CN1034933C - 杀虫、杀螨和杀线虫的2-芳基-5-(三氟甲基)吡咯化合物的制备方法 - Google Patents

杀虫、杀螨和杀线虫的2-芳基-5-(三氟甲基)吡咯化合物的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1034933C
CN1034933C CN94118511A CN94118511A CN1034933C CN 1034933 C CN1034933 C CN 1034933C CN 94118511 A CN94118511 A CN 94118511A CN 94118511 A CN94118511 A CN 94118511A CN 1034933 C CN1034933 C CN 1034933C
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罗杰·威廉姆斯·阿道
约瑟夫·奥古斯特·芬奇
戴维·罗杰·库恩
肯尼恩·阿尔弗雷德·马丁·克莱姆
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Abstract

本发明提供了制备可用作为杀虫,杀螨和杀线虫剂的2-芳基-5-(三氟甲基)吡咯化合物的方法。可用于制备上述芳基吡咯化合物的1,1,1-三氟-2-丙烯化合物和它们的制备方法也进行了描述。

Description

杀虫、杀螨和杀线虫的2-芳基 -5-(三氟甲基)吡咯化合物的制备方法
本申请是中国专利申请号91104186.9的分案申请。本发明的目的是提供一种制备杀虫、杀线虫和杀螨的2-芳基-5-(三氟甲基)吡咯化合物的更有效的方法,它可减少过量的起始物质,缩短反应时间并增加产品得率。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种制备本发明的1,1,1-三氟-2丙烯化合物的有效方法。
本发明涉及制备式I的杀虫、杀线虫和杀螨的2-芳基-5-(三氟甲基)吡咯化合物的方法:
Figure C9411851100041
其中:W是C1-C4烷基,CF3或H;Y是CN,NO2或CO2R;R是C1-C4烷基;L是H,F,Cl或Br;M是H,F,Cl,Br,I,CF3,NO2或OR1;和R1是C1-C3烷基或C2F4H,它包括在极性溶剂和碱存在下,将式II的氮杂内酯化合物:其中L和M如上所述,和式III的α-卤代-α,β-不饱和腈,酯或硝基化合物:
Figure C9411851100052
其中W和Y如上所述;X是Cl,Br,I或
Figure C9411851100053
或它的异构体
Figure C9411851100054
或它的顺、反异构体的混合物之间的一步反应。
本发明提供了高产率地制备杀虫、杀线虫和杀螨的式I的化合物的方法:
Figure C9411851100055
其中:W是C1-C4烷基,CF3或H;Y是CN,NO2CO2R;R是C1-C4烷基;L是H,F,Cl或Br;M是H,F,Cl,Br,I,CF3,NO2或OR1;和R1是C1-C3烷基或C2F4H,它包括在极性溶剂和碱存在下,在式II的氮杂内酯化合物:
Figure C9411851100061
其中L和M如上所述,和式III的α-卤代-α,β-不饱和腈,酯或硝基化合物;
Figure C9411851100062
其中W和Y如上所述;X是Cl,Br,I或或它的异构体
Figure C9411851100064
或它的顺、反异构体的混合物之间的有效的一步反应。较佳为该方法包括将如上所述的式II的氮杂内酯与至少约1个摩尔当量,较佳为1-5个摩尔当量的如上所述的式III的α-卤代-α,β-不饱和腈,酯或硝基化合物和至少约1个等摩尔数,较佳为约1-5个摩尔当量的碱,在极性溶剂存在下,较佳是在约20℃-180℃的温度范围内进行反应以形成式I的α-芳基-5-(三氟甲基)吡咯化合物,当然,采用尽可能少过量的反应剂是尤其佳的,特别有利的是在本发明中可采用化学计量的量,而仍保持好的产率。
