and 1 part of sodium naphthaleneacetate;
special fertilizer for bud period:
the special easy-to-fix fertilizer set for the bud period consists of the following components: 55 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 42 parts of potassium sulfate, 8 parts of amino acid zinc and 10 parts of magnesium sulfate;
the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer for the bud period consists of the following components: 75 parts of urea, 10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 10 parts of urea phosphate, 35 parts of potassium chloride and 3 parts of ammonium molybdate;
special fertilizer for flowering phase:
the special easy-to-fix fertilizer set for the flowering phase consists of an easy-to-fix fertilizer set for the flowering phase and an easy-to-migrate fertilizer set for the flowering phase, and the special easy-to-fix fertilizer set for the flowering phase consists of the following components: 45 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 55 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of amino acid zinc and 10 parts of magnesium sulfate;
the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer for flowering phase consists of the following components: 60 parts of urea, 15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 35 parts of potassium chloride, 6 parts of borax, 3 parts of manganese sulfate and 3 parts of ammonium molybdate;
fertilizer special for bell period:
the fertilizer consists of an easy-to-fix fertilizer group special for the bell period and an easy-to-migrate fertilizer group special for the bell period, wherein the easy-to-fix fertilizer group special for the bell period consists of the following components: 80 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 23 parts of potassium sulfate, 3 parts of potassium phosphite, 4 parts of amino acid zinc and 3 parts of magnesium sulfate;
the easy-to-migrate fertilizer composition special for the bell period comprises the following components: 75 parts of urea, 15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 22 parts of potassium chloride, 3 parts of borax, 5 parts of manganese sulfate and 2 parts of potassium phosphite.
Example 3
The special fertilizer for regulating and controlling the nitrogen-controlling and phosphorus-promoting root zone of the drip irrigation cotton is composed of the following components in parts by weight:
seedling emergence water special fertilizer:
the composition consists of the following components: 42.8 parts of urea phosphate, 12 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 40 parts of potassium humate, 5 parts of potassium nitrate and 0.2 part of sodium naphthaleneacetate;
special fertilizer for bud period:
the special easy-to-fix fertilizer set for the bud period consists of the following components: 48 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 40 parts of potassium sulfate, 6 parts of amino acid zinc and 8 parts of magnesium sulfate;
the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer for the bud period consists of the following components: 60 parts of urea, 10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 5 parts of urea phosphate, 23 parts of potassium chloride and 2 parts of ammonium molybdate;
special fertilizer for flowering phase:
the special easy-to-fix fertilizer set for the flowering phase consists of an easy-to-fix fertilizer set for the flowering phase and an easy-to-migrate fertilizer set for the flowering phase, and the special easy-to-fix fertilizer set for the flowering phase consists of the following components: 46 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 44 parts of potassium sulfate, 3 parts of amino acid zinc and 7 parts of magnesium sulfate;
the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer for flowering phase consists of the following components: 57.5 parts of urea, 10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 25 parts of potassium chloride, 4.5 parts of borax, 1.5 parts of manganese sulfate and 1.5 parts of ammonium molybdate;
fertilizer special for bell period:
the fertilizer consists of an easy-to-fix fertilizer group special for the bell period and an easy-to-migrate fertilizer group special for the bell period, wherein the easy-to-fix fertilizer group special for the bell period consists of the following components: 75 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 21.5 parts of potassium sulfate, 1.5 parts of potassium phosphite, 1 part of amino acid zinc and 1 part of magnesium sulfate;
the easy-to-migrate fertilizer composition special for the bell period comprises the following components: 64 parts of urea, 13 parts of ammonium sulfate, 18 parts of potassium chloride, 1.8 parts of borax, 2.2 parts of manganese sulfate and 1 part of potassium phosphite.
Before fertilization, according to the fertilizer demand, weighing corresponding simple substance fertilizers according to the weight part proportion of a single fertilizer formula, uniformly mixing the simple substance fertilizers according to the proportion to form a root zone regulation and control special fertilizer group in each growth period, putting four groups of seven fertilizers together to form a nitrogen-controlling phosphorus-promoting root zone regulation and control special fertilizer set for drip irrigation cotton, and fertilizing according to the period and the dosage of the following specific fertilization example.
