CN103504435A - 富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料及其生产方法 - Google Patents
富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料及其生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料,包括:枸杞原浆、稳定剂、甜味剂、乳化剂、玉米黄素及玉米黄素二棕榈酸酯;本发明同时公开一种富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料的生产方法,其工艺包括:①原料验收和洗涤;②复水;③打浆;④皮渣萃取;⑤过滤和微细化;⑥乳化;⑦均质;⑧调配;⑨排气;⑩杀菌及灌装。本发明以枸杞饮料生产过程中的废物——枸杞皮渣为原料,采用超临界枸杞渣粕萃取物加工方法进行萃取,将得到的富含玉米黄素及其酯的油状萃取物作为重要的营养物质,经过乳化后,回加到枸杞原浆中,最终制成富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料;同时,本发明在现有的饮料加工厂内实施,毋需新添很多新的设备,具有成本优势。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及明目保健饮品,特别涉及一种富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料及其生产方法。
背景技术:
1985年美国学者波恩等人证明:人体视网膜黄斑部所存在的色素为类胡萝卜中的叶黄素和玉米黄素的混合物,并无其他类物质。后来另外的学者对眼球晶状体中的类胡萝卜素进行分析,证明眼球晶状体中只检测出玉米黄素,也未检测出其他的类胡萝卜素。研究发现,玉米黄素主要集中在视网膜的黄斑中心区,叶黄素则主要分布在中心向外的边缘扩散区;在视网膜的中央凹区即玉米黄素的最佳浓度集中区,能吸收更多的、对视网膜最有损伤力的蓝色光线(电视、电脑、手机等数字产品的屏幕发出的主要是蓝色光线),通过淬灭单线态氧以抑制自由基的生成,保护和预防视网膜中多不饱和脂肪酸的氧化变性等作用。
本世纪以来,许多国家的学者纷纷寻找和研究叶黄素及玉米黄素资源,迄今为止,没有发现任何证据可证明动物和人在体内能合成叶黄素和玉米黄素,动物和人体内的叶黄素和玉米黄素均来自食物。美国首先从金盏花(又称万寿菊)中提取出叶黄素(含量为15mg/kg)并开发成饮料,在国内外市场上广泛销售。多年来我国的学者也在努力寻找玉米黄素资源,首先考虑到黄玉米,但经测定,在黄玉米种子的胚乳中,玉米黄素的含量仅为0.1~9mg/kg,由于含量太低,提取麻烦且纯度不高,一般只作为饲料添加剂使用。2003年香港学者发现枸杞中含有丰富的玉米黄素,并以此为样本取得了人类服用的医学临床数据,提出“我国传统中药枸杞的明目作用,现在得到了科学的证实”。随后,在2012年我国学者经过提取测定,宁夏枸杞中玉米黄素的含量为0.113%即1130mg/kg,是黄玉米的120多倍,是现在已知植物中含量最高的,枸杞成为我国玉米黄素的新资源。作为眼保健品原料,其生物价值和功能作用好于叶黄素。
由于玉米黄素主要集中在枸杞的籽、皮中(枸杞皮中的红色素为玉米黄素的二棕榈酸酯),在一般取汁加工中作为废物弃用,所以枸杞中的玉米黄素没有得到充分的应用。申请人于2005年申请了“超临界枸杞渣粕萃取物及其生产方法”的发明专利,并于2008年7月获得授权(专利号ZL200510071543.3)。该专利通过采用二氧化碳超临界萃取法,从枸杞的皮渣中得到了富含玉米黄素及其酯的油状萃取物(其含量为610mg/100g皮渣),从而变废为宝。
目前市售的枸杞饮料包括以下两种:
一种是纯枸杞饮料。它以枸杞鲜果或枸杞干果(如为后者需加水浸泡)为原料,经打浆或压榨取汁,除去皮籽等渣粕,将取得的枸杞原浆再加入相应的糖、酸或其他辅料进行稀释、调配,再经过滤、杀菌等工艺后灌装,制成只含枸杞原浆的纯枸杞饮料。
另一种是含有枸杞成分的复合枸杞饮料。它是以枸杞为组方中的一种原料,再添加可食用中药材如菊花、大枣、桑椹、茯苓、决明子、桂圆等原料,一般采用浸渍取汁,过滤去除皮、籽、肉等不溶物,取其清液进行适当糖酸调配,杀菌后灌装,制成具有某种特定功能的复合饮料。
发明内容:
枸杞中的生物活性物质比较多,一般可分为两类:
其一为水溶性物质,主要有枸杞多糖、甜菜碱、氨基酸等;其二为脂溶性物质,主要有胡萝卜素和类胡萝卜素、脂肪与甾醇、维生素A和E以及部分黄酮类化合物等。
一般来说,水溶性物质主要在枸杞果肉与浆液中,脂溶性物质主要在果皮和渣粕中。现有的枸杞及含枸杞饮料只利用了枸杞的果肉(其中的一部分)和浆液,即只获取水溶性的物质,而富含脂溶性物质的果皮、渣粕则作为饮料加工过程中废物,取出并抛弃掉了。因此,现有的枸杞及含枸杞的饮料,其营养成分是不完整的。
针对上述枸杞饮料的不足之处,有必要调配一种富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料并提供一种成本低廉的富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料的生产方法。
