CN1034753A - 改进的低温内燃机润滑油组合物 - Google Patents
改进的低温内燃机润滑油组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1034753A CN1034753A CN88107967A CN88107967A CN1034753A CN 1034753 A CN1034753 A CN 1034753A CN 88107967 A CN88107967 A CN 88107967A CN 88107967 A CN88107967 A CN 88107967A CN 1034753 A CN1034753 A CN 1034753A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- alkyl
- acid zinc
- lubricating oil
- inhibitor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 179
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithiophosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=S NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- -1 hydroxyl zinc dithiophosphates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 122
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Ca] ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=O RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 14
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 58
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 50
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 43
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 43
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 40
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 40
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 28
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 28
- 235000001055 magnesium Nutrition 0.000 description 27
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 25
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 23
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 20
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 20
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 14
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 9
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydromaleimide Natural products O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 8
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 7
- WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;dioxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 7
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 6
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RWZYAGGXGHYGMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthranilic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O RWZYAGGXGHYGMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940059574 pentaerithrityl Drugs 0.000 description 6
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCCN XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver carbonate Substances [Ag].[O-]C([O-])=O LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001958 silver carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000108 silver(I,III) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NESLWCLHZZISNB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium phenolate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 NESLWCLHZZISNB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium propionate Chemical compound [Na+].CCC([O-])=O JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004324 sodium propionate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010334 sodium propionate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003212 sodium propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- UUCCCPNEFXQJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Sr+2] UUCCCPNEFXQJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001866 strontium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940051851 sulfurated lime Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thianthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003566 thiocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NFMWFGXCDDYTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimagnesium;diborate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] NFMWFGXCDDYTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000207 volumetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XDWXRAYGALQIFG-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;propanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCC([O-])=O.CCC([O-])=O XDWXRAYGALQIFG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种润滑油组合物,该组合物包括
作为主要组分的润滑粘性油和次要组分:(A)(1)至
少一种高碱性磺酸盐或酚盐和(2)至少一种镁的高碱