式I的化合物产物可通过常规的技术,例如用水稀释反应混合物,并过滤式I的产物或用合适的溶剂萃取所说的产物而加以分离,在分离过程中,可采用任何合适的萃取溶剂,包括水不溶性溶剂,例如乙醚,乙酸乙酯,二氯甲烷等。
适合用于本发明的方法中的碱包括例如碱金属碳酸盐,C1-C4三烷基胺,碱金属氢氧化物和吡啶等碱,较佳的碱是吡啶,三乙胺和碳酸钠。
适合用于上述方法中的反应溶剂包括任一种极性溶剂,例如乙腈,二甲基亚砜,二甲基甲酰胺,乙醇,甲醇和异丙醇溶剂。乙腈和二甲基甲酰胺是较佳的反应溶剂。
如下将描述一些式III的起始化合物。
具有结构式IIIa的本发明的1,1,1-三氟-2-丙烯化合物:
Figure C9411851100071
其中:X是Cl,Br或I;Z是CN,CO2R或C(O)R1;R和R1是氢或C1-C4烷基;以及它们顺和反异构体。
本发明的较佳的1,1,1-三氟-2-丙烯化合物是,其中X是Cl或Br;Z是CN或C(O)R1;和R1是C1-C4烷基的那些。
式IIIa的化合物可以通过在溶剂中将三氟乙醛与(三苯基膦酰亚苯胺基)乙腈反应而给出4,4,4-三氟丁烯腈而制得。将所说的4,4,4-三氟丁烯腈和具有结构式IV:其中:Z是CN,CO2R,C(O)R1;R和R1是C1-C4烷基的其它化合物和它们的顺和反异构体与至少约2个等摩尔数,较佳为约2-5个等摩尔数的卤化剂在溶剂存在下反应而形成式V的2,3-二卤代-1,1,1-三氟丙烷化合物:
                  F3CCHXCHXZ
                     (V)其中:X是Cl,Br或I;Z如上所述,可采用的卤化剂包括溴,氯,碘等,适合用于上述反应中的反应溶剂包括四氢呋喃,氯化碳等,然后,将所得到的2,3-二卤代-1,1,1-三氟丙烷与至少约1个等摩尔数,较佳为约1-3个等摩尔数的碱在溶剂存在下进行反应以形成式I的1,1,1-三氟-2-丙烯化合物,适合用于反应中的碱包括三乙胺,吡啶和碳酸钠等溶剂,如乙醚和四氢呋喃可较好地被采用。该反应简图说明如下:
Figure C9411851100082
除了R是氢的情况,式IIIa的化合物的制备在前述反应简图中已经作了说明。为了制备其中R是氢的式IIIa的化合物,可能需要附加水解步骤。当R不是氢时,式IIIa的化合物的水解会产生具有相同结构的,但除了R成为氢的另一种式IIIa的化合物。
为了促使人们进一步了解本发明,如下实例被提供以更特别详细地说明本发明,但本发明并不局限于此,除了权利要求书中所限定的。
实例1在碱存在下制备2-苯基-5-(三氟甲基)吡咯-3-腈
将三乙胺(4.5g,0.044mol)逐滴加入至4-苯基-2-(三氟甲基)-5(2H)-噁唑酮(10.0g,0.043mol),2-氯丙烯腈(3.51g,0.43mol)和乙腈(50mL)的混合物中,使反应混合物的温度升至65℃,在滴加过程中有二氧化碳逸出。滴加完成后,将反应混合物在回流温度下加热1小时,冷却至室温并倾倒入水(150ml)中,过滤收集固体,风干并在真空和60℃下干燥,给出呈白色固体的标题化合物(10.05g,97%)。通过NMR光谱分析进行鉴定。
采用化学计  量的反应剂并缩短反应时间的情况下,上述过程可提供几乎等量的吡咯产物。
实例2不加碱制备2-苯基-5-(三氟甲基)吡咯-3-腈
将4-苯基-2-(三氟甲基)-5(2H)-噁唑酮(13.5g,0.059mol),2-氯丙烯腈(26ml,0.295mol)和乙腈(250ml)在回流温度下加热52小时,然后将反应混合物冷却至室温并真空浓缩而给出固体,将固体在甲苯中重结晶而给出呈黄色固体的标题产物(10.1g,73%)。通过NMR光谱分析进行鉴定。
尽管采用了大大过量的2-氯丙烯腈和长的反应时间,但不加入碱的方法仅获得73%产率的标题产物。
    实例32-(对一氯苯基)-5-(三氟甲基)吡咯-3-羧酸甲酯的制备
将三乙胺(5.58g,0.055mol)逐滴加入至4-(对氯苯基)-2-(三氟甲基)-5(2H)-噁唑酮(15.6g,0.054mol),α-氯丙烯酸甲酯(6.52g,0.054mol)和乙腈(50ml)的混合物中,在滴加过程中,反应混合物加热至55℃,滴加完成后,在回流温度下加热反应混合物1小时,冷却至室温并过滤,将滤液倾倒至乙醚/水混合物中并用乙醚萃取,通过无水硫酸镁干燥合并的有机萃取物并真空浓缩而给出黑色残余物,在己烷中重结晶残余物而给出呈橙色固体的标题化合物(8.25g,50.2%)。通过NMR光谱分析进行鉴定。