In the following examples, the water-soluble fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mixed together, which is commonly adopted in local places, is adopted for comparison, the irrigation time is the same, the total fertilizer consumption is the same, and the fertilization time adopts a mode of adding drip irrigation fertilizer after 60 minutes of water dripping.
Drip irrigation example 1
The special fertilizer for regulating and controlling the nitrogen-controlling and phosphorus-promoting root zone of the drip irrigation cotton and the application method thereof carry out production tests in a rural farm of a farm academy in the river city of the autonomous region of Uygur autonomous region in Xinjiang in 2017, the former crops are cotton, and the farmland is cleared up before winter. The research area belongs to typical temperate zone continental climate, the annual average temperature is 6.5-7.2 ℃, the annual average rainfall is 115mm, the distribution is uneven, the evaporation capacity is 1942mm, the evaporation-reduction ratio is 16.9 & gt 10, the soil is irrigation grey desert soil, the soil texture is loam, the method is suitable for irrigation agriculture, and the application amount of cotton per mu and the cotton yield per mu are required to be explained.
(1) Seedling emergence water special fertilizer: after the sowing is finished in 21 days after 4 months, uniformly dropping seedling emergence water in 23 days after 4 months, adding 2.5kg of seedling emergence water special fertilizer into a drip irrigation system after the clear water is drip-irrigated for 40 minutes until the seedling emergence water special fertilizer is drip-irrigated, wherein the wetting front exceeds 13cm of cotton sowing rows, and the cotton seedlings emerge in 1 day after 5 months.
(2) Special fertilizer group in bud period: on day 15, 6 months, firstly carrying out drip irrigation on clear water for 100 minutes, and then adding 3.5kg of special easily-fixed fertilizer in the bud period into a drip irrigation system; after 140 minutes, 5.0kg of the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer in the bud period is dripped for 150 minutes until the fertilizer is completely dripped, and then clear water is continuously dripped for 50 minutes.
(3) The special fertilizer group for flowering phase: day 6, month 25: firstly, carrying out drip irrigation on clear water for 60 minutes, and then adding 4.5kg of special easily-fixed fertilizer in a drip irrigation system in a flowering phase; after 90 minutes, 5.2kg of special easily-migrated compound fertilizer for the flowering phase is added, and after the fertilizer is completely drip-irrigated, clear water is continuously drip-irrigated for 70 minutes; 7, month and 4 days: firstly, drip-irrigating clear water for 40 minutes, and then adding 4.5kg of special easily-fixed fertilizer in a drip irrigation system in a flowering phase; after 120 minutes, 4.5kg of the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer for the flowering phase is added, and the drip irrigation of clear water is continued for 70 minutes after the drip irrigation of the fertilizer is completed. 7 month 15 day: firstly, drip-irrigating clear water for 40 minutes, and then adding 4.5kg of special easily-fixed fertilizer in a drip irrigation system in a flowering phase; after 120 minutes, 4.5kg of the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer for the flowering phase is added, and the drip irrigation of clear water is continued for 65 minutes after the drip irrigation of all the fertilizers is finished.
(4) Fertilizer group special for bell period: 7, month and 23 days: firstly, carrying out drip irrigation on clear water for 60 minutes, and then adding 1.5kg of special easily-fixed fertilizer in the bell period into a drip irrigation system; after 60 minutes, 2.5kg of the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer in the bell period is added until the fertilizer is completely drip-irrigated, and then the drip irrigation of clear water is continued for 90 minutes; ② 8 months and 2 days: firstly, carrying out drip irrigation on clear water for 60 minutes, and then adding 1.5kg of special easily-fixed fertilizer in the bell period into a drip irrigation system; after 90 minutes, 3.0kg of the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer in the bell period is added until the fertilizer is completely drip-irrigated, and then the drip irrigation of clear water is continued for 60 minutes; ③ 8 months and 15 days: firstly, carrying out drip irrigation on clear water for 60 minutes, and then adding 0.8kg of special easily-fixed fertilizer in the bell period into a drip irrigation system; after 60 minutes, 1.5kg of the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer in the bell period is added until the fertilizer is completely drip-irrigated, and then the drip irrigation of clear water is continued for 60 minutes.