性磺酸盐或酚盐的混合物,(B)(1)至少一种二伯烃
基二硫代磷酸锌和(2)至少一种二伯烃基二硫代磷酸
锌的混合物,其中,混合Ca和Mg′洗涤抑制剂以及
混合二伯烃基二硫代磷酸锌和二伯烃基二硫代磷酸
锌抗磨损剂以适当比例应用。
Description
本发明涉及能明显改善低温缸体磨损的润滑油组合物。具体地讲,本发明涉及除含分散剂添加剂外,还含有少量的钙和镁的磺酸盐与伯和仲锌抗磨损剂混合物的润滑油组合物。
提供润滑油组合物使汽油和柴油发动机能够在低温缸体和环磨损方面取得明显的改善并同时延长发动机寿命是工业上的一大任务。在低温下操作的发动机中,如对于不带调温器进行操作并且在不存在常规抗冻剂/冷却剂(如乙二醇)的情况下用水冷的汽油发动机,缸体的磨损问题特别重要。配制出的高温下应用的润滑油,对于乙二醇/水冷汽油发动机一般不完全令人满意。
美国专利29 11 367涉及用于防止暴露于潮气的金属表面生锈腐蚀的矿物油组合物,该组合物含主要成分矿物润滑油和量较少的添加成分,添加成分为碱金属盐,油溶性磺酸,金属的烷基硫代磷酸盐,每个分子有3~6个碳原子和3-6个羟基的多元醇与至少有8个碳原子的脂肪酸的部分酯,以及乙二醇的C6侧链烷基醚。所说的金属烷基硫代磷酸盐包括镁、钙、锌、锶、镉和钡的烷基硫代磷酸盐,其中典型的例子是锌的辛基二硫代磷酸盐和锌的辛基己基二硫代磷酸盐。按组合物总量计磺酸盐的用量为1~5%(重量),而金属烷基硫\代磷酸盐(包括上述锌的二辛基二硫磷酸盐和锌的辛基己基二硫磷酸盐)的优选用量为0.1~1.5%(重量)。
美国专利35 62 159涉及合成润滑剂,其中含润滑粘度类似基本液体的羧酸酯,作为添加剂,还含烷基化亚烷多胺(约5~30重量份),碱土金属磺酸盐(5~15重量份),金属的磷酸二硫盐(5-70重量份),磷 酸化烃的碱土金属盐,烃取代琥珀酸的酯,以及烷基酚硫碱土金属盐。
美国专利37 14 042涉及处理后的高碱合成物,且公开该合成物作为添加剂在润滑油,汽油和其它有机材料中是很有用的。其中碱性金属合成物选自磺酸盐,磺酸盐-羧酸盐及羧酸合成物,在所指定的温度条件其量高到相当于其中的总碱性,且使用了每个羧基至少含25个脂肪族碳原子的高分子量脂族酸酐或羧酸。碱性金属盐合成物中的金属可是镁或钙(特殊引用的金属实例)。也可将另外的添加剂与所说的组合物合并使用,如第二主族金属的二硫代磷酸盐,具体例子有二环己基二硫代磷酸锌和二辛基二硫代磷酸锌。
美国专利39 33 659涉及润滑油组合物,其中含润滑粘度的主要成分油和有效量的链烯基琥珀酰亚胺,二烃基二硫代磷酸的Ⅱ族金属盐,碱性硫化碱土金属烷基酚盐,以及选自某一脂肪酸酯和脂肪酸酰胺或胺的化合物。其中二烃基二硫代磷酸的Ⅱ族金属盐的量占功能流体重量的0.5~1.5%,而碱性硫化碱土金属烷基酚盐的量占0.4~4%。
美国专利43 08 154涉及二烷基二硫代磷酸和羧酸的混合金属盐(特别是锌盐),据该文献,这些盐对于润滑剂和功能流体(如液压机流体),作为抗氧化剂和改进了热稳定性的耐高压添加剂是很有用的。该发明中的混合金属盐还包括第Ⅰ和第Ⅱ族金属盐。
美国专利44 17 990涉及混合金属盐/硫化酚盐组合物,作为抗氧化剂和改进热稳定性耐极高压力添加剂用于润滑剂和功能流体;其中包含了美国专利43 08 154所公开的内容。
为制备所需的金属盐,现有技术中有多种方案都涉及到所用的二烷基二硫代磷酸中出现烷基或芳基的碳含量,性质和型式。例如,美国专利2344393中说到,以前认为金属二硫代磷酸盐应有一或多个长链烷基,以使具有实际应用价值的润滑油有足够的可溶性;但该专利权人发现二戊基二硫代磷酸锌是油溶性的。美国专利3318808中说含较多(多于4个)碳 原子的烷基能增加油溶性。由此,该文接着说,可组合使用C4烷基和C5和C5以上的较低级伯醇和/或仲醇,各醇比例应选择使经济上的考虑和可溶性上的考虑相协调。
美国专利3190833公开了油溶性第二族金属二硫代磷酸盐,其中选用钙、钡、锶、锌和镉的二硫代磷酸盐为佳,而每个磷酸根中至少有总平均数为7.6的脂肪族碳原子。为改进金属盐的油溶性,还使它与可高达0.75摩尔的环氧化物反应。
美国专利3000822是又一篇涉及制备二硫代磷酸盐,再用作润滑剂添加剂的文献。该文也说到二烷基二硫代磷酸锌盐的混合物,其中的烷基包括少于5个碳原子的低分子量脂肪族伯烃基和至少有5个碳原子的高分子的脂肪族伯烃基的混合物。锌盐中低分子量烃基对高分子量烃基的比率为1∶1~3∶1。
在现有技术中有多种建议用以改进在油溶性上易出问题的较低级烷基二硫代磷酸盐的实用性。美国专利4306984公开了使非油溶性金属C2~C3二烷基二硫代磷酸盐具有油溶性的方法,它是使二硫代磷酸盐与链烯基或烷基单或双琥珀酰亚胺之间形成配合物。用于这样的添加剂组合物的润滑由可用于内燃机曲柄箱。在美国专利3843530中,提出另一种制备烷基有1-13个碳原子的碱性或碱性与中性混合的二烷基二硫代磷酸锌盐不结晶混合物的方法。此碱性或碱性与中性锌盐混合物中有4-13个不同的烷基,平均碳原子含量为3.5-4.5,且至少含12%(重量)的锌。
美国专利4466895也涉及润滑油组合物;其中含一或多种二烷基二硫代磷酸金属盐;其中每个烷基有2-4碳原子且至少有一个烷基是丁基,对每个磷原子碳原子总数少于8,按摩尔计其中约30-90%的烷基是伯烷基且有10-70%的烷基是仲烷基,其中的金属盐是锌,铜或铁盐,或其混合盐,或钙盐与上述一或多种盐的混合物;而且当只有二个烷基时,按摩尔计约30-80%的烷基是正-丁基,约20-70%的烷基是正丙基。专利权 人宣称,用作润滑油抗磨损和抗氧化剂,这些金属盐十分有用。文献还举例说到,这些低级二烷基二硫代磷酸盐与常规较高级烷基的二烷基二硫代磷酸锌在效果很好的配方中组合使用,此配方中还含有碱性的磺化石油钙盐和镁盐的混合物。
迄今为止已制备出用混合的二烷基二硫代磷酸制备的二烷基二硫代磷酸锌盐。美国专利3293181涉及用至少两种不同的支链伯醇混合物制备混合盐,其中一种是异丁醇,另外的醇至少含6个碳原子。
美国专利3397145公开,烷基硫代磷酸中的烷基可是直链或支链烷基,烷基可是伯,仲和/或叔取代基(相同或不同烷基)。
美国专利3442804涉及用于润滑组合物的二硫代磷酸锌,其中的烃基是后伯烷基且由低分量和高分子基团的混合物组成。
美国专利4328111涉及改性的高硷磺酸盐和苯酚盐,其中硷性化合物与包括有机羧酸,有机羧酸酐,磷酸,磷酸酯,硫代磷酸酯或其混合物的酸性化合物反应。
美国专利4614692也涉及润滑剂组合物,其中含有高硷的洗涤剂-分散剂润滑剂添加剂,这里面含有碱土金属的酚盐与烷基苯磺酸铵的反应产物;专利权人还指出这样的添加剂可与其它常规润滑剂添加剂组合使用,包括二烷基二硫代磷酸锌等抗磨损剂。上述烷基苯磺酸盐可以包括由碱土金属如Ca,Mg,Ba,其氧化物或氢氧化物以及它们的混合物衍生出来的磺酸盐。举例来说,与高硷磺酸镁反应的改性剂可以是2-乙基己基二硫代磷酸。
美国专利4362633涉及润滑油添加剂,其中含有含钼的胺化硫化添加剂。专利权人指出,这种添加剂可与含高硷的钙酚盐,高硷磺酸镁和二烷基二硫代磷酸锌的化合物组合使用。
欧洲专利24146涉及含有含铜抗氧化剂的润滑油组合物;润滑油组合物中含铜抗氧化剂的实例中还含有1.0wt.%的400 TBN磺酸镁(含 9.2wt%的镁),0.3wt.%的250TBN钙酚盐(含9.3wt.%的钙),以及烷基二硫代磷酸锌;其中的二烷基二硫代磷酸锌中的烷基或这类基团的混合物含有4~5个碳原子,且用P2S5与约65%的异丁醇和35%的戊醇混合物反应制备,使润滑油组合物中的含磷量为1.0wt.%。
欧洲专利申请92946涉及改进燃料经济效益的润滑油组合物,其中含有丙三醇部分酯和油溶性有机铜化合物。该文献还叙述了含有上述组合物且与硷性金属洗涤剂和抗磨损剂掺合在一起的组合物。文献公开了,可取的洗涤剂是普通的或高硷的钙或镁的酚盐,硫化酚盐和/或磺酸盐;还公开,抗磨损添加剂一般是油溶性二烃基二硫代磷酸锌且其中最少有5个碳原子。
美国专利4104180涉及生产高硷碳酸盐的方法。在例11中叙述了含1.2wt%中性苯酚钙,1.2wt%二烷基二硫代磷酸锌和1.2wt%磺酸镁的润滑油。
N.E.Gallopoulos等人(见ASLE Transactions Vol.14,pp.1-7,1971)研究了在磺酸盐与二烷基二硫代磷酸锌的混合物老化的情况下,且碱性磺化石油钙盐也起作用,二烷基二硫代磷酸锌与润滑油分散剂之间的相互反应;并得出结论,化学反应很容易发生。但并没有碱土金属磺酸盐混合物方面的研究报告。
J.A.Mc Geehan等人(看SAE Daper 852133,1983,pps.879-892)研究了二硫代磷酸锌和洗涤剂在控制分散剂磨损方面的效果。结论是,在控制汽油机活塞磨损方面,二芳基二硫代磷酸锌比二烷基二硫代磷酸锌的效果差。根据作者用多种二烷基二硫代磷酸锌和钙或镁洗涤剂进行的研究,得出结论,为了控制汽油活塞系列磨损,柴油机汽缸光洁度差带来的磨损,以及柴油机轴从动青铜销磨损,控制发动机磨损需要准确地使二硫代磷酸锌与洗涤剂的型式匹配。但是文献中并没有指出二硫代磷酸锌中烷基的型式,也没有确定钙镁洗涤剂混合物的效果。
总而言之,上述文献中没有一篇公开过控制混合钙/镁洗涤剂和混合伯/仲二硫代磷酸锌抗磨损剂的相对量能得到实际效益。
本发明提供促使抑制缸体和环磨损腐蚀的润滑油组合物,它包括作为主成分的润滑粘度的油和作为辅助成分的改进的下述混合物:
(A)由至少一种钙高碱磺酸盐或酚盐洗涤抑制剂(1)和至少一种镁高碱磺酸盐或酚盐洗涤抑制剂(2)组成的混合物;
(B)由至少一种二伯烃基二硫代磷酸锌(1)和至少一种二伯烃基二硫代磷酸锌(2)组成的混合物;
其中,组分(A)包括约0.7~0.9wt%的润滑油组合物,组分(B)包括约0.7-1.2wt%的润滑油组合物;而且混合的钙镁洗涤抑制剂中(A)(1)∶(A)(2)的重量比为约0.3∶1~1.3∶1,混合物(B)抗磨损剂(B)(1)∶(B)(2)的重量比在约0.7∶1~3.1∶1之间。