实例4用非极性溶剂代替极性溶剂的制备
该实例显示了采用极性溶剂的必要性,出人意料的是当在非极性溶剂,如甲苯存在下进行实验时,碱催化的反应不产生所需要的吡咯。
Figure C9411851100121
将α-氯丙烯腈(3.85g,0.044mol)加入至0℃的4-苯基-2-(三氟甲基)-5(2H)-噁唑酮(10.0g,0.044mol)和甲苯(50ml)的混合物中,将三乙胺(4.49g,0.044mol)逐滴加入反应混合物中并将温度上升至25℃,当滴加完成后,往反应混合物中加入水,并分离各层。通过无水硫酸镁干燥有机层并真空浓缩而给出呈琥珀色液体的α-氯-5-氧-4-苯基-2-(三氟甲基)-3-噁唑啉-2-丙腈(8.37g,60%)。通过NMR光谱分析进行鉴定。
实例5该实例展示了往在实例4中所形成的产物中加入碱和极性溶剂(例如乙腈),形成了所需要的吡咯。
将三乙胺(0.077g,0.76mmol)逐滴加入到α-氯-5-氧-4-苯基-2-(三氟甲基)-3-噁唑啉-2-丙腈(0.24g,0.76mmol)和乙腈(25ml)的回流混合物中。将反应混合物回流2小时,冷却至室温并倾倒入水中,过滤收集固体并干燥而给出呈白色固体的标题化合物(0.10g,88%)。通过NMR光谱分析进行鉴定。
实例6
溶剂和碱对于2-芳基-5-(三氟甲基)吡咯形成的影响
表I显示了溶剂和碱的改变对于从4-苯基-2-(三氟甲基)-5(2H)-噁唑酮和2-氯丙烯腈合成2-苯基-5-(三氟甲基)吡咯-3-腈的影响,所示百分数代表在回流1/2小时后对反应混合物进行HPLC分析而确定的面积百分数。
表I溶剂和碱的影响产率%溶剂                碱            (芳基吡咯)甲苯                三乙胺            11甲苯                吡啶              8四氢呋喃            三乙胺            39乙醇                三乙胺            80乙腈                三乙胺            96乙腈                -                 4*二甲基甲酰胺        吡啶              100二甲基甲酰胺        碳酸钠            74二甲基甲酰胺        三乙胺            100*1小时回流实例7
在2-芳基-5-(三氟甲基)吡咯形成中碱的影响
碱对于2-芳基-5-(三氟甲基)吡咯合成的影响示于表II中,乙腈是在所有的反应中的溶剂。
表  IIW    L       Y         X    三乙胺的当量    时间      产率%H    4-Cl    CN         Cl        0          78a       79H    4-Cl    CN         Cl        1          1/2a      96CF3 H       CO2C2H6Br        0          24a       2CF3 H       CO2C2H5Br        1          2b        20
H    4-Cl      CO2CH3    Cl    41/2a    27
H    4-Cl      CO2CH3    Cl    1a       50
a.反应混合物的回流的时间(小时)
b.反应混合物在室温下搅拌的时间(小时)
实例8在2-芳基-5-(三氟甲基)吡咯形成中溶剂的影响
在由4-(对氯苯基)-2-(三氟甲基)-5(2H)-噁唑酮和2-氯丙烯腈形成2-(对氯苯基-5-(三氟甲基)吡咯-3-腈中溶剂的影响示于表III中。
表III
