CN106888659A - Paddy rice single-dose application method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a one-time fertilization method for rice, which includes two fertilization methods: the first fertilization method is to open two "V"-shaped furrows, one deep and one shallow, between two adjacent rows of rice, and slowly apply fertilizer in the deep furrows. Controlled-release fertilizer, apply quick-acting fertilizer in the shallow ditch; the application ratio of the slow and controlled-release fertilizer to the quick-acting fertilizer is recorded as 3-5:1 according to the amount of nitrogen; the second fertilization method is to open an inclined plane between two adjacent rows of rice Ditch, and then apply slow-release fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer with a weight ratio of 3-5:1 according to the nitrogen content in the slope ditch; the slow-release time ratio in the slow-release fertilizer is 40 days, 60 days, and 90 days. The combination of shallow application of quick-acting fertilizer and deep application of controlled-release compound fertilizer can meet the nutritional needs of rice throughout the growth period, and one-time fertilization does not require topdressing; the combination of deep and shallow furrows and inclined-plane fertilization methods are used to achieve one-time fertilization. According to the growth characteristics of machine-transplanted and machine-directed seedlings, shallow fertilizer ensures nutrient supply in the early stage of growth, and deep layer fertilizer ensures nutrient supply in the middle and late stages of growth.

Description

One time fertilization method for rice

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular to a rice one-time fertilization method.

Background technique

One of the important ways to increase rice production is to increase nitrogen fertilizer application. In the past fifty years, the world's food production has increased significantly, partly due to the increase in fertilizer input, especially nitrogen fertilizer. At present, the average amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in a single season in rice fields in China is 180kg/hm ² , which is 75% higher than the amount per unit area in the world. Since nitrogen fertilizer application mainly adopts the artificial surface application method, one-time fertilization may easily cause excessive nitrogen concentration on the field surface, cause problems such as seedling burning, serious fertilizer loss, and lack of fertilizer in the late stage of rice growth. Moreover, due to ammonia volatilization, denitrification, surface loss and seepage in the soil-water system, a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer is lost, resulting in relatively low nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency. In order to achieve the goal of green rice yield increase and efficiency increase under the condition of stable rice yield, the research and development of new rice fertilization method is particularly important. At present, the area of rice mechanized cultivation such as machine transplanting and machine direct seeding is rapidly increasing. Using different layers of slow and controlled release fertilizer fertilization technology while machine transplanting and machine direct seeding is one of the most effective ways to improve rice nitrogen use efficiency. During the whole growth period, the seedlings are machine-transplanted or machine-directed and fertilized once, and no topdressing fertilizer is needed to achieve the goals of labor-saving and cost-saving in rice fields, efficient use of fertilizers, environmental protection and high returns.

At present, there are already rice transplanters and direct seeding machines with fertilization systems, which can realize deep fertilization while rice is transplanted or direct seeded by machine, which can improve the efficiency of fertilizer use. Because the depth of fertilizer application into the soil is relatively single, the root system of rice in the early growth stage is earlier, and it is difficult to effectively absorb nutrients, resulting in slower growth and slow growth of early seedlings, resulting in hindered growth of early tillers, affecting the formation of large spikes, and thus affecting yield. . At the same time, the fertilizer nutrient supply does not conform to the law of rice growth demand, and cannot meet the nutritional needs of rice during the whole growth period. Therefore, it is still necessary to apply fertilizer several times to ensure a balanced supply of nutrients, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming, and cannot achieve the purpose of one-time fertilization throughout the growth period.

The Chinese patent application document with publication number CN103922853A (application number 201410175904.8) provides a compound fertilizer obtained by compounding resin-coated compound fertilizer, resin-coated diamine, resin-coated potassium chloride and resin-coated urea with different release rates. Slow-release compound fertilizer suitable for rice machine transplanting. The fertilizer is directly applied to the soil 3-5cm along with the seedlings, but topdressing tillering fertilizer is still required. The Chinese patent application document with publication number CN103396243A (application number 201310344054.5) discloses a cotton-specific controlled-release fertilizer for one-time application throughout the whole process and its preparation method and application. It is prepared by compounding coated fertilizer, granular boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer , the fertilizer is directly punched and applied to the bottom of the seedling nutrient pot when transplanting. The whole process is one-time fertilization without top dressing. However, this fertilizer is a special fertilizer for cotton, and there is a water layer on the field surface when rice is transplanted. This method is not suitable for mechanized operation of rice. . The Chinese patent application document with publication number CN201182072Y (application number 200820089772.7) provides a kind of air-blown side deep fertilization rice transplanter device, which uses gas to blow the fertilizer out of the fertilizer delivery pipe to avoid blockage of the fertilizer outlet; publication number CN103931318A (application The Chinese patent application document No. 201410108410.8) provides a fixed-point quantitative deep fertilization device for rice machine insertion, which uses the principle of an air gun to directly inject large-grain urea into the mud near the seedlings, avoiding contact between the fertilizer delivery pipe and the mud, and achieves fixed-point, quantitative, and The effect of deep fertilization. The above disclosed patents can only realize single-level deep fertilization of rice, and cannot meet the nutritional needs of rice in different periods. Especially in the early stage of rice growth, artificial topdressing is required, which increases the cost of artificial fertilization.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for one-time fertilization of rice aiming at the problems in the above-mentioned technologies.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: a method for one-time fertilization of paddy rice, comprising two kinds of fertilization methods:

The first fertilization method is to open two "V"-shaped furrows, one deep and one shallow, between two adjacent rows of rice, apply slow and controlled-release fertilizers in the deep furrows, and apply quick-acting fertilizers in the shallow furrows; The application ratio of release fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer is recorded as 3-5:1 according to the amount of nitrogen;

The second fertilization method is to open an inclined-surface ditch between two adjacent rows of rice, and then apply slow-release fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer according to the nitrogen content in the inclined-surface ditch with a weight ratio of 3-5:1;

The ratio of slow release time in the slow and controlled release fertilizer is 40 days, 60 days and 90 days.

Further, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the slow-release fertilizer is 22:7:7, and the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the quick-acting fertilizer is 15:15:15.

Further, the ratio of machine-inserted slow-controlled release is: 40-day sustained-release: 60-day sustained-release: 90-day sustained-release = 30%: 40%: 30%.

Further, the ratio of sustained and controlled release in machine live broadcasting is: 40-day sustained-release: 60-day sustained-release: 90-day sustained-release = 30%: 50%: 20%.

Further, during machine transplantation, in the second fertilization method, the weight ratio of the slow-release fertilizer and the quick-acting fertilizer is 3:1.

Further, when live broadcasting by machine, in the second fertilization method, the weight ratio of the slow-release fertilizer and the quick-acting fertilizer is 5:1.

Further, the depth of the deep groove is 15cm, and the width of the upper opening is 15cm; the depth of the shallow groove is 5cm, and the width of the upper opening is 3cm.

Further, the slope groove is an inverted right-angle type, the depth is 15cm, and the bottom angle is 25 degrees

The beneficial technical effect of the present invention is:

(1) Combining shallow application of quick-acting fertilizer and deep application of controlled-release compound fertilizer to meet the nutritional needs of rice throughout the growth period, one-time fertilization without topdressing;

(2) One-time fertilization is achieved by combining deep and shallow furrows and fertilizing on inclined planes. According to the growth characteristics of machine-transplanted and machine-directed seedlings, the shallow layer of fertilizer ensures the nutrient supply in the early stage of growth, and the deep layer of fertilizer ensures the nutrient supply in the middle and late stages of growth;

(3) Provide the fertilizer formula for one-time fertilization by machine transplanting and machine direct seeding;

(4) The release of fertilizer nutrients is consistent with the nutrient requirements of rice growth.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings on the premise of not paying creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is the ditching schematic diagram of first kind of fertilization mode of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the ditching schematic diagram of the second fertilization mode of the present invention;

Among the figure, 1 slow-release fertilizer fertilizer box, 2 rows of fertilizer wheels, 3 fertilizer row pipes, 4 deep trenchers, 5 shallow trenchers, 6 rice paddies, 7 quick-acting fertilizer fertilizer boxes, 8 fertilizer boxes, and 9 slope openers.

detailed description

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The first one-time fertilization of paddy rice is double-furrow fertilization, and double-furrow fertilization devices are installed on existing rice transplanters and direct seeding machines. The ditching and fertilizing device is shown in Figure 1, and is mainly composed of a set of slow-release and controlled-release fertilizer boxes 1 and quick-acting fertilizer boxes 7, a fertilizer discharge wheel 2, a fertilizer discharge pipe 3 and a ditching device. The ditch opening device consists of a set of "V"-shaped ditch openers 4 and shallow ditch openers 5 for opening deep and shallow ditches. , the lower mouth is 3cm wide and 3cm deep. Double-furrow fertilization can realize the separate application of slow-release fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer, and the application ratio is recorded as 3-5:1 according to the amount of nitrogen. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the slow-release fertilizer is 22:7:7, and the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the quick-acting fertilizer is 15:15:15. According to the ratio of slow release time in the slow and controlled release fertilizer, there are three kinds of slow and controlled release time, that is, 40, 60, and 90 days. The machine-inserted slow-controlled release ratio is: 40-day slow-release: 60-day slow-release: 90-day slow-release = 30%: 40%: 30%; machine-based slow-control release ratio is: 40-day slow-release: 60-day slow Release: 90-day sustained release = 30%: 50%: 20%. The slow and controlled release fertilizer is applied into the deep ditch to realize deep application and ensure the nutrient supply in the middle and late stages of rice growth. Quick-acting fertilizers are applied in shallow furrows to ensure nutrient supply in the early stage of rice tillering. So as to realize the one-time fertilization during the whole growth period of rice.