本发明的基础是意外地发现了,在降低缸体的环磨损的效果与曲柄箱润滑油组合物中的混合钙/镁洗涤抑制剂和混合伯/仲锌抗磨损剂的比例之间有确定的关系,而且正是这些混合物赋予单位重量的添加剂一定程度的降低缸体和环磨损效果,这是本领域以前没有认识到的。具有同等意义的是,润滑油的其它所希望的性质和效果,例如适用性,清洁性和分散性,并没有因此而受损。
组分A
组分A是一或多种下述有机酸的碱性钙和镁的盐,有机磺酸(一般地讲是石油磺酸或合成烷芳基磺酸),石油环烷酸,烷基苯磺酸,烷基酚,亚烷基二酚,油溶性脂肪酸,水杨酸等,例如下述美国专利中所述的酸,2501731,2616904,2616905,2616906,2616911,2616924,2616925,2617049,2777874,3027325,3256186,3282835, 3384585,3373108,3365396,3342733,3320162,3312618,3318809,和3562159。为了明确,上述专利公开的内容在此并于本说明书中,从而补充叙述了在本发明有用的复合物。在石油磺酸盐中,最有用的产品是用磺化适当的所有馏分再除去酸性淤留物且纯化的方法制备。合成烷芳基磺酸通常从烷基化苯制备,例如苯和聚合物(如四聚丙烯)的Friede-Crafts反应产物。适用的酸还可用下述化合物的烷基化衍生物经磺化制备,例如氧化二亚苯基噻蒽,酚二甲噻吩(phenolthioxine),二亚苯基硫,噻吩嗪,二苯基氧,二苯基硫,二苯基胺,环己烷,十氢化萘等。
经常用高碱钙镁磺酸盐作洗涤剂。通常它是由将含有油溶性磺酸盐或烷芳基磺酸和过量碱土金属化合物的混合物加热,然后通过过量的碱土金属与二氧化碳反应形成分散的碳酸盐配合物的方法制备,所说的过量是指超过完全中和存在的所有磺酸所需要的量,这样提供了所希望的高碱性。磺酸一般是用磺化烷基取代的芳烃的方法制备,烷基取代的芳烃可是石油分馏物和/或抽提物,也可从烷基化芳烃制备,例如,烷基化苯、甲苯、二甲苯、萘、联苯及其囟代衍生物,如氯苯、氯甲苯、氯萘。烷基化反应可在催化剂存在的条件下,用有3到多于30个碳原子的烷基化试剂进行。例如,囟化石蜡,石蜡脱氢得到的烯烃,从乙烯,丙烯等得到的聚烯烃等都适用。烃芳基磺化物通常含有9到70或更多个碳原子,以每个烷基取代的芳基含有16-50个碳原子更可取。
用于中和烷芳基磺酸以生成磺酸盐的碱土金属化合物包括氧化物,氢氧化物,烷氧化物,碳酸盐,羧酸盐,硫化物,氢硫化物,硝酸盐,硼酸盐及含镁,钙及钡的醚。例如,氧化钙,氢氧化钙,乙酸镁和硼酸镁。如上述,碱土金属化合物的用量是要超过完全中和烷芳基磺酸的量。通常用量为完全中和磺酸所需化学计量的100-220%,较可取的为至少125%
已知多种其它的制备碱土金属烷芳基磺酸盐的方法,如美国专利3150088和3150089中的方法,其中的高碱性是用在烃稀释溶剂油中水解烷氧-碳酸盐与烷氧芳基磺酸盐配合物的方法得到。
可取的磺酸镁添加剂是总碱数为约300-400的烷芳基磺酸镁,按分散到润滑油中的添加剂的总重量计磺酸镁的含量为约25~32wt%。可取的是磺酸钙添加剂是总碱数约300-400的烷芳基磺酸钙,按分散到润滑油中的添加剂的总量计,其用量为约25-32wt%。
作为制备所用配合物的具体方法实例,可将油溶性磺酸,例如合成的双十二烷基苯磺酸,于50-150℃与过量的石灰(如每当量酸10当量石灰),反应促进剂如甲醇,庚基酚或其混合物,以及某种溶剂(如矿物油)相混合,然后将这些工艺物料碳酸化,直到形成均相物料。按照美国专利3312618中的过程,就可得到磺酸,羧酸或其混合酸的配合物。另一例子是制备磺酸镁,为此可使用普通镁盐,过量的氧化镁,水,和醇,例如甲醇。
用于制备磺酸羧酸配合物和羧酸配合物(如从上述工艺得到的配合物在工艺过程的某一步骤中使用了磺酸羧酸混合物或只使用了羧酸)的羧酸是油溶性酸,包括至少有12个最多有24个脂肪碳原子的一级脂肪酸。这类酸的实例包括,棕榈酸、硬脂酸、十四烷酸,油酸,亚油酸,十三烷酸,二十二碳烷酸等。当然也可使用环羧酸,包括芳香酸和带环脂肪酸。芳香酸是指含有苯环结构(如苯环或萘环)和油溶性基团或至少有总数为15-18个碳原子的酸,最好含有15-200个碳原子。芳香酸的实例有,硬脂基苯甲酸,苯基硬脂酸,单蜡或多蜡取代的苯甲酸或萘甲酸(其蜡基至少有十八个碳原子),十六碳烷基苯甲酸等。环脂肪酸应至少有12个,一般有多到约30个碳原子,实例有石油环烷酸,十六碳烷基环己烷羧酸,二月桂基十氢化萘羧酸,二辛基环戊烷羧酸等。上述酸的羧基上,一或二个氧原子被硫取代的硫代羧酸是十分希望的。
在磺酸和羧酸的混合物中,磺酸对羧酸的比至少为1∶1(按化学当量计),一般低于5∶1,最好在1∶1~2∶1之间。
术语“碱性盐”和“高碱盐”的意思是按化学计量算,盐中的金属量比磺酸根的量大。
在本说明书和权利要求书中,术语“配合物”是指碱性金属盐,其中存在的金属量大于正常盐或中性盐的金属量。配合物的“碱数”指用滴定法测量,与1克配合物相当的KOH的毫克数。通常制备碱性盐的方法包括将酸与金属的正常盐的油溶液与金属中和剂,如氧化物,氢氧化物,碳酸盐,碳酸氢盐或硫化物一起加热(至少高于5℃),然后过滤。在中和步骤使用的帮助过量金属参加反应“促进剂”是已知的,是制备这类组合物优选使用的。促进剂的实例有酚类物质如苯酚,萘酚,烷基苯酚,硫酚,硫化烷基苯酚及甲醛和酚类物质的缩聚产物;醇类如甲醇,2-丙醇,辛醇,溶纤剂,卡必醇,乙二醇,硬脂烷醇及环己醇;胺类如苯胺,亚苯二胺,吩噻嗪,酚β-萘胺及十二烷基胺。
通常按上述方法制得的碱性组合物再用二氧化碳处理,直到碱数低于50(按ASTM,D2896测量)。常常发现,用逐部添加钙或镁的碱性物且每次添加后接着碳酸化的方法对形成碱性产品是很有利的。用此法可得到含金属比率非常高(10或更高)的产物。此处术语“金属比率”指磺酸盐配合物中碱土金属的当量对磺酸根阴离子当量的比。例如,正常磺酸盐的金属比率为1,磺酸钙配合物中,若含有正常磺酸盐中的钙的2倍时,金属的比率为2。适合作为组分A的混合物,金属比率至少为约1.1。例如可为约1.1-30,可取的金属比率约为2-20。
经常发现,将碱性磺酸盐和氨茴酸加热到140-200℃使其反应是十分有利的。氨茴酸的用量一般低于1重量分/10重量分磺嵫危扇?重量分/40~200重量分。氨茴酸的存在能改进磺酸盐抗氧化和抗腐蚀性。
本领域中碱性碱土金属磺酸盐是公知的,且在多篇专利中已公开了它 的制备方法,如美国专利3027325,3312618和3350308。这些专利中和其它专利所述的磺酸盐都可在本发明中使用。
最好分别制备钙和镁的碱性盐,然后按量混合。一般说来,在制备所用的稀释剂或溶剂存在的条件掺合这些分别制备洗涤抑制剂将是十分方便的。
较好的是高碱性的含钙洗涤剂抑制剂和高碱性的含镁洗涤剂抑制剂的用量为每份含镁洗涤剂抑制剂使用约0.3至1.3份含钙洗涤剂抑制剂,使用约0.8至1.2份为佳(以相应金属表示)。
组分A(即A(1)和(2)之和)在全成分润滑油中的用量一般为约0.7-0.9wt%。
组份A也可含其它碱土和/或碱金属洗涤剂抑制剂,如碱性或中性磺酸钠,磺酸钾和磺酸锂及其水杨酸盐以及碱性或中性的磺酸钡、石炭酸钡和水杨酸钡。用作组份A的混合物的例子有高碱性的磺酸钙、高碱性的磺酸镁和高碱性的磺酸钠洗涤剂抑制剂的混合物。
组份B:
该组份是(1)二伯烃基二硫代磷酸的金属盐与(2)二仲烃基二硫代磷酸的金属盐的混合物。可产生B-1金属盐的酸类可由式(Ⅰ)的酸予以说明
式中R1和R2相同或不同,可以是烷基、环烷基、芳烷基、烷芳基或结构基本相似的烃基。可形成B-2金属盐的酸类可由式(Ⅱ)的酸予以说明:
式中R3、R4、R5和R6相同或不同,可以是烷基、环烷基、烷芳基或结构基本相似的烃基。
“结构基本相似的烃基”是指基团含有醚、酯、硝基或囟素等取代基而不显著影响该基团的烃特性。
因此可认为式Ⅰ的酸类含有二伯烃基取代基,其中每一与氧键合的碳是伯碳、即-CH2-O。同样,可认为式Ⅱ的酸含有二仲烃基取代基,其中每一与氧键合的碳是仲碳,即>CH-O。
适宜的R1至R6基团的具体例子包括异丙基、异丁基、正丁基、仲丁基、正己基、庚基、2-乙基己基、二异丁基、异辛基、癸基、十二烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基、十八烷基、丁基苯基、邻、对-二戊基苯基、辛基苯基、聚异丁烯(分子量350)取代的苯基、四丙烯取代的苯基、β-辛基丁基萘基、环戊基、环己基、苯基、氯苯基、邻二氯苯基、溴苯基、萘次甲基、2-甲基环己基、苄基、氯苄基、氯戊基、二氯苯基、硝基苯基、二氯癸基和联苯基。以带约3至30个碳原子的烷基和带约6至30个碳原子的芳基为宜。尤其适宜的R1至R6基团是3至18碳的烷基。
通过使五硫化二磷与醇或酚反应很容易获得二硫代磷酸。反应包括在约20至200℃下将4摩尔醇或酚与一摩尔五硫化二磷相混合。反应发生而释放出硫化氢。
在本发明中有效的金属盐包括含有Ⅰ主族金属、Ⅱ主族金属、铝、铅、锡、钼、镁、钴和镍的盐类。推荐的金属是锌。可与该酸反应的金属化合物的实例包括氧化锂、氢氧化锂、碳酸锂、戊酸锂、氧化钠、氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、甲酸钠、丙酸钠、酚钠盐、氧化钾、氢氧化钠、碳酸钾、甲酸钾、氧化银、碳酸银、氧化镁、氢氧化镁、碳酸镁、乙酸镁、丙酸镁、酚镁盐、氧化钙、氢氧化钙、碳酸钙、甲酸钙、丙酸钙、戊酸钙、氧化锌、氢氧化锌、碳酸锌、丙酸锌、氧化锶、氢氧化锶、氧化镉、氢氧化镉、碳酸镉、乙酸镉、氧化钡、氢氧化钡、钡水合物、碳酸钡、乙酸钡、戊酸钡、氧化铝、丙酸铝、氧化铅、氢氧化铅、碳酸铅、氧化锡、丁酸锡、氧化钴、氢氧化钴、碳酸钴、戊酸钴、氧化镍、氢氧化镍和碳酸镍。
在某些情况下,掺入某些成分如少量金属乙酸盐或乙酸与金属反应剂并用有助于此反应而产生得到改进的产物。例如,使用多达约5%的乙酸锌与需要量的氧化锌共用有助于二硫代磷酸锌的形成。
二硫代磷酸金属盐的制法在技术上是众所周知的,在大量授权专利中作过介绍,包括美国专利3293181;3397145;3396109和3442804,所述有关制备本发明中用到的有机二硫代磷酸金属盐的方法的公开内容在此引为参考。