在2-芳基-5-(三氟甲基)吡咯形成中溶剂的影响溶剂        2-氯丙烯腈的当量    时间a     产率%硝基甲烷            10            21        14甲苯                10            17        17三氟乙酸酐          10            17        17乙腈                10            17        46a.反应混合物回流的时间(小时)
这些实验的结果表明,在不加入碱的情况下,即使采用极性溶剂和长的时间,产率通常是不佳的。
实例94,4,4-三氟丁烯腈(E)-和(Z)-的制备
将通过往被加热至150-180℃的聚磷酸(300ml)中加入1-乙氧基-2,2,2-三氟乙醇(77.6g,0.48mol)而制得的三氟乙醛(47.4g,0.48mol)用氮气吹入到含(三苯基膦酰亚苯胺基)乙腈(97.3g,0.32mol)的乙醚(400ml)的料浆中,历时2小时。将反应混合物在氮气下搅拌过夜,过滤掉固体氧化三苯基膦后,蒸去乙醚而得到橙色溶液,球管对球管蒸馏溶液,得到呈澄清无色油的2个馏分的标题化合物(14.3g,37%)。馏分1(沸点20-40℃,14mm)含有(E):(Z)为6∶1的混合物。馏分2(沸点40-50℃,14mm)含有(Z),(E)为2∶1的混合物,通过NMR分析鉴定馏分。
    实例102,3-二溴-4,4,4-三氟丁腈的制备
Figure C9411851100161
(E)和(Z)
在5分钟内将溴(4.75g,0.029mol)加入到4,4,4-三氟丁烯腈(3.46g,0.029mol)和四氯化碳(70ml)的溶液中,将所得到的暗红色溶液回流5小时,然后加入水(70ml)以使反应终止,分离出有机层,相继用水,5%硫代硫酸钠和水洗涤,通过无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空浓缩而得到呈黄色油状的标题产物(6.1g,76%),通过NMR光谱分析进行鉴定。
按照实例10的过程,但用经适当取代的1,1,1-三氟-2-丙烯代替4,4,4-三氟丁烯腈,获得如下化合物Z                   状态
Figure C9411851100163
     无色油
Figure C9411851100164
         黄色油
Figure C9411851100171
         黄色油
实例112-溴-4,4,4-三氟丁烯腈(E)-和(Z)-的制备
Figure C9411851100172
(E)和(Z)
将三乙胺(3.7g,0.037mol)逐滴加入至2,3-二溴-4,4,4-三氟丁腈(5.32g,0.023mol)和四氢呋喃(100ml)的溶液中。在滴加过程中形成大量白色沉淀连续搅拌1小时,然后过滤出固体并用四氢呋喃洗涤,馏出四氢呋喃而得到暗褐色油,球管对球管蒸馏(15mm,24℃)该油而获得呈澄清无色液体的标题产物(3.1g,82%),NMR光谱分析鉴定为E∶Z为6∶1的混合物。
按实例11中所描述的过程,但用经适当取代的1,2-二溴-3,3.3-三氟丙烷代替2,3-二溴-4,4,4-三氟丁腈而获得如下所示的化合物。
Figure C9411851100173
(E)和(Z)Z                 状态  澄清黄色油
Figure C9411851100175
         红色油
实例122-(对氯苯基)-4,5-双(三氟甲基)吡咯-3-腈的制备
将4-(对氯苯基)-2-(三氟甲基)-2-噁唑啉-5-酮(2.0g,7.59mmol)和2-溴-4,4,4-三氟丁烯腈(0.81g,4.05mmol)溶解于乙腈(10ml)中。往所得到的黄色溶液中逐滴加入三乙胺(0.45g,4.46mmol),同时,水浴冷却反应烧瓶。在25℃下搅拌过夜后,将反应混合物倾倒入水中,用乙酸乙酯萃取含水相,并相继用水,5%硫代硫酸钠溶液和盐水洗涤合并的有机萃取物,通过无水硫酸镁干燥并真空浓缩而给出黄色固体,将该固体进行硅胶色谱层析并用己烷/乙酸乙酯(3∶1)洗脱而获得呈黄色晶体的标题化合物(1.26g,熔点208℃)。