Example 2

The second one-time fertilization of paddy rice is slope fertilization, and the existing rice transplanter and direct seeding machine are equipped with a device for fertilizing slope ditch. The inclined ditch fertilization assembly as shown in Figure 2 is mainly composed of a fertilizer box 8 containing slow-release fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer mixed fertilizer, a fertilizer discharge wheel 2, a fertilizer discharge pipe 3 and an inclined ditch device. The cross-section of the slope opener 9 for opening the slope ditch is a right triangle, the angle at the bottom of the opener is 25 degrees, and the side of the right angle is the ditch depth of 15 cm, so that a slope of 65 degrees can be opened, and the fertilizer is applied on the slope , after covering with mud, the fertilizer will be distributed along the slope, and the burial depth of the fertilizer close to the rice seedlings will be shallow, and the fertilizer burial depth far away from the rice seedlings will be deep, so as to ensure the nutrient supply of rice in the early stage of tillering, and also ensure the nutrient supply in the middle and late stages of growth. supply. So as to realize the one-time fertilization during the whole growth period of rice. And the fertilizer distribution is in line with the growth characteristics of the rice root system, and it can also induce the root system to take root. The second one-time fertilization scheme in the present invention is mixed application of slow-release fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the slow-release fertilizer is 22:7:7, and the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the quick-acting fertilizer is 15:15:15. The ratio of slow-release fertilizer to quick-acting fertilizer is 3:1 for machine insertion and 5:1 for machine live broadcast. According to the ratio of slow release time in the slow and controlled release fertilizer, there are three kinds of slow and controlled release time, that is, 40, 60, and 90 days. The machine-inserted slow-controlled release ratio is: 40-day slow-release: 60-day slow-release: 90-day slow-release = 30%: 40%: 30%; machine-based slow-control release ratio is: 40-day slow-release: 60-day slow Release: 90-day sustained release = 30%: 50%: 20%.

Those skilled in the art can understand that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be understood to have a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the prior art, and unless defined as herein, are not to be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense Explanation.

Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that: the components in the device in the embodiment can be distributed in the device in the embodiment according to the description in the embodiment, and can also be changed and located in one or more devices different from the embodiment. The components in the above embodiments can be combined into one component, and can also be further divided into multiple subcomponents.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate and not limit the technical solutions of the present invention, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: the present invention can still be modified Or an equivalent replacement, any modification or partial replacement without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of paddy rice single-dose application method, it is characterised in that including two kinds of fertilization modes：

The first fertilization mode is that the deep two shallow bar ditch of " V " type one are provided between adjacent rows paddy rice, and slow control is applied in zanjon Fertilizer is released, quick-acting fertilizer is applied in shallow ridges；The slow-release or control-release fertilizer is designated as 3-5 with quick-acting fertilizer applicating ratio by nitrogen quantity:1；

Second fertilization mode is that an inclined-plane ditch is opened between adjacent rows paddy rice, is then applied in inclined-plane ditch and remembers weight by nitrogen quantity Than being 3-5:1 slow-release or control-release fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer；

Slow-release time proportioning is 40 days, 60 days, 90 days in the slow-release or control-release fertilizer.

2. paddy rice single-dose application method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the slow-release or control-release fertilizer nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 22:7:7, the quick-acting fertilizer nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 15:15:15.

3. paddy rice single-dose application method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the slow controlled release proportioning of the machine transplanting of rice is：It is sustained within 40 days： It is sustained within 60 days：90 days sustained releases=30%：40%：30%.

4. paddy rice single-dose application method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the live slow controlled release proportioning of machine is：Delay within 40 days Release：It is sustained within 60 days：90 days sustained releases=30%：50%：20%.

5. paddy rice single-dose application method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that during the machine transplanting of rice, second fertilization mode In, slow-release or control-release fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer weight ratio are 3:1.

6. paddy rice single-dose application method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that when machine is live, second fertilising side In formula, slow-release or control-release fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer weight ratio are 5:1.

7. paddy rice single-dose application method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the zanjon depth is 15cm, width suitable for reading It is 15cm；The shallow ridges depth is 5cm, 3cm wide suitable for reading.

8. paddy rice single-dose application method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the inclined-plane ditch is chamfer type, depth It is 15cm, bottom angle is 25 degree.