所用金属盐B-1和B-2的相对用量对本发明相当关键。金属盐B-1(即式Ⅰ的二伯烃基二硫代磷酸的金属盐)的用量为约每重量份金属盐B-2(式Ⅱ的二仲烃基二硫代磷酸金属盐)用约0.7至3.1重量份,以0.8至1.55重量份为佳,以0.7至1.8重量份为最佳。组分B(即B(1)和B(2)之和)在全成分润滑油中的用量一般为约0.7-1.2wt%,优选为0.8-1.1wt%。
最好分别制备B-1和B-2金属盐,然后混合制成混合的抗磨组份B。换言之,伯酸仲酸Ⅰ和Ⅱ可以当场形成混合的B-1和B-2金属盐,形成具有所需金属盐B-1与金属盐B-2当量比的组份B。
润滑油组合物
润滑油组合物,例如适用于汽油机和柴油机的重负荷机油等,可采用本发明的添加剂制备。还可以制备其中润滑油组合物既适用于汽油机又适用于柴油机的通用型曲轴箱润滑油。这些润滑油配方一般含有多种不同添加剂,而正是这些添加剂赋予配方所需的特性。这些种类不同的添加剂包括粘度指数改进剂、抗氧化剂、缓蚀剂、其它洗涤、无灰分散剂、倾点降低剂、其它抗磨添加剂等。
在润滑油配方的制备过程中,通常的作法是导入以10-80%(重)[例如20-80%(重)]活性组分浓缩物形式存在的添加剂,这些浓缩存在于烃油(例如矿物润滑油)或其它适宜溶剂之中。在配制成品润滑油,例如曲轴箱车用机油的过程中,相对于每重量份添加剂整套配方,通常可用3-100,例如5-40重量份的润滑油稀释这些浓缩物。当然,这些浓缩物的用途是使在各种材料的处理便于进行并易于溶解或分散于成品混合物之中。因此,举例来说,在润滑油馏分中通常采用以40-50%(重)浓缩物形式存在的组份A-Ca/Mg烃基磺酸盐混合物或Ca/Mg烷基酚盐。
本发明的组分A、B一般与含有具备润滑油粘度的油品、包括天然和合成润滑油及其混合物的润滑油基础油料混合使用。
可以采用任何传统的方式将组分A、B加至润滑油之中。因此,这些混合物可通过分散或溶解被直接加至油中,使油中洗涤剂抑制剂和抗磨添加剂的浓度分别达到所需数值。若将这些物质添加至补充的润滑油中,则须在室温或升温下进行。此外,可将这些组分与适宜的油溶性溶剂和基油混合在一起,以便形成浓缩物,然后使该浓缩物与润滑油基础油料混合得到最终配方。这些浓缩物一般含(以活性成分(A.I.)计)约9-18wt%组分A洗涤抑制添加剂,一般含约10-25wt%组分B抗磨损添加剂,以及一般为约30-90wt%,优选为约40-60wt%的打底油,以浓缩物重量计。
适用于组分A和B的润滑油基础油通过与附加的添加剂结合形成润滑油组合物(即配方)能够有选择性地发挥作用。
天然油品包括动物油和植物油(例如蓖麻油、猪油)、液体石油以及链烷烃类、环烷烃类和混合链烷烃-环烷烃类经过加氢精制、溶剂精制或酸处理的矿物润滑油。由煤或页岩获取的具备润滑粘度的油品也是适用的基油。
氧化烯类聚合物和共聚体及其其中羟基通过酯化、醚化等反应得到改性的衍生物构成了另一类已知的合成润滑油。可供列举的实例有通过环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷聚合而制得的聚氧化亚烷基聚合物、这些聚氧化亚烷基聚合物的烷基和芳基醚(例如平均分子量为1000的甲基-聚异丙二醇醚、分子量为500-1000的聚乙二醇的二苯醚、分子量为1000-1500的聚丙二醇的二乙醚);及其一元和多元羧酸酯,例如乙酸酯、混合C3-8脂肪酸酯和三水缩四乙二醇的C13含氧酸二酯。
另一类适宜的合成润滑油包括二元羧酸(例如苯二甲酸、琥珀酸、烷基琥珀酸和链烯基琥珀酸、马来酸、壬二酸、辛二酸、癸二酸、富马酸、己二酸、亚油酸二聚体、丙二酸、烷基丙二酸、烯基丙二烯)与各种醇所形成的酯(这些醇有如丁醇、己醇、十二烷基醇、2-乙基己醇、乙二醇、二乙二醇单醚、丙二醇)。这些酯的具体实例包括己二酸二丁酯、锒岫?-乙基己基)酯、富马酸二正己酯、癸二酸二辛酯、壬二酸二异辛酯、壬二酸二异癸酯、苯二甲酸二辛酯、苯二甲酸二癸酯、癸二酸二(二十烷基)酯、亚油酸二聚体的2-乙基己基二酯、以及由1摩尔癸二酸与二摩尔三水缩四乙二醇和二摩尔2-乙基己酸反应所生成的混合酯。
用作合成油品的酯类还包括那些由C5-12一元羧酸与多元醇和多羟基醚如新戊二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇和三季戊四醇构成的酯。
诸如聚烷基一、聚芳基一、聚烷氧基一、或聚芳氧基硅氧烷油品和硅酸酯油品之类的硅油组成了另一类适用的合成润滑油;它们包括硅酸四乙酯、硅酸四异丙酯、硅酸四(2-乙基己基)酯、硅酸四(4-甲基-2-乙基己基)酯、硅酸四(对叔丁基苯基)酯、六(4-甲基-2-戊氧基)二硅氧烷、聚(甲基)硅氧烷和聚(甲苯基)硅氧烷。其它合成润滑油包括液体含磷酸酯(例如磷酸三甲苯酯、磷酸三辛酯、癸基膦酸的二乙酯)和聚四氢呋喃。
未经精制、经过精制以及经过再精制的油品均可被用于本发明的润滑油之中。未经精制的油品为那些未经过进一步的提纯处理而直接由天然或合成源获得的油品。举例来说,未经精制的油品可以是直接由干馏操作得到的页岩油、蒸馏直接得到的石油油料或直接由酯化过程得到的并未经过进一步处理就被使用的合成酯类润滑油。精制油与未精制油相似,所不同的是精制油经过一步或多步提纯从而使其一种或多种特性得到改善。对于本领域技术人员来说,许多这类提纯技术如蒸馏、溶剂萃取、酸或碱萃取、过滤和渗滤均是已知的。再精酯油可通过将与获取精制油相似的方法施用于已被使用过的精制油而获得。这种精制油也可被视作再生润滑油或再加工润滑油,并且常常采用脱除失活添加剂和油裂解产物的技术对其进行附加处理。
本发明的新型洗涤剂抑制剂/抗磨添加剂混合物可与粘度指数改进剂一起使用从而形成多级通用汽车发动机润滑油。粘度改性剂赋予润滑油高温和低温操作性能并且使其在升温时仍能保持较粘着的状态而在低温下呈现出可接受的粘度或流动性。粘度改性剂一般也包括聚酯在内的高分子量烃类聚合物。这类粘度改性剂还可以通过衍生使其具有其它特性或功能,如分散特性。采用凝胶渗析色层分离法或渗透压力测定法进行测定可知,这些油溶性粘度改进聚合物的数均分子量一般为103-106,以104-106为佳,例如20000-250000。
适宜的烃聚合物的实例包括由二个或多个C2-30(例如C2-8)烯烃单体构成的均聚物和共聚物,这类单体包括α-烯烃和内烯烃,它们可以是直链或支链脂族、芳族、烷基芳族、脂环族等烯烃。上述聚合物通常是乙烯与C3-30烯烃的聚合产物,尤其是以乙烯和丙烯的共聚物为佳。可供选用的其它聚合物有如聚异丁烯、C6和高级α-烯烃的均聚物和共聚物、无规立构聚丙烯、苯乙烯与(例如)异戊二烯和/或丁二烯的加氢聚合物和共聚物和三元共聚物及其加氢衍生物。举例来说,通过素炼、挤出、氧化或热降解可降低该聚合物的分子量,并使其被氧化并含有氧。适宜的烃聚合物的实例还包括衍生聚合物如乙烯-丙烯与活性单体如能够与醇或胺(例如亚烷基多胺或羟基胺,如美国专利Nos.4,089,794;4,160,739;4,137,185所示)进一步反应的马来酐所构成的后接枝共聚体,或乙烯和丙烯与氮化合物(如美国专利No.4068,056;4,068,058;4,146,489和4,149,984所示)反应或接枝而成的共聚物。
较好的烃聚合物是含15-90%(重)乙烯、以30-80%(重)乙烯为佳和10-85%(重)、以20-70%(重)为佳一种或多种C3-28(以C3-18为佳、更好的是C3-8)α-烯烃的乙烯共聚物。通过X-光及差示扫描量热器测定可知,该共聚物的结晶度以低于25%(重)为佳,这一点并不重要。以乙烯和丙烯共聚物为最佳。适合替代丙烯形成共聚物、或与乙烯和丙烯组合用于形成三元共聚物、四元共聚物等的其它α-烯烃包括1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯、1-壬烯、1-癸烯等;支链α-烯烃如4-甲基-1-戊烯、4-甲基-1-己烯、5-甲基-1-戊烯、4,4-二甲基-1-戊烯和6-甲基-1-庚烯等,及其混合物。
也可以使用由乙烯、上述C3-28α-烯烃和非共轭双烯或这类双烯混合物构成的三元共聚物、四元共聚物等。非共轭双烯的用量,以乙烯和α-烯烃的总量为基准计,一般约为0.5-20%(摩尔),以约1-7%(摩尔)为佳。
聚酯粘度指数改进剂一般为烯属C3-8不饱和一元和二元羧酸如甲基丙烯酸和丙烯酸马来酸、马来酐、富马酸等的酯的聚合物。
可供选用的不饱和酯的实例包括至少含1个碳原子(以12-20个碳原子为佳)的脂族饱和一元醇的酯类如丙烯酸癸酯、丙烯酸十二烷基酯、丙烯酸十八烷基酯、丙烯酸二十烷基酯、丙烯酸二十二烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸癸酯、富马酸二戊酯、甲基丙烯酸十二烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸十六烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯等等及其混合物。
其它酯类包括C2-22脂肪酸或一元羧酸(以饱和的为佳)的乙烯醇酯如乙酸乙烯酯、月桂酸乙烯酯、棕榈酸乙烯酯、硬脂酸乙烯酯、油酸乙烯酯等及其混合物。也可以使用乙烯醇酯与不饱和酸酯的共聚物如乙酸乙烯酯与富马酸二烃酯的共聚物。
于酯化反应之后,这些酯可以与另外一些不饱和单体,例如相对于每摩尔不饱和酯或每摩尔不饱和酯或酐的0.2-5摩尔C2-20脂族或芳族烯烃,进行共聚。例如经过与醇和胺酯化的马来酐与苯乙烯所形成的共聚物,见美国专利3,702,300。
这类酯聚合物可以与能够参加聚合的不饱和含氮单体进行接枝或共聚,从而赋予粘度指数改进剂分散性。适宜的含氮不饱和单体的实例包括含4-20个碳原子的化合物如氨基取代烯烃-对(β-二乙氨基乙基)苯乙烯,连接有可参加聚合反应的烯属不饱和取代基的含氮碱性杂环化合物例如乙烯基吡啶和乙烯基烷基吡啶如2-乙烯基-5-乙基吡啶、2-甲基-5-乙烯基吡啶、2-乙烯基-吡啶、4-乙烯基吡啶、3-乙烯基吡啶、3-甲基-5-乙烯基吡啶、4-甲基-2-乙烯基吡啶、4-乙基-2-乙烯基吡啶和2-丁基-5-乙烯基吡啶等。