(5) Harvesting: 10 months and 8 days, the mechanical harvest is carried out, the yield of the seed cotton is 396.60kg, and the control yield is 358.33kg of drip irrigation example 2
The special fertilizer for regulating and controlling the nitrogen-controlling and phosphorus-promoting root zone of the drip irrigation cotton and the application method thereof are produced in 121 Tuhezi City of Uygur autonomous region of Xinjiang in 2017, the former crops are cotton, and the farmland is cleared up before winter. The research area belongs to typical arid temperate zone continental climate, the annual average temperature is 6.3-7 ℃, the annual average rainfall is 100mm, the distribution is uneven, the evaporation capacity is 2100mm, the soil is irrigated and ploughed grey desert soil, the soil texture is clay loam, the method is applied to irrigation agriculture, and the method is suitable for implementation.
(1) Seedling emergence water special fertilizer: after 15 days of 4 months, uniformly drip irrigating seedling emergence water for 20 days of 4 months, uniformly drip irrigating seedling emergence water, after 40 minutes of drip irrigation clear water, adding 3kg of special fertilizer for cotton seedling emergence water into the system, and then drip irrigating water for 180 minutes until the fertilizer is drip irrigated, wherein the wetting front exceeds 15cm of cotton seeding rows, and cotton seedlings emerge in 28 days of 4 months.
(2) Special fertilizer group in bud period: beginning to drip irrigation the second water in 12 days after 6 months, firstly dripping irrigation clear water for 90 minutes, and then adding 4.5kg of special easily-fixed fertilizer in the bud period into a drip irrigation system; after 120 minutes, 4.5kg of special easy-to-migrate fertilizer in the bud period is added, water is dripped for 120 minutes until the fertilizer is completely dripped, and then the drip irrigation is continued for 60 minutes.
(3) The special fertilizer group for flowering phase: day 6, month 23: firstly, carrying out drip irrigation on clear water for 60 minutes, and then adding 5.0kg of special easily-fixed fertilizer in a drip irrigation system in a flowering phase; after 90 minutes, 5.5kg of special easily-migrated compound fertilizer for the flowering phase is added, and after the fertilizer is completely drip-irrigated, clear water is continuously drip-irrigated for 70 minutes; 7 month and 1 day: firstly, drip-irrigating clear water for 40 minutes, and then adding 5.0kg of special easily-fixed fertilizer in the flowering phase into a drip irrigation system; after 120 minutes, 4.5kg of the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer for the flowering phase is added, and the drip irrigation of clear water is continued for 70 minutes after the drip irrigation of the fertilizer is completed. 7 month and 11 days: firstly, drip-irrigating clear water for 40 minutes, and then adding 4.5kg of special easily-fixed fertilizer in a drip irrigation system in a flowering phase; after 110 minutes, 4.0kg of the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer for the flowering phase is added, and the drip irrigation of clear water is continued for 65 minutes after the drip irrigation of all the fertilizers is finished.
(4) Fertilizer group special for bell period: 7, month and 22 days: firstly, carrying out drip irrigation on clear water for 60 minutes, and then adding 2kg of special easily-fixed fertilizer in the bell period into a drip irrigation system; after 60 minutes, 3kg of the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer in the bell period is added until the fertilizer is completely drip-irrigated, and then the drip irrigation of clear water is continued for 90 minutes; day 8, month 1: firstly, carrying out drip irrigation on clear water for 60 minutes, and then adding 1.5kg of special easily-fixed fertilizer in the bell period into a drip irrigation system; after 90 minutes, 2.5kg of the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer in the bell period is added until the fertilizer is completely drip-irrigated, and then the drip irrigation of clear water is continued for 60 minutes; ③ 8 months and 13 days: firstly, carrying out drip irrigation on clear water for 60 minutes, and then adding 0.5kg of special easily-fixed fertilizer in the bell period into a drip irrigation system; after 60 minutes, 1.0kg of the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer in the bell period is added until the fertilizer is completely drip-irrigated, and then the drip irrigation of clear water is continued for 60 minutes.
Harvesting: 10 months and 15 days, mechanical harvest is carried out, the yield of the seed cotton is 405.80kg, and the yield of the control is 357.60 kg.