一种富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料,包括:枸杞原浆、稳定剂、甜味剂、乳化剂;富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料还包括玉米黄素及玉米黄素二棕榈酸酯。
优选的,枸杞原浆含量不低于15%。
优选的,玉米黄素及玉米黄素二棕榈酸酯含量不低于0.01%。
所述富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料的生产方法,包括如下步骤:
枸杞浆液:玉米黄素萃取物:大豆卵磷脂(乳化剂)=1000:4:0.3~1000:6:0.5,混合后进行充分的搅拌,使之均匀。
优选的,富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料的生产方法步骤中杀菌采用二氧化氯消毒剂,其浓度控制在50~100mg/L。
优选的,富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料的生产方法步骤中的过滤装置为双联过滤器,细化设备为胶体磨。
优选的,富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料的生产方法步骤中杀菌温度为93℃,杀菌时间为5分钟。
需要特别指出的是,虽然此饮料中除含有玉米黄素外,尚含有相当数量的玉米黄素二棕榈酸酯,但此饮料进入人体胃肠道后,在体内脂肪酶的作用下,玉米黄素二棕榈酸酯会水解为玉米黄素和棕榈酸而分别被吸收。因此,最终对人体产生功能作用的仍然是玉米黄素。
本发明以枸杞饮料生产过程中的废物——枸杞皮渣为原料,采用超临界枸杞渣粕萃取物加工方法进行萃取,将得到的富含玉米黄素及其酯的油状萃取物作为重要的营养物质,经过乳化后,回加到枸杞原浆中,经过调配、真空脱气、高压均质、杀菌、灌装,最终制成富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料。
本发明在现有的饮料加工厂内实施,毋需新添很多新的设备,只须投资200万元增加一套超临界萃取设备即可(萃取釜的总容量为200~400升)。而与普通枸杞饮料相比,新增生产成本约为0.5元/kg饮料,而销售收入可新增1.5元/kg饮料。以年产1万吨富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料计,则每年可新增收入约1500万元,新增利润1000万元。
具体实施方式:
一种富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料,包括:枸杞原浆、稳定剂、甜味剂、乳化剂;富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料还包括玉米黄素及玉米黄素二棕榈酸酯。
在本实施方式中,枸杞原浆含量不低于15%。
在本实施方式中,玉米黄素及玉米黄素二棕榈酸酯含量不低于0.01%。
所述富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料的生产方法,包括如下步骤:
过滤和微细化:从打浆机中出来的枸杞原浆,通过过滤装置进行过滤,以除去枸杞原浆中的一些粗渣,过滤后的枸杞原浆再进入细化设备,进行果肉颗粒的微细化。
枸杞浆液:玉米黄素萃取物:大豆卵磷脂(乳化剂)=1000:4:0.3~1000:6:0.5,混合后进行充分的搅拌,使之均匀。
均质:将乳化后的枸杞浆液混合物通过高压均质机均质,均质机压力为18~22MPa,均质后的枸杞浆液混合物进入原浆储存罐。
在本实施方式中,富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料的生产方法步骤中杀菌温度为93℃,杀菌时间为5分钟。
Claims (10)
1.一种富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料,包括:枸杞原浆、稳定剂、甜味剂、乳化剂;其特征在于:富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料还包括玉米黄素及玉米黄素二棕榈酸酯。
2.如权利要求1所述的富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料,其特征在于,枸杞原浆含量不低于15%。
3.如权利要求1所述的富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料,其特征在于,玉米黄素及玉米黄素二棕榈酸酯含量不低于0.01%。
4.所述富含玉米黄素的枸杞明目饮料的生产方法,其特征是,包括如下步骤:
枸杞浆液:玉米黄素萃取物:大豆卵磷脂(乳化剂)=1000:4:0.3~1000:6:0.5,混合后进行充分的搅拌,使之均匀;
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