同样适用的还有N-乙烯基内酰胺,例如N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮或N-乙烯基哌啶酮。
其中以乙烯基吡咯烷酮为佳,其例证有如N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、N-(1-甲基乙烯基)吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基-5-甲基吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基-3,3-二甲基吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基-5-乙基吡咯烷酮等。
用于本发明的无灰分散剂包括选自(1)油溶性盐、酰胺、酰亚胺、恶唑啉和长链烃取代的单和二羧酸或酸酐的酯类或其酸酐或其混合物,其中(1)、(2)和(3)中所述的长链烃基是C2至C10(如C2至C5)的单烯烃的聚合物,该聚合物的数均分子量为约700至约5000。
在分散剂中使用的长链烃基取代的单或二羧酸类物质,即酸、酸酐或酯,包括取代的长链烃,一般是聚烯烃,一般每摩尔聚烯烃平均至少取代有约0.8-2.0摩尔α-或β-不饱和C4至C10的二元羧酸、酸酐或其酯,以约1.0至1.6为佳,如1.1至1.3摩尔。这种一元和二元羧酸、酸酐及其酯的例子有富马酸、衣康酸、马来酸、马来酸酐、氯代马来酸、富马酸二甲酯、氯代马来酐、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸和肉桂酸等。
推荐的用来与不饱和二元羧酸反应的形成分散剂的烯烃聚合物是含有较大摩尔量C2至C10(如C2至C5)的单烯烃的聚合物。这种烯烃包括乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、异丁烯、戊烯、辛烯-1和苯乙烯等。聚合物可以是均聚物如聚异丁烯及两种或多种这类烯烃的共聚物如乙烯与丙烯;丁烯与异丁烯;丙烯与异丁烯等的共聚物。其它共聚物包括其中较小摩尔量[如1至10%(摩尔)]的共聚物单体是C4至C18非共轭二烯烃,如异丁烯与丁二烯的共聚物,或乙烯、丙烯和1,4-己二烯等的共聚物。
在某些场合,烯烃聚合物可完全饱和,例如使用氢作为调节剂控制分子量按齐格勒-纳塔合成法制取的乙烯-丙烯共聚物。
用于分散剂的烯烃聚合物的数均分子量一般应为约700至约5000,更通常是在约800至约3000。尤为适用的烯烃聚合物的数均分子量为约900至约2500,每个聚合物链带约一个双键端基。尤为适用的极有效的分散剂添加剂的原料是聚异丁烯。可按几种已知方法测定这类聚合物的数均分子量。一种常规测定方法是采用凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC),该法还提供分子量分布数据,见W.W.Yau,J.J.Kirkland和D.D.Bly的“Modern Size Exclusion Liquid Chromatography”, John Wiley和Sons,New York,1979。
烯烃聚合物与C4至C10不饱和二元羧酸、酸酐或酯的反应方法在技术上是已知的。例如,可如美国专利3361673和3401118中所介绍,简单加热烯烃聚合物和二元羧酸物质,使热“烯”反应发生。或可先囟化烯烃聚合物,例如,氯化或溴化,通过在60℃至250℃(如120℃至160℃)向聚烯烃通以氯或溴约0.5至10小时(以1至7小时为宜),基于聚合物重量计,达到约1%至8%(重量)的氯或溴(以约3%至7%为宜)。然后在100至250℃(一般是约180℃至235℃)下使囟化聚合物与足量不饱和酸或酸酐反应0.5至10小时(如3至8小时),这样获得的产物每摩尔囟化聚合物将含有所需摩尔数的不饱和酸。在美国专利3087436;3172892;3272746和其它此类文献中论及这类方法。
另一方面,在混合并加热烯烃聚合物和不饱和酸物质的同时向该加热物质通入氯。在美国专利3215707;3231587;3912764;4110349;4234435和英国专利1440219中对这类方法有所介绍。
使用囟素后,一般将有约65%至95%(重量)的聚烯烃(如聚异丁烯)与二元羧酸物置反应。而在不使用囟素或催化剂进行热反应时,则一般仅有约50%至75%(重量)的聚异丁烯反应。氯化有助于增加反应活性。为方便起见,上述二元羧酸产生的单元与聚烯烃的官能度之比(如为0.8至2.0等)是基于聚烯烃总量计算,即用于制造产品的反应和未反应的聚烯烃的总量。
能够产生二元羧酸的物质也可进一步与胺、醇(包括多元醇)、氨基醇等反应,生成其它有用的分散剂添加剂。因此如果欲使成酸物质进一步反应,如发生中和,则一般至少是50%以至全部的较大比例的酸单元发生反应。
用作烃基取代二元羧酸物质中和反应的亲核反应剂的胺化合物包括分子中带约2至60(以2至40为宜,如3至20)碳原子和带约1至12个(以 3至12为宜,最好是3至9)氮原子的一元胺和多元胺(较好),最好是聚亚烷基多胺。这些胺可以是烃基胺或是包括其它基团如羟基、烷氧基、酰胺基、腈基、咪唑啉基等的烃基胺。尤为适用的是带1至6个羟基的羟基胺,以带1至3个羟基为宜。推荐的胺类是脂肪族饱和胺,包括通式如下的胺类:
式中R、R′、R″和R″′分别选自氢、C1至C25的直链或支链烷基、C1至C12烷氧基C2至C6亚烷基、C2至C12的羟基氨基亚烷基和C1至C12烷基氨基C2至C6亚烷基,其中R″′还可包括下式基团:
式中R′的定义如上,S和S′可相同或不同,为2至6,以2至4为宜;t和t′可相同或不同,为0至10,以2至7为宜,最好为约3至7,但t和t′的总和不大于15。为了确保有效反应,最好选择R、R′、R″、R″′、S、S′、t和t′能使式Ⅲ和式Ⅳ化合物一般至少带一个伯胺或仲胺基团,以至少带两个伯胺或仲胺基团为宜。这可通过选择所述的R、R′、R″或R″′基团中至少一个作为氢或令式Ⅳ中的t当R″′为氢或当Ⅴ基团带仲氨基时至少为1来达到。以上通式中最可取的胺类是式Ⅳ所示的胺,该胺中含有至少两个伯胺基团,并含有至少一个伯胺基团,以至少三个为宜。
适宜的胺化合物的非限制性例子包括:1,2-二氨基乙烷、1,3-二氨基丙烷、1,4-二氨基丁烷、1,6-二氨基己烷、聚乙烯胺如二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺、聚丙烯胺如1,2-丙二胺、二(1,2-亚丙基)三胺、二(1,3-亚丙基)三胺、N,N-二甲基-1,3-二氨基丙烷、N,N-二(2-氨基乙基)乙二胺、N,N-二(2-羟乙基)-1,3-丙二胺、3-十二烷氧基丙胺、N-十二烷基-1,3-丙烷二胺、三羟甲基氨基甲烷(THAM)、二异丙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、一、二和三脂胺、氨基吗啉如N-(3-氨基丙基)吗啉及上述胺的混合物。
其它适用的胺化合物包括脂环族二胺如1,4-二(氨基甲基)环己烷和杂环氮化合物如咪唑啉和通式如下(Ⅴa)的N-氨基烷基哌嗪:
式中P1和P2相同或不同,是1至4的整数,n1、n2和n3相同或不同,是1至3的整数。这类胺的非限制性例子包括2-十五烷基咪唑啉、N-(2-氨基乙基)哌嗪等。
使用市售胺化合物的混合物效果较好。例如,一种制备亚烷基胺的方法包括亚烷基二囟化物(如二氯乙烷或二氯丙烷)与氨反应,产生亚烷基胺的复杂混合物,其中亚烷基都与成双的氮相连接,形成二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺和异构哌嗪等化合物。市售商品名为“Polyamine H”、“Polyamine 400”和“Dow Polyamine E-100”等聚亚乙基胺化合物平均每分子有约5至7个氮原子,其成本较低。
有效的胺类也包括聚氧亚烷基多胺,如通式如下的这类胺。
式中m为约3至70,以10至35为宜;和
式中“n”为约1至40,但须全部n′之和为约3至70,以约6至35为宜,R是最多10个碳原子的多价饱和烃基,其中R基上的取代基数由a值表示,其数值为3至6。式Ⅵ或式Ⅶ中的亚烷基可以是含约2至7碳原子(以约2至4为宜)的直链或支链。
式Ⅵ或式Ⅶ的聚氧亚烷基多胺(以聚氧亚烷基二胺和聚氧亚烷基三胺为宜)的平均分子量为约200至约4000,以约400至约2000为宜。推荐的聚氧亚烷基多胺包括聚氧亚乙基二胺和聚氧亚丙基二胺及聚氧亚丙基三胺(平均分子量范围为约200至2000)。例如,聚氧亚烷基多胺可以商品名“Jeffamine D-230、D-400、D-1000、D-2000、T-403”等从Jefferson化学公司买到。
通过加热含5%至95%(重量)的二元羧酸物质的油溶液至约100到250℃(以125至175℃为宜)1至10小时(如2至6小时,直至脱除所需水量,则胺类很容易与所选的二元羧酸物质如链烯基琥珀酐反应。适宜加热有利于形成酰亚胺或酰亚胺与酰胺的混合物,而不是酰胺和盐。二元羧酸物质对胺以及本文所述其它亲核反应剂当量数的反应比可随反应剂和所成键类型显著变化。一般每当量亲核反应剂(如胺)使用0.1至1.0摩尔的二元羧酸的基团(如接技马来酸酐),而以约0.2至0.6(如0.4至0.6)为宜。例如,最好使用约0.8摩尔五元胺(每分子带两个伯胺基,并且为5当量氮)转化为酰胺与酰亚胺的混合物,该产物是通过使1摩尔烯烃与足量的马来酸酐反应而制成,每摩尔烯烃加成有1.6摩尔琥珀酸酐基团,即五元氨的用量应为每氮当量的胺足以供给约0.4摩尔琥珀酸酐基团(即1.6/(0.8×5)摩尔)。