按实例12的过程,但用3-溴-5,5,5-三氟-3-戊-2-酮代替2-溴-4,4,4-三氟丁烯腈而获得呈黄色结晶状的2-(对氯苯基)-4,5-双(三氟甲基)吡咯-3-基甲基酮。
实例132-(对氯苯基)-4,5-双(三氟甲基)吡咯-3-羧酸乙酯的制备
将三乙胺(1.1g,0.011mol)逐滴加入到4-(对氯苯基)-2-(三氟甲基)-2-噁唑啉-5-酮(2,64g,0.01mol)和乙腈(25ml)的溶液中,在室温下搅拌10分钟后,往反应混合物中逐滴加入2-溴-4,4,4-三氟巴豆酸乙酯(2.47g,0.01mol)和乙腈(1ml)的溶液,反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时,然后,将其倾倒入水中并用乙酸乙酯萃取,相继用水和盐水洗涤合并的有机萃取物,通过无水硫酸镁干燥并真空浓缩而给出橙色油,将其静置固化,用己烷研细而给出呈黄色固体的标题产物(2.36g,61.3%,熔点138-140℃)。
    实例142-(3,4-二氯苯基)-4,5-双(三氟甲基)吡咯-3-腈的制备
Figure C9411851100201
将三乙胺(0.59g,5.83mmol)逐滴加入到2,3-二溴-4,4,4-三氟丁腈(1.63g,10.2mmol)和四氢呋喃(20ml)的溶液中,连续搅拌15分钟,然后往反应混合物中逐滴加入4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-2-(三氟甲基)-2-噁唑啉-5-酮(2.6g,8.72mmol),三乙胺(0.88g,8.7mmol)和乙腈(5ml)的溶液,将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,倾倒入水中并用乙酸乙酯萃取,相继用水和盐水洗涤混合的有机萃取物,通过无水硫酸镁干燥开真空浓缩而给出褐色油,采用硅胶对该油进行色谱层析,并用己烷/乙酸乙酯(3∶1)洗脱而得到呈淡黄色固体的标题产物(1.49g,67%,熔点205-208℃)。

Claims (5)

1.一种制备具有结构式:
Figure C9411851100021
其中:W是C1-C4烷基,CF3或H;Y是CN,NO2或CO2R;R是C1-C4烷基;L是H,F,Cl或Br;M是H,F,Cl,Br,I,CF3,NO2或OR1;和R1是C1-C3烷基或C2F4H的第一种化合物的方法,其特征在于它包括将具有结构式:其中L和M如上所述的第二种化合物与至少1个摩尔当量的具有结构:其中W和Y如上所述,X是Cl,Br,I,或
Figure C9411851100032
的第三种化合物或它的异构体
Figure C9411851100033
或它的顺、反异构体的混合物在至少1个摩尔当量的碱和极性溶剂存在下反应以形成所说的第一种化合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于碱是碱金属碳酸盐,C1-C4三烷基胺或吡啶,极性溶剂是乙腈,二甲基甲酰胺,二甲基亚砜,乙醇,甲醇或异丙醇。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于所述碱是三乙胺。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于所述极性溶剂是乙腈。
5.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于反应混合物的温度是20℃-180℃。
CN94118511A 1990-07-31 1994-11-25 杀虫、杀螨和杀线虫的2-芳基-5-(三氟甲基)吡咯化合物的制备方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1034933C (zh)

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