Through comparison of the embodiments, the application method of the special fertilizer for regulating and controlling the nitrogen-controlling and phosphorus-promoting root zone of the drip irrigation cotton can be obtained, the nutrient distribution and the root system configuration of the root zone can be really regulated and controlled, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are distributed in the root zone, the nutrient requirements of the drip irrigation cotton in different growth periods can be met, and the purposes of supplementing trace elements, balancing crop nutrients, improving fertilizer efficiency, promoting growth, resisting lodging and improving cotton yield can be achieved.
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the limitations of the above specific embodiments, and all technical modifications made according to the technical solution of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for applying a special fertilizer for regulating and controlling a nitrogen-controlling and phosphorus-promoting root zone of drip irrigation cotton is characterized in that the following fertilizer is applied in an amount per mu of cotton, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) after the cotton is sowed, applying a seedling emergence water special fertilizer;
the special water-based fertilizer for seedling emergence comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-45 parts of urea phosphate, 10-15 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 40-45 parts of potassium humate, 5-15 parts of potassium nitrate and 0.2-1 part of sodium naphthylacetate;
the application method of the seedling emergence water special fertilizer comprises the following steps: after 30 minutes of drip irrigation with clear water, adding 2.0-3.0 kg of special fertilizer for drip irrigation seedling emergence water into a drip irrigation system until the special fertilizer for seedling emergence water is completely drip-irrigated, and simultaneously controlling the drip irrigation water quantity to enable the wetting front to exceed the cotton sowing row by 10cm and enable the drip irrigation water quantity to be not less than 15m3Not higher than 30m3；
(2) After cotton seedlings emerge, applying special fertilizer for the bud period;
the special fertilizer for the bud period consists of an easily-fixed group fertilizer special for the bud period and an easily-moved group fertilizer special for the bud period;
the special easy-to-fix fertilizer composition for the bud period comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-55 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 38-42 parts of potassium sulfate, 5-8 parts of amino acid zinc and 5-10 parts of magnesium sulfate;
the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer composition for the bud period comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55-75 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 5-10 parts of urea phosphate, 20-35 parts of potassium chloride and 1-3 parts of ammonium molybdate;
the application method of the special fertilizer for the bud period comprises the following steps: applying the special fertilizer for the bud period during the second drip irrigation of clear water, firstly carrying out the second drip irrigation of clear water for 90 minutes, then adding 2.5-5 kg of the special easily-fixed group fertilizer for the bud period in the special fertilizer for the bud period into a drip irrigation system, carrying out the drip irrigation for 120 minutes, then adding 4.5-6.5 kg of the special easily-moved group fertilizer for the bud period in the special fertilizer for the bud period into the drip irrigation system, and continuing the drip irrigation of the clear water for more than 60 minutes until all the special easily-moved group fertilizer for the bud period is completely drip-irrigated;
(3) applying a special fertilizer for three flowering periods from the initial flowering period to the full flowering period of cotton;
the special fertilizer for the flowering phase consists of an easily-fixed group fertilizer special for the flowering phase and an easily-moved group fertilizer special for the flowering phase;
the special easily-fixed fertilizer composition for the flowering phase comprises the following components in parts by weight: 42-45 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 45-55 parts of potassium sulfate, 3-5 parts of amino acid zinc and 5-10 parts of magnesium sulfate;
the special easy-to-migrate component fertilizer for the flowering phase comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55-60 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 25-35 parts of potassium chloride, 4-6 parts of borax, 1-3 parts of manganese sulfate and 1-3 parts of ammonium molybdate;
the method for applying the special fertilizer for the flowering phase for the first time comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out drip irrigation on clear water for 60 minutes, and then adding 3.5-5.5 kg of special easily-fixed fertilizer in the flowering phase in the special fertilizer for the flowering phase into a drip irrigation system; after 90 minutes, adding 3.5-6.5 kg of the special easy-to-migrate component fertilizer for the flowering phase in the special fertilizer for the flowering phase into a drip irrigation system, and continuing to drip irrigation with clear water for 60-90 minutes after the fertilizer is completely drip-irrigated;