含氮分散剂还可进一步按美国专利3087936和3254025中的一般论述(本文引为参考)进行硼酸化处理。通过用选自氧化硼、囟化硼、硼酸和硼酸酯的硼化合物处理所选酰基氮分散剂,很容易实现该处理,硼化合物的用量为给摩尔酰基化氮组合物提供约0.1原子比的硼,以至每原子比酰基化氮组合物的氮提供约20原子比的硼。按该硼酸化酰基氮化合物总量计,本发明组合物的分散剂一般含约0.05至2.0%(重量)(如0.05至0.7%)的硼。硼[在产物中表现为脱水硼酸聚合物,主要是(HBO2)3]被认为与分散剂酰亚胺和二酰亚胺相连成为胺盐,如该二酰亚胺的偏硼酸盐。
通过向酰基化氮化合物添加约0.05%至4%,如1%至3%(重量)(基于该酰基氮化合物重量计)的硼化合物(尤以硼酸为佳,常以浆液形式加入)并于约135℃至190℃(如140至170℃)搅拌加热1至5小时,再在此温度下以氮气吹洗,很容易进行该处理。或者还可通过将硼酸加至二元羧酸物质与胺的热混合物中同时脱水来进行硼处理。
三羟甲基氨基甲烷(THAM)可与上述酸物质生成酰胺、酰亚胺或酯类添加剂(如英国专利984409所述)或生成恶唑啉化合物和硼酸化恶唑啉化合物(如美国专利4102798、4116876和4113639所述)。
无灰分散剂也可是由上述长链烃取代的二元羧酸物质和一羟基及多羟基醇等羟基化合物或酚及萘酚等芳族化合物生成的酯。多羟基醇为最佳羟基化合物,以含2至约10个羟基为宜,例如乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、四乙二醇、二丙二醇和其它亚烷基二醇,其中亚烷基含2至约8个碳原子。其它适用的多羟基醇包括丙三醇、丙三醇单油酸酯、丙三醇单硬脂酸酯、丙三醇单甲醚、季戊四醇、双季戊四醇及其混合物。
酯分散剂也可由烯丙醇、肉桂醇、炔丙醇、1-环己-3-醇和油醇等不饱和醇生成。能产生本发明的酯的其它醇类还包括醚-醇类和氨基-醇类,例如包括带一个或多个氧亚烷基、氨基亚烷基或氨基亚芳基、氧亚芳基的氧亚烷基、氧亚芳基、氨基亚烷基和氨基亚芳基取代的醇类。其实例有乙二醇一乙醚、二甘醇一乙醚、N,N,N′,N′-四羟基三甲二胺和最多带约150氧亚烷基的醚-醇类,其中亚烷基含1至约8个碳原子。
酯分散剂可以是琥珀酸的二酯或酸性酯、即部分酯化的琥珀酸;以及部分酯化的多羟醇或酚,即带有自由醇或酚羟基的酯。以上列举的酯类的混合物也认为属于本发明的范围。
可按一种或几种方法,如美国专利3381022中列举方法制备酯分散剂。类似于上文所述的含氮分散剂,酯分散剂也可被硼酸化。
可以与上述长链烃取代二元羧酸物质反应生成分散剂的羟基胺包括2-氨基-1-丁醇、2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇、对-(β-羟乙基)苯胺、2-氨基-1-丙醇、3-氨基-1-丙醇、2-氨基-2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇,2-氨基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇,N-(β-羟丙基)-N′-(β-氨基乙基)哌嗪,三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷,2-氨基-1-丁醇、乙醇胺、β-(β-羟乙氧基)乙胺等。也可使用这些胺或类似胺的混合物。适合于与烃基取代的二元羧酸或酸酐反应的上述亲核反应剂包括胺、醇以及含有混合胺和羟基的反应性官能团的化合物,即氨基-醇。
推荐的无灰分分散剂是由以琥珀酸酐基团取代并与聚亚乙基胺反应(如四亚乙基五胺、五亚乙基六胺)、聚氧亚乙基和聚氧亚丙胺(如聚氧亚丙基二胺、三羟甲基氨基甲烷及季戊四醇)及其混合物反应的聚异丁烯制成。一种特别推荐的分散剂组合物包括(1)琥珀酸酐基团取代并与(2)羟基化合物(如季戊四醇)、(3)聚氧亚烷基多胺(如聚氧亚丙基二胺)与(4)聚亚烷基多元胺(如聚乙二胺和四亚乙基五胺)反应的聚异丁烯的组合物,其用量如美国专利3804763中所述每摩尔(1)分别使用约0.3至约2摩尔(2)和(4)及约0.3至约2摩尔(3)。另一推荐的分散剂组合物包括(1)聚异丁烯基琥珀酸酐与(2)聚亚烷基多胺(如四亚乙基五胺)和(3)多羟基醇或多羟基取代的脂族伯胺(如季戊四醇或三羟甲基氨基甲烷)的组合物(如在美国专利3632511中所述)。
用于本发明的抗氧剂包括油溶性铜化合物。这种铜可作为任何适宜的油溶性羧酸铜化合物被掺合在油之中。我们所说的油溶性是指该羧酸盐化合物在油或含添加剂的整套配方中、于正常的混合条件下至少是部分油溶性的。该铜化合物可以亚铜或正铜的形式存在。尽管一摩尔氧化亚铜或氧化铜可以分别与一或二摩尔二硫代磷酸反应,但是铜仍可以二烃基硫代或二硫代磷酸铜的形式存在,其中用铜代替上述化合物和反应中的锌。此外,铜可以合成或天然羧酸的铜盐的形式被添加。其实例包括C脂肪酸如硬脂酸或棕榈酸,由于所得到的羧酸铜的处理和溶度特性可得到改善,因而以不饱和酸如油酸或支链羧酸如分子量为200-500的环烷酸或合成羧酸为佳。同样适用的还有通式为(RRNCSS)nCu的油溶性二硫代氨基甲酸铜,式中n为1或2,R和R为相同或不同的C烃基,以C烃基为佳,它们包括诸如烷基、链烯基、芳基、芳烷基、烷芳基和脂环烃基这类的基团。尤其是以R和R为C烷基为佳。因此,举例来说,这类基团可以是乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、戊基、正己基、异己基、正庚基、正辛基、癸基、十二烷基、十八烷基、2-乙基己基、苯基、丁苯基、环己基、甲基环戊基、丙烯基、丁烯基等。为了具备油溶性,(R和R的)碳原子总数一般约为5或更多。也可以采用磺酸铜、铜酚盐和乙酰丙酮铜。
有效铜化合物的例子为烯基琥珀酸的Cu[Cu(Ⅰ)和/或Cu(Ⅱ)]盐或酸酐。盐本身呈碱性,中性或酸性。可将(a)上面在谈到无灰分散剂时提到的具有至少一个游离羧酸(或酸酐)根的材料之一与(b)活性金属化合物反应而制得。适当的酸(或酸酐)活性金属化合物包括铜或亚铜氢氧化物,氧化物,乙酸盐,硼酸盐,和碳酸盐或碱性碳酸铜等。
本发明金属盐游垡於∠┗晁狒腃u盐(下称Cu-PIBSA),和聚异丁烯基琥珀酸的Cu盐。所用优选金属为其二价形式如Cu+2。优选基体为聚烯基琥珀酸,其中烯基的数均分子量( Mn)大于约 700。要求烯基具有约900-1400直到2500的Mn,最好为约950。上述分散剂部分列出的化合物中最优选的是聚异丁烯琥珀酸(PIBSA)。要求将这些材料溶于溶剂如矿物油中,并在金属材料水溶液(或浆料)存在下加热。加热温度为70-约200℃,但110-140℃就完全合适了。根据新生产的盐的情况,不必使反应在140℃以上保持长时间如5小时以上,不然的话,会发生分解。
于最终润滑油或燃料组合物中,铜抗氧化剂(例如Cu-PIBSA、油酸铜或其混合物)的用量一般为大约50-500ppmw金属。
用于本发明的铜抗氧化剂的价格低廉,并且能够在低浓度下发挥效力,因此,采用这种抗氧化剂对产物的造价无实质影响。所产生的结果常常好于采用以往抗氧剂所产生的结果,以往的抗氧化剂不仅造价高而且使用浓度高。任何情况下,铜化合物的用量均不得影响润滑组合物中其它组分的性能,当除了ZDDP以外,铜化合物是唯一的抗氧化剂时,方能获得完全令人满意的结果。采用铜抗氧化剂可以减少或完全消除对辅助抗氧化剂的需求。这样,只有在特别苛刻的条件下才需要采用传统的辅助抗氧化剂。然而,所需辅助抗氧化剂的用量远远少于无铜化合物存在时所需的用量。
在将任何有效量的铜抗氧化剂加至润滑油组合物中的同时,所期望的是这一有效量足以使含铜抗氧化剂的上述润滑油组合物中有大约50-500(以10-200为佳,更好的是10-180最好为20-130(如90-120))ppm铜,该含铜量是以润滑油组合物的重量为基准计算得到的。当然,较好的用量取值范围还取决于能够对基本油料润滑油的质量产生影响的其它因素。
缓蚀剂,也叫防腐剂,能够减缓与润滑油组合物接触的金属零配件的老化。缓蚀剂的实例有如磷硫化烃和通过磷硫化烃与碱土金属氧化物或氢氧化物(较好的是在烷基化苯酚或烷基酚硫酸存在下,同样较好的是在二 化碳存在下)进行反应而获得的产物。通过于150-600°F下使适宜的烃如萜烯、C2~C6烯烃聚合物的重质石油馏份如聚异丁烯与5-30%(重)磷的硫化物反应0.5-15小时便可制得磷硫化烃。可以采用美国专利No1,969,324所述方法中和该磷硫化烃。
氧化抑制剂能够降低使用过程中矿物油变质的可能性,氧化产物如金属表面的淤渣和清漆状沉积物的产生及粘度的增大都会加剧这一变质现象。这种氧化抑制剂包括较好地含有C5~C12烷基侧链的烷基酚硫酯的碱土金属盐、壬基苯酚硫化钙、叔辛基苯基硫化钡、二辛基苯胺、苯基α-萘基胺、磷硫化或硫化烃等。
摩擦改性剂能够使润滑油组合物如自动传动液体具备适当的摩擦特性。
作为适宜的摩擦改性剂有代表性的实例,美国专利No3,933,659所披露的为脂肪酸酯和酰胺;美国专利No4,176,074所披露的为聚异丁烯基琥珀酸酐-氨基醇的钼配合物,美国专利No4,105,571所披露的是二聚脂肪酸的甘油酯;美国专利No3,779,928所披露的是烷基膦酸盐,美国专利No3,778,375所披露的是膦酸盐与油酰胺的反应产物;美国专利No3,852,205披露的是S-羧基-亚烷基烃基琥珀酰亚胺、S-羧基-亚烷基烃基琥珀酰胺酸及其混合物,美国专利No3,879,306所披露的是N(羟烷基)烯基-琥珀酰胺酸或琥珀酰亚胺;美国专利No3,932,290所披露的是二(低级烷基)亚磷酸盐与环氧化物的反应产物,美国专利No4,028,258所披露的是磷硫化N-(羟烷基)烯基琥珀酰亚胺的烯化氧加合物。以上文献披露的内容在此仅供参考。最佳摩擦改性剂为单和二油酸甘油酯,和烃基取代琥珀酸或酐与硫代双醇的琥珀酸酯,或其金属盐,如美国专利No4,344,853所述。
倾点降低剂能够降低流体流动或倾倒的温度。这些都是已知的降低剂。典型的能够使流体具备最佳低温流动性的添加剂为C8~C18二烷基富马酸酯 /乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸酯和含蜡萘。
可以通过采用聚硅氧烷型防泡剂如硅油和聚二甲基硅氧烷控制起泡。
作为防锈剂用于本发明的油溶性有机化合物包括非离子表面活性剂如聚氧化亚烷基多醇及其酯和阴离子表面活性剂如烷基磺酸。这种防锈配方是已知的并且可由传统的方法制备。作为防锈添加剂用于本发明油质组合物中的非离子表面的活性剂,其表面活性特性全靠其所含的许多弱稳定基团如醚键。通过使用过量低级烯化氧(如环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷)使含有活泼氢的有机底物发生烷氧基化反应,直至分子内产生所需数量的烷氧基为止,便可制得含有醚键的非离子防锈剂。
所用的防锈剂以聚氧化亚烷基多醇及其衍生物为佳。这类材料取自多种商业来源;Wyandotte化学公司的Pluronic多醇、Dow化学公司生产的聚乙二醇112-2(由环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷得到的液态三醇)、由联合碳化物公司生产的Tergitol(十二烷基苯基或单苯基聚乙二醇醚)和乌康(聚烯二醇及其衍生物)。这些物质仅占作为防锈剂适用于本发明改进组合物的商品的一小部分)。
除了多醇自身以外,通过使多醇与各类羧酸反应所得到的酯也适用。用于制备这些酯的酸为月桂酸、硬脂酸、琥珀酸和其中烷基或烯基含多达20个碳原子的烷基或烯基取代琥珀酸。
所制得的多醇以嵌段聚合物为佳。因此,羟基取代化合物R-(OH)n式中n为1-6,R为单或多羟基醇、酚、萘酚等的残基)与环氧丙烷反应可形成疏水碱。然后,该碱与环氧乙烷反应产生亲水部分,这样,在同一分子中既有疏水部分又有亲水部分。可以通过调整反应物之间的数量比例和反应时间等来调节这些部分的相对大小,这对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。因此,可以采用本领域的技术制备其特征在于分子中既有疏水部分又有亲水部分的多醇,该两部分的比例须使得尽管在不同的基油并存在其它添加剂的条件下防锈剂均能适用于任何润滑油组合物之中。
若需要其在给定的润滑油组合物中的油溶性更大,可以增大其疏水部分和/或减少其亲水部分。若需要更强的水包油型乳液的破乳能力,可以通过调整其疏水和/或亲水部分来完成。
R-(OH)n化合物的例证包括亚烷基多醇如亚烷基二醇、亚烷基三醇、亚烷基四醇等,如乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油、季戊四醇、山梨醇、甘露糖醇等。也可以使用芳族羟基化合物如烷基化单和多羟基苯酚和萘酚,例如庚基酚、十二烷基酚等。
其它适宜的反乳化剂包括美国专利No3,098,827和2,674,619所披露的酯类。
Wyandotte化学公司生产的名为Pluronic多醇的液体多醇和其它相类似的多醇特别适用作防锈剂。这些Pluronic多醇如下式所示:
式中X、Y和Z为大于1的整数,这样基团-CHCHO-约占1,2-乙二醇总分子量的10-40%(重),该1,2-乙二醇的平均分子量约为1000-500。首先使环氧丙烷与丙二醇缩合生成疏水碱(Ⅸ),
然后用环氧乙烷处理该缩合产物,将亲水部分加到分子的两端,这样便可制得上述那些产物。为了产生最佳结果,环氧乙烷链节应约占分子的10-40%(重)。其中多醇的分子量约为2500-4500而环氧乙烷链节约占分子的10-15%(重)的那些产物特别适用。分子量约为4000、其中约10%为(CHCHO)链节的多醇特别好。同样适用的还有烷氧基化脂肪胺、酰胺、醇等,包括用C烷基取代酚(如一和二庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基和十三烷基酚)处理这类烷氧基化脂肪酸得到的衍生物,如美国专利3,849,501所述,此专利文献在此仅供参考。
本发明的这些组合物还可以含有其它添加剂如前面提到的那些物质和其它含金属(例如钡和钠)添加剂。
本发明的润滑油组合物还包括含有铜铅的缓蚀剂。典型的这类化合物为含5-20个碳原子的噻二唑聚硫化物及其衍生物和聚合物。以诸如美国专利No.2,719,125、2,719,126和3,087,932之类文献所述的1,3,4-噻二唑的衍生物为佳,尤以其商品名为Amoco 150的化合物2,5-双(叔辛基二硫代)-1,3,4-噻二唑为佳。其它同样适用的类似物质如美国专利3,821,236、3,904,537、4,097,387、4,107,059、4,136,043、4,188、299和4,193,882所述。
其它适宜的添加剂为诸如英国专利说明书1560830所述的噻二唑的硫代和聚硫代亚磺酰胺。以润滑油组合物的重量为准计,该润滑油组合物中这些化合物的含量为0.01-10%(重),以0.1-0.5%(重)为佳。
某些这类添加剂能够产生多种效果,例如可用作分散剂-氧化抑制剂。作为公知内容,对此无需赘述。
当组合物中含有这些传统的添加剂时,一般情况下是以能够提供常见附带功能的有效用量将该组合物掺合在基油之中。在配制充分的油品中,(分别被用作活性组分的)这类添加剂的有效用量如下所示:
组成 (重量)%A.I. (重量)%A.I.
(最佳范围) (粗略范围)
总组分A(1)+A(2)洗涤剂* 0.7-0.9 0.7-0.9
组分B抗磨剂 0.8-1.1 0.7-1.2
粘度改性剂 0.01-4 0.01-12
缓蚀剂 0.01-1.5 0.01-5
氧化抑制剂 0.01-1.5 0.01-5
分散剂 0.1-8 0.1-5
倾点下降剂 0.01-1.5 0.01-5
防沫剂 0.001-0.15 0.001-3
摩擦改性剂 0.01-1.5 0.01-5
矿物基油 余量 余量
本发明之润滑油组合物最好是含有约0.05-0.2(重量)%的组分(A)(1)(用Ca表示);约0.02-0.11(重量)%的组分(A)(2)(用Mg表示);足以提供约0.08-0.11(重量)%磷的组分B;约1.5-3(重量)%A.I.组分C无灰分散剂;以及约80-150ppm组分D抗氧化剂(用Cu的ppm表示)。
当使用其它添加剂时,尽管不要求,但可能希望制备添加剂浓缩物,该浓缩物含有本发明之新型洗涤抑制剂/抗磨剂混合物的的浓缩溶液或分散液(在浓缩物中的量上文已叙述过),同时还含有一种以上的所述其它添加剂(所述浓缩侮当构成添加混合物时称为添加剂整套配方),因而可以在基质油中同时添加几种添加剂以形成润滑油组合物。利用溶剂和伴有熔融加热的混合可能有助于添加剂浓缩物在润滑油中的溶化,但这不是主要的。浓缩物或添加剂整套配方的一般配方是含有合适量的添加剂以便当添加剂整套配方与预定量的基质润滑剂混合物时在最终组成中得到所希望的浓度。因此,本发明之洗涤抑制剂/抗磨剂混合物和其它希望的添加剂一起添加到少量基质油或其它相溶性溶剂中形成含活性组分的添加剂整套配方,添加剂的集体重量一般约为2.5-90%,约15-75%为好,而最好是25~60%(按剩余物是基质油的合适比例)。
一般可能采用的最终配方是约10(重量)%的添加剂一整套配方(剩余物是基质油)。
本文中示出的所述重量百分率(除另有说明)全是基于添加剂的活性组分(A.I)含量,和/或基于添加剂一整套配方的总重量,或每一种添加剂的A.I重量加上总油或稀释剂重量的总和。
参照以下实施例进一步了解本发明,其中,所有的“份”均为“重量份”,(除另有说明),并且这将适于本发明的最佳实施方案。
实施例
配制一组全组分润滑油,它含有选择的洗涤抑制剂,二烷基二硫代磷酸锌抗磨剂、无灰分散剂、抗氧化剂和燃料节省添加剂。由此得到的数据汇总于下表Ⅰ
注:
(1)高碱性磺酸钙,400TBN,含15.5wt% Ca,55(重量)%A.I.
(2)高碱性磺酸镁,400TBN,含9.2wt% Mg,52(重量)%A.I.
(3)二伯烷基二硫代磷酸锌浓缩物在稀矿物中油为75重量%A.I),该浓缩物中烷基或这种基团的混合物有4-5个碳原子,并由PS与约65(重量)%异丁醇及约35(重量)%戊醇的混合物反应而制得。
(4)二仲烷基二硫代磷酸锌浓缩物在稀矿物油中为71重量%A.I),该浓缩物中烷基或这种基团的混合物有3-6个碳原子,并由PS和异丁醇(30%)及甲基叔丁基卡必醇(70%)的混合物反应而制得。
(5)分别用Ca洗涤抑制剂和Mg洗涤抑制剂配制的润滑油中的wt%Ca和Mg。
(6)用ZDDP-1°和ZDDP-2°配制的润滑油中wt%总P和Zn
(7)0=最好;10=最差
(8)10=最好;0=最差
(9)10=最好;0=最差
实施例3中所得试验结果据信是不常见的。
** 在每一配制的油中所加成分(在每一配方中以恒定体积应用):(a)无灰分散剂(稀释矿物油溶液,其中含硼酸化聚异丁烯基琥珀酰亚胺,是由每一聚异丁烯分子有约1.1琥珀酸酐残基的聚异丁烯基琥珀酸酐衍生出来的,而聚异丁烯基分子又是由数均分子量为2200的聚异丁烯衍生出来的;(b)壬基酚硫化物抗氧化剂;(c)油酸铜抗氧化剂(120ppm wt% Cu);(d)(除实施例而外)甘油单油酸酯节省燃料添加剂,(e)多官能粘度调节剂(以胺化乙丙共聚物计;(f)150N basestock。
表一数据按照本发明改性润滑油配方与对照相比降低了Cam磨损,同时又不减少Camnose merits,而且可达到优异的Rocker pad demrits。
实例7:比较例B
又配制一组配方并用作以无恒温器发动机操作的水冷汽油燃料试验汽车的润滑油。所得数据列于下表Ⅱ。
出人意料地发现,用实例7的油时出现的缸体磨损和Lifter磨损低于比较例B,即使在实例7的滴油间隔和试验时间更长也是如此。
表Ⅱ
成分* 比较 实例
(wt.%) B 7
Ca洗涤抑制剂 0 0.74
Mg洗涤抑制剂 1.29 0.69
ZDDP-1°(3) 1.19 0.76
ZDDP-2°(4) 0 0.76
场试验条件:
SAE(5) 40 10W40
API(6) SE/CC SF/CC
滴油间隔,km 5,000 10,000
试验距离,km 50,000 80,000
试验车 (7) (7)
试验结果:
缸体磨损,mm (8)0.026 (9)0.011
Lifter磨损,mm(9) 0.17 0.15
注.