the method for applying the special fertilizer for the flowering phase for the second time comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out drip irrigation on clear water for 40 minutes, and then adding 4-5 kg of special easily-fixed group fertilizers for the flowering phase in the special fertilizers for the flowering phase into a drip irrigation system; after 120 minutes, adding 4-5 kg of special easy-to-migrate component fertilizer for the flowering phase in the special fertilizer for the flowering phase into a drip irrigation system, and continuing to drip irrigation with clear water for more than 60 minutes after the fertilizer is completely drip-irrigated;
the method for applying the special fertilizer for the flowering phase for the third time comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out drip irrigation on clear water for 40 minutes, and then adding 4.5-6 kg of special easily-fixed group fertilizers for the flowering phase in the special fertilizers for the flowering phase into a drip irrigation system; after 120 minutes, adding 4-5.5 kg of the special easy-to-migrate component fertilizer for the flowering phase in the special fertilizer for the flowering phase into a drip irrigation system, and continuing to drip irrigation with clear water for more than 60 minutes after the fertilizer is completely drip-irrigated;
(4) applying special fertilizer for the cotton in the boll-blooming period to the boll-opening period for three times;
the special fertilizer for the bell period consists of an easy-to-fix fertilizer group special for the bell period and an easy-to-migrate fertilizer group special for the bell period;
the special easy-to-fix fertilizer composition for the bell period comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 18-23 parts of potassium sulfate, 1-3 parts of potassium phosphite, 1-4 parts of amino acid zinc and 1-3 parts of magnesium sulfate;
the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer composition for the bell period comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-75 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 13-22 parts of potassium chloride, 1-3 parts of borax, 2-5 parts of manganese sulfate and 1-2 parts of potassium phosphite;
the method for applying the special fertilizer for the bell period for the first time comprises the following steps: drip irrigation clear water for 60 minutes, and then add 1.5-2.0 kg of special easy-to-fix fertilizer in the special fertilizer for the bell period into a drip irrigation system; after 60 minutes, adding 2.5-3.0 kg of the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer in the bell period into a drip irrigation system, and continuing to drip irrigation with clear water for 90 minutes after the fertilizer is completely drip-irrigated;
the method for applying the special fertilizer for the bell period for the second time comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out drip irrigation on clear water for 60 minutes, and then adding 1.5-3.5 kg of special easily-fixed fertilizer in the fertilizer special for the bell period into a drip irrigation system; after 90 minutes, adding 3.5-4.0 kg of the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer in the bell period into a drip irrigation system, and continuing to drip irrigation clear water for 60 minutes after the fertilizer is completely drip-irrigated;
the method for applying the special fertilizer for the bell period for the third time comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out drip irrigation on clear water for 60 minutes, and then adding 0.5-1.0 kg of special easily-fixed fertilizer in the fertilizer special for the bell period into a drip irrigation system; and after 60 minutes, adding 2.0-2.5 kg of the special easy-to-migrate fertilizer in the bell period into the drip irrigation system, and continuing to drip irrigation with clear water for more than 60 minutes after the fertilizer is completely drip-irrigated.
2. The application method according to claim 1, wherein the cotton is applied from the initial flowering stage to the full flowering stage, the application interval of the first fertilizer and the second fertilizer is 8 days, and the application interval of the second fertilizer and the third fertilizer is 10 days.
3. The application method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cotton is applied from boll stage to boll stage, the application interval of the first fertilizer and the second fertilizer is 9 days, and the application interval of the second fertilizer and the third fertilizer is 12 days.
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| CN201810323119.0A CN108383582A (en) | 2018-04-11 | 2018-04-11 | A kind of Stage of Cotton Under-Mulch-Drip Irrigation control nitrogen promotees phosphorus root zone regulation and control special fertilizer and its method of administration |
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| CN106233966A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2016-12-21 | 新疆农垦科学院 | One cultural method grown cotton |
| CN106588490A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-04-26 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Special fertilizer set for corn root zone drip irrigation regulation, and application method thereof |
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| CN106233966A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2016-12-21 | 新疆农垦科学院 | One cultural method grown cotton |
| CN106588490A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-04-26 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Special fertilizer set for corn root zone drip irrigation regulation, and application method thereof |
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