(1)高碱性磺酸钙,400TBN,含15.5wt% Ca,55(重量)% A.I.
(2)高碱性磺酸镁,400TBN,含9.2wt% Mg,52(重量)% A.I.
(3)二伯烷基二硫代磷酸锌浓缩物在稀矿物中油为75重量%A.I),该浓缩物中烷基或这种基团的混合物有4-5个碳原子,并由PS与约65(重量)%异丁醇及约35(重量)%戊醇的混合物反应而制得。
(4)二仲烷基二硫代磷酸锌浓缩物在稀矿物油中为71重量%A.I),该浓缩物中烷基或这种基团的混合物有3-6个碳原子,并由PS和异丁醇(30%)及甲基叔丁基卡必醇(70%)的混合物反应而制得。
(5)Society of Automotive Engineers。
(6)American Petroleum Lnstitute。
(7)General Motors Caprtice,V-6,4.1升,发动机冷水系统中无恒温器。
(8)3-车平均
(9)2-车平均
*每种油中新加组分除了打底油而外还包括无灰分散剂(聚异丁烯基琥珀酰亚胺);和铜抗氧剂(120wppm Cu)。实施7的油配制为多级油并还含多功能粘度改性剂和甘油油酸酯节省燃料添加剂。
上述为本发明的原则,优选实施方案和方式。但要求保护的本发明并不仅限于具体的公开形式,因为公开形式为示意说明性的,并不起限制作用。本专业人员在不违背本发明构思情况下即可作出各种改进和进一步完善。
Claims (21)
1、本发明提供促使抑制缸体和环磨损腐蚀的润滑油组合物,它包括作为主成分的润滑粘度的油和作为辅助成分的改进的下述混合物:
(A)由至少一种钙高碱磺酸盐或酚盐洗涤抑制剂(1)和至少一种镁高碱磺酸盐或酚盐洗涤抑制剂(2)组成的混合物;
(B)由至少一种二伯烃基二硫代磷酸锌(1)和至少一种二伯烃基二硫代磷酸锌(2)组成的混合物;
其中,组分(A)包括约0.7~0.9wt%的润滑油组合物,组分(B)包括约0.7-1.2wt%的润滑油组合物;而且混合的钙镁洗涤抑制剂中(A)(1)∶(A)(2)的重量比为约0.3∶1~1.3∶1,混合物(B)抗磨损剂(B)(1)∶(B)(2)的重量比在约0.7∶1~3.1∶1之间。
2、权利要求1的组合物,其中Ca洗涤抑制剂包括高碱磺酸钙。
3、权利要求1的组合物,其中Mg洗涤抑制剂包括高碱磺崦尽?
4、权利要求1的组合物,其中Ca洗涤抑制剂和Mg洗涤抑制剂在润滑油组合物中的用量为约0.8-1.1重量份Ca洗涤抑制剂/重量份Mg洗涤抑制剂。
5、根据权利要求1所述之润滑油组合物,其中,二伯烃基二硫代磷酸锌是由具有以下通式酸的锌盐衍生而成:
其中,R1和R2相同或不同,是烷基,环烷基,芳烷基,烷芳基或类似结构的烃基。
7、根据权利要求1所述之润滑油组合物,其中,二伯烃基硫代磷酸锌和二仲烃基硫代磷酸锌在润滑油组合物中的含量,为0.8-1.55(重量)份二伯烃基硫代磷酸锌∶1(重量)份二仲烃基硫代磷酸锌。
8、一种形成润滑油组合物的方法,它包括抑制:
(a)提供
(1)至少一种钙高碱性磺酸盐或酚盐洗涤剂和
(2)至少一种镁高碱性磺酸盐或酚盐洗涤抑制剂的混合物(A),其中混合物的钙和镁洗涤抑制剂的含量,按组分A(1)∶A(2)的重量比为约0.3∶1~1.3∶1;
(b)提供
(1)至少一种二伯烃基二硫代磷酸锌和
(2)至少一种二仲烃基二硫代磷酸锌的混合物(B),其中混合的二伯烃基二硫代磷酸锌和二仲烃基二硫代磷酸锌的含量,按B(1)∶B(2)的重量比为0.7∶1~3.1∶1;
(c)将混合物A和B与主要量的润滑油混合以形成含约0.7-0.9wt%混合物A和约0.7-1.2wt%混合物B的润滑油组合物。
9、权利要求8的方法,其中Ca洗涤抑制剂包括高碱磺酸钙。
10、权利要求8的方法,其中Mg洗涤抑制剂包括高碱磺酸镁。
11、权利要求8的方法,其中Ca洗涤抑制剂和Mg洗涤抑制剂在润滑油组合物中的用量为约0.8-1.1重量份Ca洗涤抑制剂/重量份Mg洗涤抑制剂。
14、根据权利要求8的方法,其中,二伯烃基硫代磷酸锌和二仲烃基硫代磷酸锌在润滑油组合物中的含量,为0.8-1.55(重量)份二伯烃基硫代磷酸锌∶1(重量)份二仲烃基硫代磷酸锌。
15、一种润滑油浓缩物,其中包括约30-90wt%润滑粘性油;约9-18wt%(A)(1)至少一种Ca高碱性磺酸盐或酚盐洗涤抑制剂和(2)至少一种Mg高碱性磺酸盐或酚盐洗涤抑制剂的混合物;以及约10-25wt%(B)(1)至少一种二伯羟基二硫代磷酸锌和(2)至少一种二仲烃基二硫代磷酸锌的混合物,其中混合物的钙和镁洗涤抑制剂是按照组分(A)(1)∶组分(A)(2)的重量比为约0.3∶1~1.3∶1的量出现;混合的二伯烃基二硫代磷酸锌抗磨剂是按组分(B)(1)∶(B)(2)的重量比为约0.7∶1~3.1∶1量存在。
16、权利要求15的浓缩物,其中Ca洗涤抑制剂包括高碱磺酸钙。
17、权利要求15的浓缩物,其中Mg洗涤抑制剂包括高碱磺酸镁。
18、权利要求15的浓缩物,其中Ca洗涤抑制剂和Mg洗涤抑制剂在润滑油组合物中的用量为约0.8-1.1重量份Ca洗涤抑制剂/重量份Mg洗涤抑制剂。
21、根据权利要求15的浓缩物,其中,二伯烃基硫代磷酸锌和二仲烃基硫代磷酸锌在润滑油组合物中的含量,为0.8-1.55(重量)份二仲烃基硫代磷酸锌∶1(重量)份二仲烃基硫代磷酸锌。
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KR102609788B1 (ko) * | 2015-03-24 | 2023-12-04 | 이데미쓰 고산 가부시키가이샤 | 가솔린 엔진용 윤활유 조성물 및 그의 제조 방법 |
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US10443011B2 (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2019-10-15 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Lubricants with overbased calcium and overbased magnesium detergents and method for improving low-speed pre-ignition |
US10443558B2 (en) | 2017-01-18 | 2019-10-15 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Lubricants with calcium and magnesium-containing detergents and their use for improving low-speed pre-ignition and for corrosion resistance |
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US20190390133A1 (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-12-26 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Lubricating oil compositions |
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GB2056482A (en) * | 1979-08-13 | 1981-03-18 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Lubricating oil compositions |
US4483775A (en) * | 1982-10-28 | 1984-11-20 | Chevron Research Company | Lubricating oil compositions containing overbased calcium sulfonates |
JPS59122597A (ja) * | 1982-11-30 | 1984-07-16 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 潤滑油組成物 |
US4466895A (en) * | 1983-06-27 | 1984-08-21 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Metal salts of lower dialkylphosphorodithioic acids |
CA1273344A (en) * | 1985-06-17 | 1990-08-28 | Thomas V. Liston | Succinimide complexes of borated alkyl catechols and lubricating oil compositions containing same |
US4629578A (en) * | 1985-06-17 | 1986-12-16 | Chevron Research Company | Succinimide complexes of borated alkyl catechols and lubricating oil compositions containing same |
US4767551A (en) * | 1985-12-02 | 1988-08-30 | Amoco Corporation | Metal-containing lubricant compositions |
DE3868949D1 (de) * | 1987-01-21 | 1992-04-16 | Amoco Corp | Veschleissschutz-schmiermittelzusammensetzungen mit geringem phosphorgehalt. |
-
1988
- 1988-11-16 CA CA000583255A patent/CA1337293C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-11-18 AU AU25692/88A patent/AU617712B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-11-18 BR BR888806068A patent/BR8806068A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-11-18 EP EP88310931A patent/EP0317348A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-11-19 CN CN88107967A patent/CN1021344C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-11-19 KR KR1019880015268A patent/KR960013615B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-11-21 JP JP63294872A patent/JPH01201399A/ja active Pending
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103013624A (zh) * | 2012-12-06 | 2013-04-03 | 南通市华东润滑设备有限公司 | 润滑油添加剂 |
CN107406795A (zh) * | 2015-03-24 | 2017-11-28 | 出光兴产株式会社 | 火花点火式内燃机用润滑油组合物、该润滑油组合物的制造方法、使用该润滑油组合物的火花点火式内燃机、以及该内燃机的润滑方法 |
CN107406795B (zh) * | 2015-03-24 | 2021-08-17 | 出光兴产株式会社 | 火花点火式内燃机用润滑油组合物、该润滑油组合物的制造方法、使用该润滑油组合物的火花点火式内燃机、以及该内燃机的润滑方法 |
CN107922875A (zh) * | 2015-07-16 | 2018-04-17 | 雅富顿化学公司 | 具有二烷基二硫代磷酸锌的润滑剂及其在增压内燃机中的用途 |
US20230002699A1 (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2023-01-05 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Continuous acoustic mixing for performance additives and compositions including the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1021344C (zh) | 1993-06-23 |
AU617712B2 (en) | 1991-12-05 |
CA1337293C (en) | 1995-10-10 |
KR960013615B1 (ko) | 1996-10-09 |
KR890008308A (ko) | 1989-07-10 |
AU2569288A (en) | 1989-05-25 |
EP0317348A1 (en) | 1989-05-24 |
JPH01201399A (ja) | 1989-08-14 |
BR8806068A (pt) | 1989-08-08 |
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